JP4682035B2 - 燃焼機関からの排ガス中の還元剤の注入を制御する方法 - Google Patents
燃焼機関からの排ガス中の還元剤の注入を制御する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流量でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度である。]
で表される値を計算しそしてd(E×T)/dt値に関する信号を確かめることによって調整される。この信号および還元剤の必要量に対応する信号は調整された量の還元剤を計算するのに使用される。
図1は還元剤溶液を触媒の上流で排ガス流に注入する内燃機関排ガス−システムの概略図である。
内燃機関中の燃料CHxの完全燃焼は以下の式で表される:
CHx + (1+x/4)O2 → CO2 + x/2 H2O (1)
ただし、O2は燃焼用空気中の酸素である。
H2NCONH2 + H2O → 2 NH3 + CO2 (2)
次いで、排ガスと還元剤のアンモニアとの混合物を触媒に通し、そこで窒素酸化物、一酸化窒素(NO)および二酸化窒素(NO2)がアンモニアと反応して少なくとも以下の反応式に従って窒素および水を生じる:
および
還元プロセスは平衡反応であり、その平衡は温度、触媒容積、触媒活性および存在する成分の濃度に左右される。そのために、NOxの全てを転化することは不可能であり、理論的最大量しか転化できない。
および容積ppmとしてのNOx含有量をベースとする。
2・・・燃料
3・・・空気
4・・・排ガス流
5・・・尿素水溶液
6・・・ノズル
7・・・分解した排ガス流
8・・・触媒
9・・・エアーコンプレッサー
11、12・・・分析器
14、15・・・温度測定機器
17・・・流れ測定器
18・・・制御弁
19・・・ 電子制御装置(ECU)
Claims (7)
- 燃焼機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入し、NOxを選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒の存在下に選択的接触還元(SCR)反応で還元する際に、該注入を制御する方法において、
排ガス流に関する信号を確認し;
SCR触媒の上流で排ガス流中のNOx濃度に関する信号を確かめ;
SCR触媒の上流で排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ;
SCR触媒の下流で排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ;
SCR触媒の上流で排ガス流中のNOx流のモル量を算出しそしてNOx流のモル量に関する信号を確かめ;
触媒中のNOx転化率を算出しそしてNOx転化率に関する信号を確かめ;
必要量の還元剤を算出しそして必要量の還元剤に関する信号を確かめ;
必要量の還元剤を調整し;
調整した量の還元剤に関して信号を確かめ;
調整した量の還元剤を計量供給するために、調整された量の還元剤に関する信号を使用し;そして
調整された量の還元剤を排ガス中に注入する
各段階を含み、且つ必要量の還元剤を
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流量でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度である。]
で表される値を計算することによって調整しそしてd(E×T)/dt値に関する信号を確かめ;そして
調整した量の還元剤を必要量の還元剤およびd(E×T)/dt値に対応する信号によって計算することを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 排ガス流に関する信号を確かめる請求項1に記載の方法において、燃焼用空気の二つの質量流、燃料質量流に関する信号および排ガス流中のO2濃度に関する信号を確かめ;そして
信号に対応する排ガス流量を算出する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 触媒中でのNOx転化率の計算が、排ガス流量、排ガス流中のNOx濃度および触媒の上流および下流での温度に関する信号に対応するNOx転化率の計算、および触媒寸法、触媒床寸法のための入力データおよび、触媒およびNOx転化反応のための速度論的データに関する信号で構成される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 燃焼機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入し、NOxを選択的接触還元(SCR)反応によってSCR触媒の存在下に還元する、該注入を制御する方法において、
(a)燃焼用空気の2つの質量流、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2の濃度に関する信号を確かめ、
触媒の上流での排ガス流中のNOx濃度に関する信号を確かめ、
SCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ、そして
SCR触媒の下流での排ガス温度に関する信号を確かめ;
(b)燃焼用空気の2つの質量流、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2濃度の各信号に対応する排ガス流中のNOx流のモル濃度および排ガス流中のNOx濃度を計算し;
(c)排ガス流中のNOx濃度、SCR触媒の上流および下流で排ガス温度および燃焼用空気の質量流の2つの信号、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2濃度に対応する触媒中のNOx転化率を算出し、
(d)排ガス流中のNOx流のモル量および触媒中のNOx転化率の各信号に対応する必要量の還元剤を計算し;
(e)必要量の還元剤、SCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度(T)および燃焼のための2つの空気質量流、燃料の質量流および排ガス流中のO2濃度の信号に対応する還元剤の調整量を計算し、その際にその計算が
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流量でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度である。]
で表される値の計算を含み;そして
(f)排ガス流中に調整された量の還元剤を注入する
各段階を含むことを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 還元剤がアンモニア、アンモニア水溶液または尿素水溶液である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 機関がディーゼルエンジンである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 燃焼機関からのNOx含有排ガス流中に還元剤を注入するのを制御する請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の方法で使用する排ガスシステムにおいて、
SCR触媒、
該触媒の上流の射出ノズル、
電子制御装置および
該触媒の上流のNOx濃度測定用センサー
燃焼用空気の2つの質量流、燃料の質量流およびO2濃度のためのセンサーまたは触媒の上流で排ガス質量流を測定するためのセンサー;
触媒の上流で排ガス温度を測定するためのセンサー;および
触媒の下流で排ガス温度を測定するためのセンサー
を含有する選択的接触還元(SCR)システムを取り付けられ;
その際に電子制御装置が
d(E×T)/dt
[式中、tは時間であり、
Eは排ガス流量でありそして
TはSCR触媒の上流での排ガス温度である。]
で表される値の計算を含めた手順によって注入すべき還元剤の量を計算することを特徴とする、上記排ガスシステム。
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DKPA200401954 | 2004-12-18 |
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JP2006170211A JP2006170211A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
JP4682035B2 true JP4682035B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
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US (1) | US7200990B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1672192B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4682035B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101183057B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100451307C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE369486T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2530676C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005001922T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2292042T3 (ja) |
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SE526404C2 (sv) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-09-06 | Scania Cv Abp | Förfarande och anordning för styrning av insprutning av reduktionsmedel |
JP4204519B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2009-01-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7418816B2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-09-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems |
DE102007009824A1 (de) | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-27 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn | System und Verfahren zum Erfassen von Reduktionsmittelspeicherung |
JP4432917B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2010-03-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7526950B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-05-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Emission control diagnostic system and method |
US20080202097A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine exhaust treatment system |
FR2914013A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-26 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede d'injection d'uree a basse temperature |
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US8713917B2 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2014-05-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for reducing NH3 release from SCR catalysts during thermal transients |
DE102007045263A1 (de) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung der Reduktionsmittelzufuhr in ein Abgasnachbehandlungssystem mit einem SCR-Katalysator |
WO2009070734A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-04 | Michigan Technological University | Nox control systems and methods for controlling nox emissions |
US8141340B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-03-27 | Cummins Ip, Inc | Apparatus, system, and method for determining the degradation of an SCR catalyst |
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ES2292042T3 (es) | 2008-03-01 |
KR20060069789A (ko) | 2006-06-22 |
US20060130461A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
US7200990B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
DE602005001922D1 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
JP2006170211A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
CN100451307C (zh) | 2009-01-14 |
DE602005001922T2 (de) | 2007-12-06 |
EP1672192B1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
CA2530676A1 (en) | 2006-06-18 |
ATE369486T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
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