JP2006206434A - 一酸化炭素除去触媒システム,燃料処理装置および燃料電池システム - Google Patents
一酸化炭素除去触媒システム,燃料処理装置および燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006206434A JP2006206434A JP2006016928A JP2006016928A JP2006206434A JP 2006206434 A JP2006206434 A JP 2006206434A JP 2006016928 A JP2006016928 A JP 2006016928A JP 2006016928 A JP2006016928 A JP 2006016928A JP 2006206434 A JP2006206434 A JP 2006206434A
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- carbon monoxide
- catalyst system
- monoxide removal
- removal catalyst
- fuel
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 129
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 129
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001168730 Simo Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical group [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013460 polyoxometalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002063 nanoring Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明によれば,金触媒および助触媒を含み,金触媒および助触媒は,水相内に位置するか,または水相と接触することを特徴とするCO除去触媒システム,燃料処理装置および燃料電池システムが提供される。これにより,従来のCO除去システムに比べて,非常に簡単な装置で,低温において高効率で副反応なしにCOを除去できる。また,触媒システム内に接触している水が,温度変化に対する緩衝の役割を果たすため,不測の温度変化にも対処でき,低温での運転が可能である。また,金触媒に対する活性及び/または選択度などを考慮して広い運転範囲で運転できる。
【選択図】図2
Description
(実施例)
商用のAu/Fe2O3/γ−Al2O3触媒(製造社:Catalysts & Chemicals Inc.Far East−AUS,Au含量:0.35質量%)にヘテロポリ酸として商用のH6PV3Mo9O40(日本無機化学工業株式会社製)を使用した。上記触媒に上記ヘテロポリ酸を担持させる方法は,含浸法を使用した。製造された触媒は,110℃のオーブンで16時間乾燥した。金粒子の平均サイズは,4.4nmであった。
商用のAu/Fe2O3/γ−Al2O3触媒(製造社:Catalysts & Chemicals Inc.Far East−AUS,Au含量:0.35質量%)にヘテロポリ酸として商用のH3PMo12O40(日本無機化学工業株式会社製)を使用した。上記触媒に上記ヘテロポリ酸を担持させる方法は,含浸法を使用し,1質量%を含浸した。製造された触媒は,110℃のオーブンで16時間乾燥した。金粒子の平均サイズは,4.4nmであった。
ヘテロポリ酸を含浸させていない実施例1の商用Au/Fe2O3/γ−Al2O3触媒を使用した。金粒子の平均サイズは,3.4nmであった。
実施例1及び比較例1の触媒を利用してCO除去実験を行って,その結果を図4に表した。水素を80体積%含み,酸素及びCOをそれぞれ1.5体積%含み,残りをCO2で満たしたフィードに対して343KでCO除去実験を行った。この時,COに対するモル比が20となるように液状の水を共に供給した。その結果,実施例1の触媒が比較例2の触媒に比べてCOのコンバージョンは,約10%高く,反応速度はさらに高かった。
実施例1の触媒を利用して温度によるCO除去実験を行い,その結果を図5に表した。試験方法は,試験例1の場合と同じであり,各評価条件は,下記表1にまとめたとおりである。
酸素及び一酸化炭素をそれぞれ5.0体積%含み,二酸化炭素を15体積%含み,残りを水素で満たしたフィードに対して,温度に対する性能評価を実施例1,実施例2,比較例1に対して行った。このとき、一酸化炭素に対するモル比が6になるように液状の水を共に供給した。空間速度(GHSV)は,6482(h−1)で行った。その結果,実施例1及び実施例2の触媒が,比較例1の触媒に比べて343K以上で一酸化炭素の転換率は20%以上高く,反応速度においても著しく異なった。
Claims (18)
- 金触媒および助触媒を含み,
前記金触媒および前記助触媒は,水相内に位置するか,または水相と接触することを特徴とする,一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。 - 前記助触媒は,酸化還元力のある銅化合物,酸化還元力のある鉄化合物,酸化還元力のあるバナジウム化合物,ヘテロポリ酸,またはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする,請求項1に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記酸化還元力のある銅化合物は,CuCl2であることを特徴とする,請求項2に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記酸化還元力のある鉄化合物は,FeCl3であることを特徴とする,請求項2に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記酸化還元力のあるバナジウム化合物は,V2O5であることを特徴とする,請求項2に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記ヘテロポリ酸は,H3PMo12O40,H4PVMo11O40,H5PV2Mo10O40,H6PV3Mo9O40,H4SiMo12O40,H5SiVMo11O40,H6SiV2Mo10O40,H7SiV3Mo9O40,H3PW12O40,H4PVW11O40,H5PV2W10O40,及びH6PV3W9O40からなる群から選択された一つ以上であることを特徴とする,請求項2に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 処理される燃料ガスの空間速度は,4000〜220000hr−1であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記一酸化炭素除去触媒システムの動作温度は,15〜95℃であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記一酸化炭素除去触媒システムの動作温度は,60〜80℃であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記金触媒の粒径は,2〜10nmであることを特徴とする,請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記金触媒は,支持体上に担持されていることを特徴とする,請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 前記支持体は,炭素系担体,アルミナ,シリカ,ゼオライト,TiO2,ZrO2,CeO2,Fe2O3またはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする,請求項11に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
- 一酸化炭素は,下記反応式4によって除去されることを特徴とする,請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
CO+H2O→CO2+2H++2e− ・・・(反応式4) - 前記助触媒は,下記反応式5によって酸化されて水を生成することを特徴とする,請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
2M(n−1)++1/2O2+2H+→Mn++H2O ・・・(反応式5) - 前記助触媒は,下記反応式6によって還元されることを特徴とする,請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システム。
2Mn++2e−→2M(n−1)+ ・・・(反応式6) - 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システムを含むことを特徴とする,燃料処理装置。
- 前記一酸化炭素除去触媒システムは,固定床で充填されていることを特徴とする,請求項16に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の一酸化炭素除去触媒システムを含むことを特徴とする,燃料電池システム。
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CN101140991B (zh) * | 2006-09-08 | 2010-04-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种质子交换膜燃料电池电极催化层及其制备 |
JP2015509652A (ja) * | 2012-03-07 | 2015-03-30 | アカル エネルギー リミテッド | カソード液を含有するタングステンポリオキソメタレートを含む間接酸化還元燃料電池 |
JP2018081918A (ja) * | 2012-03-07 | 2018-05-24 | アカル エネルギー リミテッド | カソード液を含有するタングステンポリオキソメタレートを含む間接酸化還元燃料電池 |
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