JPH11141843A - Method and device of combustion control of waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain combustion of an incinerator which incinerates wastes containing moisture stably. SOLUTION: A supply drum 4 is provided at the outlet side of a transfer screw 2 which feeds wastes to an incinerator 8, and a flap damper 21 is provided opposite to the supply drum 4, so that the wastes which are fed into the incinerator are passed between the supply drum 4 and the flap damper 21. The flap damper 21 is oscillated at the angle corresponding to the size of the passing wastes, and the oscillation angle is extracted as an electric signal. This electric signal is used as the leading signal of the amount of the wastes to be charged into the incinerator 8, so as to perform the leading control of the amount of the wastes and combustion air to be supplied into the incinerator.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combustion control method and a combustion control apparatus for an incinerator, and more particularly to a method for maintaining a stable combustion state when the amount of heat generated from incinerated materials is not constant, such as municipal waste. The present invention relates to a combustion control method and a combustion control device for a waste incinerator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in incineration of municipal solid waste and the like, even if the supply of a fixed amount is controlled by a dust supply device, the shape of the garbage and the calorific value vary greatly, so that the burning speed fluctuates. Was difficult to maintain stably. In particular, in a fluidized bed incinerator that requires a continuous supply of a constant amount, the balance of the appropriate amount of combustion air tends to be lost due to an instantaneous overload or a shortage of a refuse supply, and CO and NOx value are easily generated. Waste quality varies greatly depending on social and economic conditions, seasons, and collection methods. For example, in summer, fruit garbage increases as typified by watermelon, the amount of water increases, and the calorific value decreases. In addition, the amount of water and the amount of heat generated differ greatly depending on the unit of supply of the trash every time the cranes that grab the garbage from the garbage pit of the garbage truck or the garbage disposal site.

Therefore, even if the amount of dust supplied is controlled to be constant,
The combustion state of the incinerator changed drastically, causing unburned gas such as carbon monoxide.

In the prior art, the combustion state of the incinerator was instantaneously determined in order to suppress a change in the combustion state, and the supply amount of combustion air and the amount of dust supplied were controlled. Incidentally, a device related to this type of device includes, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
And JP-A-3-148512.

Also, in order to suppress fluctuations in the amount of waste supplied,
Stabilize the supply by performing pre-crushing treatment of refuse, and capture changes in the brightness of the combustion flame in the incinerator, combustion gas drafts, and instantaneous temperature changes in the furnace as a technology for suppressing CO during incinerator combustion, and combusting It has been controlling the amount of air and the amount of dust.

[0006]

However, in the prior art described in the above-mentioned publication, the determination of the combustion state after the refuse is put into the incinerator is performed, and the follow-up control is performed. The combustion could not be completely controlled, and the instantaneous CO generation peak generated in the furnace could not be sufficiently suppressed. In particular, in the case of a temporary shortage of refuse supplied due to refuse consolidation in a dust supply device or the like, even if the combustion air is narrowed down afterwards, the furnace temperature often drops and a peak of CO generation often occurs.

[0007] The quality of the waste put into the incinerator changes at any time, and particularly when the amount of waste suddenly increases, the waste relies on adjustments based on the experience and intuition of the operator and has not been taken into account in control. Was. For this reason, adjustment based on the experience and intuition of the operator may sometimes worsen the combustion state in some cases. Attempts have been made to check the presence or absence of dust using a non-contact detection device such as a microwave type sensor as a sensor that detects the amount of dust supply at the input chute.
It is difficult to judge the size and instantaneous fluctuation of the dust due to errors and malfunctions due to the atmosphere on the inner surface of the chute. Therefore, the combustion control is not sufficient for suppressing CO.

[0008] Further, if the pre-crushing treatment of the garbage is sufficiently performed,
Although it is possible to control the amount of dust to be supplied at a constant rate, power costs for crushers and other maintenance and management costs are high, and in recent years, the system has been shifted to a non-crushing dust supply system that incinerates waste without crushing it. .

An object of the present invention is to stably maintain the combustion state of an incinerator without relying on the experience and intuition of the operator, suppress generation of harmful gas and unburned gas, and reduce fluctuations in the calorific value. It is in.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sensor for detecting the amount of dust supplied, which is provided on a charging chute and swings according to the size of dust passing through the charging chute. A change in the amount of dust is detected by continuously detecting the swing angle of the flap damper. Based on the detected change in the amount of dust supply, the combustion air ratio, the amount of air, the draft in the furnace, the number of rotations of the transfer screw of the dust supply device, and the position of the reverse screw for consolidation prevention are controlled.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to install a plurality of non-contact type water content sensors for detecting the water content on the side wall of the hopper of the dust-supplying device, and to incinerate the water content having a high correlation with the dust quality and the calorific value. It is also achieved by judging the waste quality and calorific value of the waste immediately before being put into the furnace, and preliminarily controlling the dust supply amount and the combustion air supply amount based on the determined waste quality. In order to reliably detect the water content, the sensor is installed in an environment where the transfer screw is compacted. In such an environment, for example, moisture contained in a bag or the like is released to the outside when the bag is torn by consolidation, so that it is possible to measure a moisture amount that is close to actual. The quality of waste and the calorific value are basically lower and higher as the amount of moisture is higher, and advance control is performed so that the amount of dust and the amount of supply of combustion air are suitable for them. Further, a stable combustion state can always be maintained by combining the conventional combustion control according to the combustion state. In the present invention, since the waste quality and the calorific value are in a proportional relationship, the waste quality is used as a word meaning the waste quality and the calorific value in the expression.

By controlling the combustion air ratio, the amount of air, the draft in the furnace, the number of rotations of the transfer screw of the dust supply device, and the position of the reverse screw for consolidation prevention, based on the detected change in the amount of dust, instantaneous Caused by fluctuations in dust supply
The operation which suppresses the generation of is enabled. If the flap damper is comb-shaped, the refuse that is normally coarsely crushed by the dust supply device and sent to the supply drum is put into the incinerator from between the comb blades of the flap damper. The swing angle of the damper is small. Compressible debris such as futons and tires that are not easily crushed even by the dust supply device may be sent out of the dust supply device to the supply drum in their original form.
At this time, the opening degree of the damper, that is, the swing angle greatly changes. The angle change at this time is taken out as an output signal of an output converter such as a differential transformer type position transmitter attached to the rotating shaft of the flap damper, and a combustion air amount control of an incinerator is provided as a control signal of a variation value of a dust supply amount. This is a preceding value for dust supply control and furnace draft control. Conventionally, signals obtained from the brightness sensor, draft sensor, instantaneous temperature sensor, etc. provided in the incinerator are information obtained after burning the refuse, and the combustion control using those signals was the follow-up control after the refuse was burned. On the other hand, the output signal taken out from the change in the angle of the flap damper is information on the change in the amount of dust immediately before being put into the incinerator, and is a leading value of the change in the amount of dust. The peak of the generated CO value can be suppressed. In addition, when garbage is clogged due to consolidation of garbage in the dust supply device and garbage cannot be sent to the incinerator,
By counting the time during which the flap damper does not operate with a timer and feeding it back to the in-furnace O ₂ control signal, it is possible to suppress the generation of CO due to a decrease in furnace temperature in the incinerator when the amount of waste is insufficient.

[0013] Further, since there is a high correlation between the quality of the waste and the amount of heat generated and the amount of water contained in the waste, a non-contact type moisture sensor is provided in the hopper of the dust supply device, and the waste immediately before being put into the incinerator. Detects the amount of water contained in. A reference range of the water content is determined in advance, and if the water content is within the reference range, it is determined that the waste is a reference waste, if it exceeds the reference range, it is determined that the waste is low quality, and if it is below the reference range, it is determined that the waste is high quality waste. In an environment where garbage is compacted, for example, moisture contained in a bag or the like is broken and released to the outside by the compaction, so that the actual amount of moisture can be measured.

The size and amount of the refuse to be thrown are detected by a flap sensor attached to the flap damper, the opening is detected, the moisture content is measured by a non-contact type moisture content sensor, and the refuse quality calculated based on the value is calculated. The primary air adjustment damper, the secondary air adjustment damper, and the tertiary air distribution damper are controlled in accordance with the control to control the air to be younger. Since the combustion air can be controlled in advance by detecting the property of the garbage immediately before charging, stable combustion that suppresses the generation of CO can be obtained.

For example, when the opening of the flap damper is detected to be "larger" than the set value, in order to perform slow combustion, the number of revolutions of the dust supply device is reduced, the primary air is throttled, and the secondary air is discharged at the empty tower. Increase to burn unburned components. For the tertiary air, the moisture content is measured by a non-contact moisture content sensor,
Control is performed based on the calculated waste quality. In the case of high order, increase the amount of air and perform control according to the brightness in the conventional furnace,
In the case of a low level, control is performed by reducing the amount of air.

If the flap damper opening is within the set range, the dust supply device controls both the primary and secondary air in accordance with the brightness in the furnace. Increases the amount of air, and throttles it when low. The air amount in the case of the reference is a preset required amount corresponding to the load.

If the opening of the flap damper is detected as "small", the primary air is set so as to secure the fluidized air amount irrespective of the quality of the waste, since the combustion in the fluidized bed is mainly performed. The secondary and tertiary air should be throttled and the number of revolutions of the dust supply device should be increased.

The control immediately after the charging is as described above, but the primary, secondary and tertiary air dampers are controlled by the brightness sensors installed at a plurality of locations at the two locations of the empty tower, and the rotational speed of the dust supply device is controlled. Measure the increase or decrease.

[0019]

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The illustrated municipal refuse incineration equipment includes a dust supply device 100 for feeding refuse, an incinerator 8 for incinerating the refuse supplied by the dust supply device 100, as in the case of the first embodiment, It is configured to include accessory equipment attached to the incinerator 8 and a control device for controlling the dust supply device 1 and the accessory equipment.

The dust supply device 100 includes a hopper 1 into which dust is charged, a transfer screw 2 disposed substantially horizontally at the bottom of the hopper 1 for transferring dust, and a dust feed device driving device 2A for driving the transfer screw. A consolidation preventing reverse feed screw (hereinafter simply referred to as a reverse feed screw) 3 which is disposed above the transfer screw 2 substantially in parallel with the transfer screw 2 and transfers dust in a direction opposite to the transfer screw 2; Screw driving device 3A for driving
And a cylinder 3B for moving the reverse screw for moving the reverse screw 3 forward and backward in the axial direction, a cylinder driving device 3C for driving expansion and contraction of the cylinder, a downstream end of the transfer screw 2 at the bottom of the hopper 1 and the incinerator 8. The input chute 37 to be connected, the supply drum 4 disposed at a position below the lower end of the transfer screw 2 and the upper end of the input chute 37, and the supply chute 37 is also disposed in the input chute 37 at a position facing the supply drum 4. And a flap damper 21.

The flap damper 21 is located at the entrance of the charging chute 37 together with the supply drum 4,
Is rotatable about a rotation axis 21A disposed in parallel with the horizontal rotation axis of the hopper, and when the size of the dust passing between the supply drum and the flap damper 21 is larger than a predetermined size, Swings by an angle corresponding to the size of Also, the flap damper 21
As shown in FIG. 3, a comb-shaped damper arm 21 is mounted on a rotating shaft 21A supported substantially horizontally by a damper bearing 21B.
C is fixed. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a differential transformer type position transmitter 38 is attached to the rotation shaft 21A of the flap damper 21 via a linkage 21D. The data is input to the adjustment recorder 39. The flap sensor 5 is composed of the differential transformer type position transmitter 38 and the angle indicating adjustment recorder 39.

The incinerator 8 is a fluidized bed incinerator provided with a fluidized air intake 11 at the bottom, and an in-furnace pressure gauge 9 for measuring and outputting the in-furnace pressure is provided at the upper part of the furnace. Is a luminance sensor 13 for detecting and outputting the luminance of the combustion flame, and an oxygen concentration meter 1 for detecting and outputting the oxygen concentration at a combustion gas outlet (flue) 40.
0 are respectively mounted.

The auxiliary equipment includes a fluidizing / secondary air blowing system for supplying fluidized air (primary air) and secondary air to the incinerator 8, and a tertiary air blowing system for supplying tertiary air. I have. The fluidizing / secondary air blower system includes a fluidizing / secondary air blower 16, an air intake pipe 34 connected to the air intake thereof and interposed with the adjustment damper 23, and a fluidizing / secondary air blower 16.
A fluidizing / secondary air blower discharge pipe 24 connected to the discharge side of the secondary air blower 16 and having a downstream end connected to the fluidized air intake 11; Primary and secondary air flow meter 3 interposed in pipe 24
2, the fluidized air adjusting damper 22 interposed in the fluidized / secondary air blower discharge pipe 24 downstream of the primary / secondary air flowmeter 32, and the fluidized primary / secondary air flowmeter 32 A secondary air supply pipe 25 which is branched and connected to a fluidizing / secondary air blower discharge pipe 24 between the air adjusting dampers 22 and has a downstream end connected to the incinerator 8 is connected to the secondary air supply pipe 25. It is configured to include a mounted secondary air adjustment damper 26, and a secondary air flow meter 27 interposed in a secondary air supply pipe 25 downstream of the secondary air adjustment damper 26.

The tertiary air blower includes a tertiary air blower 17.
And an air intake pipe 35 connected to the air intake and interposed with an adjustment damper 28, and a tertiary air blower 17
And a tertiary air blower discharge pipe 29 having a downstream end connected to the incinerator 8, a tertiary air flow meter 33 interposed in the tertiary air blower discharge pipe 29, and a tertiary air flow meter A blower discharge pipe 2 for tertiary air downstream of 33
9 and a tertiary air blower discharge pipe 29 between the tertiary air flow meter 33 and the tertiary air adjustment damper 30 and connected to the tertiary air adjustment damper 30 at the downstream end thereof.
And a tertiary air adjustment damper 31 interposed in the tertiary air supply pipe 36.

The control device controls the rotation speed of the transfer screw 2, the reverse screw 3, the supply drum 4 and the position of the moving cylinder 3B, and the swing angle of the flap damper 21. A flap sensor 5 for detecting and outputting, the flap sensor 5, the brightness sensor 13,
The in-furnace pressure gauge 9, the oxygen concentration meter 10, the air flow meters 27, 32, 33, the respective adjustment dampers 22, 23, 26,
28, 30, 31, and the rotation speed control unit 7, and the respective adjustment dampers 22, 23, 26, 28, 30, 31
And an automatic combustion control device 1 for controlling the rotation speed control unit 7
8 is included.

The operation of the apparatus having the above configuration will be described below.
The refuse is put into the hopper 1 by a lifting and conveying means such as a crane, and is sent toward the inlet of the input chute 37 at the bottom of the hopper 1 while being crushed and dispersed by the transfer screw 2. Garbage sent by the transfer screw 2
The powder is also crushed and dispersed by the consolidation preventing reverse feed screw 3 at the same time, and is charged into the incinerator 8 by the supply drum 4 via the charging chute 37. At this time, the dust put into the charging chute 37 by the supply drum 4 is
Passes between the supply drum 4 and the flap damper 21 provided at a position facing the supply drum 4 at the entrance of the flap damper 21, and the flap damper 21 changes its opening degree according to the size of the dust passing therethrough.

The opening degree of the flap damper 21 is converted by the flap sensor 5 into an electric signal such as 4 to 20 mA DC, and the automatic combustion control device 18 of the incinerator and the dust supply device 1
It is transmitted to the rotation speed control unit 7 of 00 and becomes an input value of the preceding control of each control. The degree of opening of the flap damper 21 may be, for example, a case where large dust that causes a rapid combustion change is input, or a case where the dust is not supplied from the dust supply device and the furnace temperature decreases.
An opening (reference opening) serving as a control reference is set in advance so that the preceding control functions properly when the preceding control is required for the CO control.

When a large amount of dust whose flap damper opening exceeds the reference opening is thrown, the automatic combustion control device 18
, The primary air amount (fluidized air amount) is rapidly narrowed by the fluidized air adjusting damper 22, and the fluidized state is set to slow combustion.
Slowly burns excessively input garbage. In order to compensate for the insufficient air amount, the primary air amount (fluidized air amount) is reduced, and at the same time, the secondary air adjustment damper 26 is opened.
Adjustment damper 28, tertiary air adjustment dampers 30, 31
Is opened to control the tertiary air blower 17 to send an appropriate amount of air. The combustion state is monitored by the brightness sensor 13, the furnace outlet oxygen concentration meter 10, and the furnace pressure gauge 9,
The outputs of these sensors are used to make the combustion state more appropriate. On the other hand, the rotation speed control unit 7 rapidly reduces the rotation speed of the transfer screw 2 and
3. After confirming that the in-furnace combustion condition output from the furnace outlet oxygen concentration meter 10 and the furnace pressure gauge 9 is normal, the rotation is returned to normal.

When the supply of waste is insufficient, the angle indication adjustment recorder 3
9 continuously counts the closing time of the flap damper 21, and if there is no opening signal exceeding the lower limit opening even if the set time is exceeded, it is determined that the dust supply is insufficient, and the automatic combustion control device 18 A garbage shortage signal is output to the control unit 7. The automatic combustion control device 18 having received the garbage shortage signal rapidly narrows the amount of air discharged from the tertiary air blower 17 by the adjustment damper 28, reduces the opening degree of the secondary air adjustment damper 26, and reduces the furnace temperature due to the garbage supply shortage. Reduces CO and generation of CO. In addition, the rotation speed control unit 7 receiving the dust shortage signal increases the rotation speed of the transfer screw 2 rapidly,
In order to expedite the introduction of the refuse into the incinerator, the cylinder screw 3B is operated by the cylinder driving device 3C to move the reverse screw 3 so as to be pulled out from the hopper 1 to the charging chute side. To recover the dust supply. When the amount of dust (opening degree) output by the flap sensor 5 becomes normal (predetermined range), the reverse screw 3 is returned to the normal position.

There is a variation in the shape of the refuse introduced into the incinerator from the dust supply device, and the refuse hard to discharge in the transfer screw 2 is temporarily compacted. However, these fluctuations in the supply amount cause combustion fluctuations, but according to the present embodiment, the air is changed according to the flap damper opening degree that changes according to the size of the refuse supplied to the input chute 37. Since the control operation such as the opening control of the amount adjustment damper is performed, the dust supply amount and the combustion air amount can be controlled prior to the actual combustion. In particular, in the case of a shortage of refuse, the follow-up control using a luminance sensor or the like delays the determination of deemed in-furnace, causing a decrease in furnace temperature,
CO is generated. According to this embodiment, the flap sensor reliably detects the dust supply shortage, rapidly reduces the combustion air, prevents a decrease in the furnace temperature, and enables a rapid recovery of the dust supply amount. In the example, when the opening degree of the flap damper does not exceed the lower limit opening degree during the preset time, it is determined that the dust supply is insufficient. However, the opening of the flap damper during the preset time by the angle indicating adjustment recorder 39 is determined. Accumulate degrees,
When the total value does not exceed a preset value, it may be determined that the refuse is insufficient.

The air used for combustion in the incinerator is a blower for fluidized air / secondary air 16 and a blower for tertiary air 17
Are the fluidized air, secondary air and tertiary air which are sent by the controller. The outputs of the luminance sensor 13 and the oxygen concentration meter 10 are mainly used for control based on the determination of the combustion state.

Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the municipal waste incineration equipment to which the present invention is applied. The illustrated waste incineration equipment includes a dust supply device 100 for feeding waste and an incineration for incinerating the waste fed by the dust supply device 100. It is configured to include a furnace 8, accessory equipment attached to the incinerator 8, and a control device for controlling the dust supply device 100 and the accessory equipment.

The dust supply device 100 includes a hopper 1 into which dust is charged, a transfer screw 2 disposed substantially horizontally at the bottom of the hopper 1 to transfer the dust, and a transfer screw 2 substantially parallel to the transfer screw 2 above the transfer screw 2. And a plurality of reverse feed screws 3 disposed on the wall of the hopper 1 and mounted on a wall parallel to the axis of the transfer screw 2 between the transfer screw 2 and the reverse feed screw 3 of the hopper 1. A non-contact type water content sensor 6, a charging chute 37 connecting the downstream end of the transfer screw 2 at the bottom of the hopper 1 and the incinerator 8, and a supply disposed below the downstream end of the transfer screw 2 in the charging chute 37. A drum 4, a flap damper 21 similarly disposed in the charging chute 37 at a position facing the supply drum 4, and a wall surface above the transfer screw 2 of the hopper 1. Is configured to include mounting the consolidation prevention device 19 that is, the. The flap damper 21 is swingable about a rotation axis arranged in a horizontal direction. When the size of the dust passing between the supply drum and the flap damper 21 is larger than a predetermined size, the dust is removed. It swings by an angle according to the size.
As the non-contact moisture content sensor 6, an infrared type sensor was used.

The incinerator 8 is a fluidized bed incinerator provided with a fluidized air intake 11 at the bottom. An in-furnace pressure gauge 9 for measuring and outputting the in-furnace pressure is provided at the upper part of the furnace. Are brightness sensors 13A and 13B for detecting and outputting the brightness of the combustion flame.
However, an oxygen concentration meter 10 for detecting and outputting the oxygen concentration is attached to each of the combustion gas outlets.

The auxiliary equipment includes a fluidizing / secondary air blowing system for supplying fluidized air (primary air) and secondary air to the incinerator 8, and a tertiary air blowing system for supplying tertiary air. I have. The fluidizing / secondary air blower system includes a fluidizing / secondary air blower 16, an air intake pipe 34 connected to the air intake thereof and interposed with the adjustment damper 23, and a fluidizing / secondary air blower 16.
A fluidizing / secondary air blower discharge pipe 24 connected to the discharge side of the secondary air blower 16 and having a downstream end connected to the fluidized air intake 11; Primary and secondary air flow meter 3 interposed in pipe 24
2, the fluidized air adjusting damper 22 interposed in the fluidized / secondary air blower discharge pipe 24 downstream of the primary / secondary air flow meter 32, and the fluidized primary / secondary air flow meter 32 A secondary air supply pipe 25 which is branched and connected to a fluidizing / secondary air blower discharge pipe 24 between the air adjusting dampers 22 and has a downstream end connected to the incinerator 8 is connected to the secondary air supply pipe 25. It is configured to include a mounted secondary air adjustment damper 26, and a secondary air flow meter 27 interposed in a secondary air supply pipe 25 downstream of the secondary air adjustment damper 26.

The tertiary air blower includes a tertiary air blower 17.
And an air intake pipe 35 connected to the air intake and interposed with an adjustment damper 28, and a tertiary air blower 17
And a tertiary air blower discharge pipe 29 having a downstream end connected to the incinerator 8, a tertiary air flow meter 33 interposed in the tertiary air blower discharge pipe 29, and a tertiary air flow meter A blower discharge pipe 2 for tertiary air downstream of 33
9 and a tertiary air blower discharge pipe 29 between the tertiary air flow meter 33 and the tertiary air adjustment damper 30 and connected to the tertiary air adjustment damper 30 at the downstream end thereof.
And a tertiary air adjustment damper 31 interposed in the tertiary air supply pipe 36.

Further, the control device includes the transfer screw 2
And a rotation speed control unit 7 for controlling the rotation speed of the supply drum 4,
A flap sensor 5 for detecting and outputting the swing angle of the flap damper 21; the flap sensor 5;
A, 13B, the furnace pressure gauge 9, the oxygen concentration meter 10,
The air flow meters 27, 32, 33, each adjustment damper 22,
23, 26, 28, 30, 31, and the rotation speed control unit 7, and each of the adjustment dampers 22, 23, 26, 28,
30 and 31 and an automatic combustion control device 18 for controlling the rotation speed control unit 7.

The air used for combustion in the incinerator is a blower 16 for fluidized air / secondary air and a blower 17 for tertiary air.
, And secondary air and tertiary air. The outputs of the luminance sensors 13A and 13B and the oximeter 10 are mainly used for control based on the determination of the combustion state.

FIG. 5 shows details of the installation position of the non-contact moisture sensor 6, and FIG. 6 shows a control example. The non-contact type moisture content sensor 6 is mounted at two places at the consolidation locations near the outlet of the transfer screw 2 on both sides of the wall of the hopper 1 between the transfer screw 2 and the reverse screw 3. This position is
It is a part where there is always garbage at the bottom of the hopper 1, and can always detect the moisture content of garbage. It can detect the moisture content of garbage that is sure to be put into the incinerator after a few seconds. Can be detected, so that there is an advantage that a time margin for control can be secured.

The operation of the apparatus having the above configuration will be described below.
The garbage can be removed from the hopper 1 of the dust supply device 100 by a crane or the like.
Is loaded from above. The thrown in dust is driven by the transfer screw 2 and moves laterally at the bottom of the hopper, and falls onto the rotating supply drum 4 with the rotation axis substantially horizontal. The refuse that has fallen on the supply drum 4 is sent into the incinerator 8 through the charging chute 37. Although the refuse sent into the incinerator 8 accumulates at the bottom of the furnace, it is fluidized by the fluidizing air supplied from the fluidizing air intake 11 and is located above the fluidized air and the fluidized bed of the incinerator. Combustion by secondary air and tertiary air sent to

A non-contact type moisture sensor 6 is installed on the bottom of the hopper 1 and on the inner wall surface of the hopper at a height just above the transfer screw 2, and refuse transferred by the transfer screw 2, that is, put into an incinerator. The moisture content of the garbage immediately before it is detected is output to the automatic combustion control device 18. In the automatic combustion control device 18, the relationship between the water content and the waste quality shown in the graph of FIG. 7 is stored and stored as a function, and based on the water content input from the non-contact type moisture content sensor 6, Quality is determined. In addition, the dust that has fallen on the supply drum 4 passes between the supply drum 4 and the flap damper 21 and is guided to the charging chute 37. If the size of the lump is larger than the predetermined size, the flap damper 21
To swing the flap damper 21 at an angle corresponding to the size of the lump of dust. The angle of the swing is detected by the flap sensor 5 and output to the automatic combustion control device 18 as a dust size signal.

The automatic combustion control device 18 performs the following control based on the waste quality determined from the input moisture content signal and the input waste size signal.

(1) When the flap sensor 5 detects large dust exceeding the set value Immediately after the detection, the rotation speed of the dust supply device is reduced, and the discharge air volume of the fluidizing / secondary air blower 16 is increased. Adjustment damper 2
2 is closed in steps between 5 and 10 seconds to promote slow burning. In order to burn the unburned components generated in the process,
The secondary air adjustment damper 26 is opened, and the tertiary air is controlled as follows according to the quality of the refuse.

If the waste quality is higher than the reference value, the mixing ratio of plastics and vinyl chloride is high, so that the volatile matter is large. Increase to promote combustion.

When the refuse quality is the reference value, the tertiary air amount is controlled according to the luminance of the combustion flame, which is a conventional operation method.

When the refuse quality is lower than the reference value, the amount of tertiary air is controlled to be narrowed because the refuse has a large amount of moisture and a large specific gravity and a high combustion rate in the bed.

After that, in the brightness sensors 13A and 13B provided in the upper and lower rows of the sky tower portion, the upper brightness sensor 13A
When the output of A exceeds the set value (a flame is detected), the flow rate of the fluidized / secondary air blower 16 is returned to the flow rate corresponding to the load, and the adjustment damper 22 is gradually opened to release the primary air. The air volume is set to the air volume corresponding to the load, and the control is performed according to the outputs of the brightness sensors 13A and 13B.

(2) When the value of the dust size signal is within the set value range The amount of fluidized air and the amount of secondary air are determined by the brightness sensors 13A, 1
Controlled according to the output of 3B, the amount of tertiary air is controlled as follows.

When the refuse quality is higher than the reference value, the amount of tertiary air is increased and the tertiary air is burned in the empty tower portion because a large amount of volatile components is volatilized immediately as described above.

When the dust quality is a reference value, the amount of tertiary air is controlled according to the outputs of the brightness sensors 13A and 13B.

When the waste quality is lower than the reference value, the combustion rate is low, the combustion rate in the bed is high, and the amount of unburned matter is small. Therefore, the amount of tertiary air is reduced, and the damper is adjusted depending on the combustion state. The opening degree of 30, 31 is set to 0, and tertiary air is not used.

Also in this case, when the output of the luminance sensor 13A exceeds the set value (a flame is detected), the luminance sensor 13A
Control is performed according to the outputs of A and 13B.

(3) When the value of the dust size signal is lower than the set value. Regardless of the waste quality, the adjusting damper 22 is controlled so as to secure the fluidized air. The secondary air adjustment dampers 26 and the tertiary air adjustment dampers 30, 31 are closed.

Also in this case, when the output of the luminance sensor 13A exceeds the set value (a flame is detected), the luminance sensor 13A
Control is performed according to the outputs of A and 13B.

FIG. 8 shows the control flow described above. It should be noted that the reference value of the refuse quality in the above description is not necessarily a specific value, but may indicate a certain range.

The automatic combustion control device 18 has
A function indicating the relationship between the amount of water and the waste shown in FIG. 7 is stored, and the amount of water corresponding to the reference value (reference range) of the waste is set. If the water content is within this reference range, the waste quality is determined to be a reference value, if the water content is outside the reference range, the waste quality is determined to be low, and if the water content is below the reference range, the waste quality is determined to be high.

By such control, it has become possible to perform advanced control which has been difficult so far and realizes combustion suitable for the quality and quantity of waste. Furthermore, by combining control according to the conventional combustion state, a more stable combustion state can be maintained, and the amount of unburned gas generated during incineration of refuse is reduced.

In the above embodiment, the water content is compared with the reference range, and the quality of the waste is defined as three levels: standard waste, high-order waste, and low-order waste.
Classification into species and control corresponding to this classification is performed, but the reference value of water content is set to 3 points or 4 points or more, and the classification of waste is set to 4 types or 5 types or more, and it corresponds to each classification. The amount of dust supplied and the amount of combustion air may be controlled. The control based on the outputs of the luminance sensor and the oximeter has been described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 10-284, and the description is omitted.

In the case of a refuse incinerator, the waste heat of the combustion gas is often used for district heating and power generation. According to the above-described embodiment, especially when the power generation equipment is provided, the heat generation constant control is effective. There is an effect that can be realized.

In the above-described embodiment, the non-contact type moisture sensor directly detects the moisture content of the refuse and determines the refuse quality having a high correlation with the moisture content and uses it for control. The waste can be controlled by preheating the incinerator by preheating and detecting the amount of evaporation of water at that time.

Parts not particularly mentioned in the description of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment are used in the drawings. And the description is omitted.

[0062]

According to the present invention, fluctuations in the amount of waste input can be grasped immediately before the waste is injected into the incinerator, and the combustion control can be performed as a preceding control value of the combustion control. It is possible to operate the incinerator while suppressing CO generated during incineration of municipal solid waste and the like having a large change in the calorific value, thereby safely operating the incinerator and reducing harmful gases such as CO and NOx. In addition, even when the quality and shape of incinerated materials such as municipal waste are different, it is possible to easily suppress sudden combustion changes and unburned gas generation simply by adding a non-contact moisture content sensor to conventional equipment. And for the remaining heat utilization equipment,
In particular, there is an effect that effective heat generation amount constant control can be realized when a power generation facility is provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing details of a portion shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing details of a section taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing details of a portion shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a control flow according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between waste quality and the water content of the waste.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention in which the size and the amount of moisture are detected and controlled.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hopper 2 Transfer screw 2A Dust feeding device driving device 3 Reverse feeding screw 3A Reverse feeding screw driving device 3B Reverse feeding screw moving cylinder 3C Cylinder driving device 4 Supply drum 5 Flap sensor 6 Non-contact type moisture content sensor 7 Revolution control unit Reference Signs List 8 incinerator 9 in-furnace pressure gauge 10 oxygen concentration meter 11 fluidized air intake 12 secondary air intake 13, 13A, 13B luminance sensor 14 tertiary air intake 15 tertiary air intake 16 fluidizing / secondary air blower Reference Signs List 17 tertiary air blower 18 automatic combustion control device 19 anti-consolidation device 21 flap damper 21A damper rotating shaft 21B damper bearing 21C damper arm 21D linkage 22 fluidizing air adjustment damper 23 adjustment damper 24 fluidizing / secondary air blower discharge pipe 25 Secondary air supply piping 2 6 Secondary air adjustment damper 27 Secondary air flow meter 28 Adjustment damper 29 Tertiary air blower discharge pipe 30 Tertiary air adjustment damper 31 Tertiary air adjustment damper 32 Primary and secondary air flow meter 33 Tertiary air flow meter 34 Air intake pipe 35 Air intake pipe 36 Tertiary air supply pipe 37 Injection chute 38 Differential transformer type position transmitter 39 Angle indicating adjustment recorder 40 Combustion gas outlet (flue) 100 Dust supply device

Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tadashi Satake 1-2-1 Isogo, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside the Babcock Hitachi, Ltd. Yokohama Engineering Center (72) Inventor Kozo Shibuya 1-1-2 Isogo, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa No. 10 Babcock Hitachi Co., Ltd. Yokohama Engineering Center

Claims (12)

[Claims] In a combustion control method for a refuse incineration facility, refuse is introduced into an incinerator through a charging chute by a dust supply device, and the charged refuse is incinerated with combustion air supplied to the incinerator. Fluctuations in the amount of waste put into the chute are detected by a flap damper that swings according to the size of the passing waste, and control of the amount of waste put into the incinerator and combustion control are performed according to the detection result. A method for controlling combustion in a refuse incinerator. 2. As a procedure for controlling the amount of refuse to be injected, a back-feed screw for preventing consolidation provided at the entrance of the input chute is made movable in the axial direction, and the detected amount of refuse is turned around a predetermined amount. 2. The combustion control method for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: moving the consolidation preventing reverse feed screw in the direction of the input chute in the axial direction to increase the input refuse amount. 3. The combustion control of a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a change in the amount of the refuse is detected as a physical quantity that changes according to the rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the flap damper that swings. Method. 4. A combustion control method for a refuse incineration facility in which refuse whose input amount is measured by a dust supply device is supplied into an incinerator, and the supplied refuse is incinerated with combustion air supplied to the incinerator. A method for controlling the combustion of refuse incinerators, wherein the amount of refuse introduced into the hopper of the dust supply device is detected by a moisture sensor and the combustion of the refuse in the incinerator is controlled according to the change. . 5. The method for controlling combustion in a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the reference values of the amount of combustion air and the amount of refuse input are changed according to the detected moisture content of the refuse. 6. A combustion control device of a refuse incineration plant for introducing refuse into an incinerator through a charging chute by a dust supply device and incinerating the charged refuse with combustion air supplied to the incinerator. A flap damper provided on the throwing chute and swinging in accordance with the size of dust passing through the throwing chute; a converting means for detecting a swing angle of the flap damper and converting it into an electric signal; and an output of the converting means. And a control means for controlling the dust supply device and the amount of combustion air by using the electric signal as an input. 7. A dust feeder is provided at an inlet of a charging chute and includes an anti-consolidation reverse feeding screw which is movable in an axial direction. The anti-consolidation reverse feeding screw sets a detected amount of input dust in advance. 7. The combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 6, wherein the device can move in the direction of the charging chute in the axial direction when rotating by the set amount. 8. The combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 6, wherein the damper surface of the flap damper is constituted by a damper arm fixed to the rotating shaft of the damper in a comb-shape. . 9. A combustion control device for a refuse incineration plant in which refuse is supplied into an incinerator via a hopper, and the supplied refuse is incinerated with combustion air supplied to the incinerator. It comprises a non-contact moisture sensor that is installed on a wall surface and detects and outputs the moisture content of refuse supplied to the incinerator, and an automatic control device that controls incineration of the refuse in the incinerator according to the change. A combustion control device for a refuse incinerator. 10. A transfer screw for sending out debris and a reverse screw having an axis parallel to the transfer screw are provided at the bottom of the hopper, and the non-contact type moisture sensor is provided between the transfer screw and the reverse screw. The combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 9, wherein the combustion control device is provided on a bottom side wall surface of the hopper. 11. The automatic control device according to claim 9, wherein the automatic control device controls a supply rate of the refuse from the hopper to the incinerator and an amount of combustion air supplied to the incinerator. A combustion control device for a refuse incinerator as described in the above. 12. The combustion control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 6, wherein the incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator.