JP2006147563A - 金属触媒とその製造方法,電極の製造方法,および燃料電池 - Google Patents
金属触媒とその製造方法,電極の製造方法,および燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-BJUDXGSMSA-N carbon-11 Chemical compound [11C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N Carbon-12 Chemical group [12C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明によれば,導電性触媒物質,イオノマー及び第1溶媒を混合する第1工程と,第1工程によって得られた混合物を,支持体上にキャスティングした後に乾燥させて,導電性触媒含有膜を形成させる第2工程と,支持体から導電性触媒含有膜を分離し,上記分離させた導電性触媒含有膜を粉砕する第3工程とを含み,上記導電性触媒物質と,上記導電性触媒物質の表面上に形成されたプロトン導電性物質とを含むコーティング層を有することを特徴とする金属触媒の製造方法が提供される。この金属触媒を利用して電極を形成する場合,理想的な三相界面電極構造を形成でき,この電極を備えた燃料電池は,効率などの性能が向上する。
【選択図】図1A
Description
シート,マイラーフィルム,ガラス基板,ポリエチレンテレフタレートシートを使用することができる。
Pt/C1.0g及びPBI0.05gをNMP1.45mlと共に混合し,これを常温,250rpmで約3時間攪拌した。この混合物をテフロン(登録商標)シートの上部にキャスティングした後,これを真空,120℃で1時間乾燥した。乾燥された結果物を粉砕し,ふるい分けて50〜70μmの粒度を有するPBIコーティングされたPt/Cを得た。
リン酸の含量が0.064g(PBI100モルに対してリン酸400モル%を使用)であることを除いては,実施例1と同じ方法によって実施して電極を完成した。
リン酸の含量が0.160g(PBI100モルに対してリン酸1000モル%を使用)であることを除いては,実施例1と同じ方法によって実施して電極を完成した。
リン酸の含量が0.352g(PBI100モルに対してリン酸2200モル%を使用)であることを除いては,実施例1と同じ方法によって実施して電極を完成した。
実施例5の燃料電池は,実施例1の金属触媒を含有する電極,及びPBI電解質膜で構成された。そして,燃料としては水素を,酸化剤としては空気を利用した。
電極製造時,実施例1の金属触媒の代わりに,実施例2,3,4の金属触媒をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては,実施例5と同じ方法によって燃料電池を製作した。
11 カーボン
12 プロトン伝導性物質
13 白金触媒粒子
100 金属触媒
110 カーボン
120 プロトン伝導性物質
130 白金触媒粒子
Claims (16)
- 導電性触媒物質,イオノマー及び第1溶媒を混合する第1工程と;
前記第1工程によって得られた混合物を,支持体上にキャスティングした後に乾燥させて,導電性触媒含有膜を形成させる第2工程と;
前記支持体から前記導電性触媒含有膜を分離し,前記分離させた導電性触媒含有膜を粉砕する第3工程と;
を含み,
前記導電性触媒物質と,前記導電性触媒物質の表面上に形成されたプロトン導電性物質とを含むコーティング層を有することを特徴とする,金属触媒の製造方法。 - 前記第3工程で粉砕された結果物を,酸で処理する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする,請求項1に記載の金属触媒の製造方法。
- 前記酸は,リン酸であり,
前記リン酸の含量は,前記イオノマー100モルを基準として200〜750モル%であることを特徴とする,請求項2に記載の金属触媒の製造方法。 - 前記第1溶媒は,N−メチルピロリドン,ジメチルアセトアミド,ジメチルホルムアミド,トリフルオロ酢酸からなる群より選択された何れか一つ以上であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の金属触媒の製造方法。
- 前記イオノマーは,ポリベンズイミダゾール,ポリエーテルケトン,ポリエーテルイミド,ポリスルホン,パーフルオロスルホン酸からなる群より選択された何れか一つ以上であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の金属触媒の製造方法。
- 前記イオノマーの含量は,前記導電性触媒物質100質量部を基準として1〜50質量部であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の金属触媒の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程で使用する前記第1溶媒の含量は,前記イオノマー100質量部を基準として900〜4000質量部であることを特徴とする,請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の金属触媒の製造方法。
- 前記導電性触媒物質は,Pt,Fe,Co,Ni,Ru,Rh,Pd,Os,Ir,Cu,Ag,Au,Sn,Ti,Cr,前記元素を少なくとも2種類以上含む混合物,前記元素を少なくとも2種類以上含む合金,及び前記元素が担持されたカーボンであることを特徴とする,請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の金属触媒の製造方法。
- 前記導電性触媒物質は,Ptが担持されたカーボンであり,
前記プロトン伝導性物質は,リン酸ドーピング処理されたポリベンズイミダゾールであることを特徴とする,請求項1に記載の金属触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって製造されることを特徴とする,金属触媒。
- 導電性触媒物質及び該導電性触媒物質の表面上に形成されたプロトン伝導性物質コーティング層を有する金属触媒を,疎水性バインダー及び第2溶媒と混合して触媒層形成用組成物を製造する第1工程と;
前記触媒層形成用組成物を,電極支持体上にコーティングした後に乾燥させる第2工程と;
を含むことを特徴とする,電極の製造方法。 - 前記第2工程によって得られた結果物を,酸で処理する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする,請求項11に記載の電極の製造方法。
- 前記酸は,リン酸であり,
前記リン酸の含量は,前記プロトン伝導性物質100モルを基準として200〜750モル%であることを特徴とする,請求項12に記載の電極の製造方法。 - 前記疎水性バインダーは,ポリテトラフルオロエチレン,フッ素化されたエチレンプロピレンであり,
前記疎水性バインダーの含量は,前記金属触媒100質量部を基準として1〜40質量部であることを特徴とする,請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の電極の製造方法。 - 前記乾燥時に,前記触媒層形成用組成物を60〜150℃で乾燥することを特徴とする,請求項11〜14のいずれかに記載の電極の製造方法。
- 請求項11〜15のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって製造される電極を備えることを特徴とする,燃料電池。
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