JP2006170211A - 燃焼機関からの排ガス中の還元剤の注入を制御する方法 - Google Patents
燃焼機関からの排ガス中の還元剤の注入を制御する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006170211A JP2006170211A JP2005363094A JP2005363094A JP2006170211A JP 2006170211 A JP2006170211 A JP 2006170211A JP 2005363094 A JP2005363094 A JP 2005363094A JP 2005363094 A JP2005363094 A JP 2005363094A JP 2006170211 A JP2006170211 A JP 2006170211A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- reducing agent
- signal
- gas stream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 98
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 62
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 この課題は、内燃機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入し、該NOxをSCR触媒の存在下に選択的接触還元反応によって還元する、上記注入を制御する方法において、排ガス流、SCR触媒の上流で排ガス流中のNOx濃度およびSCR触媒の上流および下流で排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめる段階;SCR触媒の上流で排ガス流中のモルNOx流、触媒中でのNOx転化率、還元剤の必要量を計算する段階および各信号に対応する還元剤の必要量の調整段階を包含する上記方法によって解決される。
【選択図】 図1
Description
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度である。]
で表される値を計算しそしてd(E×T)/dt値に関する信号を確かめることによって調整される。この信号および還元剤の必要量に対応する信号は調整された量の還元剤を計算するのに使用される。
図1は還元剤溶液を触媒の上流で排ガス流に注入する内燃機関排ガス−システムの概略図である。
内燃機関中の燃料CHxの完全燃焼は以下の式で表される:
CHx + (1+x/4)O2 → CO2 + x/2 H2O (1)
ただし、O2は燃焼用空気中の酸素である。
H2NCONH2 + H2O → 2 NH3 + CO2 (2)
次いで、排ガスと還元剤のアンモニアとの混合物を触媒に通し、そこで窒素酸化物、一酸化窒素(NO)および二酸化窒素(NO2)がアンモニアと反応して少なくとも以下の反応式に従って窒素および水を生じる:
および
還元プロセスは平衡反応であり、その平衡は温度、触媒容積、触媒活性および存在する成分の濃度に左右される。そのために、NOxの全てを転化することは不可能であり、理論的最大量しか転化できない。
および容積ppmとしてのNOx含有量をベースとする。
一般式CHxで表される燃料と空気とが完全燃焼して反応式1に従ってCO2およびH2Oを生じるという前提を基礎としている。公知の燃料組成、排ガスの酸素含有量および公知の内燃機関への空気質量流または燃料流の一方を用いて、排ガス流は算出できる。排ガス流は、燃料および燃焼用空気流の測定または触媒を通っての圧力低下の測定をもベースとし得る。更に、排ガスの質量流はセンサーによって直接的に測定することができる。その際、該センサーは高温のガス中に設置されている。場合によってはNOx濃度は内燃機関制御システムの段階1に直接的に与えてもよい。
2・・・燃料
3・・・空気
4・・・排ガス流
5・・・尿素水溶液
6・・・ノズル
7・・・分解した排ガス流
8・・・触媒
9・・・エアーコンプレッサー
11、12・・・分析器
14、15・・・温度測定機器
17・・・流れ測定器
18・・・制御弁
19・・・ 電子制御装置(ECU)
Claims (7)
- 燃焼機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入し、NOxを選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒の存在下に選択的接触還元(SCR)反応で還元する際に、該注入を制御する方法において、
排ガス流に関する信号を確認し;
SCR触媒の上流で排ガス流中のNOx濃度に関する信号を確かめ;
SCR触媒の上流で排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ;
SCR触媒の下流で排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ;
SCR触媒の上流で排ガス流中のNOx流のモル量を算出しそしてNOx流のモル量に関する信号を確かめ;
触媒中のNOx転化率を算出しそしてNOx転化率に関する信号を確かめ;
必要量の還元剤を算出しそして必要量の還元剤に関する信号を確かめ;
必要量の還元剤を調整し;
調整した量の還元剤に関して信号を確かめ;
調整した量の還元剤を計量供給するために、調整された量の還元剤に関する信号を使用し;そして
調整された量の還元剤を排ガス中に注入する
各段階を含み、且つ必要量の還元剤を
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流で排ガス温度である。]
で表される値を計算することによって調整しそしてd(E×T)/dt値に関する信号を確かめ;そして
調整した量の還元剤を必要量の還元剤およびd(E×T)/dt値に対応する信号によって計算することを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 排ガス流に関する信号を確かめる請求項1に記載の方法において、燃焼用空気の二つの質量流、燃料質量流に関する信号および排ガス流中のO2濃度に関する信号を確かめ;そして
信号に対応する排ガス流を算出する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 触媒中でのNOx転化率の計算が、排ガス流、排ガス流中のNOx濃度および触媒の上流および下流での温度に関する信号に対応するNOx転化率の計算、および触媒寸法、触媒床寸法のための入力データおよび、触媒およびNOx転化反応のための速度論的データに関する信号で構成される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 燃焼機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入し、NOxを選択的接触還元(SCR)反応によってSCR触媒の存在下に還元する、該注入を制御する方法において、
(a)燃焼用空気の2つの質量流、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2の濃度に関する信号を確かめ、
触媒の上流での排ガス流中のNOx濃度に関する信号を確かめ、
SCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ、そして
SCR触媒の下流での排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ;
(b)燃焼用空気の2つの質量流、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2濃度の各信号に対応する排ガス流中のNOx流のモル濃度および排ガス流中のNOx濃度を計算し;
(c)排ガス流中のNOx濃度、SCR触媒の上流および下流で排ガス温度および燃焼用空気の質量流の2つの信号、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2濃度に対応する触媒中のNOx転化率を算出し、
(d)排ガス流中のNOx流のモル量および触媒中のNOx転化率の各信号に対応する必要量の還元剤を計算し;
(e)必要量の還元剤、SCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度(T)および燃焼のための2つの空気質量流、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2濃度の信号に対応する還元剤の調整量を計算し、その際にその計算が
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流で排ガス温度である。]
で表される値の計算を含み;そして
(f)排ガス流中に調整された量の還元剤を注入する
各段階を含むことを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 還元剤がアンモニア、アンモニア水溶液または尿素水溶液である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 機関がディーゼルエンジンである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 燃焼機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入するのを制御する請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の方法で使用する排ガスシステムにおいて、
SCR触媒、
該触媒の上流の射出ノズル、
電子制御装置および
該触媒の上流のNOx濃度測定用センサー
燃焼用空気の2つの質量流、燃料の質量流およびO2濃度のためのセンサーまたは触媒の上流で排ガス質量流を測定するためのセンサー;
触媒の上流で排ガス温度を測定するためのセンサー;および
触媒の下流で排ガス温度を測定するためのセンサー
を含有する選択的接触還元(SCR)システムを取り付けられ;
その際に電子制御装置が
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度である。]
で表される値の計算を含めた手順によって注入すべき還元剤の量を計算することを特徴とする、上記排ガスシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA200401954 | 2004-12-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006170211A true JP2006170211A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
JP4682035B2 JP4682035B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
Family
ID=35500606
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005363094A Expired - Fee Related JP4682035B2 (ja) | 2004-12-18 | 2005-12-16 | 燃焼機関からの排ガス中の還元剤の注入を制御する方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7200990B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1672192B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4682035B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101183057B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100451307C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE369486T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2530676C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005001922T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2292042T3 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101343873B1 (ko) | 2011-12-26 | 2013-12-20 | 한국중부발전(주) | 탈질 제어 장치 |
Families Citing this family (74)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE526404C2 (sv) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-09-06 | Scania Cv Abp | Förfarande och anordning för styrning av insprutning av reduktionsmedel |
JP4204519B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2009-01-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7418816B2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-09-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems |
DE102007009824A1 (de) | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-27 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn | System und Verfahren zum Erfassen von Reduktionsmittelspeicherung |
JP4432917B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2010-03-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7526950B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-05-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Emission control diagnostic system and method |
US20080202097A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine exhaust treatment system |
FR2914013A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-26 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede d'injection d'uree a basse temperature |
US7784274B2 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2010-08-31 | Deere & Company | Compact system for adding hydrocarbons to the exhaust of an internal combustion engine |
US8209956B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2012-07-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | SCR emissions control system |
US8001769B2 (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2011-08-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Control of SCR system having a filtering device |
US7992380B2 (en) | 2007-08-23 | 2011-08-09 | Caterpillar Inc. | Emission control system implementing reduction agent injection |
US8713917B2 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2014-05-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for reducing NH3 release from SCR catalysts during thermal transients |
DE102007045263A1 (de) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung der Reduktionsmittelzufuhr in ein Abgasnachbehandlungssystem mit einem SCR-Katalysator |
US8230677B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2012-07-31 | Michigan Technological University | NOx control systems and methods for controlling NOx emissions |
US8201394B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-06-19 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for NOx signal correction in feedback controls of an SCR system |
US8074445B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2011-12-13 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for reducing NOx emissions on an SCR catalyst |
US8181450B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-05-22 | Cummins IP. Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for reducing NOx emissions on an SCR catalyst using ammonia storage and slip control |
US8505278B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2013-08-13 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Engine system properties controller |
US8141340B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-03-27 | Cummins Ip, Inc | Apparatus, system, and method for determining the degradation of an SCR catalyst |
US8256208B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-09-04 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for reducing NOx emissions on an SCR catalyst |
US8281572B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-10-09 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for reducing NOx emissions from an engine system |
US8109079B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-02-07 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for controlling ammonia slip from an SCR catalyst |
US8161730B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-04-24 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for reducing NOx emissions on an SCR catalyst |
JP4726926B2 (ja) | 2008-05-22 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8206656B2 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2012-06-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Freezable-liquid dispenser for motor vehicles |
DE102008039687B4 (de) | 2008-08-26 | 2015-12-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Nachbehandlung eines Abgasstroms eines Verbrennungsmotors |
US8596042B2 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2013-12-03 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | System and method for selective catalytic reduction control |
JP4877298B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-10 | 2012-02-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US20100101215A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | Ming-Cheng Wu | Exhaust gas treatment system and methods for operating the same |
US8459012B2 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2013-06-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method for purging a dosing system |
US8181451B2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2012-05-22 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method of controlling the operation of a selective catalytic reduction plant |
WO2010065963A2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-10 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for estimating an nox conversion efficiency of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst |
US8356471B2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2013-01-22 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for controlling reductant dosing in an SCR catalyst system |
KR101040346B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-06-10 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 디젤차량의 후처리장치 및 그것의 2차 분사 제어방법 |
US9272244B2 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2016-03-01 | Albonair Gmbh | Metering system |
US8413424B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-04-09 | Caterpillar Inc. | Stored reductant state for startup |
JP5422215B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-02-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
DE102009012092A1 (de) * | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-09 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren zur Anpassung der Dosiermenge eines Reduktionsmittels zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion |
US8516798B2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2013-08-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for control of an emission system with more than one SCR region |
US8240194B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2012-08-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for diagnostics of an emission system with more than one SCR region |
US20110036078A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company , Llc | Method for urea injection control |
GB2472815B (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2013-07-31 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Method of estimating oxygen concentration downstream a diesel oxidation catalyst |
WO2011032020A2 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-17 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Low temperature selective catalytic reduction catalyst and associated systems and methods |
JP2011127471A (ja) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 往復動内燃機関の排ガス浄化方法及び排ガス浄化システム |
US8765432B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2014-07-01 | Oligasis, Llc | Targeted drug phosphorylcholine polymer conjugates |
DE102010002620A1 (de) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines SCR-Katalysators |
US8733083B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2014-05-27 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | SCR catalyst ammonia surface coverage estimation and control |
US8793977B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-08-05 | Paccar Inc | Injector control for a selective catalytic reduction system |
US20120079813A1 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-05 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | OPERATING METHODS FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NOx |
EP2541011A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | A method for minimizing ammonia slip from SCR catalysts |
WO2013042189A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8635859B2 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-01-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method for determining a maximum dose rate of reductant |
CN102493860B (zh) * | 2011-12-08 | 2014-03-05 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | 一种全工况柴油机scr系统闭环控制方法 |
US8800267B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-08-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Control system for modulating an air mass |
FR2990466B1 (fr) * | 2012-05-11 | 2015-10-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede de dosage de l'injection d'ammoniac, pour un systeme de traitement des oxydes d'azote produits par un moteur thermique |
CN102678239A (zh) * | 2012-06-04 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江大学 | 基于NOx传感器独立的SCR系统控制方法及控制装置 |
JPWO2014097393A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-18 | 2017-01-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US10702608B2 (en) | 2013-09-08 | 2020-07-07 | Kodiak Sciences Inc. | Factor VIII zwitterionic polymer conjugates |
KR102301917B1 (ko) | 2015-04-21 | 2021-09-14 | 두산인프라코어 주식회사 | 환원제 공급 제어 시스템을 포함한 동력 장치 및 환원제 공급 제어 방법 |
KR102517482B1 (ko) | 2015-07-09 | 2023-04-04 | 우미코레 아게 운트 코 카게 | 엔진 배기 가스로부터 미립자 물질 및 유해한 화합물을 제거하기 위한 시스템 |
CN106404402B (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江大学 | 基于尾气模拟的柴油机全尺寸scr催化器性能测试平台 |
DE102016222801B4 (de) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-12-24 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems einer Brennkraftmaschine, Abgasnachbehandlungssystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Brennkraftmaschine mit einem solchen Abgasnachbehandlungssystem |
US10151229B2 (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-12-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for controlling an exhaust gas treatment system |
CN106815413B (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2020-06-23 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | Scr温度场计算方法 |
JP2019196733A (ja) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 浄化制御装置 |
DE102018219488A1 (de) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung |
BR112021022142A2 (pt) | 2019-05-09 | 2022-01-04 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc | Disposição de válvula para catalisador com acoplamento curto de fluxo dividido |
CA3157509A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-15 | Kodiak Sciences Inc. | Methods of treating an eye disorder |
US11732628B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2023-08-22 | Old World Industries, Llc | Diesel exhaust fluid |
KR20220116826A (ko) * | 2021-02-15 | 2022-08-23 | 현대두산인프라코어(주) | 배기가스 후처리 시스템 |
CN113107655A (zh) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-13 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Scr系统尿素喷射量的控制方法、装置及电控单元、介质 |
EP4095362B1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2024-05-01 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Controlling urea injection in exhaust aftertreatment systems |
CN114534458B (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-04-07 | 山东爱亿普环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种喷射脱硝还原剂的控制方法和装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003293735A (ja) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-15 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 内燃機関のNOx浄化装置 |
JP2003314256A (ja) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-06 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 排気浄化装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60197225A (ja) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-10-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 有触媒脱硝装置 |
DE4315278A1 (de) | 1993-05-07 | 1994-11-10 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in ein stickoxidhaltiges Abgas |
ES2129993T3 (es) | 1995-09-29 | 1999-06-16 | Siemens Ag | Procedimiento y dispositivo para la conversion de una substancia contaminante en un gas de escape en un catalizador. |
DE19736384A1 (de) | 1997-08-21 | 1999-02-25 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in stickoxidhaltiges Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US6295809B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-10-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Emission control system with a catalyst |
US6427439B1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-08-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for NOx reduction |
US6415602B1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-07-09 | Engelhard Corporation | Control system for mobile NOx SCR applications |
DE10100419A1 (de) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-07-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems |
JP3951774B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-29 | 2007-08-01 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | 内燃機関のNОx浄化装置 |
WO2003100225A1 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-12-04 | Extengine Transport Systems | Emission control system |
-
2005
- 2005-11-22 EP EP05025402A patent/EP1672192B1/en active Active
- 2005-11-22 AT AT05025402T patent/ATE369486T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-22 DE DE602005001922T patent/DE602005001922T2/de active Active
- 2005-11-22 ES ES05025402T patent/ES2292042T3/es active Active
- 2005-11-29 US US11/288,152 patent/US7200990B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-16 CN CNB200510136379XA patent/CN100451307C/zh active Active
- 2005-12-16 JP JP2005363094A patent/JP4682035B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-16 CA CA2530676A patent/CA2530676C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-19 KR KR1020050125459A patent/KR101183057B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003293735A (ja) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-15 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 内燃機関のNOx浄化装置 |
JP2003314256A (ja) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-06 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 排気浄化装置 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101343873B1 (ko) | 2011-12-26 | 2013-12-20 | 한국중부발전(주) | 탈질 제어 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2530676A1 (en) | 2006-06-18 |
EP1672192B1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
EP1672192A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
ATE369486T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
CN1800598A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
ES2292042T3 (es) | 2008-03-01 |
CA2530676C (en) | 2011-08-09 |
CN100451307C (zh) | 2009-01-14 |
JP4682035B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
KR101183057B1 (ko) | 2012-09-20 |
DE602005001922T2 (de) | 2007-12-06 |
DE602005001922D1 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
US20060130461A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
KR20060069789A (ko) | 2006-06-22 |
US7200990B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4682035B2 (ja) | 燃焼機関からの排ガス中の還元剤の注入を制御する方法 | |
US7736595B2 (en) | Dosing agent injection control for selective catalytic reduction catalysts | |
KR100490813B1 (ko) | 내연 기관의 NOx 정화 장치 | |
US8230677B2 (en) | NOx control systems and methods for controlling NOx emissions | |
US8464517B2 (en) | Method of controlling NOx purification system, and NOx purification system | |
US6981368B2 (en) | Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems | |
US7858060B2 (en) | Current storage estimation for selective catalytic reduction catalysts | |
EP2025388B1 (en) | System and method for selective catalytic reduction control | |
US20040098974A1 (en) | Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems | |
US20040074229A1 (en) | Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems | |
CN1989321A (zh) | 排气净化装置的nox降低率测定方法 | |
JP2001303934A (ja) | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 | |
CN101285412A (zh) | Scr催化剂中过量nh3的存储控制 | |
US10071344B2 (en) | Reductant dosing control using prediction of exhaust species in selective catalytic reduction | |
US10145284B2 (en) | Exhaust after-treatment system including sliding mode ammonia controller | |
CN111810279A (zh) | 用于求取氨质量流的方法 | |
CN113544365A (zh) | 用于调节颗粒过滤器装载的方法 | |
JP2018145821A (ja) | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 | |
KR101704270B1 (ko) | 배출가스의 정화성능 향상을 위한 제어방법 | |
CN112459871B (zh) | 反应速率的计算方法以及发动机尿素通入量的控制方法 | |
US11725555B1 (en) | Aftertreatment system | |
EP3536921B1 (en) | A system and method for accurately measuring nox and nh3 contents in exhaust fumes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20081210 |
|
RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20100517 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100806 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100831 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20101129 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110118 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20110207 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4682035 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140210 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
S531 | Written request for registration of change of domicile |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |