JP2021067433A - Method for grasping interior condition of self-weight sedimentation-type vertical reaction furnace and method for controlling automatic operation of self-weight sedimentation-type vertical reaction furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

To early and accurately detect occurrence of "bridging" in a self-weight sedimentation-type vertical reaction furnace.SOLUTION: A method for grasping an interior condition of a self-weight sedimentation-type vertical reaction furnace is used in a self-weight sedimentation-type vertical reaction furnace for drying, thermally decompressing, burning, and melting a processing object by entering and depositing the processing object into the furnace from an upper part of the furnace and supplying a compressed oxygen-containing gas to a bottom part of the furnace and a lower sidewall part of the furnace, and includes a three-dimensional thermal image creating step and a furnace interior condition grasping step. In the three-dimensional thermal image creating step, a control device creates a three-dimensional thermal image of a sedimentary layer interface, which is the uppermost side interface of the sedimentary layer formed from the deposited processing object, on the basis of a thermal image acquired by photographing the thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, by a plurality of infrared cameras installed on an upper side of the processing object deposited in the furnace and having different view points. In the furnace interior condition grasping step, the control device grasps the furnace interior condition on the basis of the three-dimensional thermal image created by the three-dimensional thermal image creating step.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a method for grasping the state inside a self-weight settling vertical reactor that dries, thermally decomposes, burns, and melts an object to be treated, and maintains an appropriate operating state.

In a self-weight settling vertical reactor that dries, pyrolyzes, burns, and melts waste and other objects to be treated, the objects to be treated are put into the furnace from the top of the vertical tubular reactor and inside the furnace. A high-temperature oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the furnace in a pressurized state from the bottom of the furnace while being deposited at the bottom. By depositing the object to be treated, a sedimentary layer is formed in the lower part of the furnace. The object to be treated deposited in the lower part of the furnace is settled toward the bottom of the furnace by its own weight, and drying, thermal decomposition, combustion and / and melting are performed in the order of settling.

When the object to be treated deposited in the lower part of the furnace is dried, thermally decomposed, burned and / or melted, the bulk specific gravity (that is, density) increases and the mass and volume decrease due to evaporation of the contained water and the like. .. The object to be processed during the process is settled to the bottom of the furnace due to its own weight (and the pressure from other objects to be processed deposited on it) as the bulk specific gravity increases. Finally, the object to be treated is burned and / and melted into incineration ash or molten slag, which is discharged from the bottom of the furnace to the outside of the furnace.

On the other hand, the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the bottom of the furnace to the inside of the furnace produces gas components generated by thermal reactions such as drying, thermal decomposition, combustion, and melting while proceeding with heat exchange and thermal reaction with the object to be treated. Along with this, it escapes upward through the sedimentary layer. The oxygen-containing gas that has passed through the sedimentary layer reaches the freeboard consisting of the space inside the furnace above the sedimentary layer, and then is discharged from the upper part of the furnace to the outside of the furnace.

In such a vertical reactor, the sedimentation of the deposited object to be processed is not caused by a mechanical feeding mechanism, but by its own weight in principle. Therefore, if there is non-uniformity in the components in the object to be treated, an imbalance will occur in the progress of self-weight sedimentation in the vertical reactor. When this imbalance becomes excessive, a phenomenon called "shelf suspension" occurs in which a part of the object to be processed sticks to the side wall constituting the furnace space so as to be caught and forms something like a shelf. There is. When "shelf suspension" occurs, other objects to be processed that have been put into the furnace are supported by the objects to be processed that are stuck to the side wall, and do not fall or settle to the bottom of the furnace. As a result, a cavity in which the object to be processed does not exist is formed immediately below the object to be processed fixed to the side wall.

If the "shelf suspension" that occurs in the vertical reactor is resolved for some reason, a phenomenon called "shelf drop" occurs in which a large number of objects to be processed in the "shelf suspension" state collapse toward the bottom of the furnace at once. .. If the amount of objects to be processed that collapses is large, the impact may destroy the bottom structure. In addition, a large amount of thermal reaction of the object to be treated progresses at once due to "shelf drop", and a large amount of gas components (steam, etc.) are generated, which is serious about the pressure, temperature, etc. in various parts of the furnace after the collapse. It may cause changes and damage the main body of the vertical reactor and the equipment connected to the main body.

Therefore, in the self-weight settling vertical reactor, an early detection of the occurrence of "shelf suspension" and an early elimination method (mechanism) after the detection have been desired.

Conventionally, the height of the sedimentary layer consisting of the part where the object to be treated in the self-weight settling vertical reactor is deposited is set at regular intervals via a chain with a weight at the tip, and the sedimentary layer in the furnace. There is known a method of measuring by touching the upper part of the firepan and estimating whether or not "hanging on the shelf" has occurred based on the measured value. However, this method has a problem that thermal damage of the chain occurs when the chain passes through a high temperature part in the furnace, and a problem that "shelf suspension" that occurs at a place where the chain does not contact cannot be detected.

On the other hand, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose methods for detecting the occurrence of "shelf suspension", respectively.

In the method of Patent Document 1, a temperature sensor is provided at a position corresponding to an oxygen-containing gas inlet arranged at the bottom of the furnace or the side wall of the furnace, and when the detected value of the temperature sensor exceeds a predetermined temperature, the temperature sensor is installed. It is determined that the provided portion has entered the cavity under the "shelf suspension", and it is determined that the "shelf suspension" has occurred immediately above the portion.

In the method of Patent Document 2, the amount of exhaust gas that reaches the free board from the reactor and is discharged to the outside of the furnace is measured, and when the decrease in the amount of exhaust gas continues for a predetermined time or longer, the process becomes "suspended". Since the object does not fall to the lower part of the sedimentary layer, combustion and / or melting does not occur by that amount, and it is considered that the amount of exhaust gas has decreased, and it is determined that "hanging" has occurred in the furnace.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-122558 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-019787

However, the method of Patent Document 1 cannot detect "shelf suspension" that occurs in a portion away from the location where the temperature sensor is provided. Further, in the method of Patent Document 1, even when "shelf suspension" occurs in the portion corresponding to the portion where the temperature sensor is provided, the temperature sensor is provided in the cavity formed in the lower part of the "shelf suspension". If it does not extend to the location, "hanging on the shelf" cannot be detected. Therefore, the occurrence of "shelf suspension" could not be detected at an early stage, and the expansion of the situation could not be appropriately prevented.

On the other hand, in the phenomenon of "continuous reduction" of exhaust gas used by the method of Patent Document 2, for example, the ratio of reactive substances contained in the object to be treated is not limited to the case where "shelf suspension" occurs. It occurs even when the number has decreased. Therefore, the method of Patent Document 2 cannot accurately detect the occurrence of "shelf suspension".

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is a state in a self-weight settling vertical reactor capable of detecting the occurrence of "shelf suspension" early and accurately in a self-weight settling vertical reactor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a grasping method and an automatic operation control method that can prevent an unexpected furnace stop due to "hanging on a shelf" and can maintain an appropriate operation of the reactor.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above, and next, the means for solving this problem and its effect will be described.

From the viewpoint of the present invention, the following method for grasping the state of the self-weight sedimentation type vertical reactor is provided. That is, in this method of grasping the state of the self-weight sedimentation type vertical reaction furnace, the object to be treated is charged into the furnace from the upper part of the furnace and deposited, and the pressurized oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the bottom of the furnace and the lower side wall of the furnace. Therefore, it is used in a self-weight settling vertical reactor that dries, thermally decomposes, burns, and melts the object to be treated. This self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace internal state grasping method includes a three-dimensional thermal image creating step and a furnace internal condition grasping step. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, a control device for controlling the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor is installed above the object to be processed deposited in the reactor, and a plurality of infrared cameras having different viewpoints are used. A three-dimensional thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface is created based on the thermal image obtained by taking a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, which is the uppermost interface of the sedimentary layer formed from the deposited object to be processed. .. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device grasps the inside of the furnace based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creating step.

As a result, by using a three-dimensional thermal image, it is possible to accurately and easily grasp the state and changes of the entire surface of the furnace, which cannot be visually observed, regardless of the position where an abnormality such as "hanging on a shelf" occurs. Abnormalities can be detected early and accurately. As a result, since early countermeasures against abnormalities can be taken, unexpected furnace shutdown can be prevented, and the operation of the reactor can be maintained appropriately.

According to the present invention, in a self-weight settling vertical reactor, the occurrence of "shelf suspension" can be detected early and accurately.

The schematic diagram which shows the schematic structure of the self-weight settling type vertical reactor which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The flowchart which shows the control performed by the control device for early detection and elimination of "shelf suspension".

<Rough Configuration of Self-Weight Sedimentation Vertical Reactor> First, the configuration of the self-weight sedimentation vertical reactor 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a schematic configuration of a self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, "upstream" and "downstream" mean upstream and downstream in the direction in which oxygen-containing gas, treated gas, exhaust gas, etc. flow.

The purpose of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 is to reduce the volume of a waste or other object to be treated by performing heat treatment such as drying, thermal decomposition, combustion, and melting to melt the object to be treated. Used in. In the self-weight settling type vertical reactor 1, a sedimentary layer is formed by depositing a processing object charged into the furnace from above the furnace body below the space inside the furnace. In this state, the pressurized high-temperature oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the bottom of the furnace and the lower side wall of the furnace to dry, thermally decompose, burn, and melt the object to be treated.

As shown in FIG. 1, the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 includes a furnace main body 2, a combustion gas supply 3, an infrared camera 4, and a control device 9.

The furnace body 2 is formed in a hollow vertical tubular shape. The furnace main body 2 is not limited to the vertical tubular shape, and may be formed so that the side surface of the furnace is slightly inclined or the cross section of the furnace has a shape other than a circular shape. A sedimentary layer 22 is formed in the lower part of the furnace main body 2. As a result, the space inside the furnace is divided into a freeboard 21 and a sedimentary layer 22 as shown in FIG.

The freeboard 21 is a space inside the furnace above the sedimentary layer 22 of the object to be treated. A post-treatment gas discharge port 21a for discharging the post-treatment gas generated in the heat treatment process of the object to be treated to the outside of the furnace is formed on the upper part of the freeboard 21. The treated gas that has risen from the sedimentary layer 22 into the freeboard 21 is discharged to the outside of the furnace through the treated gas discharge port 21a. Secondary combustion of the treated gas may be performed in the freeboard 21.

The treated gas discharged from the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 is supplied into the treated gas treatment apparatus 5 as shown in FIG. 1, for example. In the post-treatment gas treatment apparatus 5, the treated gas is subjected to treatments such as deodorization, reburning, and cooling.

The treated gas treated by the post-treated gas treatment device 5 is supplied as exhaust gas to the exhaust gas treatment device (not shown) provided downstream. The treated gas is appropriately treated such as exhaust heat recovery, cooling, dust removal, and reduction of harmful components in the exhaust gas treatment device, and then discharged to the atmosphere by a chimney or the like. When secondary combustion is performed in the freeboard 21, the recombustion process in the post-treatment gas treatment device 5 may be omitted.

The sedimentary layer 22 is formed by depositing the processing object introduced into the furnace from the outside by the processing object supply device 6 shown in FIG. 1 in the lower part of the furnace main body 2. The processing object supply device 6 includes, for example, a supply conveyor or the like. An object input port 2a is formed in the upper part of the furnace main body 2. The processing object supply device 6 can charge the processing object into the furnace through the object charging port 2a.

Before the object to be processed is supplied to the object to be processed 6, a process such as pulverization may be performed by an appropriate processing device. In addition to the object to be treated, materials such as coke for promoting combustion, limestone for adjusting the physical properties of the generated molten slag, materials such as dolomite, etc. as auxiliary materials are placed in the furnace. You may put it in. In this case, the sedimentary layer 22 is composed of a processing object and auxiliary materials deposited in the lower part of the furnace.

The object to be treated, which is charged above the sedimentary layer 22, is dried, thermally decomposed, burned, and / or melted in this order as it settles from top to bottom in the sedimentary layer 22. As a result, in the sedimentary layer 22, the dry layer, the pyrolysis layer, the combustion melt layer, the melt layer, and the like are formed in order from the top in the height direction of the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace 1 according to the oxygen concentration and temperature. It is formed. While being heat-treated, the object to be treated that has fallen onto the sedimentary layer 22 is reduced in mass and volume due to evaporation of water contained in it, thermal decomposition, etc., and its bulk specific gravity (density) is increased, and its own weight (and above it) is increased. The pressure from other objects to be treated) deposited on the sedimentary layer 22 causes sedimentation in the sedimentary layer 22. Finally, the object to be treated is burned and / and melted, and discharged as incineration ash or molten slag from the bottom of the furnace to the outside of the furnace via the combustion gas supply unit 3.

As described above, in the sedimentary layer 22, a phenomenon called "shelf suspension" may occur in which the object to be treated is stuck so as to be caught on the inner wall of the furnace due to the non-uniformity of the components of the object to be treated. .. Since this "shelf suspension" occurs in the middle part of the sedimentary layer 22 in the vertical direction, it is difficult to visually observe it. The details of the detection of "shelf suspension" in the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 of the present embodiment will be described later.

The combustion gas supply unit 3 is connected to the lower end of the furnace body 2 and is integrally formed with the furnace body 2. In the combustion gas supply unit 3, for example, a plurality of combustion burners (not shown) are provided. Each combustion burner puts a mixture of a pressurized high-temperature oxygen-containing gas and a fuel such as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or heavy oil upward toward the bottom of the furnace body 2 (deposited layer 22). Blow into the furnace.

As shown in FIG. 1, an incineration ash or slag discharge port 3a for taking out incineration ash and / or molten slag is formed on one side of the bottom of the combustion gas supply unit 3. The incineration ash or molten slag produced by burning and / and melting in the furnace main body 2 is discharged into the furnace through the incineration ash or slag discharge port 3a.

The infrared camera 4 is composed of a camera for visualizing infrared rays emitted from an object. The infrared camera 4 may be a device whose main purpose is to capture a still image, or a device whose main purpose is to capture a moving image. Since a moving image is a plurality of continuous still images, the function of acquiring a thermal image is the same regardless of the device.

The purpose of the infrared camera 4 is mainly to acquire a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, which is the upper interface of the sedimentary layer 22. Therefore, it is desirable to install the infrared camera 4 at a position overlooking the entire surface of the sedimentary layer interface. The infrared camera 4 can be installed at a position such as a ceiling surface of a self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 or a side wall surface of a freeboard 21. It is preferable that the entire surface of the deposition layer interface is included in the acquired image range of the infrared camera 4. However, this does not apply when it is difficult to include the entire surface of the sedimentary layer interface within the acquired image range due to restrictions on the installation of the infrared camera 4.

The infrared camera 4 captures a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface in the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 via the selective transmission filter 4a. The selective transmission filter 4a is a filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength (for example, 3.9 μm band) that the flame does not emit.

Here, "the flame does not radiate" means that the luminous intensity is significantly lower (almost no irradiation) than the light of other wavelengths emitted by the flame, and the flame does not radiate the light of the wavelength at all. It does not indicate that.

A thermal image of an object on the other side of the flame can be seen through the selective transmission filter 4a. In the present embodiment, the selective transmission filter 4a is integrally configured with the infrared camera 4, but may be a separate body. That is, the selective transmission filter 4a may be arranged on the path through which the light in the furnace passes, and the transmitted light transmitted through the selective transmission filter 4a may be processed by a normal infrared camera.

As described above, by acquiring a thermal image showing the temperature distribution in the furnace through the infrared camera 4 and the selective transmission filter 4a, it is useful when the reaction is not accompanied by a luminescent flame and the inside of the furnace is pitch black. Even in the case of various reactors that perform heat treatment, which cannot acquire a clear visible optical image, it is possible to acquire a thermal image of an object in the depths of darkness. The configuration is not limited to the above, and the selective transmission filter 4a may be omitted when, for example, there is no flame at the sedimentary layer interface and the freeboard 21.

In the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 of the present embodiment, a plurality (for example, two or more) infrared cameras 4 are provided for the purpose of creating a three-dimensional thermal image (an image showing the temperature distribution in three dimensions). Has been done. The relative positions of the plurality of infrared cameras 4 are stored in advance by the control device 9.

The control device 9 is configured as, for example, a known computer. The control device 9 includes a CPU, RAM, ROM, HDD, etc. (not shown), performs various calculations, and controls the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1. The storage unit included in the control device 9 stores various data for controlling the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1. This storage unit is composed of the above ROM, HDD, and the like.

<Control performed by the control device> The control device 9 accurately grasps the state inside the furnace by executing the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method of the present invention, and promptly grasps the generated "shelf suspension". And accurately detect. Further, the control device 9 is detected by using the self-weight settling vertical reactor internal state grasping method by executing the automatic operation control method for controlling the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1. By changing the operating variables (control variables) for the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 with respect to "shelf suspension", early elimination of "shelf suspension" is realized.

Hereinafter, the control performed by the control device 9 will be specifically described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the control performed by the control device 9 in order to detect and eliminate the “shelf suspension” at an early stage.

First, in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, the control device 9 creates and stores a three-dimensional thermal image based on the thermal image of the deposited layer interface acquired by the infrared camera 4 (step S101). The control device 9 stores the created three-dimensional thermal image in a state associated with the operating variable of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 at the time when the thermal image corresponding to the three-dimensional thermal image is taken. The control device 9 stores a plurality of three-dimensional thermal images created based on thermal images taken at different time points in time series.

The operating variables of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 include, for example, supply conditions such as temperature, pressure, oxygen content, and supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the bottom of the furnace into the furnace, and the furnace from the lower side wall of the furnace. Select one or more from the above supply conditions of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the inside, the method of charging the object to be processed into the furnace (unit time input amount, degree of crushing of the object to be processed, etc.), the type of object to be processed, etc. can do.

A process for creating a three-dimensional thermal image from a plurality of thermal images is known, and will be briefly described below. The control device 9 identifies, for example, the position where a specific location at the sedimentary layer interface is displayed in each of the two thermal images acquired by at least two infrared cameras 4 at the same time. Then, using the respective arrangement positions and viewpoints of the two infrared cameras 4 stored in advance, the distance from each infrared camera 4 to the specific location of the deposition layer interface is calculated based on the trigonometry or the like. Based on each of the distances from each infrared camera 4 to the specific location, the three-dimensional coordinates of the specific location can be obtained. By processing in this way, the control device 9 creates a three-dimensional thermal image while specifying the three-dimensional coordinates of each part of the sedimentary layer interface.

Next, the control device 9 analyzes the created three-dimensional thermal image in the furnace situation grasping step (step S102). In this analysis, the control device 9 defines a plurality of division units in advance by dividing the sedimentary layer interface in the furnace so as to form a mesh in a plan view, and is performed for each division unit. The shape of each division unit is arbitrary. The shapes and sizes of the division units may be the same or different from each other.

The control device 9 calculates the appearance dynamic change of the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to each division unit based on the three-dimensional thermal image and its history, associates it with the manipulated variable, and stores it in time series. Since this change in appearance includes the change in the dynamics of the object to be treated in the vertical direction, it also reflects the sedimentation of the object to be treated to some extent. In other words, the change in appearance dynamics includes the change in the sedimentation rate of the object to be treated.

Then, the control device 9 calculates the deviation of the appearance dynamic change for each division unit. Specifically, the control device 9 determines the appearance dynamic change of the division unit and the appearance dynamic change of the simultaneous point of the peripheral division unit which is another division unit located in the vicinity thereof with respect to the target division unit. By comparing, the deviation is calculated as a position-based appearance dynamic deviation.

By the way, when "shelf suspension" occurs as described above, the processing object deposited on the processing object that has become a shelf does not settle. Therefore, at the interface of the sedimentary layer, there is a difference between the appearance dynamic change of the portion where "shelf suspension" occurs and the appearance dynamic change of the other portion where "shelf suspension" does not occur. That is, this position-based appearance dynamic divergence indicates whether or not some specific situation has occurred in the self-weight settling directly below the corresponding division unit as compared with other division units.

Further, the control device 9 compares the calculated latest appearance dynamic change with the past appearance dynamic change of the division unit itself with respect to the target division unit, and determines the difference between the time-based appearance dynamics. Calculated as divergence.

As described above, the object to be treated does not settle at the place where "shelf suspension" occurs. Therefore, in the portion where "shelf suspension" occurs, there is a difference between the current appearance dynamic change of the sedimentary layer interface and the past appearance dynamic change in which "shelf suspension" did not occur. That is, this time-based dynamic divergence indicates whether or not some specific situation different from the previous one occurs with respect to the self-weight sedimentation immediately below the corresponding division unit.

Along with the calculation regarding the change in the appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface, the control device 9 calculates the average temperature of the divided unit (specifically, the deposited layer interface corresponding to the divided unit) for each divided unit. Then, it is stored in the state associated with the manipulated variable and in chronological order. The average temperature here means a local average value in the division unit with respect to the temperature of the sedimentary layer interface when paying attention to one division unit. Then, the control device 9 calculates the deviation of the average temperature for each division unit.

Specifically, the control device 9 compares the average temperature of the division unit with respect to the target division unit and the average temperature of the simultaneous points of the peripheral division units, which are other division units located in the vicinity thereof. Therefore, the deviation is calculated as the position-based average temperature deviation.

By the way, when "shelf suspension" occurs, the flow (rise) of the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas rising in the sedimentary layer 22 is hindered by the processing object that has become a shelf, and the portion that has become a shelf is removed. In an avoided form, it rises in the sedimentary layer 22 and passes through the sedimentary layer interface. As a result, the heating and thermal reaction by the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas with respect to the object to be treated deposited directly above the portion where "shelf suspension" occurs is weakened. As a result, at the interface of the sedimentary layer, there is a difference between the temperature of the portion where "shelf suspension" occurs and the temperature of the other portion where "shelf suspension" does not occur. That is, this position-based average temperature divergence indicates whether or not some specific situation has occurred in the flow of the oxygen-containing gas just below the corresponding sedimentary layer interface as compared with other division units. ..

Further, the control device 9 compares the latest average temperature calculated for the target division unit with the past average temperature of the division unit itself, and sets the deviation as the time-based average temperature deviation. calculate.

As described above, when "shelf suspension" occurs, the heating and thermal reaction by the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas weakens with respect to the object to be treated deposited directly above the portion where "shelf suspension" occurs. As a result, in the portion where "shelf suspension" occurs, there is a difference between the current temperature at the sedimentary layer interface and the past temperature at which "shelf suspension" did not occur. That is, this time-based average temperature divergence indicates whether or not some specific situation different from the previous one occurs in the flow of the oxygen-containing gas immediately below the corresponding sedimentary layer interface portion.

The control device 9 of the present embodiment analyzes the sedimentary layer interface for each division unit. Therefore, even at the stage where an abnormality such as "hanging on a shelf" occurs locally and on a small scale, the abnormality can be accurately detected.

Next, the control device 9 has the appearance dynamic deviation (position-based appearance dynamic deviation and time-based appearance dynamic deviation) and the average temperature deviation (position-based average temperature deviation and the position-based average temperature deviation) calculated as described above in the process of grasping the in-core condition. Based on at least one of the time-based average temperature deviations), the division unit in which some abnormality has occurred is specified as the abnormality division unit (step S103). For example, when the appearance dynamic divergence and / or the average temperature divergence is out of the respective predetermined threshold range, the control device 9 has something in the portion of the sedimentary layer 22 (the interface and the portion immediately below it) corresponding to the division unit to be determined. Judge that an abnormality has occurred.

The control device 9 identifies the abnormal division unit and determines whether or not "shelf suspension" is currently occurring in the furnace. For example, the control device 9 obtains an evaluation value that comprehensively evaluates the appearance dynamic deviation and the average temperature deviation, and when the comprehensive evaluation value shows a deviation larger than a predetermined threshold value, the determination target is divided. It is determined that "shelf suspension" has occurred in the portion directly below the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the unit.

The above-mentioned predetermined threshold range and the threshold value of the evaluation value can be appropriately determined in association with the operation variables based on simulation, test run, actual operation data, and the like.

Next, in the countermeasure method determination step, the control device 9 determines a countermeasure method for eliminating the generated abnormality for the determined abnormality division unit (step S104). When the control device 9 determines in step S103 that "shelf suspension" has occurred, the control device 9 also determines a countermeasure method for eliminating the "shelf suspension" in step S104.

Countermeasures for this include (1) changing the supply conditions of the oxygen-containing gas from the bottom of the furnace, (2) changing the supply conditions of the oxygen-containing gas from the lower side wall of the furnace, and (3) the object to be treated. As an example, it is possible to change the method of charging the gas into the furnace.

The control device 9 comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1, the type of the object to be treated, the distribution and quantity of the abnormal division unit, the magnitude of the appearance dynamic deviation, the magnitude of the average temperature deviation, and the like. Therefore, at least one of the above-mentioned countermeasures is determined.

As a result, it is possible to determine the countermeasure method that matches the characteristics of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 and the condition inside the reactor, improve the effectiveness of the countermeasure method, and perform abnormalities and / or early "hanging on the shelf". The solution can be realized.

After that, the control device 9 adjusts the instrumental variables that affect the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 based on the determined countermeasure method in the countermeasure execution step. As a result, the occurrence of "shelf suspension" is prevented by eliminating the abnormality that occurs in the abnormal division unit, and if "shelf suspension" occurs, the "shelf suspension" is eliminated at an early stage ( Step S105).

As described above, in the method for grasping the state of the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace of the present embodiment, the object to be treated is charged into the furnace from the upper part of the furnace and deposited, and the bottom of the furnace and the lower side wall of the furnace are pressurized. It is used in the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 that dries, thermally decomposes, burns, and melts the object to be treated by supplying the oxygen-containing gas. This self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace internal state grasping method includes a three-dimensional thermal image creating step and a furnace internal condition grasping step. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, a control device 9 for controlling the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 is installed above the object to be processed deposited in the furnace, and is provided by a plurality of infrared cameras 4 having different viewpoints. Create a three-dimensional thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface based on the thermal image obtained by taking a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, which is the uppermost interface of the sedimentary layer formed from the deposited object to be processed. .. In the furnace situation grasping step, the control device 9 grasps the furnace situation based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creating step.

As a result, by using a three-dimensional thermal image, it is possible to accurately and easily grasp the state and changes of the entire surface of the furnace, which cannot be visually observed, regardless of the position where an abnormality such as "hanging on a shelf" occurs. Abnormalities can be detected early and accurately. As a result, since early countermeasures against abnormalities can be taken, unexpected furnace shutdown can be prevented, and the operation of the reactor can be maintained appropriately.

Further, in the method for grasping the state in the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace of the present embodiment, the control device 9 performs the following processing in the step of grasping the state in the furnace. That is, the control device 9 is formed by dividing the deposited layer interface into a mesh shape in advance based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image. For each division unit, the change in appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated. Further, the control device 9 has a position-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is a deviation between the calculated appearance dynamic change and the appearance dynamic change of the peripheral division unit, which is another division unit located in the periphery, for each division unit. , Calculate the time-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is the deviation from the history of the appearance dynamic change of the same division unit itself. Further, the control device 9 determines whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the deposited layer 22 corresponding to the division unit to be determined based on the calculated position-based appearance dynamic deviation and the appearance dynamic deviation including the time-based appearance dynamic deviation. Is determined. When the control device 9 determines that an abnormality has occurred, the control device 9 specifies the division unit to be determined as the abnormality division unit.

Thereby, by using the information on the appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer 22 in the furnace, it is possible to accurately determine the abnormality occurring in the sedimentary layer 22. In addition, since the determination regarding the dynamics is performed for each division unit, it is possible to accurately determine even a local and small-scale abnormality.

Further, in the method for grasping the state in the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace of the present embodiment, the control device 9 performs the following processing in the step of grasping the state in the furnace. That is, the control device 9 is formed by dividing the deposited layer interface into a mesh shape in advance based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image. For each division unit, the average temperature of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated. Further, the control device 9 has a position-based average temperature deviation, which is a deviation between the calculated average temperature and the average temperature of the peripheral division unit, which is another division unit located in the vicinity, and the same for each division unit. Calculate the time-based average temperature deviation, which is the deviation from the history of the average temperature of the division unit itself. Further, in the control device 9, whether an abnormality has occurred in the sedimentary layer 22 corresponding to the division unit to be determined based on the calculated position-based average temperature deviation and the average temperature deviation including the time-based average temperature deviation. Judge whether or not. When the control device 9 determines that an abnormality has occurred, the control device 9 specifies the division unit to be determined as the abnormality division unit.

Thereby, by using the information on the temperature of the sedimentary layer 22 in the furnace, it is possible to accurately determine the abnormality occurring in the sedimentary layer 22. Further, since the determination regarding the temperature is performed for each division unit, it is possible to accurately determine even a local and small-scale abnormality.

Further, in the method for grasping the state in the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace of the present embodiment, the control device 9 performs the following processing in the step of grasping the state in the furnace. That is, the control device 9 is formed by dividing the deposited layer interface into a mesh shape in advance based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image. For each division unit, the change in appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated. Further, the control device 9 has a position-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is a deviation between the calculated appearance dynamic change and the appearance dynamic change of the peripheral division unit, which is another division unit located in the periphery, for each division unit. , Calculate the time-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is the deviation from the history of the appearance dynamic change of the same division unit itself. Further, the control device 9 is under the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the abnormal division unit to be determined based on the calculated position-based appearance dynamics deviation, appearance dynamics deviation including time-based appearance dynamics deviation, and average temperature deviation. It is determined whether or not "shelf suspension" in which the object to be treated sticks to the inner wall wall of the furnace occurs in the portion.

As a result, it is possible to improve the determination accuracy regarding the occurrence of "shelf suspension" by comprehensively determining the appearance dynamic deviation and the average temperature deviation.

Further, the automatic operation control method of the present embodiment includes a countermeasure method determination step and a countermeasure execution step. In the countermeasure method determination step, the control device 9 determines the appearance of the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the anomalous division unit based on the appearance dynamic deviation and / or the average temperature deviation calculated by the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method. Determine measures to reduce dynamic changes and / or mean temperature divergence. In the countermeasure execution step, the control device 9 adjusts the instrumental variables related to the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 based on the countermeasure method determined in the countermeasure method determination step.

As a result, countermeasures can be taken according to the abnormal situation occurring in the furnace. As a result, it is possible to prevent "hanging on the shelf" and improve the operational stability of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1.

Further, in the automatic operation control method of the present embodiment, in the countermeasure method determination step, the control device 9 is identified as having "held suspension" by the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method. For the division unit, based on the appearance dynamic deviation and the average temperature deviation of the specified abnormal division unit, a countermeasure method for eliminating the "shelf suspension" occurring in the sedimentary layer 22 corresponding to the abnormal division unit is provided. decide. In the countermeasure execution step, the control device 9 adjusts the instrumental variables related to the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1 based on the countermeasure method determined in the countermeasure method determination step.

As a result, when "shelf suspension" occurs in the furnace, measures can be taken according to the "shelf suspension" situation by comprehensively considering the appearance dynamic deviation and the average temperature deviation. As a result, "hanging on the shelf" can be eliminated at an early stage.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the above configuration can be changed as follows, for example.

The three-dimensional thermal image may be created by an image processing device (not shown) provided separately from the control device 9. In this case, in step S101 shown in FIG. 2, the control device 9 acquires and stores a three-dimensional thermal image from the image processing device.

When the infrared camera 4 shoots a moving image, the appearance dynamic change of the deposition layer interface may be acquired from the captured moving image.

Depending on the characteristics of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1, the sedimentary layer may be formed up to the upper part of the furnace body 2.

The object input port 2a may be provided at the top of the self-weight settling vertical reactor 1.

The infrared camera 4 may be separately provided on the side of the furnace body 2 corresponding to the deposition layer 22. In this case, it is possible to auxiliaryly detect the position where the abnormality occurs in the sedimentary layer 22.

1 Self-weight settling vertical reactor 2 Reactor body 2a Object input port 21 Free board 21a Processed gas discharge port 22 Sedimentary layer 3 Combustion gas supply part 3a Incineration ash or slag discharge port 4 Infrared camera 4a Selective transmission filter 5 Processing Post-gas treatment device 6 Processing object supply device 9 Control device

Therefore, in the self-weight settling vertical reactor, an early detection of the occurrence of an abnormality such as "hanging on a shelf" and an early elimination method (mechanism) after the detection have been desired.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is a self-weight settling vertical type reaction capable of quickly and accurately detecting the occurrence of an abnormality such as "hanging on a shelf" in a self-weight settling vertical type reactor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for grasping the state inside the furnace and an automatic operation control method capable of preventing an unexpected shutdown of the furnace due to an abnormality such as "hanging on a shelf" and maintaining the operation of the reactor appropriately.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the following method for grasping the state of the self-weight sedimentation type vertical reactor is provided. That is, in this method of grasping the state of the self-weight sedimentation type vertical reaction furnace, the object to be treated is charged into the furnace from the upper part of the furnace and deposited, and the pressurized oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the bottom of the furnace and the lower side wall of the furnace. Therefore, it is used in a self-weight settling vertical reactor that performs at least one of drying, thermal decomposition, combustion, and melting of the object to be treated. This self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method includes a three-dimensional thermal image creating step and a furnace situation grasping step. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, a control device for controlling the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor is installed above the object to be processed deposited in the reactor, and a plurality of infrared cameras having different viewpoints are used. A three-dimensional thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface is created based on the thermal image obtained by taking a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, which is the uppermost interface of the sedimentary layer formed from the deposited object to be processed. .. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device grasps the inside of the furnace based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creating step. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device divides the deposited layer interface into a mesh shape in advance based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image. For each of the plurality of division units formed by the above, the change in the appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device determines the difference between the calculated appearance dynamic change for each division unit and the appearance dynamic change of the peripheral division unit which is another division unit located in the periphery. A certain position-based appearance dynamic deviation and a time-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is a deviation from the history of the appearance dynamic change of the same division unit itself, are calculated. In the in-core condition grasping step, the control device performs the deposition layer corresponding to the division unit to be determined based on the calculated position-based appearance dynamic deviation and the appearance dynamic deviation including the time-based appearance dynamic deviation. If it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the division unit to be determined is specified as the abnormality division unit.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the following method for grasping the state of the self-weight sedimentation type vertical reactor is provided. That is, in this method of grasping the state of the self-weight sedimentation type vertical reaction furnace, the object to be treated is charged into the furnace from the upper part of the furnace and deposited, and the pressurized oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the bottom of the furnace and the lower side wall of the furnace. Therefore, it is used in a self-weight settling vertical reactor that performs at least one of drying, thermal decomposition, combustion, and melting of the object to be treated. This self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method includes a three-dimensional thermal image creating step and a furnace situation grasping step. In the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, a control device for controlling the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor is installed above the object to be processed deposited in the reactor, and a plurality of infrared cameras having different viewpoints are used. A three-dimensional thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface is created based on the thermal image obtained by taking a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, which is the uppermost interface of the sedimentary layer formed from the deposited object to be processed. .. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device grasps the inside of the furnace based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creating step. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device previously divides the deposited layer interface into a mesh shape based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image. For each of the plurality of division units formed by the above, the average temperature of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated. In the in-core situation grasping step, the position where the control device is the difference between the calculated average temperature for each division unit and the average temperature of the peripheral division unit which is another division unit located in the vicinity. The reference average temperature deviation and the time-based average temperature deviation, which is the deviation from the history of the average temperature of the same division unit itself, are calculated. In the in-core situation grasping step, the control device performs the deposition layer corresponding to the division unit to be determined based on the calculated position-based average temperature deviation and the average temperature deviation including the time-based average temperature deviation. If it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the division unit to be determined is specified as the abnormality division unit.

According to the present invention, in a self-weight settling vertical reactor, the occurrence of abnormalities such as "hanging on a shelf" can be detected early and accurately.

As shown in FIG. 1, an incineration ash or slag discharge port 3a for taking out incineration ash and / or molten slag is formed on one side of the bottom of the combustion gas supply unit 3. The incineration ash or molten slag produced by burning and / and melting in the furnace main body 2 is discharged to the outside of the furnace through the incineration ash or slag discharge port 3a.

Claims (8)

The object to be treated is put into the furnace from the upper part of the furnace and deposited, and the pressurized oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the bottom of the furnace and the lower side wall of the furnace to dry, thermally decompose, burn, and melt the object to be processed. It is a method for grasping the state inside the self-weight sedimentation vertical reactor used in the self-weight sedimentation vertical reactor.
A control device for controlling the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor is installed above the processing object deposited in the reactor, and is formed from the deposited processing object by a plurality of infrared cameras having different viewpoints. A three-dimensional thermal image creation step of creating a three-dimensional thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface based on the thermal image obtained by taking a thermal image of the sedimentary layer interface, which is the uppermost interface of the sedimentary layer.
Based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step, the control device grasps the situation inside the furnace,
A method for grasping the state of a self-weight settling vertical reactor in a vertical reactor, which comprises. The method for grasping the state inside a self-weight sedimentation type vertical reactor according to claim 1.
In the process of grasping the situation inside the furnace, the control device
Based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image, for each of a plurality of division units formed by dividing the sedimentary layer interface into a mesh shape in advance. The change in the appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated.
For each division unit, the position-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is the deviation between the calculated appearance dynamic change and the appearance dynamic change of the peripheral division unit, which is another division unit located in the periphery, and the same division. Calculate the time-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is the deviation from the history of the appearance dynamic change of the unit itself.
Based on the calculated position-based appearance dynamic divergence and the appearance dynamic divergence including the time-based appearance dynamic divergence, it is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the sedimentary layer corresponding to the division unit to be determined. A method for grasping the state of a self-weight settling vertical reactor in a vertical reactor, characterized in that when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the division unit to be determined is specified as an abnormality division unit. The method for grasping the state of a self-weight settling vertical reactor according to claim 1 or 2.
In the process of grasping the situation inside the furnace, the control device
Based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image, for each of a plurality of division units formed by dividing the sedimentary layer interface into a mesh shape in advance. The average temperature of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated.
For each division unit, the position-based average temperature deviation, which is the deviation between the calculated average temperature and the average temperature of the peripheral division unit, which is another division unit located in the vicinity, and the same division unit itself. Calculate the time-based average temperature deviation, which is the deviation from the above average temperature history.
Based on the calculated position-based average temperature divergence and the average temperature divergence including the time-based average temperature divergence, it is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the deposited layer corresponding to the division unit to be determined. A self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method, characterized in that when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the division unit to be determined is specified as an abnormality division unit. The method for grasping the state in a self-weight sedimentation type vertical reactor according to claim 3.
In the process of grasping the situation inside the furnace, the control device
Based on the three-dimensional thermal image created in the three-dimensional thermal image creation step and its history three-dimensional thermal image, for each of a plurality of division units formed by dividing the sedimentary layer interface into a mesh shape in advance. The change in the appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface in the division unit is calculated.
For each division unit, the position-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is the deviation between the calculated appearance dynamic change and the appearance dynamic change of the peripheral division unit, which is another division unit located in the periphery, and the same division. Calculate the time-based appearance dynamic deviation, which is the deviation from the history of the appearance dynamic change of the unit itself.
Based on the calculated position-based appearance dynamics divergence, the appearance dynamics divergence including the time-based appearance dynamics divergence, and the average temperature divergence, in the portion below the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the anomalous division unit to be determined. A method for grasping the state of a self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace, which comprises determining whether or not "shelf suspension" in which the object to be processed is stuck to the inner wall of the furnace is determined. The control device changes the appearance dynamics of the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the abnormal division unit based on the appearance dynamic deviation calculated by the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method according to claim 2. The process of determining the countermeasure method to determine the countermeasure method to reduce the divergence of
A countermeasure execution step in which the control device adjusts instrumental variables related to the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor based on the countermeasure method determined in the countermeasure method determination step.
An automatic driving control method characterized by including. Based on the average temperature divergence calculated by the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method according to claim 3, the control device determines the average temperature of the sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the abnormal division unit. The process of determining the countermeasure method to determine the countermeasure method to reduce the divergence, and the process of determining the countermeasure method.
A countermeasure execution step in which the control device adjusts instrumental variables related to the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor based on the countermeasure method determined in the countermeasure method determination step.
An automatic driving control method characterized by including. The sedimentary layer interface corresponding to the anomalous division unit based on the appearance dynamic deviation and the average temperature deviation calculated by the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method according to claim 4. The step of determining the countermeasure method for determining the countermeasure method for reducing the difference in the appearance dynamics and the average temperature of the above, and the step of determining the countermeasure method.
A countermeasure execution step in which the control device adjusts instrumental variables related to the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor based on the countermeasure method determined in the countermeasure method determination step.
An automatic driving control method characterized by including. The automatic operation control method according to claim 7.
In the countermeasure method determination step, the control device refers to the abnormal division unit in which "shelf suspension" is identified by the self-weight settling vertical reaction furnace state grasping method according to claim 4. Then, based on the appearance dynamic deviation and the average temperature deviation of the specified abnormal division unit, measures for eliminating the "shelf suspension" occurring in the sedimentary layer corresponding to the abnormal division unit. Decide how to do it
In the countermeasure execution step, the control device adjusts the instrumental variables related to the operation of the self-weight settling vertical reactor based on the countermeasure method determined in the countermeasure method determination step. Control method.

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