JP6596121B1 - In-furnace situation determination method and combustion control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method capable of sufficiently detecting the detailed shape and movement of waste accumulated on a grate of a combustion part of a waste incinerator. A three-dimensional thermal image creation method performs a process including a thermal image acquisition step and a three-dimensional thermal image creation step on an incinerator. In the thermal image acquisition process, wastes accumulated in the combustion section 12 are observed through a selective transmission filter 95a that selectively transmits light having a wavelength that is not emitted by a flame, using a plurality of infrared cameras 95 having different viewpoints. A plurality of thermal images with different viewpoints are acquired. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation process, image synthesis processing is performed on a plurality of thermal images acquired from different viewpoints acquired in the thermal image acquisition process, so that the thermal image is transported while being deposited on the combustion grate 22 of the combustion unit 12. Create a three-dimensional thermal image of the waste. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a method for appropriately maintaining stable combustion in a grate-type waste incinerator that incinerates while conveying waste by a grate.

  Conventionally, since a wide variety of wastes are input to the waste incinerator, it is important that stable combustion can be appropriately maintained even when the properties of the input wastes change. In addition, the grate-type waste incinerator is divided into a drying section for drying waste, a combustion section for burning the waste flame, and a post-combustion section for post-combusting the waste (Oki combustion). Yes. In order to perform combustion control that appropriately maintains stable combustion, for example, it is important to acquire sufficient information regarding the waste accumulated in the grate of the combustion unit. Patent Documents 1 to 5 disclose methods for acquiring and controlling information related to the combustion section.

  In the method of Patent Document 1, a visible image of a flame and an infrared image (thermal image) of waste on a grate are acquired by two imaging means provided on the wall of the incinerator, and the visible image and the thermal image. Are used for combustion control.

  In the method of Patent Document 2, a visible image is acquired by photographing the inside of an incinerator using two television cameras, a stereoscopic image is created based on these images, and this stereoscopic image is used for combustion control. .

  In the methods of Patent Documents 3 and 4, a thermal image of waste on the grate is captured by one or more thermal image capturing units, and the one or more thermal images are used for combustion control. Patent Documents 3 and 4 describe the use of a thermal image capturing unit that detects infrared light having a specific wavelength in order to exclude the influence of a flame.

  In the method of Patent Document 5, the radar device is used to acquire the three-dimensional fuel distribution on the grate, the infrared camera is used to acquire the fuel temperature distribution on the grate, and the information is used for combustion control. Use for.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-54532 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-118524 JP 2017-187228 A JP-A-2018-21686 JP-A-8-35630

  When using a visible image like patent document 1 and 2, the flame which has generate | occur | produced in the combustion part becomes obstructive, and the shape and movement of the waste on a grate cannot fully be acquired. In the first place, Patent Document 2 acquires an image and detects a stereoscopic image in order to detect the position of abnormal combustion, and does not detect waste on the grate as a detection target. Since Patent Documents 3 and 4 use thermal images of one or a plurality of wastes as they are, detailed shapes of wastes and movements thereof cannot be sufficiently obtained. In addition, when the fuel on the grate is detected by the radar as in Patent Document 5, it is necessary to detect the electromagnetic wave reflected by the waste in a high temperature environment and a situation where a flame exists, so that the cost of the radar itself is reduced. Get higher. Moreover, in patent document 5, the infrared camera is used in order to acquire temperature distribution instead of the shape of a fuel.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its main purpose is to sufficiently detect the detailed shape and movement of the waste accumulated on the grate of the combustion part of the waste incinerator. It is to provide a possible method.

  The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems and the effects thereof will be described.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an in- furnace state determination method for determining the in-furnace state of the waste incinerator in order to control the combustion state of the following waste incinerator. That is, this method is composed of a grate divided into a drying section, a combustion section, and a post-combustion section, and transports the waste by operating intermittently in a state where the waste is accumulated and It is performed on the waste incinerator provided with a transport unit for supplying a primary combustion gas through a grate. This in- furnace situation determination method performs processing including a thermal image acquisition step, a three-dimensional thermal image creation step, and a calculation step . In the thermal image acquisition step, the waste accumulated in the combustion part is observed through a selective transmission filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength that is not emitted by a flame, using a plurality of infrared cameras having different viewpoints. A plurality of thermal images with different viewpoints are acquired. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation process, image synthesis processing is performed on a plurality of thermal images acquired from the different viewpoints acquired in the thermal image acquisition process, so that the three-dimensional thermal image is transported while being deposited on the grate of the combustion unit. A three-dimensional thermal image of the waste to be produced is created. In the calculation step, a time change of the thickness of the waste on the grate is calculated for the waste in the combustion part based on the three-dimensional thermal image at a plurality of times created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step. At the same time, the time change of the moving speed of the waste surface of the combustion part is calculated based on the three-dimensional thermal images at the plurality of times.
According to the 2nd viewpoint of this invention, in order to control the combustion state of the following waste incinerators, the in-furnace condition determination method which determines the in-furnace condition of the said waste incinerator is provided. That is, this method is composed of a grate divided into a drying section, a combustion section, and a post-combustion section, and transports the waste by operating intermittently in a state where the waste is accumulated and It is performed on the waste incinerator provided with a transport unit for supplying a primary combustion gas through a grate. This in-furnace situation determination method performs processing including a thermal image acquisition step, a three-dimensional thermal image creation step, a calculation step, and a specific step. In the thermal image acquisition step, the waste accumulated in the combustion part is observed through a selective transmission filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength that is not emitted by a flame, using a plurality of infrared cameras having different viewpoints. A plurality of thermal images with different viewpoints are acquired. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation process, image synthesis processing is performed on a plurality of thermal images acquired from the different viewpoints acquired in the thermal image acquisition process, so that the three-dimensional thermal image is transported while being deposited on the grate of the combustion unit. A three-dimensional thermal image of the waste to be produced is created. In the calculation step, a time change of the thickness of the waste on the grate is calculated for the waste in the combustion part based on the three-dimensional thermal image at a plurality of times created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step. To do. In the specific step, the time change of the thickness of the waste on the grate is analyzed, and the burnout point is determined based on how the time change amount of the waste thickness changes in the waste transport direction. Identify the location.

  Thereby, since the three-dimensional thermal image which removed the flame can be created with respect to the waste accumulated on the grate of the combustion part, the detailed shape and the movement of the waste can be sufficiently detected.

  According to the present invention, by using the above three-dimensional thermal image, it is possible to sufficiently detect the detailed shape and movement of the waste deposited on the grate of the combustion part of the waste incinerator.

The schematic block diagram of the waste incineration equipment containing the incinerator of the object which performs the method of this invention. Functional block diagram of an incinerator. The three-dimensional schematic diagram of the incinerator which shows the attachment position of an infrared camera. The flowchart which shows the control which a control apparatus performs in order to stabilize combustion. The schematic diagram which shows a mode that the waste of a combustion part is conveyed, and the value which a control apparatus calculates. The schematic block diagram of the waste incineration equipment which shows a mode when a burning point position moves to the upstream side. The schematic block diagram of the waste incineration equipment which shows a mode when the burning point position moves to the downstream side.

  <Overall Configuration of Waste Incineration Facility> First, a waste incineration facility (waste incineration facility) 100 including an incinerator (waste incinerator) 10 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste incineration facility 100 including an incinerator 10 to be subjected to the method of the present invention. In the following description, the terms “upstream” and “downstream” mean upstream and downstream in the direction in which waste, combustion gas, exhaust gas, primary air, secondary air, circulating exhaust gas, and the like flow.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the waste incineration facility 100 includes an incinerator 10, a boiler 30, and a steam turbine power generation facility 35. The incinerator 10 incinerates the supplied waste. The detailed configuration of the incinerator 10 will be described later.

  The boiler 30 generates steam using heat generated by combustion of waste. The boiler 30 generates steam (superheated steam) by exchanging heat between the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the furnace and water with a large number of water tubes 31 and superheater tubes 32 provided on the flow path wall. The steam generated by the water pipe 31 and the superheater pipe 32 is supplied to the steam turbine power generation facility 35.

  The steam turbine power generation facility 35 includes a turbine and a power generation device (not shown). The turbine is rotationally driven by steam supplied from the water pipe 31 and the superheater pipe 32. The power generation device generates power using the rotational driving force of the turbine.

  Here, in order to perform stable power generation, it is necessary to stabilize the generation amount of steam (superheated steam) in the boiler 30. In order to stabilize the amount of steam (superheated steam) generated in the boiler 30, it is necessary to stabilize the heat input to the boiler 30. That is, in order to keep the power generation amount constant, it is necessary to stabilize the amount of heat held by the combustion gas supplied from the incinerator 10 to the boiler 30 and to keep the heat input to the boiler 30 stable.

  <Configuration of Incinerator 10> The incinerator 10 includes a dust supply device 40 for supplying waste into the furnace. The dust feeder 40 includes a waste charging hopper 41 and a dust feeder main body 42. The waste input hopper 41 is a portion into which waste is input from outside the furnace. The dust feeder main body 42 is located at the bottom of the waste charging hopper 41 and is configured to be movable in the horizontal direction. The dust supply apparatus main body 42 supplies the waste thrown into the waste throwing hopper 41 to the downstream side. The movement speed, the number of movements per unit time, the movement amount (stroke), and the stroke end position (movement range) are controlled by the control device 90. The dust feeding device may be of a type that moves at a slight angle with respect to the horizontal direction.

  The waste supplied into the furnace by the dust supply device 40 is supplied by the transport unit 20 in the order of the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13. The transport unit 20 includes a drying grate 21 provided in the drying unit 11, a combustion grate 22 provided in the combustion unit 12, and a post-combustion grate 23 provided in the post-combustion unit 13. Yes. Therefore, the conveyance part 20 is comprised from the multistage grate. Each grate is provided on the bottom surface of each part, on which waste is placed.

  The grate is composed of a movable grate and a fixed grate arranged side by side in the waste transport direction, and the movable grate operates in the order of forward, stop, reverse, stop, etc. While transporting to the downstream side, the waste can be agitated. By increasing (decelerating) the operation speed of the movable grate, the waste conveying speed can be increased (decelerated). Moreover, the conveyance speed of a waste can be increased (decelerated) by shortening (longening) the stop time of a movable grate. Moreover, the grate is arranged side by side with a gap of a size that allows gas to pass through.

  The drying unit 11 is a part for drying the waste supplied to the incinerator 10. The waste of the drying unit 11 is dried by the primary air supplied from below the drying grate 21 and the radiant heat of combustion in the adjacent combustion unit 12. At that time, pyrolysis gas is generated from the waste of the drying unit 11 by pyrolysis. Further, the waste of the drying unit 11 is conveyed toward the combustion unit 12 by the drying grate 21.

  The combustion unit 12 is a part that mainly burns the waste dried in the drying unit 11. In the combustion unit 12, the waste mainly causes flame combustion to generate a flame. Waste in the combustion unit 12, ash generated by combustion, and unburned unburned material are conveyed toward the rear combustion unit 13 by the combustion grate 22. Further, the combustion gas and flame generated in the combustion unit 12 pass through the throttle unit 17 and flow toward the rear combustion unit 13. The combustion grate 22 is provided at the same height as the dry grate 21, but may be provided at a position lower than the dry grate 21.

  The post-combustion unit 13 is a part for burning waste (unburned material) that could not be combusted in the combustion unit 12. In the post-combustion unit 13, combustion of unburned material that could not be combusted in the combustion unit 12 is promoted by the radiant heat of the combustion gas and the primary air. As a result, most of the unburned material becomes ash, and the unburned material decreases. The ash generated in the post-combustion unit 13 is conveyed toward the chute 24 by the post-combustion grate 23 provided on the bottom surface of the post-combustion unit 13. The ash conveyed to the chute 24 is discharged outside the waste incineration facility 100. The post-combustion grate 23 of this embodiment is provided at a position lower than the combustion grate 22, but may be provided at the same height as the combustion grate 22.

  As described above, since the reaction that occurs in the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13 is different, each wall surface has a configuration that corresponds to the reaction that occurs. For example, since flame combustion occurs in the combustion unit 12, a structure having a higher fire resistance level than that of the drying unit 11 is employed.

  The recombustion part 14 is a part which burns the unburned gas contained in the combustion gas. The recombustion unit 14 extends upward from the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13, and secondary air is supplied in the middle thereof. As a result, the combustion gas is mixed and agitated with the secondary air, and the unburned gas contained in the combustion gas is burned in the reburning section 14. Combustion that occurs in the combustion section 12 and the post-combustion section 13 is referred to as primary combustion, and combustion that occurs in the recombustion section 14 (that is, combustion of unburned gas remaining in the primary combustion) is referred to as secondary combustion.

  The gas supply device 50 is a device that supplies gas into the furnace. The gas supply device 50 according to this embodiment includes a primary air supply unit 51, a secondary air supply unit 52, and an exhaust gas supply unit 53. Each supply part is comprised by the air blower for attracting | sucking or sending out gas.

  In this specification, the gas supplied for primary combustion is called primary combustion gas. The primary combustion gas includes primary air, circulating exhaust gas, and mixed gas thereof. The primary air is air taken from outside and is not used for combustion or the like (that is, excluding circulating exhaust gas). Therefore, the primary air includes a gas obtained by heating air taken from the outside. Similarly, in this specification, the gas supplied for secondary combustion is called secondary combustion gas. Secondary combustion gas includes secondary air, circulating exhaust gas, and mixed gas thereof. The definition of secondary air is the same as primary air.

  The primary air supply unit 51 supplies primary air into the furnace via the primary air supply path 71. The primary air supply path 71 is branched into a first supply path 71a, a second supply path 71b, and a third supply path 71c. A heater may be provided in the primary air supply path 71 so that the temperature of the primary air supplied to each part can be adjusted.

  The first supply path 71 a is a path for supplying primary air to the drying stage wind box 25 provided below the drying grate 21. A first damper 81 is provided in the first supply path 71a, and the supply amount of primary air supplied to the dry-stage wind box 25 can be adjusted. The first damper 81 is controlled by the control device 90.

  The second supply path 71 b is a path for supplying primary air to the combustion stage wind box 26 provided below the combustion grate 22. A second damper 82 is provided in the second supply path 71b, and the supply amount of primary air supplied to the combustion stage wind box 26 can be adjusted. The second damper 82 is controlled by the control device 90.

  The third supply path 71 c is a path for supplying primary air to the post-combustion stage wind box 27 provided below the post-combustion grate 23. A third damper 83 is provided in the third supply path 71c, and the supply amount of primary air supplied to the post-combustion stage wind box 27 can be adjusted. The third damper 83 is controlled by the control device 90.

  The secondary air supply unit 52 supplies secondary air from the upper part (ceiling part) to the air gas holding space 16 of the incinerator 10 through the secondary air supply path 72, and combustion gas is generated by the throttle unit 17. Secondary air is supplied to the direction changing portion (near the throttle portion 17). Moreover, the 4th damper 84 controlled by the control apparatus 90 is provided in the secondary air supply path 72, and the supply amount of the secondary air to each part can be adjusted.

  The exhaust gas supply unit 53 supplies (recirculates) the exhaust gas discharged from the waste incineration facility 100 into the furnace via the circulating exhaust gas supply path 73. The exhaust gas discharged from the waste incineration facility 100 is purified by a filtration type dust collector 60, and a part of the exhaust gas is incinerated from both side surfaces (the front side and the back side of the page) of the combustion unit 12 by the exhaust gas supply unit 53. Supplied to the furnace 10. The position where the exhaust gas is supplied is not particularly limited. For example, the exhaust gas may be supplied from the upper side (ceiling part) of the incinerator 10, or may be supplied only from one side surface. By supplying the exhaust gas to the incinerator 10, the oxygen concentration in the incinerator 10 is reduced, and a local excessive increase in the combustion temperature can be suppressed. As a result, generation of NOx can be suppressed. The circulating exhaust gas supply path 73 is provided with a fifth damper 85 that is controlled by the control device 90, and the supply amount of the circulating exhaust gas can be adjusted.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the incinerator 10 is provided with a plurality of sensors for grasping the combustion state and the like. Specifically, an incinerator gas temperature sensor 91, an incinerator outlet gas temperature sensor 92, a CO gas concentration sensor 93, a NOx gas concentration sensor 94, and an infrared camera 95 are provided.

  The incinerator gas temperature sensor 91 is disposed in the incinerator 10 (for example, downstream of the air gas holding space 16 and upstream of the post-combustion unit 13), and detects the gas temperature in the incinerator and controls the controller 90. Output to. The incinerator outlet gas temperature sensor 92 is disposed in the vicinity of the outlet of the incinerator 10 (for example, downstream of the recombustion unit 14 and upstream of the boiler 30), and detects the temperature of the incinerator outlet gas and outputs it to the control device 90. To do. The CO gas concentration sensor 93 is disposed downstream of the dust collector 60, detects the CO gas concentration contained in the exhaust gas (incinerator exhaust CO gas concentration), and outputs it to the control device 90. The NOx gas concentration sensor 94 is disposed downstream of the dust collector 60, detects the NOx gas concentration (incinerator exhaust NOx gas concentration) contained in the exhaust gas, and outputs it to the control device 90.

  In the present embodiment, two infrared cameras 95 are provided. Each infrared camera 95 has the same structure. Three or more infrared cameras 95 may be provided. A plurality of infrared cameras 95 are provided for the purpose of creating a three-dimensional thermal image (an image showing the temperature distribution three-dimensionally). Therefore, the relative positions of the plurality of infrared cameras 95 are stored in advance. The infrared camera 95 may be a device whose main purpose is to capture a still image or a device whose main purpose is to capture a moving image. Since a moving image is a plurality of continuous still images, the function of acquiring a thermal image is the same for any device.

  The infrared camera 95 acquires a thermal image in the furnace by detecting infrared radiation emitted from an object in the furnace. The thermal image acquired by each infrared camera 95 is an image showing the temperature distribution in the furnace viewed from the viewpoint of the infrared camera 95. A viewpoint shows the position where the infrared camera 95 which is a measuring device is arrange | positioned. Moreover, the infrared camera 95 of this embodiment acquires the thermal image in a furnace via the selective transmission filter 95a. The selective transmission filter 95a is a filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength (for example, 3.9 μm band) that is not emitted by the flame. In addition, the term “flame does not radiate” here means that the light intensity is significantly lower (almost no irradiation) compared to other wavelengths of light emitted by the flame, and that the flame does not radiate at all. It does not indicate. By acquiring a thermal image inside the furnace through the selective transmission filter 95a, a thermal image of an object other than the flame can be acquired. In other words, it is possible to acquire a thermal image of an object behind the flame through the flame. In the present embodiment, the selective transmission filter 95a is configured integrally with the infrared camera 95, but may be a separate body. That is, the selective transmission filter 95a may be disposed on the path through which light passes in the furnace, and the transmitted light that has passed through the selective transmission filter 95a may be processed by a normal infrared camera.

  In the present embodiment, the infrared camera 95 is mainly intended to acquire a thermal image of the combustion unit 12. Furthermore, the thermal image of the waste accumulated on the combustion grate 22 is the main observation target. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, a direction perpendicular to both the waste conveyance direction and the vertical direction (vertical direction) is referred to as a furnace width direction. Moreover, the wall provided in the edge part of a furnace width direction is called a side wall. By providing the infrared camera 95 on the side wall of the combustion unit 12 or the post-combustion unit 13, it is possible to observe the waste of the combustion unit 12. However, since the side wall of the combustor 12 is likely to become very hot, it is difficult to install the infrared camera 95 or a high-cost heat-resistant structure is required. Therefore, in this embodiment, the infrared camera 95 is provided in the back wall 13a which is a wall located downstream of the post-combustion unit 13 in the transport direction. The infrared camera 95 acquires infrared rays through the window portion 13b formed in the back wall 13a. Here, the downstream side in the transport direction with respect to the post-combustion unit 13 is not a path along which the waste falls on the chute 24 but a direction along an extension line drawn in a direction in which the waste is transported by the post-combustion grate 23. It is. That is, the back wall 13a intersects with the straight line extending from the rear combustion unit 13 to the downstream side in the transport direction.

  Further, the infrared camera 95 is disposed above the combustion grate 22 and above the waste deposited on the combustion grate 22 so that the surface (upper surface) of the waste in the combustion unit 12 can be observed. It is preferred that Further, when the throttle unit 17 is present, the infrared camera 95 is located at a position where the throttle unit 17 does not interfere (for example, a position that is the same as or lower than the throttle unit 17 or a position that is lower than the reburning unit 14). Is preferably provided. Furthermore, in order to observe the surface of the waste of the combustion part 12 more precisely, it is preferable to make the viewpoint direction obliquely downward.

  In addition, since the back wall 13a is low temperature compared with the side wall of the combustion part 12, what is necessary is just to provide a comparatively simple heat-resistant structure (for example, comparatively cheap heat-resistant glass). Further, the main observation target of the infrared camera 95 is the waste of the combustion unit 12, but it is more preferable that the waste of the post-combustion unit 13 can be further observed (the reason will be described later). Also from this viewpoint, it is preferable to provide the infrared camera 95 on the back wall 13a. In addition, it is not essential to provide the infrared camera 95 in the back wall 13a, for example, you may provide in the ceiling part in a furnace. Further, if it is possible to provide a sufficient heat-resistant structure, an infrared camera 95 may be provided on the side wall of the combustion unit 12 or the post-combustion unit 13. Further, only one of the two infrared cameras 95 may be provided other than the back wall 13a. Further, the infrared camera 95 may be configured to change the imaging range of the thermal image. The infrared camera 95 may be able to change the imaging range without stopping the incinerator 10.

  <Processing Performed by Control Device> The control device 90 includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like, performs various calculations, and controls the entire waste incineration facility 100. Similarly, the image processing device 96 includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like, and performs a process (image synthesis process) for creating a three-dimensional thermal image based on the thermal images acquired by the two infrared cameras 95. it can. In the present embodiment, the control device 90 and the image processing device 96 are separate hardware, but one piece of hardware may have the functions of both the control device 90 and the image processing device 96. Hereinafter, combustion control performed by the control device 90, particularly control performed by analyzing a three-dimensional thermal image, will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the control performed by the control device 90 in order to stabilize the combustion.

  First, the control device 90 stores a three-dimensional thermal image created by the image processing device 96 based on thermal images acquired by a plurality (two) of infrared cameras 95 (S101). Since the process of creating a three-dimensional thermal image from a plurality of thermal images is a known technique, it will be briefly described. Here, in order to distinguish between the two infrared cameras 95, a description may be given with the first and second attached. Since the thermal image acquired by the infrared camera 95 of the present embodiment does not include a flame, the thermal image acquired by the first infrared camera has a temperature distribution on the surface of the waste viewed from the position of the first infrared camera. Appears. The same applies to the second infrared camera. And it specifies where the specific location A on the surface of the waste is displayed on each of the two thermal images. As described above, since the positional relationship between the first infrared camera and the second infrared camera is known, the distance from the first or second infrared camera to the specific location A of the waste can be calculated based on trigonometry or the like. By performing this process on other portions of the waste surface, the position (three-dimensional coordinates) of the waste surface can be specified.

  In addition, when using a camera that acquires a color image or a luminance image instead of an infrared camera, since there is a flame on the surface of the waste of the combustion unit 12, the flame becomes an obstacle and the position of the surface of the waste is determined. It can not be identified. Further, when only the infrared camera is used without using the selective transmission filter 95a, since the infrared ray emitted from the flame is detected instead of the infrared ray emitted from the waste surface, the position of the waste surface is determined. It can not be identified. Therefore, by using the selective transmission filter 95a and the infrared camera 95 of this embodiment, the position of the waste in the combustion unit 12 can be accurately specified.

  Next, the control device 90 calculates (1) time variation of thickness, (2) time variation of surface moving speed, and (3) combustion unit residence time for the waste of the combustion unit 12 (S102). ). Since these values are used to correct the control value of the combustion control, these values are referred to as correction data.

  Regarding (1) above, the thickness of the waste is the length along the vertical direction from the combustion grate 22 to the surface of the waste, as shown in FIG. The position of the surface (upper surface) of the combustion grate 22 is stored in advance in the control device 90 or the like. Further, the position of the surface of the waste can be specified based on the three-dimensional thermal image. Therefore, the thickness of the waste can be calculated by comparing these two positions (coordinates). Although it is possible to calculate the thickness of the waste according to both the conveyance direction and the furnace width direction (although the treatment may actually be performed), in this embodiment, in order to simplify the treatment The thickness of the waste according to only the transport direction is calculated. Moreover, when the thickness of the waste differs in the furnace width direction, the representative value is determined using an average in the furnace width direction.

  As described above, based on a single three-dimensional thermal image, the distribution of the thickness of the waste in the combustion unit 12 according to the conveyance direction at a certain time can be calculated. Since the three-dimensional thermal image is sequentially created, the thickness of the waste is calculated in the same manner for the newly created three-dimensional thermal image. In this way, the control device 90 calculates the temporal change in the thickness of the waste and stores it in a predetermined storage unit.

  The significance of calculating the change in the thickness of the waste over time is as follows. That is, the waste accumulated in the combustion section 12 undergoes thermal decomposition and discharges pyrolysis gas in accordance with the combustion operation (feed operation) of the combustion grate 22, and the mass and volume are reduced. That is, the time change of the thickness of the waste indicates the progress of the thermal decomposition of the waste, and is a kind of index of the degree of progress of the combustion operation. Therefore, in this embodiment, combustion control is performed based on the time change of the thickness of the waste.

  Regarding the above (2), the movement speed of the waste surface is a speed at which the surface of the waste moves in the transport direction, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, a thick line is drawn in a relatively thick portion for easy understanding, and this portion is shown moving. Since the shape of the surface of the waste appears in the 3D thermal image, it is possible to obtain how the surface of the waste is moving based on the 3D thermal image created in time series. Therefore, the moving speed of the specific part of the waste can be calculated based on the moving distance of the specific part of the surface of the waste and the time interval when the three-dimensional thermal image is acquired. Although it is possible to calculate the moving speed of the waste according to both the transport direction and the furnace width direction (although the processing may actually be performed), in this embodiment, according to only the transport direction. Calculate the movement speed of the waste. Further, when the moving speed of the waste differs in the furnace width direction, the representative value is determined using an average in the furnace width direction.

  As described above, it is possible to calculate the distribution of the movement speed of the waste in the combustion unit 12 according to the conveyance direction. Since the three-dimensional thermal image is sequentially created, a new movement speed of the waste is calculated using the newly created three-dimensional thermal image and the past three-dimensional thermal image. In this way, the control device 90 calculates the temporal change in the moving speed of the waste and stores it in a predetermined storage unit.

  The significance of calculating the temporal change in the moving speed of waste is as follows. That is, the temporal change in the movement speed of the waste is the actual speed at which the waste accumulated in the combustion section 12 is sent in the feed direction while reducing the volume by the combustion operation (feed operation) of the combustion grate 22. It is an indicator of how the waste has been “moved” by the combustion operation. Therefore, in this embodiment, combustion control is performed based on the temporal change of the moving speed of the waste.

  Regarding (3) above, the combustion part residence time is the time during which the waste accumulated in the combustion part 12 stays in the combustion part 12. In other words, it is the time that has elapsed from when each waste reaches the combustion section 12 until the present time. As described above, the moving speed of the surface of the waste according to the conveyance direction and according to the time is calculated. Accordingly, it is possible to calculate the combustion part residence time of the waste according to the conveyance direction. Since the three-dimensional thermal image is created sequentially, the waste combustion portion residence time is similarly calculated (updated) using the newly created three-dimensional thermal image. In this way, the control device 90 calculates the combustion part residence time of the waste and stores it in a predetermined storage unit.

  The significance of calculating the combustion part residence time of waste is as follows. In other words, the combustion part residence time is such that the waste accumulated in the combustion part 12 is combusted by the combustion operation (feeding operation) of the combustion grate 22, thermal decomposition occurs, and the pyrolysis gas is discharged. Is the information related to the time (hereinafter referred to as thermal decomposition time) required until the completion of the process until the state where the combustible component is almost only unburned carbon (the state where flame combustion is not formed). That is, the residence time of the waste according to the conveyance direction of the combustion unit 12 is calculated and updated, and the combustion unit residence time when the waste reaches the downstream end (or burnout point position) of the combustion unit 12. Corresponds to the pyrolysis time. The thermal decomposition time is a numerical value indicating how easily the waste accumulated in the combustion part 12 is burned / difficult to burn. In the waste incineration facility 100, the combustion section residence time has a strong correlation with the energy generated per unit mass due to the combustion held by the waste, and thus can be used as an index indicating the energy potential held by the waste. is there. Therefore, in this embodiment, combustion control is performed based on the combustion part residence time.

  Next, the control device 90 specifies the burn-out point position based on the time change of the thickness of the waste (S103). The burnout point position is the amount of pyrolysis gas generated as a result of the decrease in the amount of “components that can generate pyrolysis gas by heating” contained in the waste as the pyrolysis gasification reaction progresses. As the gas is gradually reduced, the combustion flame cannot be maintained with the finally reduced amount of pyrolysis gas. Therefore, there will be a large difference in the amount of pyrolysis gas generated before and after the burnout point position, and the amount of waste and volume reduction per unit time will change significantly before and after the burnout point position. It will be. From this, it is possible to calculate the position where the amount of change in the thickness of the waste over time (the amount of decrease per unit time) exceeds the threshold as the burn-out point position. Note that the burnout point position is not constant in the furnace width direction, as is the thickness of the waste. However, in the present embodiment, in order to simplify the processing, the burnout point position corresponding to the furnace width direction is not calculated (as a matter of course, it can be calculated) as with the thickness of the waste.

  Conventionally, the burnout point position is generally calculated by specifying a flame position by analyzing a color image or a luminance image instead of a thermal image. However, this conventional method has the following two problems.

  First, accurate identification cannot be performed unless there is a flame in the vicinity of the burnout point position. In the combustion (oxidation) of the combustible gas that proceeds in the incinerator 10, flame combustion that forms a flame occurs or does not form a flame, depending on the concentration balance between the combustible pyrolysis gas and the oxygen with which it reacts. It is determined whether the oxidation reaction proceeds gradually. Therefore, even in the “pre-burnout state” where a relatively large amount of pyrolysis gas is generated, depending on the concentration balance between oxygen and pyrolysis gas, it may not be possible to form a flame. Then, even in the “state before burning out” in which a relatively large amount of pyrolysis gas is generated, there is a risk of determining that “there is no flame” and “state after burning out”.

  The second is that it is difficult to accurately specify the burn-off point position when the properties of the wastes arranged in the furnace width direction are greatly different. Explaining in detail, when viewed in the furnace width direction, even if it is in the “state after (or immediately after) burning out”, the waste in the “state before burning” that generates a considerable amount of pyrolysis gas When locally present in a part, a local strong (long) flame may be formed from this part. In that case, when considered in the furnace width direction, even if it is already almost in the “state after (or immediately after) burning out”, the entire portion is changed to “the state before burning out” by the local strong (long) flame. There was a risk of judging.

  In this respect, in the present embodiment, the position of the burnout point is specified using the thickness of the waste excluding the flame, so that the position of the burnout point can be specified without being affected by the flame.

  Note that there is a possibility that the burn-out point position exists not in the combustion part 12 but in the rear combustion part 13. Even in such a case, in order to specify the burnout point position, the above-described three correction data (especially the time variation of the thickness of the waste used for specifying the burnout point position), and the correction data are The process of calculating the three-dimensional thermal image for calculation is preferably performed not only on the combustion unit 12 but also on the waste of the post-combustion unit 13. In this regard, as described above, since the infrared camera 95 is provided on the back wall 13a in this embodiment, a thermal image of the waste in the post-combustion unit 13 can be acquired. In addition, since it is unlikely that the burn-out point position is located at the downstream end of the post-combustion unit 13 or in the vicinity thereof, for example, only the portion of the post-combustion unit 13 upstream of the center in the conveyance direction is corrected. It is sufficient to create a three-dimensional thermal image.

  Next, the control device 90 specifies whether or not the burnout point position has moved to the upstream side based on the time change of the burnout point position (S104). For example, when the amount of gasification pyrolysis component contained in the waste supplied to the incinerator 10 (the amount of the component gasified by pyrolysis) is reduced, the waste is actually burned in the combustion section 12 to cause flame combustion. The time required for (actual combustion time) is shortened. Therefore, the actual combustion time is shorter than the assumed combustion time of waste that is assumed in advance (difference occurs). In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, since combustion is completed in the middle part of the combustion unit 12, the combustion part 12 is burned out in the middle part (the burnout point position moves upstream). If this state is left as it is, the position where the combustion in the combustion section 12 is performed and the position where the post-combustion in the post-combustion section 13 is moved gradually move upstream, so that stable combustion is achieved. It cannot be maintained.

  In order to prevent this, the control device 90 basically determines that the burn-out point position has moved upstream (in the case of Yes in S104), the waste conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 ( Hereinafter, the conveyance speed is simply increased (S105). As described above, in order to increase the conveyance speed, the operation speed of the movable grate of the combustion grate 22 is increased, or instead of or in addition, the stop time of the movable grate of the combustion grate 22 To shorten. The operation speed or stop time of the movable grate is an example of a control value in controlling the conveyance speed. Thereby, the situation where the combustion position of each part on the combustion grate 22 moves to an upstream side can be prevented. Therefore, the burn-out point position can be within an appropriate range, and stable combustion can be maintained.

  However, based on the fact that the information on the burnout point position used for the determination when the conveying speed of the combustion grate 22 is increased is information on waste that has already been combusted (past information), More stable combustion can be maintained by correcting the degree of increase in the conveyance speed based on the correction data, which is information relating to the properties of the waste in the section 12. In the process of step S105 and other processes, when correction based on the correction data is performed, the time change of the thickness of the waste, the time change of the moving speed of the waste surface, and the residence time of the combustion part of the waste Correction is performed using at least one of the above.

  Specifically, when the decrease in the thickness of the waste is accelerating (that is, when the amount of decrease in thickness per unit time (positive) is large), the actual combustion time is further shorter than the assumed combustion time. Therefore, it may be preferable to further increase the conveyance speed. Similarly, when the movement speed of the waste surface is accelerating, the actual combustion time tends to be shorter than the assumed combustion time, and therefore it may be preferable to further increase the conveyance speed. And when the combustion residence time of the waste is reduced, that is, when the waste in the middle of the combustion section 12 reaches the downstream end, it is estimated that the combustion residence time will be shorter than the present time. Similarly, since the actual combustion time tends to be shorter than the assumed combustion time, it may be preferable to further increase the conveyance speed.

  The combustion that occurs in the incinerator 10 varies greatly depending on the shape and structure of the incinerator 10 and the waste that is input. Further, the target combustion state varies greatly depending on the required processing amount, the durability of the incinerator 10, and the regulations on exhaust gas. For this reason, there may be a case where the control for increasing the conveyance speed is not performed even when the burnout point position is moved upstream. Similarly, for the correction of the conveyance speed based on the correction data, there is a possibility that a correction opposite to the above is performed. Note that the control device 90 determines whether or not the speed of the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 needs to be increased, and whether or not the burn-out point position has moved upstream, correction data, It is preferable to determine based on detection data (for example, detection data of the incinerator gas temperature sensor 91 to the NOx gas concentration sensor 94, etc.).

  When the control device 90 specifies that the burnout point position has not moved upstream (in the case of No in S104), the burnout point position moves downstream based on the time change of the burnout point position. It is specified whether or not (S106).

  For example, when the amount of gasification pyrolysis component contained in the waste supplied to the incinerator 10 increases, the actual combustion time for burning the waste in the combustion unit 12 becomes longer. Therefore, the actual combustion time becomes longer than the assumed combustion time of waste that is assumed in advance (difference occurs). In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, combustion is not completed even at the downstream end of the combustion unit 12, so that it is burned out in the middle of the rear combustion unit 13 (the burn-out point position is on the downstream side). Will move).

  If this state is left as it is, the respective positions of combustion on the grate and post-combustion will gradually move downstream, and stable combustion cannot be maintained. In order to prevent this, the control device 90 basically decelerates the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 when it is determined that the burn-out point position has moved downstream (Yes in S106) ( S107). As described above, in order to reduce the conveyance speed, the operation speed of the movable grate of the combustion grate 22 is reduced, or instead of or in addition, the stop time of the movable grate of the combustion grate 22 is lengthened. To do. Thereby, the situation where the combustion position of each part on a grate moves to the downstream side can be prevented. Therefore, the burn-out point position can be within an appropriate range, and stable combustion can be maintained.

  Even when the transport speed is decelerated, it is preferable to perform correction based on the correction data for the same reason as described above. Specifically, when the reduction in the thickness of the waste is accelerating, the actual combustion time tends to be shorter than the assumed combustion time, and therefore it may be preferable to reduce the degree to which the conveyance speed is decelerated. Similarly, when the moving speed of the waste surface is accelerating, the actual combustion time tends to be shorter than the assumed combustion time, so it may be preferable to reduce the degree of reduction of the conveyance speed. . Similarly, when the combustion residence time of the waste is reduced, there is a high possibility that the actual combustion time will be shorter than the assumed combustion time, so it may be preferable to reduce the degree of reduction of the conveyance speed. . Note that, for the reason described in the correction at the time of increasing the conveyance speed, depending on the circumstances such as the environment, the correction of the conveyance speed based on the correction data may be performed opposite to the above. Also in the control at the time of deceleration of the conveyance speed, it is preferable to determine the control value based on still another detection data.

  Further, assuming that there is a difference between the actual combustion time and the estimated combustion time of the waste that is assumed in advance, changing the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 is actually supplied from the dry grate 21 to the combustion grate 22. This means that the properties of the waste that are being used are already different from the conventional assumptions. As a result, if the conveying speed of the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 is the same as that in the conventional state, the time required for drying and post-combustion has already changed, so stable combustion cannot be maintained. .

  In order to prevent this, the controller 90 changes the property of the waste that is the cause of the change in the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 when the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 is changed (Yes in S104 or S106). Depending on the state of change, the conveying speed of the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 is changed (S108). Note that the controller 90 determines whether or not to change the conveyance speed of the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 and the amount to be changed, not only the amount of change in the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22, but also other detection data. It is preferable to determine based on the above.

  Even when the transport speeds of the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 are changed, it is preferable to perform correction based on the correction data for the same reason as described above. Basically, it is preferable to change the conveying speed of the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 as in the case of the combustion grate 22, but the waste present in the dry grate 21 is changed to the post-combustion grate 23. There is a correlation between the time lag until arrival (in other words, the difference in the properties of waste in each part), the drying time in the drying unit 11, the combustion time in the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion time in the post-combustion unit 13. It is also conceivable that it is preferable to perform control different from the above for reasons such as being unable to say.

  Next, the control device 90 adjusts at least one of the first damper 81 to the fifth damper 85 according to the state of change in the property of the waste that is the cause of the change in the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22. Thus, the supply amounts of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas are adjusted (S109). That is, the opening degree of the first damper 81 to the fifth damper 85 is an example of the control value. Conventionally, the supply amounts of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas are adjusted using, for example, the detection data of the NOx gas concentration sensor 94 from the gas temperature sensor 91 in the incinerator.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, in addition to other detection data, based on the moving direction of the burnout point position (moving upstream or downstream), the primary combustion gas and Adjust the supply amount of secondary combustion gas. Here, if the burnout point position moves to the upstream side and the conveyance speed of each grate is increased, generally the generation of pyrolysis gas per hour is related to the properties of the waste. As the amount decreases, the amount of primary combustion gas per unit time (including unburned gas such as CO) generated by performing primary combustion decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the supply amount of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas. On the other hand, if the flame combustion start position has moved downstream and the transport speed of each grate has been reduced, generally the amount of pyrolysis gas generated per hour is related to the properties of the waste. And the amount of primary combustion gas per hour generated by performing primary combustion increases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the supply amount of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas.

  Even when the supply amounts of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas are changed, it is preferable to perform correction based on the correction data for the same reason as described above. Specifically, when the reduction in the thickness of the waste is accelerating, the combustion time tends to be shortened (the burn-out point position tends to move upstream), so the primary combustion gas and secondary combustion It may be preferable to reduce the amount of gas supplied. Similarly, when the moving speed of the waste surface is accelerating, the combustion time tends to be shortened, so it may be preferable to reduce the supply amount of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas. is there. Similarly, when the combustion residence time of the waste is reduced, it may be preferable to reduce the supply amount of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas because the combustion time tends to be shortened. . In addition, for the reason explained in the correction at the time of increasing the conveyance speed, the correction of the supply amount of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas may be performed opposite to the above depending on the circumstances such as the environment. There is also sex.

  Moreover, since the property of waste may change constantly, the control apparatus 90 performs the process after step S101 again after the process of step S107. As a result, even if the properties of the waste change, it can be corrected so that the progress of the drying and combustion of the waste is appropriate, so that the position of the burn-out point is within an appropriate range and stable. Can maintain proper combustion.

  As described above, the method of the present embodiment is composed of a grate divided into a drying unit 11, a combustion unit 12, and a post-combustion unit 13, and operates intermittently with waste accumulated. This is performed on the incinerator 10 including the transport unit 20 that transports the waste and supplies the primary combustion gas through the grate. This three-dimensional thermal image creation method performs processing including a thermal image acquisition step and a three-dimensional thermal image creation step. In the thermal image acquisition process, wastes accumulated in the combustion unit 12 are observed through a selective transmission filter 95a that selectively transmits light having a wavelength that is not emitted by a flame, using a plurality of infrared cameras 95 having different viewpoints. A plurality of thermal images with different viewpoints are acquired. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation process, image synthesis processing is performed on a plurality of thermal images acquired from different viewpoints acquired in the thermal image acquisition process, so that the three-dimensional thermal image is transported while being deposited on the combustion grate 22 of the combustion unit 12. Create a three-dimensional thermal image of the waste.

  Thereby, since the three-dimensional thermal image which removed the flame with respect to the waste accumulated on the combustion grate 22 of the combustion part 12 can be created, the detailed shape and movement of the waste can be sufficiently detected. .

  Further, in the three-dimensional thermal image creation method of the present embodiment, the wall portion intersects with a straight line extending from the post-combustion unit 13 to the downstream side (the right side in FIG. 1) of the post-combustion unit 13 in the waste conveyance direction. At least one infrared camera 95 is provided on the back wall 13a.

  Thereby, compared with the structure which arrange | positions the infrared camera 95 in the side wall of the combustion part 12, a heat-resistant structure can be simplified. Moreover, it becomes possible to observe not only the combustion part 12 but also the waste of the post-combustion part 13 at the same time.

  In the in-furnace situation determination method of the present embodiment, the in-furnace situation is determined in order to control the combustion state of the incinerator 10 based on the three-dimensional thermal image created by the above-described three-dimensional thermal image creation method. .

  Thus, the combustion state can be controlled in consideration of not only the current waste state of the combustion unit 12 but also the future waste state of the combustion unit 12. Therefore, combustion can be further stabilized.

  In the in-furnace situation determination method of the present embodiment, the time change of the thickness of the waste on the combustion grate 22 is calculated for the waste in the combustion unit 12 based on a plurality of three-dimensional thermal images.

  In the in-furnace situation determination method of the present embodiment, the temporal change in the moving speed of the waste surface of the combustion unit 12 is calculated based on a plurality of three-dimensional thermal images.

  In the in-furnace situation determination method according to the present embodiment, combustion is a time during which the waste of the combustion unit 12 stays in the combustion unit 12 based on the time change of the moving speed of the waste surface of the combustion unit 12. The part residence time is calculated.

  As described above, in the combustion unit 12, it is possible to grasp the situation regarding how much thermal decomposition is proceeding due to the change in the property of the waste.

  In the in-furnace situation determination method of the present embodiment, the temporal change in the thickness of the waste on the combustion grate 22 is analyzed, and how the temporal change in the thickness of the waste changes in the waste transport direction. Based on this, the burnout point position is specified.

  Thus, unlike the configuration in which the flame is directly detected, an incorrect burnout point position due to the flame is not identified, and thus the burnout point position can be accurately identified.

  In the in-furnace situation determination method of the present embodiment, based on the time change of the specified burnout point position, whether the burnout point position has moved upstream in the transport direction or whether it has moved downstream in the transport direction. Identify.

  Thereby, in this embodiment, since a burnout point position can be specified correctly, the moving direction of a burnout point position can also be specified accurately.

  In the combustion control method of the present embodiment, when it is specified that the burnout point position has moved upstream in the transport direction, the waste transport speed by the combustion grate 22 of the combustion unit 12 is increased. Take control. When it is determined that the burnout point position has moved to the downstream side in the transport direction, control is performed to reduce the transport speed of the waste by the combustion grate 22 of the combustion unit 12.

  Thereby, since it can adjust so that a burnout point position may become appropriate, stable combustion can be maintained.

  In the combustion control method of the present embodiment, the process for calculating the time change in the thickness of the waste on the combustion grate 22, the process for calculating the time change in the moving speed of the waste surface of the combustion part 12, and the combustion part retention At least one of the processes for calculating the time is performed. While changing the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 of the combustion part 12, according to the state of the change of the property of the waste obtained by at least one of said processes, the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 Change the transport speed.

  Thereby, not only the conveyance speed of the combustion grate 22 but also the conveyance speeds of the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 can be changed to correct the entire fluctuation of the combustion state.

  In the combustion control method of the present embodiment, the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13 are based on whether the burn-out point position is moving upstream in the transport direction or downstream in the transport direction. The supply amount of the primary combustion gas supplied to at least one of the above is adjusted.

  Thereby, since excess and deficiency of the gas for primary combustion resulting from changing the conveyance speed of waste can be corrected, drying, combustion, and after-combustion can be performed more appropriately.

  In the combustion control method of the present embodiment, the incinerator 10 burns primary combustion gas including primary combustion performed in the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13 and unburned gas generated in the primary combustion. Secondary combustion is performed. The supply amount of the secondary combustion gas is adjusted based on whether the burnout point position is moving upstream in the conveying direction or downstream in the conveying direction.

  As a result, the progress of primary combustion (that is, the amount of primary combustion gas generated, etc.) can be estimated based on the moving direction of the burnout point position, and the supply amount of the secondary combustion gas is adjusted accordingly. Thus, the unburned gas contained in the primary combustion gas can be sufficiently burned in the secondary combustion.

  In the combustion control method of the present embodiment, at least one of the temporal change in the thickness of the waste on the combustion grate 22, the temporal change in the moving speed of the waste surface of the combustion part 12, and the combustion part residence time. Based on one of them, a control value for controlling the combustion state is determined.

  As a result, the control value can be corrected by using the information on the property of the waste in the combustion section 12 in addition to the burnout point position that is information on the waste that has been burned. Stable combustion more consistent with the waste in the combustion zone can be maintained.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the above configuration can be modified as follows, for example.

  In the embodiment described above, the process of creating a three-dimensional thermal image of the entire combustion unit 12 in the conveyance direction (from the upstream end to the downstream end) has been described. Instead, the control device 90 displays a three-dimensional thermal image of a part of the combusting unit 12 in the transport direction (for example, a part excluding the upstream end and the vicinity thereof, or a part downstream of the center in the transport direction). The structure to create may be sufficient.

  In the said embodiment, it is a structure provided only with the infrared camera 95 which acquires the thermal image containing a burnout point position as an apparatus which acquires the thermal image in a furnace. Instead of this, an existing imaging device (specifically, an imaging device that images a normal optical image in a range downstream from the center of the combustion grate 22 in the conveyance direction) may be further provided. .

  In the above-described embodiment, based on the moving direction of the burnout point position, the conveying speed of the post-combustion grate 23 (particularly the combustion grate 22) from the dry grate 21 and the supply of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas. However, in addition to the moving direction of the burn-out point position, a process for changing these values may be performed using the moving speed.

  In the above embodiment, correction is performed based on the correction data in all of steps S105, S107, S108, and S109. However, correction based on the correction data may be omitted for at least one of these processes. Further, in step S108, correction based on the correction data may be performed not on both the dry grate 21 and the post-combustion grate 23 but on only one of them. In step S109, the correction based on the correction data may be performed on only one of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas instead of both.

  In the above embodiment, the detection data used in the combustion control has been described with reference to the detection data of the incinerator gas temperature sensor 91, the incinerator outlet gas temperature sensor 92, the CO gas concentration sensor 93, and the NOx gas concentration sensor 94. The combustion control may be performed by omitting at least one detection data, or the combustion control may be performed by adding detection data different from the above. As another detection data, for example, the amount of boiler evaporation accompanying heat recovery from exhaust gas, or the amount of water spray cooling water when cooling by water spray can be used.

10 Incinerator (Waste incinerator)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Drying part 12 Combustion part 13 Post combustion part 13a Back wall 20 Conveying part 21 Drying grate 22 Combustion grate 23 Post combustion grate 90 Control apparatus 95 Infrared camera 96 Image processing apparatus

Claims (11)

In order to control the combustion state of the waste incinerator, in the in-furnace situation determination method for judging the in-furnace situation of the waste incinerator ,
It consists of a grate divided into a drying part, a combustion part, and a post-combustion part, and transports the waste by operating intermittently in a state where the waste is accumulated, and also through the grate. For the waste incinerator provided with a transport section for supplying combustion gas,
Using a plurality of infrared cameras with different viewpoints, the waste accumulated in the combustion section is observed through a selective transmission filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength that is not emitted by the flame, and a plurality of viewpoints with different viewpoints are observed. A thermal image acquisition step of acquiring a thermal image of
Three-dimensional heat of the waste conveyed while being deposited on the grate of the combustion unit by performing image synthesis processing on a plurality of thermal images acquired from different viewpoints acquired in the thermal image acquisition step A three-dimensional thermal image creation process for creating an image;
While calculating the time change of the thickness of the waste on the grate for the waste of the combustion part based on the three-dimensional thermal image at a plurality of times created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, A calculation step of calculating a temporal change in the moving speed of the surface of the waste in the combustion unit based on the three-dimensional thermal image at time;
A method for determining an in- furnace situation characterized by performing a process including : In order to control the combustion state of the waste incinerator, in the in-furnace situation determination method for judging the in-furnace situation of the waste incinerator ,
It consists of a grate divided into a drying part, a combustion part, and a post-combustion part, and transports the waste by operating intermittently in a state where the waste is accumulated, and also through the grate. For the waste incinerator provided with a transport section for supplying combustion gas,
Using a plurality of infrared cameras with different viewpoints, the waste accumulated in the combustion section is observed through a selective transmission filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength that is not emitted by the flame, and a plurality of viewpoints with different viewpoints are observed. A thermal image acquisition step of acquiring a thermal image of
Three-dimensional heat of the waste conveyed while being deposited on the grate of the combustion unit by performing image synthesis processing on a plurality of thermal images acquired from different viewpoints acquired in the thermal image acquisition step A three-dimensional thermal image creation process for creating an image;
A calculation step of calculating a time change of the thickness of the waste on the grate for the waste of the combustion unit based on the three-dimensional thermal image at a plurality of times created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step;
Identify the position of the burnout point based on how the time variation of the thickness of the waste on the grate changes in the waste transport direction by analyzing the time variation of the thickness of the waste on the grate Process,
A method for determining an in-furnace situation characterized by performing a process including: A method for determining an in- furnace situation according to claim 1 or 2,
From the post-combustion unit, the wall portion intersecting the straight line extending to the waste conveying direction of the downstream side of the post-combustion unit, furnace conditions determination method, characterized in that at least one of said infrared camera is provided . The in-furnace situation determination method according to claim 2 ,
A method for determining an in-furnace situation, wherein a temporal change in the moving speed of the surface of the waste in the combustion section is calculated based on the three-dimensional thermal images at a plurality of times . A method for determining an in-furnace situation according to claim 1 or 4 ,
A combustion part residence time, which is a time during which the waste of the combustion part stays in the combustion part, is calculated based on a time change of the moving speed of the surface of the waste of the combustion part. In-furnace situation judgment method. The in-furnace situation determination method according to claim 2 ,
In-furnace situation characterized by identifying whether the burn-out point position has moved to the upstream side in the transport direction or the downstream side in the transport direction, based on the time change of the specified burn-out point position Judgment method. A combustion control method for controlling combustion in the waste incinerator using the in-furnace situation determination method according to claim 6 ,
When it is specified that the burnout point position has moved upstream in the transport direction, control is performed to increase the transport speed of the waste by the grate of the combustion unit,
When it is specified that the burn-out point position has moved to the downstream side in the conveyance direction, a combustion control method is performed to control to reduce the waste conveyance speed by the grate of the combustion unit. . A combustion control method according to claim 7 ,
In the in-furnace situation determination method,
A process for calculating a time change of the thickness of the waste on the grate,
A process for calculating a temporal change in the moving speed of the surface of the waste in the combustion unit based on the three-dimensional thermal image at a plurality of times ;
At least one of processes for calculating a combustion part residence time, which is a time during which the waste of the combustion part stays in the combustion part, based on a temporal change in the moving speed of the surface of the waste in the combustion part And
The change in the property of the waste obtained by the in-furnace situation determination method is a cause of the change in the conveyance speed of the grate in the combustion section and the conveyance speed of the grate in the combustion section. The combustion control method characterized by changing the conveyance speed of the grate of the drying part and the grate of the post-combustion part according to a state. A combustion control method according to claim 7 or 8 ,
For primary combustion supplied to at least one of the drying unit, the combustion unit, and the post-combustion unit based on whether the burnout point position is moving upstream in the conveying direction or downstream in the conveying direction A combustion control method characterized by adjusting a gas supply amount. A combustion control method according to any one of claims 7 to 9 ,
In the waste incinerator, primary combustion performed in the drying unit, the combustion unit, and the post-combustion unit, and secondary combustion for combusting primary combustion gas including unburned gas generated in the primary combustion, Done,
A combustion control method, characterized in that the supply amount of the secondary combustion gas is adjusted based on whether the burn-out point position is moving upstream in the transport direction or downstream in the transport direction. A combustion control method for controlling combustion in the waste incinerator using the in-furnace situation determination method according to claim 1 ,
Time change and the thickness of the previous SL waste,
Temporal change of the moving speed of the surface of the waste before Symbol combustion unit,
A combustion part residence time, which is a time during which the waste of the combustion part stays in the combustion part, calculated based on a temporal change in the moving speed of the surface of the waste in the combustion part;
A control method for determining a control value for controlling the combustion state based on at least one of them.

Images