JP2018040533A - Waste deposit layer height measuring device and method for waste gasification melting furnace, and waste gasification melting apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and method for measuring the layer height of a furnace waste deposit layer without being affected by high-temperature corrosive gas or dust in the furnace, and also to provide a waste gasification melting apparatus capable of being operated according to the variation of the layer height and a method therefor.SOLUTION: Radiant infrared rays from a surface of a waste deposit layer are detected by an infrared detection device 11 at two positions separated from each other at the top of the furnace body to form a temperature distribution image including a plurality of sectioned images for an area corresponding to the surface of the waste deposit layer. An arithmetic device 12 performs, on the temperature distribution images formed by the infrared detection devices 11, specific-point selection to define sectioned images corresponding to specific points on the surface of the waste deposit, the arithmetic device performing this process for each of two temperature distribution images formed respectively at two positions. The arithmetic device calculates the layer height at the specific points by calculating the distance from the top of the furnace body to the specific points by a stereo imaging method, based on a positional relationship between the sectioned images corresponding to the specific points on each of the temperature distribution images and on a positional relationship between the two positions where the infrared detection device is mounted.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the height of a waste layer in a waste gasification and melting furnace, and a waste gasification and melting apparatus and method.

  The waste gasification melting furnace forms a fuel and waste accumulation layer such as coke in the furnace body, and oxygen enriched air through the main tuyere and air through the sub tuyere in the waste accumulation layer. The waste is pyrolyzed, gasified and burned to melt the pyrolysis residue.

  If the height of the waste accumulation layer in the furnace body (hereinafter referred to as “layer height”) is too high, the pressure loss in the furnace increases, making it difficult to blow oxygen-enriched air or air. The waste melts into a lump and adheres to the furnace wall, causing so-called “shelf hanging” and the like, and the operation of the furnace becomes unstable. If the bed height is too low, the waste material is heated after being put into the furnace and is not heated properly after heat decomposition, gasification, and melting of the pyrolysis residue, and proper treatment cannot be performed.

  Therefore, during the operation of the waste gasification and melting furnace, the operation conditions such as the input amount of waste are adjusted so that the height of the waste accumulation layer falls within an appropriate predetermined height range.

  Therefore, it is necessary to measure the bed height at an appropriate time during the operation of the waste gasification melting furnace. As a method for measuring the layer height, there is a method using a weight. For example, in Patent Document 1, the layer height is the movement of the suspended body when the weight suspended by a suspended body such as a chain is lowered into the furnace and the weight is lowered until it reaches the surface of the waste accumulation layer. Measured based on quantity.

  As a method for measuring the layer height other than using the weight, there is a method using a microwave. For example, in Patent Document 2, a microwave transmission / reception device is provided at the top of the furnace, the microwave is transmitted, and the layer height is measured by receiving the reflection of the microwave from the waste layer surface.

JP 2003-172509 A JP-A-2005-050008

  However, in the layer height measuring method using the weight disclosed in Patent Document 1, the furnace is filled with a high-temperature gas having corrosive properties generated by the thermal decomposition of the waste. There is a risk that the chain that suspends the chain will be cut due to high temperature corrosion by the corrosive gas. In addition, the weight is constantly lifted so that the risk of cutting due to high-temperature corrosion of the chain is reduced as much as possible, and the weight is lowered only at an appropriate time to measure the bed height. Improvement is required in that it cannot be measured.

  Next, in the layer height measurement method using the microwave disclosed in Patent Document 2, the microwave cannot reach the surface of the waste accumulation layer due to dust scattered in the furnace space, and interference. The layer height may not be measured accurately due to wave effects.

  Thus, in Patent Document 1, since the layer height cannot be measured continuously, in Patent Document 2, the layer height of the waste accumulation layer in the waste gasification melting furnace is not affected by dust. Therefore, it was difficult to properly operate the gasification and melting furnace in response to the fluctuation of the bed height.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention can measure the height of a waste deposition layer in a furnace without being affected by high-temperature corrosive gas or dust in the furnace in a waste gasification and melting furnace. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for measuring the height of a waste layer. It is another object of the present invention to provide a waste gasification and melting apparatus and a gasification and melting method that can be appropriately operated in response to fluctuations in bed height.

  According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems are the following first invention with respect to the waste layer height measuring device, the second invention with respect to the waste layer height measuring method, the third invention with respect to the waste gasification melting device, and The waste gasification melting method is solved by the fourth invention.

<First invention> (Waste accumulation layer height measuring device)
In the waste accumulation layer height measuring device for measuring the height of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body of the vertical cylindrical waste gasification melting furnace,
An infrared detector that detects radiant infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer at two positions spaced apart from each other at the top of the furnace body, and forms a temperature distribution image composed of a plurality of compartment images for a region corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer; ,
An arithmetic unit that calculates the layer height based on the temperature distribution image information from the infrared detector;
The arithmetic unit selects a specific point for defining a partition image corresponding to a specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device, with respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device And calculating a layer height at the specific point, obtaining a layer height at a plurality of different specific points, and calculating a layer height distribution on the waste accumulation layer surface. Yes,
A waste accumulation layer height measuring apparatus characterized by the above.

  In the present invention, the infrared detection device may be fixedly arranged at each of the two positions. Alternatively, the infrared detection apparatus may detect the infrared rays when the two positions are repeatedly moved back and forth. One movable infrared detector can also be provided.

<Second invention> (Waste accumulation layer height measuring method)
In the method for measuring the height of the waste accumulation layer for measuring the height of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body of the vertical cylindrical waste gasification melting furnace,
The infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer is detected by two infrared detectors at two positions separated from the top of the furnace body, and a temperature distribution image consisting of a plurality of compartment images is formed for the area corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer. ,
With respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the above-mentioned two positions, the calculation device selects a specific point that defines a partition image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device Calculating the layer height at the specific point, calculating the layer height for a plurality of different specific points, and calculating the layer height distribution for the waste accumulation layer surface,
A method for measuring a height of a waste accumulation layer.

  In the present invention, the infrared detection is performed by an infrared detection device fixedly arranged at each of the two positions, or a single movable infrared detection device that reciprocates between the two positions reaches each of the two positions. You can also do it when you do.

<Third invention> (Waste gasification and melting device)
Waste gasification and melting apparatus provided with a waste inlet at the top of a furnace body of a vertical cylindrical waste gasification and melting furnace, a main tuyere at the bottom, and a sub tuyere above the main tuyere In
An operation condition of the waste gasification and melting apparatus in response to information from the waste deposition layer height measuring device for measuring the height of the waste deposition layer formed in the furnace body and the waste deposition layer height measuring device And a control device for controlling
The waste deposition layer height measuring device detects the infrared radiation from the surface of the waste deposition layer at two positions separated from each other at the upper part of the furnace body, and detects the temperature composed of a plurality of compartment images for the region corresponding to the waste deposition layer surface. An infrared detector for forming a distribution image;
An arithmetic unit that calculates the layer height based on the temperature distribution image information from the infrared detector;
The arithmetic unit selects a specific point for defining a partition image corresponding to a specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device, with respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device Calculating a layer height at the specific point, calculating a layer height for a plurality of different specific points, and calculating a layer height distribution for the waste accumulation layer surface,
The control device receives the layer height distribution information of the waste accumulation layer from the arithmetic device and controls at least one of the supply amount of waste from the inlet and the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere. A waste gasification and melting apparatus characterized by that.

  In the present invention, the infrared detection device may be fixedly arranged at each of the two positions. Alternatively, the infrared detection apparatus may detect the infrared rays when the two positions are repeatedly moved back and forth. One movable infrared detector can also be provided.

<Fourth Invention> (Waste Gasification Melting Method)
Waste gasification and melting apparatus provided with a waste inlet at the top of a furnace body of a vertical cylindrical waste gasification and melting furnace, a main tuyere at the bottom, and a sub tuyere above the main tuyere In the waste gasification melting method by
Measure the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body, receive the layer height distribution information, control the operating conditions of the waste gasification and melting device,
Infrared detectors detect infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer at two positions separated from each other at the top of the furnace body, and form a temperature distribution image consisting of a plurality of compartment images for the area corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer.
With respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the above-mentioned two positions, the calculation device selects a specific point that defines a partition image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device By calculating the layer height at the specific point, calculating the layer height for a plurality of different specific points, calculating the layer height distribution on the waste accumulation layer surface,
Control at least one of the supply amount of waste from the inlet and the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere based on the layer height distribution information of the waste accumulation layer from the arithmetic unit. A waste gasification melting method characterized by the above.

  In the present invention, infrared detection is performed by an infrared detection device fixedly arranged at each of two positions, or a single movable infrared detection device that reciprocates between two positions reaches each of the two positions. You can also do it when you do.

<Principle of the invention>
In the present invention, in order to obtain the layer height distribution of the waste deposition layer that is gasified and melted in the furnace body, the infrared radiation from the waste deposition layer surface is directly detected by an infrared detector, and this infrared detection is performed on the furnace body. The temperature distribution image is formed at the upper two positions, and the layer height distribution is calculated by a stereo image method using an arithmetic unit.

  The reason why the infrared radiation is detected from the surface of the waste accumulation layer for measuring the layer height in the present invention is as follows.

  The inventor has paid attention to the fact that infrared rays are emitted from the surface of the high-temperature waste accumulation layer. Infrared radiation has a shorter wavelength than microwaves and is highly straight, so there is no attenuation due to reflection and absorption by many gases, flames and dust in the furnace space, and radiation infrared radiation from the surface of the waste layer Therefore, the present inventors have found that it is suitable for temperature distribution detection for measuring the layer height on the surface of the waste accumulation layer. Infrared rays with a specific wavelength range, specifically a wavelength range of 2 to 10 μm, particularly a wavelength range of around 3.9 μm, have low emissivity from the above gas, are not affected by gas, flame or dust, and are waste It is confirmed that the infrared radiation from the surface of the sedimentary layer can be detected with high accuracy through the gas and flame and reaches the detection device. It was found to be suitable.

  As a result of such examination, in the present invention, in the layer height measuring method for measuring the layer height of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body of the vertical cylindrical waste gasification and melting furnace, Infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer is detected by two infrared detectors at two positions separated from each other, and a temperature distribution image consisting of a plurality of section images is formed for the area corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer. The specific point selection for defining the section image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detector is performed for each of the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions. Based on the positional relationship between the section images corresponding to the specific points in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship between the two positions provided with the infrared detection device, the above-mentioned special feature is applied from the upper part of the furnace body by stereo imaging. By calculating the distance to the point, calculating a bed height of at 該特 fixed point, seeking bed height for a plurality of different specific points and calculates the bed height distribution for the waste deposit layer surface. In addition, the layer height can be measured continuously.

  Further, in the present invention, with respect to the operation of the waste gasification and melting apparatus, the oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere is properly maintained based on the calculated layer height distribution. And at least one of the respective amounts of waste supplied from the inlet is controlled. Thus, the gasification and melting treatment of waste is performed in a desirable situation under an appropriate layer height distribution.

  As described above, the present invention directly detects the height of the waste accumulation layer gasified and melted in the furnace body, and the infrared radiation from the surface of the waste deposition layer is directly detected by the infrared detection device. Since the measurement is performed by calculating the above-mentioned layer height distribution based on the stereo image method using an arithmetic unit, the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer can be measured easily and reliably. Basically, by controlling the operating conditions of the waste gasification and melting furnace, stable operation can be performed.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste gasification and melting apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The waste gasification and melting apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 supplies coke as fuel, and coke bed type in which oxygen-enriched air is blown from the main tuyere into the lower part of the furnace and air is blown from the sub tuyere. A gasification melting furnace and its peripheral devices are provided.

  The coke bed type gasification melting furnace 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “gasification melting furnace 1”) of the present embodiment shown in FIG. A waste inlet as a waste, coke as a fuel, and limestone as a component adjusting material for slag to be generated are provided in the furnace, and an inlet 2 is provided on the upper side of the gasification melting furnace 1. A gas discharge port 3 for discharging the gas in the furnace to the outside of the furnace is provided. In addition, an outlet 4 for discharging molten slag and molten metal is provided at the bottom of the gasification melting furnace 1.

  Above the gasification melting furnace 1, a waste supply device 21, a coke supply device 22, and a limestone supply device 23 for supplying waste, coke, and limestone, respectively, are disposed as peripheral devices. The coke and limestone supplied from 22 and 23 are conveyed to the charging port by a transfer conveyor (not shown), and are put into the furnace from the charging port 2 at the top of the furnace together with the waste from the waste supply device 21. . Further, in the present embodiment, a layer height measuring device for measuring the layer height of the waste deposition layer in the gasification melting furnace 1, which will be described in detail later, is also provided. Hereinafter, the gasification melting furnace 1 and the bed height measuring device will be described.

  A secondary combustion chamber (not shown) provided outside the furnace is connected to the gas outlet 3 of the gasification melting furnace 1 to burn the combustible gas generated by pyrolyzing the waste. To do. The secondary combustion chamber is provided with an air blowing port (not shown) through which air for secondary combustion is blown. Further, a boiler (not shown) for recovering heat from the combustion gas obtained by burning the combustible gas in the secondary combustion chamber is provided adjacent to the secondary combustion chamber.

  In such a coke bed type gasification and melting furnace 1, the internal space in the furnace is divided into four regions in the vertical direction, and from the lower side, the coke packed bed A, the moving bed B, the waste deposit layer / gas Formation layer C (sometimes referred to as a waste accumulation layer) and free board portion D are formed.

  The coke packed bed A at the lower part of the furnace is provided with a main tuyere 5 and is provided with a valve 5A for blowing oxygen-enriched air and adjusting the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air. The waste accumulation layer C is provided with a sub tuyere 6 and is provided with a valve 6A for blowing air and adjusting the air supply amount. A three-stage tuyere 7 is provided in the free board part D, and air is blown in. There is also a form in which the freeboard portion D is not provided with a three-stage tuyere.

  When coke is introduced into the gasification and melting furnace 1 having each tuyere, the coke descends to the lower part of the furnace, and the coke is combusted by the oxygen-enriched air blown from the main tuyere 5, which burns. The generated high-temperature combustion gas serves as a heat source for the thermal decomposition of waste, and further serves as a heat source for melting ash.

  Air is blown into the waste accumulation layer C from the sub tuyere 6, the waste is dried by the high-temperature combustion gas rising from below, and then pyrolyzed and partially oxidized to combust the combustible component. In the free board part D, part of the pyrolysis gas (combustible gas) generated by pyrolyzing waste is partially burned to maintain the upper part of the furnace at a predetermined temperature, and the generated tar and harmful gas components Is pyrolyzed.

  An oxygen-enriched air supply device (not shown) is provided outside the furnace, and the oxygen-enriched air supply device supplies oxygen-enriched air obtained by mixing oxygen into the air to the main tuyere 5. Supply to the air pipe.

  The waste gasification and melting apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided with a layer height measuring device for measuring the layer height distribution of the waste deposition layer in the furnace body in the gasification and melting furnace 1 having the above-described configuration, and the measurement. A control device 13 is also provided for controlling the operating conditions of the gasification melting furnace 1 so that the layer height is within a predetermined range based on the layer height.

  The layer height measuring device includes an infrared detecting device 11 and an arithmetic device 12 that calculates the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer based on the detection information.

  The infrared detection device 11 is composed of infrared detection devices 11A and 11B provided at two spaced apart positions on the top of the furnace (the top of the furnace in the figure).

  Each of the infrared detectors 11A and 11B arranged at two positions separated from each other at the upper part of the furnace body has a field of view covering the entire area of the waste deposition layer surface, and radiation from the waste deposition layer surface. Infrared rays are detected, and a temperature distribution image composed of a plurality of section images is formed in a region corresponding to the waste accumulation layer surface.

  The two infrared detection devices 11A and 11B are connected to the calculation device 12 so as to provide detection information regarding the temperature distribution image to the calculation device 12. The calculation device 12 has a calculation unit for calculating the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer based on the temperature distribution image information from the infrared detection devices 11A and 11B. In the calculation unit, the infrared detection device 11A, The specific point selection which determines the division image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by 11B is performed for each of the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions. The distance from the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point is determined by stereo imaging based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in the distribution image and the positional relationship between the two positions where the infrared detection devices 11A and 11B are provided. By calculating, the layer height at the specific point is calculated, the layer height is obtained for a plurality of different specific points, and the layer height distribution on the waste accumulation layer surface is calculated. Stereo imaging is a well-known technique as described in the literature (Journal of Photographic Society of Japan, 2004, Vol. 67, No. 5, 448-456). A specific method for calculating the layer height distribution will be described later.

  The arithmetic device 12 is connected to the control device 13, and the command signal of the control device 13 controls the supply amount by the waste supply device 21 and controls the opening of the valve 5 </ b> A of the main tuyere 5. . The control device 13 that has received information on the layer height distribution from the arithmetic unit 12 enriches the amount of waste supplied by the waste supply device 21 and the oxygen from the main tuyere 5 so as to obtain an appropriate layer height distribution. It is set to control at least one of the air supply amounts. The control method will be described later.

  In the waste gasification and melting furnace apparatus configured as described above, the waste gasification and melting treatment is performed in the following manner.

  Waste from the waste supply device 21, coke from the coke supply device 22 and limestone from the limestone supply device 23 pass through the inlet 2 provided in the upper part of the gasification melting furnace 1, respectively, and enter the furnace in predetermined amounts. Then, oxygen-enriched air is injected from the main tuyere 5 and air is blown from the sub tuyere 6 into the furnace.

  The coke put into the furnace descends to the lower part of the furnace, and the coke is burned by the oxygen-enriched air blown from the main tuyere 5 to provide a heat source for melting waste ash, and the generated high-temperature combustion Provide a heat source that raises the gas and heats it for pyrolysis of the waste.

  Waste introduced from the inlet 2 is deposited in the furnace to form a waste accumulation layer, where the waste is gasified. The waste forms a waste accumulation layer (gasification layer) C, and is dried, pyrolyzed and gasified as it descends from above. The waste is heated by the hot combustion gas rising from the coke packed bed A in the lower part of the furnace through the moving bed B and the air blown from the sub tuyere 6, dried, and then pyrolyzed. Combustion gas containing combustible gas generated by pyrolysis rises, and a part of the combustible gas is supplied with air from the three-stage tuyere 7 at the free board part D and burned, and the inside of the furnace is brought to a predetermined temperature. It is used as a heating heat source so that it can be treated to decompose harmful substances and tars generated by thermal decomposition of waste. The gas that has passed through the free board part D is discharged from a gas discharge port 3 provided in the upper part of the furnace to a secondary combustion chamber (not shown) outside the furnace. The gas contains a large amount of combustible gas, is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, recovers heat by a boiler (not shown), generates steam, and the steam is used for power generation and the like. The gas discharged from the boiler is removed with relatively coarse dust by a cyclone (not shown), further cooled by a temperature reducing device (not shown), and the harmful gas is removed by reaction with a harmful substance removing agent. After exhaust gas treatment such as dust removal with a dust collector (not shown), it is emitted from the chimney (not shown) to the atmosphere.

The waste is thermally decomposed in the waste pyrolysis section at the bottom of the waste accumulation layer C to generate gas, and the fixed carbon and ash generated by the pyrolysis descend with the coke and limestone to move through the moving layer B. Form. In the moving bed B, the temperature of the solid descending is increased by the high temperature gas rising from the coke packed bed A, and at the same time, the fixed carbon generated by the thermal decomposition of the waste is gasified by the high temperature CO ₂ gas. The In the coke packed bed A, the oxygen-enriched air blown from the main tuyere 5 burns the coke and the fixed carbon of the waste that remains without being gasified, and the heat of combustion melts the ash content of the waste, Molten metal is generated and discharged from the tap 4. Limestone works as a conditioner that makes the slag melted with ash preferable. Further, the generated high-temperature combustion gas rises and becomes a heat source for heating for thermal decomposition of the waste.

  In the lower part of the furnace below the main tuyere 5, coke packed bed A is formed in a state in which coke which is high in temperature but not burned out is filled while maintaining a gap between the coke lumps. Molten slag and molten metal Drops the gap between coke lumps and reaches the bottom of the furnace. The molten slag and molten metal are homogenized by the time they reach the bottom of the furnace, their properties are stabilized, discharged from the tap 4 provided at the bottom of the furnace, and supplied to a water granulator (not shown) provided outside the furnace. The supplied granulated slag and granulated metal are recovered by cooling and solidifying. Oxygen-enriched air blown from the main tuyere 5 and high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion of coke and fixed carbon rise from the coke packed bed A through the moving bed B to the waste deposit bed C. The waste is heated in the waste accumulation layer, and the waste in the waste pyrolysis section is partially oxidized and pyrolyzed by the air from the sub tuyere. In the coke packed bed A, the coke burns to become a heat source for ash melting and thermal decomposition, and the coke is not collapsed and crushed, maintaining the gap between the lumps, and oxygen-enriched air and high-temperature combustion gas It has the function of a high-temperature grate that ventilates and passes molten slag and molten metal.

  In the present embodiment, when the waste is gasified and melted in this way, the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer in the gasification melting furnace is measured by the infrared detector and the arithmetic device, and the layer height distribution is determined appropriately. The operating conditions are controlled by the control device so as to keep the temperature constant.

  First, the layer height distribution on the waste accumulation layer surface is calculated. In a layer height measuring method for measuring the height of a waste accumulation layer formed in a furnace body of a vertical cylindrical waste gasification melting furnace, an infrared detector is used at two positions spaced apart at the top of the furnace body. Radiation infrared rays from the surface of the waste accumulation layer are detected, a temperature distribution image consisting of a plurality of division images is formed for the region corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer, and the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device in the arithmetic unit The specific point selection for determining the section image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer is performed for each of the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions, and corresponds to the specific point in each temperature distribution image. By calculating the distance from the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by a stereo image method based on the positional relationship between the compartment images and the positional relationship between the two positions provided with the infrared detection device, Calculating a layer height at a fixed point, seeking bed height for a plurality of different specific points and calculates the bed height distribution for the waste deposit layer surface. In addition, the layer height can be measured continuously. Specifically, the position and the height of a specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer are obtained in the following manner.

(1) Coordinates are set for each of the two infrared detectors installed in the upper part of the furnace.
(2) Radiation infrared rays from the surface of the waste accumulation layer are detected by two infrared detection devices, and a temperature distribution image of the waste accumulation layer is formed respectively.
(3) A specific point on the waste accumulation layer is set on the temperature distribution image.
(4) The distance from the infrared detection device to the specific point is calculated by stereo imaging from the coordinates set in the infrared detection device and the positional relationship between the specific points of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image. The height position in the furnace, that is, the bed height is calculated.
(5) The position of the specific point is sequentially moved in the same manner, and (1) to (4) are repeated for the entire surface area of the waste accumulation layer to obtain a layer height distribution for the entire surface area of the waste accumulation layer.

  In addition, when the infrared detector is affected by the detection of radiant infrared radiation from the waste accumulation layer due to dust scattered in the furnace, high-pressure gas is jetted to the front of the infrared detector, The influence of dust can be temporarily reduced to enable good detection. As the gas, a gas that does not affect the detection of radiant infrared rays, such as air, exhaust gas, and nitrogen, is used.

  In this way, the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer in the furnace is obtained, and the operating conditions such as the amount of air blown from the main tuyere and the amount of waste input are controlled so as to keep the layer height distribution within an appropriate range. . The procedure is as follows.

A. When the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer is uneven The location where the layer height distribution is higher than the specified range is generated and is uneven. This means that the clinker (waste, during pyrolysis) It is possible to determine that the waste and the pyrolysis residue are stuck to the furnace wall and are not easily lowered. Therefore, the valve 5A is operated so as to increase the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere 5 at the circumferential position corresponding to the part that is higher than the predetermined range, and the coke combustion is promoted to reduce the temperature of the lower part of the furnace. The clinker staying is melted and removed to promote the lowering of the waste. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the location where the layer height is higher than the predetermined range is eliminated. Furthermore, with the operation at the main tuyere 5, the amount of waste supplied by the waste supply device 21 is decreased, the temperature of the waste is increased, and thermal decomposition and partial oxidation in the waste layer are promoted and stayed. The clinker may be melted and removed to promote the lowering of the waste.

B. When the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer deviates outside the predetermined range (i) When the layer height distribution of the waste deposition layer is higher than the predetermined range, thermal decomposition in the waste layer, part Since the oxidation is delayed and the waste is falling, the valve 5A is operated so as to increase the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere 5 to promote coke combustion and raise the temperature at the bottom of the furnace for disposal. It promotes thermal decomposition and partial oxidation in the material layer and promotes the fall of waste. Thereby, the layer height distribution can be within a predetermined range. Furthermore, along with the operation at the main tuyere 5, the amount of waste supplied by the waste supply device 21 is reduced, the temperature of the waste is increased, the thermal decomposition and partial oxidation in the waste layer are promoted, and the waste is lowered. It is good also as prompting.

  (Ii) When the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer is lower than the predetermined range, the thickness of the waste layer is thin, and the waste falls down without being sufficiently thermally decomposed and partially oxidized. The trouble which stays in the lower part arises. Therefore, the valve 5A is operated so as to reduce the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere 5, and the thermal decomposition and partial oxidation of waste are appropriately performed, and the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer is within a predetermined range. To. Alternatively, the amount of waste supplied by the waste supply device 21 is increased, the thickness of the waste layer is increased, and the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer is set within a predetermined range.

  In the present embodiment, two infrared detection devices are used in which the infrared detection device is fixedly arranged at two positions separated from each other. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and one infrared detection device is possible. . In that case, one infrared detector moves between the two positions, and is set so as to detect infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer when reaching each position.

  In the present invention, two or more fixedly arranged infrared detectors or an infrared detector that moves between two or more positions may be used to appropriately select two positions to obtain a temperature distribution image.

  Further, in the present embodiment, at least one of the amount of air blown from the main tuyere and the amount of waste input so as to obtain the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer in the furnace and keep the layer height distribution in an appropriate range. However, other operating conditions such as the amount of air blown from the sub tuyere and the amount of coke supplied may also be controlled.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste gasification melting furnace 2 Input port 5 Main tuyere 6 Sub tuyere 11 Infrared detector 11A, 11B Infrared detector 12 Arithmetic device 13 Control device

Claims (12)

In the waste accumulation layer height measuring device for measuring the height of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body of the vertical cylindrical waste gasification melting furnace,
An infrared detector that detects radiant infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer at two positions spaced apart from each other at the top of the furnace body, and forms a temperature distribution image composed of a plurality of compartment images for a region corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer; ,
An arithmetic unit that calculates the layer height based on the temperature distribution image information from the infrared detector;
The arithmetic unit selects a specific point for defining a partition image corresponding to a specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device, with respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device And calculating a layer height at the specific point, obtaining a layer height at a plurality of different specific points, and calculating a layer height distribution on the waste accumulation layer surface. Yes,
A waste accumulation layer height measuring apparatus characterized by the above.   The waste deposition layer height measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the infrared detecting device is fixedly arranged at each of two positions.   The waste deposition layer height measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the infrared detecting device is one movable infrared detecting device that repeatedly detects reciprocating motion at two positions and detects infrared rays when reaching each of the two positions. In the method for measuring the height of the waste accumulation layer for measuring the height of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body of the vertical cylindrical waste gasification melting furnace,
The infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer is detected by two infrared detectors at two positions separated from the top of the furnace body, and a temperature distribution image consisting of a plurality of compartment images is formed for the area corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer. ,
With respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the above-mentioned two positions, the calculation device selects a specific point that defines a partition image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device Calculating the layer height at the specific point, calculating the layer height for a plurality of different specific points, and calculating the layer height distribution for the waste accumulation layer surface,
A method for measuring a height of a waste accumulation layer.   The method for measuring the height of a waste accumulation layer according to claim 4, wherein the infrared detection is performed by an infrared detector fixedly disposed at each of two positions.   The method for measuring a height of a waste accumulation layer according to claim 4, wherein the infrared detection is performed when one movable infrared detection device that reciprocally moves in two positions reaches each of the two positions. Waste gasification and melting apparatus provided with a waste inlet at the top of a furnace body of a vertical cylindrical waste gasification and melting furnace, a main tuyere at the bottom, and a sub tuyere above the main tuyere In
An operation condition of the waste gasification and melting apparatus in response to information from the waste deposition layer height measuring device for measuring the height of the waste deposition layer formed in the furnace body and the waste deposition layer height measuring device And a control device for controlling
The waste deposition layer height measuring device detects the infrared radiation from the surface of the waste deposition layer at two positions separated from each other at the upper part of the furnace body, and detects the temperature composed of a plurality of compartment images for the region corresponding to the waste deposition layer surface. An infrared detector for forming a distribution image;
An arithmetic unit that calculates the layer height based on the temperature distribution image information from the infrared detector;
The arithmetic unit selects a specific point for defining a partition image corresponding to a specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device, with respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the two positions. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device Calculating a layer height at the specific point, calculating a layer height for a plurality of different specific points, and calculating a layer height distribution for the waste accumulation layer surface,
The control device receives the layer height distribution information of the waste accumulation layer from the arithmetic device and controls at least one of the supply amount of waste from the inlet and the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere. A waste gasification and melting apparatus characterized by that.   The waste gasification and melting device according to claim 7, wherein the infrared detection device is fixedly arranged at each of two positions.   8. The waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the infrared detection device is one movable infrared detection device that repeatedly detects reciprocating motion at two positions and detects infrared rays when reaching each of the two positions. Waste gasification and melting apparatus provided with a waste inlet at the top of a furnace body of a vertical cylindrical waste gasification and melting furnace, a main tuyere at the bottom, and a sub tuyere above the main tuyere In the waste gasification melting method by
Measure the layer height distribution of the waste accumulation layer formed in the furnace body, receive the layer height distribution information, control the operating conditions of the waste gasification and melting device,
Infrared detectors detect infrared radiation from the surface of the waste accumulation layer at two positions separated from each other at the top of the furnace body, and form a temperature distribution image consisting of a plurality of compartment images for the area corresponding to the surface of the waste accumulation layer.
With respect to the two temperature distribution images formed at the above-mentioned two positions, the calculation device selects a specific point that defines a partition image corresponding to the specific point on the surface of the waste accumulation layer on the temperature distribution image formed by the infrared detection device. From the upper part of the furnace body to the specific point by stereo image method based on the positional relationship of the section image corresponding to the specific point in each temperature distribution image and the positional relationship of the two positions provided with the infrared detection device By calculating the layer height at the specific point, calculating the layer height for a plurality of different specific points, calculating the layer height distribution on the waste accumulation layer surface,
Control at least one of the supply amount of waste from the inlet and the supply amount of oxygen-enriched air from the main tuyere based on the layer height distribution information of the waste accumulation layer from the arithmetic unit. A waste gasification melting method characterized by the above.   The waste gasification melting method according to claim 10, wherein the infrared detection is performed by an infrared detector fixedly disposed at each of two positions.   11. The waste gasification and melting method according to claim 10, wherein the infrared detection is performed when one movable infrared detection device that reciprocates at two positions reaches each of the two positions.

Images