JP4291670B2 - Waste supply device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste supply device that supplies waste such as sewage sludge and municipal waste to a gasifier, and more specifically, sealability that can be employed for a gasifier, and determination of waste. The present invention relates to a waste supply apparatus having excellent supply performance.

  In recent years, gasification furnaces that can simultaneously reduce the volume of waste and make ash harmless have attracted attention. Such a gasification furnace is supplied with waste by a waste supply device having a crushing function for crushing waste such as garbage. As such a waste supply device, for example, as will be described later. What constitutes is known.

  A waste supply apparatus called a dust supply apparatus according to the conventional example 1 pushes out waste introduced into a waste hopper by a hydraulic pusher and supplies it between a support base and a crushing rotor. The waste is roughly crushed by the fixed blade of the support base and the rotary blade provided around the outer periphery of the crushing rotor, and the coarsely crushed waste is supplied to the incinerator through the discharge port ( For example, see Patent Document 1.)

  By the way, since the gasification furnace performs drying, separation, and gasification of garbage, unlike conventional incinerators, partial combustion is performed at a low air ratio (incomplete combustion). There is a combustible gas or the like. The basic structure of the incinerator and the gasification furnace is almost the same, and the opening leading to the outside of the furnace body is mainly a supply port for introducing waste or the like. In other words, air leakage from the outside, gas leakage to the outside, and the like are mainly performed through the waste supply port. In the said incinerator, it is not regarded as important as the gasification furnace with respect to the leakage of the air from the outside. Therefore, the waste supply apparatus according to Conventional Example 1 cannot be employed as a waste supply apparatus for a gasification furnace.

  In addition, the garbage is only roughly crushed and may contain long objects such as strings and wires. For this reason, when a roughly crushed garbage, a string or a wire such as a string or wire, which is temporarily caught, is released, there is a possibility that the garbage may fall off. If garbage falls off, the internal pressure of the gasifier becomes positive, leading to gas leaks. Therefore, it is extremely important to improve the quantitative supply performance of waste from the waste supply equipment. By improving the quantitative supply performance of waste, the generation of harmful components of exhaust gas, the fluctuation of gas generation, and the performance of gasification plants are improved. And the margin rate of equipment can be reduced, leading to cost reduction of the gasification plant. However, the waste supply apparatus according to Conventional Example 1 cannot be employed as a waste supply apparatus for a gasification furnace because there is a problem with the quantitative supply performance of waste.

  By the way, a waste supply apparatus (conventional example 2) that solves the problem of the waste supply apparatus according to the conventional example 1 and can be used in a gasification furnace is known. Hereinafter, the waste gas supply device of the “gasification and melting system” according to Conventional Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 showing a configuration of an inert gas blowing portion provided between a garbage hopper and a garbage supply chute. explain.

That is, in the waste supply apparatus according to the second conventional example, garbage is introduced from the storage pit into the dust supply hopper 51, and a predetermined amount of garbage is passed through the pipe 53, the seal mechanism 54, and the supply chute 5 by the fixed quantity feeder 52. Thus, it is configured to be supplied to the fluidized bed 57 of the gasification furnace 56. The seal mechanism 54 includes two rotary valves 54 a and 54 b disposed in the pipe 53. That is, at the time of trip, an inert gas is blown from the pipe 58, and the space between the two rotary valves 54a and 54b is filled with the inert gas. Then, a part of the injected inert gas is caused to flow into the gasification furnace 56, while surplus inert gas is discharged through the pipe 59, or discharged to the metering feeder 52 and the feed hopper 51 through the rotary valve 54 a. It is comprised as follows. In the case of the waste supply apparatus according to the second conventional example, a double damper, a double gate valve, or the like can be used instead of the rotary valve (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-64322 JP 2002-22127 A

  Since the waste supply apparatus according to Conventional Example 2 is for a gasification furnace, it is considered that the sealing property is certainly superior to the waste supply apparatus according to Conventional Example 1. However, the fixed quantity feeder according to the conventional example 2 cannot always supply the fixed quantity of garbage. In other words, various types of garbage include long items such as strings and wires, and also include large and small garbage. Considering this, there will be large variations in the amount of waste supplied. In addition, since a mechanical sealing means is provided by a rotary valve, troubles due to dust bite are likely to occur. In addition, when trying to improve the sealing performance with this rotary valve, the space with the chute is made as small as possible, but this conversely increases the occurrence rate of clogging due to the jamming of dust. Accordingly, with respect to the quantitative supply of waste, as in the case of the waste supply apparatus according to the above-described conventional example 1, there is a possibility that the waste may fall off. In addition, since an inert gas blowing system is required and the pipeline system becomes complicated, this is also disadvantageous in terms of equipment costs.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a waste supply apparatus that is excellent in sealing performance and the quantitative supply performance of waste.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the means adopted by the waste supply apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention is put into a waste hopper. In a waste supply apparatus provided with a dust supply chute for crushing waste with a crusher and supplying the crushed waste to a gasification furnace, the gas is provided by a material seal of the waste filled in the dust supply chute. A seal chute part that shuts off the atmosphere between the chemical furnace and the waste supply device is provided, and a waste supply stop signal is sent to this seal chute part when a filled waste is detected. The first waste detection means for stopping the supply of the waste is provided, and when the waste is no longer detected, a waste supply start signal is transmitted to start the supply of the waste into the seal chute portion. That together with the second providing a waste detection means, on the downstream side of the seal chute, a dispersion-on machine for dispersing introducing waste that is filled in said sealing chute portion, discarded dispersed charged from the dispersion introduced machine A waste extrusion screw for extruding an object, and a waste accumulation level detecting means for detecting the accumulation level of the waste in a horizontal portion of the seal chute and controlling the dispersion charging machine, the gasifier The present invention is characterized in that a waste quantitative supply means for quantitatively supplying waste is provided.

The means adopted by the waste supply apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention is the waste supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the diameter of the waste extrusion screw is d, the waste is the waste. When the waste accumulation level detecting means detects that the material has accumulated until d / 2 from the upper end of the blade of the product extrusion screw, an upper limit accumulation height signal of the waste is transmitted, and the dispersion charging machine is stopped. characterized in that the configuration was.

Means adopted by the waste supply apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention is the waste supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the seal chute portion is filled. When the waste is no longer detected, a seal state detecting means is provided for transmitting a sealability failure signal of the waste material seal .

The waste feeding device according to claim 4 of the present invention employs the waste feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the waste feeding device is located at a front end position of the waste pushing screw. A waste crusher for crushing the waste extruded from the waste extrusion screw is provided.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the waste supply apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein a lower seal means is provided between the waste crusher and the gasifier in the waste supply apparatus according to the fourth aspect. It is characterized by that.

  Means adopted by the waste supply apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention is the waste supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seal chute part has a waste inlet side. Further, an upper seal means is provided.

According to the waste supply apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention, a waste supply stop signal is transmitted to the seal chute portion provided in the feeding chute when a filled waste is detected. A first waste detection means for stopping the supply of waste to the second, and when no waste is detected, a waste supply start signal is transmitted to start the supply of waste into the seal chute portion. In addition to providing waste detection means, on the downstream side of the seal chute portion, a dispersion input device for supplying the waste charged in the seal chute portion in a distributed manner, and the waste input from the distributed input device are pushed. A waste extrusion screw to be discharged, and a waste accumulation level detection means for detecting the accumulation level of the waste in the horizontal portion of the seal chute and controlling the dispersion charging machine. Quantitatively supplying waste dispenser means is provided waste into the gasifier. Accordingly, a waste supply start signal, a waste supply stop signal, and a sealability failure signal of the material seal are output according to the amount of waste filled in the seal chute, and the supply of waste is performed based on these signals. The sealability of the material seal can be ensured by starting and stopping the supply of waste. In addition, since a waste quantitative supply means for quantitatively supplying waste to the gasification furnace is provided on the waste discharge side of the seal chute part, a fixed amount of waste is supplied to the gasification furnace. be able to. Moreover, a floor (space) for securing a material seal and a distributed charging machine having two functions of supplying waste to the waste extrusion screw are provided at the lower part of the seal chute, Since the compacted waste can be supplied to the waste extrusion screw in a crushed state, the waste can be prevented from being compacted.

According to the waste supply apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention, the upper limit deposition height of the waste is distributed by the distributed input machine whose operation is controlled by the upper limit deposition height signal of the waste transmitted from the waste deposition level detection means. Thus, the waste is distributedly input to the waste quantitative supply means. The waste stacking height on the waste extrusion screw is low (thickness of the waste layer is thin), and the compaction of the waste with the waste extrusion screw is suppressed as much as possible. The amount of waste within the upper limit deposition height is quantitatively discharged from the extrusion screw, and the waste is quantitatively supplied to the gasification furnace.

According to the waste supply apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention, when the waste filled in the seal chute is no longer detected, the seal state detection outputs a seal failure signal of the waste material seal. Means are provided. Therefore, it is possible to prevent leakage of air from the outside or leakage of gas to the outside by taking measures based on the sealing failure signal from the sealing state detection means. There is no need to provide an inert gas supply system for supplying gas.

  According to the waste supply apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention, since the waste extruded from the waste extrusion screw is crushed by the waste crusher, the quantitative supply performance of the waste is improved, The internal pressure in the gasification furnace can be stabilized.

  According to the waste supply apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention, the lower sealing means is provided between the waste quantitative supply means and the gasification furnace. Even if the sealing performance is deteriorated due to lowering, the lower sealing means can prevent leakage of air from the outside, leakage of gas to the outside, and the like. Further, by sealing with the lower sealing means, it is possible to ensure safety during inspection and repair of the waste extrusion screw and the waste accumulation level detection means.

  According to the waste supply apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention, since the upper seal means is provided on the waste inlet side of the seal chute part, when the waste supply apparatus is shut down or in the seal chute part. Even if the waste is completely processed and emptied, the upper sealing means can prevent leakage of air from the outside, leakage of gas to the outside, and the like.

  Hereinafter, a waste supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The code | symbol 1 shown to a figure is the waste supply apparatus which concerns on the form of this invention. The waste supply apparatus 1 includes a seal chute portion 7 to be described later, and a tip chute portion 8 connected to the seal chute portion 7 and obliquely connected to the gasification furnace 9 to supply waste (waste). A dust supply chute 6 is provided. That is, the waste 10 supplied to the waste hopper 2 (waste hopper) is extruded by the pusher 3, and the extruded waste is roughly crushed by the crusher 4. The waste roughly crushed by the crusher 4 is conveyed obliquely upward by the conveyor 5 having an airtight conveyor housing, and the seal chute portion 7 via the slide type upper gate valve 71 which is an upper sealing means. It is configured to be supplied in a fall.

The seal chute portion 7 includes a first vertical portion that extends below the upper gate valve 71, a horizontal portion that is connected to the first vertical portion, and that accommodates a waste extrusion screw (waste extrusion screw) 75b, which will be described later, And a second vertical portion connected to the horizontal portion.
A waste supply stop signal (waste supply stop signal) is transmitted to the outside of the first vertical portion below the upper gate valve 71 when dust filled in the seal chute 7 is detected. 3 and the 1st waste detection sensor (1st waste detection means) 72 which stops the operation | movement of the conveyor 5 are provided. In addition, a waste supply start signal (waste supply start signal) is transmitted to a position below the first dust detection sensor 72 when it becomes impossible to detect the dust filled in the seal chute 7. A second dust detection sensor (second waste detection means) 73 for operating the pusher 3 and the conveyor 5 is provided.

Further, when the waste filled in the seal chute portion 7 cannot be detected at the lower position of the second dust detection sensor 73, a seal failure signal indicating that the material sealability of the dust is bad is given. A third dust detection sensor (seal state detection means) 74 for output is provided. The first dust detection sensor 72, the second dust detection sensor 73, and the third dust detection sensor 74 have the same configuration, and all of them are microwave level sensors.
Note that, for example, a non-contact ultrasonic level sensor or the like can also be employed as the dust detection sensor, and therefore, the form of the dust detection sensor is not limited to that according to the above form.

  By the way, if the pusher 3 and the conveyor 5 are actuated by the dust supply start signal from the second dust detection sensor 73, the material sealability of the dust does not deteriorate. Nevertheless, the third dust detection sensor 74 is provided for the reason described later. That is, when the filling level of the dust filled in the seal chute part 7 becomes low due to upstream equipment trouble or maintenance, and the material sealability becomes poor, the slide type as a lower seal means will be described later. This is because the lower gate valve 77 is closed and the seal chute portion 7 and the tip chute portion 8 are shut off to prevent air leakage from the outside and gas leakage to the outside.

  At the lower part and the horizontal part of the first vertical portion of the seal chute 7, there is provided a fixed amount supply device (waste fixed amount supply means) 75 configured to be described later for supplying fixed amounts of waste to the gasification furnace 9. It has been. The fixed amount supply device 75 is provided at a lower portion of the first vertical portion, and includes a dispersion charging device 75a that receives the weight of the waste and operates according to the waste accumulation level to disperse and drop the waste downward. . In addition, a waste pushing screw 75b disposed substantially horizontally in the horizontal portion is provided, and a dust accumulation level detection sensor (waste) for detecting the dust accumulation level in the horizontal portion and controlling the dispersion charging machine 75a. (Deposition level detecting means) 75c. When the diameter of the dust extrusion screw 75b is d, the dispersion charging machine 75a performs the dispersion charging so that the upper limit accumulation height of the dust is within d / 2 from the upper end of the blade of the dust extrusion screw 75b. It is something to do. In addition, although the dispersion | distribution injection machine 75a in this form is a structure which a flat plate reciprocates about a horizontal axis, it can be set as a rotation structure like a rotary valve, for example.

  Since dust is accumulated in the seal chute portion 7, the dust is pressed to some extent by its own weight. If the seal chute portion 7 and the dust extrusion screw 75b are directly connected without a space, the dust pressed by the dust extrusion screw 75b is forcibly pushed out, which may cause the trash to fall off. On the other hand, in the waste supply apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the floor (space) for securing the material seal and the waste supply to the waste extrusion screw 75b are provided at the lower part of the seal chute portion 7. Since the dispersion charging machine 75a having the above is provided and the waste compacted in the seal chute 7 can be crushed and supplied to the waste extrusion screw 75b, it is possible to prevent the waste from being compacted. Can do.

  Further, an upper side of the tip of the dust extrusion screw 75b is composed of a hydraulic cylinder and a vertical plate reciprocated in the longitudinal direction of the dust extrusion screw 75b by expansion and contraction of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder. A consolidation prevention device 75d for preventing consolidation is provided. Further, a crusher 76 for crushing the dust pushed out by the dust pushing screw 75b is provided on the tip side of the dust pushing screw 75b and outside the consolidation prevention device 75d. As described above, the anti-consolidation device 75d in the present embodiment is composed of a hydraulic cylinder and a vertical plate. For example, a rocking-type configuration (a configuration in which the vertical plate swings with an attachment portion as a fulcrum) It can be replaced with a screw-type configuration. Further, the crusher 76 in this embodiment is a rotary type, but it is possible to adopt a rocking type configuration.

  By the way, the reason why the upper limit accumulation height of the dust in the dust quantitative supply device 75 is set to be within d / 2 from the upper end of the blade of the dust extrusion screw 75b is as follows. That is, when the accumulated height of the waste exceeds the upper limit accumulated height, when the waste is pushed out by the waste pushing screw 75b, the waste is likely to be compressed and become a consolidated state. In addition, there are garbage accompanying the garbage separated from the screw and garbage not accompanied, which makes it difficult to extrude quantitatively. As a result, the purpose of supplying a certain amount of garbage to the gasification furnace 9 cannot be achieved. Since the possibility of preventing compaction of dust can be increased by such means, the compaction prevention device 75d may not be provided. Of course, since the dust at the tip of the dust extrusion screw 75b, which tends to be compacted, can be loosened by the compaction prevention device 75d, the dust compaction preventing performance can be more reliably prevented. Can be obtained.

  In the second vertical portion of the seal chute portion 7, a slide type lower gate valve 77 is provided that is controlled to close based on a seal failure signal transmitted from the third dust detection sensor 74. That is, the garbage 10 crushed by the crusher 76 falls to the tip chute 8 through the open lower gate valve 77 and is supplied to the gasifier 9 through the tip chute 8. It is configured.

  Hereinafter, the operation mode of the waste supply apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described. The waste 10 supplied to the waste hopper 2 is extruded by the pusher 3, and the extruded waste is roughly crushed by the crusher 4. Garbage roughly crushed by the crusher 4 is conveyed obliquely upward by the conveyor 5 and dropped and supplied to the seal chute portion 7 through the upper gate valve 71 in the valve open state. The fallen dust is filled in the seal chute 7, but before the start of operation, the lower gate valve 77 is closed because there is no or little dust in the seal chute 7. In this state, the accumulation level of the dust gradually rises, and when the third dust detection sensor 74 detects the dust, the sealing performance failure due to the material seal of the dust is eliminated. Therefore, the lower gate valve 77 is opened. Can do. At this stage, if the dispersion thrower 75a is operated, the dust accumulation level is lowered and immediately becomes a level that cannot be detected by the third dust detection sensor 74. It is preferable to wait until the deposition level is reached. When the dust accumulation level further rises, dust is detected by the second dust detection sensor 73, but the operation of the pusher 3, the crusher 4 and the conveyor 5 is continued, and the supply of dust to the seal chute unit 7 is continued. The

  When the dust filling level further rises and dust is detected by the first dust detection sensor 72, the dust accumulation level reaches the highest position, and if it is supplied more than this, the dust may overflow from the seal chute portion 7. As a result, a waste supply stop signal is transmitted, and the drive of the pusher 3 and the conveyor 5 is stopped based on this waste supply stop signal. Then, if the dust filling level in the seal chute portion 7 is lowered due to the continuation of the supply of the waste to the gasification furnace 9 and no dust is detected by the second dust detection sensor 73, the dust filling level becomes the lower limit. A waste supply start signal is transmitted. Then, the pusher 3 and the conveyor 5 are driven by the dust supply start signal, and the supply of dust into the seal chute portion 7 is started. By such repetition, the operation of the waste supply apparatus 1 is continued. Of course, while the operation is continued, the dispersion charging device 75a, the dust extrusion screw 75b, the anti-consolidation device 75d, and the crusher 76 are continuously driven, and the quantitative supply of the dust to the gasification furnace 9 is performed.

  Therefore, according to the waste supply apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, a dust supply start signal, a dust supply stop signal, and a material seal sealing failure signal are output in accordance with the amount of dust in the seal chute 7. Is done. Based on these signals, waste supply is started, and the supply of the waste is stopped, so that the sealability of the material seal can be ensured, and as in the waste supply device according to Conventional Example 2, the inertness is inactive. There is no need to provide a gas supply system. Also, the dust compacted at the lower part of the seal chute can be loosened and dispersed by the dispersion thrower 75a, and the dust is quantitatively supplied to the gasifier 9 on the waste discharge side of the seal chute 7. Since the fixed amount supply device 75 for waste is provided, the fixed amount of waste can be supplied to the gasification furnace 9.

  Further, according to the waste supply device 1 according to the present embodiment, the waste pushed by the waste push screw 75b is disposed at the tip side of the waste push screw 75b and at the outer side of the consolidation prevention device 75d. Since the crusher 76 for crushing is provided, the dust can be more quantitatively dispersed and supplied to the gasification furnace 9, and the quantitative supply performance of the waste can be further improved. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of harmful components in the exhaust gas and to suppress fluctuations in the amount of gas generated, and it is possible to improve the performance of the gasification and melting plant and reduce the margin rate of each equipment. Can also contribute.

  Further, according to the waste supply apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, since the lower gate valve 77 is provided between the crusher 76 and the gasification furnace 9, even if the waste in the seal chute part 7 is disposed. Even if the filling level is lowered and the sealing performance is poor, it is possible to prevent the leakage of air from the outside or the leakage of gas to the outside by closing the lower gate valve 77. Further, by sealing with the lower gate valve 77, it is possible to ensure safety during inspection and repair of the dispersion charging machine 75a, the dust extrusion screw 75b, and the dust accumulation level detection sensor 75c.

  Furthermore, according to the waste supply apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the upper gate valve 71 is provided on the dust inlet side of the seal chute portion 7 as described above. Therefore, even if the operation of the waste supply device 1 is stopped and the waste in the seal chute 7 is completely processed and emptied, the upper gate valve 71 is closed to remove the air from the outside. It is possible to prevent leakage and leakage of gas to the outside.

  By the way, in the above embodiment, the case where the conveyor 5 was provided in the waste supply apparatus 1 was demonstrated as an example. However, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the waste crushed by the crusher 4 is directly dropped and supplied to the seal chute portion 7 without providing a conveyor. By adopting such a configuration, the installation space may be narrow, and the building that accommodates these facilities can be made smaller, so that an economic effect that the facility cost related to the waste supply device can be reduced is obtained. .

It is typical structure explanatory drawing of the waste supply apparatus which concerns on the form of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the inert gas blowing part provided between the supply chute | shoots of the refuse from the refuse hopper regarding the prior art example 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Waste supply apparatus 2 ... Waste hopper 3 ... Pusher 4 ... Crusher 5 ... Conveyor 6 ... Feeding chute 7 ... Seal chute part, 71 ... Upper gate valve, 72 ... First waste detection sensor, 73 ... Second waste Detection sensor, 74 ... third waste detection sensor, 75 ... garbage quantitative supply device, 75a ... dispersion dosing machine, 75b ... dust push screw, 75c ... dust accumulation level detection sensor, 75d ... consolidation prevention device, 76 ... cracker, 77 ... Lower gate valve 8 ... Tip chute 9 ... Gasifier (fluidized bed type)
10 ... garbage

Claims (6)

In a waste supply apparatus equipped with a dust supply chute for crushing the waste thrown into the waste hopper with a crusher and supplying the crushed waste to the gasification furnace, the waste filled in the dust feed chute A seal chute that shuts off the atmosphere between the gasification furnace and the outside of the waste supply device is provided by a material seal of the waste, and a waste supply stop signal is transmitted to the seal chute when a filled waste is detected. The first waste detection means for stopping the supply of waste to the seal chute is provided, and when no waste is detected, a waste supply start signal is transmitted, and the waste chute is discharged into the seal chute. provided with a second waste detecting means for starting the supply, the downstream side of the seal chute portion, to waste dispersion introduced that is filled in said sealing chute dispersion And detecting the accumulation level of the waste in the horizontal portion of the seal chute part by controlling the dispersion input machine, the waste extrusion screw for extruding the waste input from the dispersion input machine A waste supply apparatus comprising: a waste accumulation level detection means; and a waste quantitative supply means for quantitatively supplying waste to the gasification furnace. When the diameter of the waste extrusion screw is d, the waste accumulation level detection means detects that the waste has accumulated until d / 2 from the upper end of the blade of the waste extrusion screw. The waste supply apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an upper limit accumulation height signal of an object is transmitted to stop the dispersion charging machine . The seal chute part is provided with a seal state detecting means for transmitting a seal failure signal of a material seal of the waste when no filled waste is detected . The waste supply apparatus according to any one of the items. The waste crusher which crushes the waste extruded from this waste extrusion screw was provided in the front-end front position of the waste extrusion screw according to any one of claims 1 to 3. waste feed apparatus according to claim.   The waste supply apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a lower seal means is provided between the waste crusher and the gasification furnace.   The waste supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an upper sealing means is provided on a waste inlet side of the seal chute portion.