JP2006032157A - 固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質材料、その製造方法及び固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極接合体 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質材料、その製造方法及び固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
【解決手段】スルホン酸基又はスルホンイミド基を有し、かつ主鎖に脂肪族環構造を有するパーフルオロポリマーからなる電解質材料であって、3%の過酸化水素水と200ppmの2価鉄イオンを含むフェントン試薬溶液50g中にポリマー0.1gを40℃で16時間浸漬する試験において、溶液中に検出されるフッ素イオン溶出量が、浸漬したポリマー中の全フッ素量の0.01%以下である電解質材料と、該電解質材料からなる膜又は該電解質材料を含む触媒層を有する膜電極接合体。
【選択図】図1
Description
そして、固体高分子型燃料電池の膜電極接合体(以下、単に接合体という。)の製造方法に関して多くの検討がなされている。
モノマーA:ラジカル重合により、主鎖に環構造を含む繰り返し単位を有するポリマーを与えるパーフルオロモノマー。
モノマーB:CF2=CF−(OCF2CFY1)m−Op−(CF2)n−SO2Y2で表されるパーフルオロビニルエーテル。
パーフルオロトリブチルアミン、パーフルオロトリプロピルアミン等のポリフルオロトリアルキルアミン化合物。
3,3−ジクロロ−1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,3−ジクロロ−1,1,2,2,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,1−ジクロロ−1−フルオロエタン等のクロロフルオロアルカン。
パーフルオロ(2−ブチルテトラヒドロフラン)等のポリフルオロ環状エーテル化合物。
これらは、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上述の溶媒の中で水素原子を含有する溶媒は、フッ素ガスと反応するので、水素原子を含有しない溶媒を用いるほうが好ましい。
この場合、環構造を有するモノマーに基づく繰り返し単位の含有量は、20モル%以上、さらには30モル%以上、特に40モル%以上であることが好ましい。
混合溶媒を用いる場合、最初から本ポリマーを混合溶媒中に溶解又は分散させてもよいが、−OH基を有する有機溶媒に溶解又は分散した後、他の溶媒を混合してもよい。
また、水よりも沸点の低いアルコール溶媒に本ポリマーを溶解又は分散した後、水を添加してアルコールを留去することにより、実質的に有機溶媒を含有しない水分散液を調製することもできる。
なお、以下の例において、下記の略号を用いる。
PSVE:CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2SO2F、
PSVE2:CF2=CFOCF2CF2OCF2CF2SO2F、
IPP:(CH3)2CHOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCH(CH3)2、
PFB:CF3CF2CF2C(=O)OOC(=O)CF2CF2CF3
HCFC141b:CH3CCl2F(旭硝子社製)、
HCFC225cb:CClF2CF2CHClF(旭硝子社製)、
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド。
PDD/PSVE共重合体の合成
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに、26.0gのPDD、127.8gのPSVE、及び0.46gのIPPをいれ、脱気後、窒素で0.3MPaまで圧張りし、40℃に加熱、撹拌することで重合を開始した。10時間後、冷却、パージして重合を止め、HCFC225cbで希釈後、ヘキサンに投入することで沈殿させ、ヘキサンで2回、さらにHCFC141bで1回洗浄した。ろ過後、80℃で16時間、真空乾燥することにより、41.6gの白色のポリマーを得た。元素分析で硫黄の含有量を求め、PDD/PSVEの比とイオン交換容量を求めたところ、それぞれ56.5/43.5(モル比)、1.31ミリ当量/g乾燥樹脂であった。またGPCにより分子量を測定したところポリメタクリル酸メチル換算の数平均分子量は3.3万であった。
BVE/PSVE共重合体の合成
300mlのフラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、120.0gのBVE、128.5gのPSVE、及び0.76gのIPPを入れ、40℃に加熱、撹拌することで重合を開始した。16.7時間後、重合を止め、ヘキサンに投入することで沈殿させ、さらにヘキサンで3回洗浄した。ろ過後、80℃で16時間、真空乾燥する事により、47.8gの白色のポリマーを得た。
TFE/PDD/PSVE共重合体の合成
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに14.30gのPDD、52.64gのPSVE、76.94gのHCFC225cb、及び0.36gのIPPを入れ、凍結脱気した。TFEを5.9g導入後、40℃に昇温して重合を開始した。このとき圧力は0.26MPa(ゲージ圧)であった。40℃で10時間反応させ、圧力が0.07MPa(ゲージ圧)になったところで、反応を止めた。重合溶液をHCFC225cbで希釈後ヘキサンにより凝集し、さらにヘキサンで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量25.03g(収率34.4%)。
TFE/PDD/PSVE共重合体その2の合成
TFEを9g、PDDを24.4g、PSVEを102.6gとし、IPPを0.08g使用し、HCFC225cbは使用しなかった以外は例3と同様の方法で重合を行った。重合は40℃12時間行い反応を終了した。重合溶液をHCFC225cbで希釈後ヘキサンにより凝集し、さらにヘキサンで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量37.8g(収率27.7%)。
TFE/PDD/PSVE2共重合体の合成
TFEを6g、PDDを16.5g、PSVE2を68.3g、IPPを0.05g使用し、実施例4と同様の方法で重合を行った。重合は40℃20時間行った。重合溶液をHCFC225cbで希釈後ヘキサンにより凝集し、さらにヘキサンで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量27.3g(収率30.1%)。
TFE/MMD/PSVE共重合体の合成
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに14.1gのMMD、78.0gのPSVE、及びPFBを3質量%含むHCFC225cb溶液0.3gを入れ、凍結脱気した。TFEを14.1g導入後、20℃で22時間重合を行った。重合溶液をHCFC225cbで希釈後ヘキサンにより凝集し、さらにヘキサンで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量2.2g。
TFE/MMD/PSVE共重合体その2の合成
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに0.7gのMMD、92.6gのPSVE、50.8gのHCFC225cb、及びPFBを3質量%含むHCFC−225cb溶液2.57gを入れ、凍結脱気した。40℃に昇温してTFEを0.5MPaになるまで導入し、その後この圧力を保持したままTFEを導入しつつ、40℃で7時間重合を行った。重合溶液をHCFC141bにより凝集し、HCFC141bで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量19.9g。
TFE/MMD/PSVE共重合体その3の合成
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに0.4gのMMD、93.0gのPSVE、53.3gのHCFC225cb、及びPFBを3質量%含むHCFC−225cb溶液2.62gを入れ、凍結脱気した。40℃に昇温してTFEを0.45MPaになるまで導入し、その後この圧力を保持したままTFEを導入しつつ、40℃で7時間重合を行った。重合溶液をHCFC141bにより凝集し、HCFC141bで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量16.7g。
TFE/MMD/PSVEその4
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに2.4gのMMD、91.8gのPSVE、55.2gのHCFC−225cb、及びPFBを3質量%含むHCFC225cb溶液2.66gを入れ、凍結脱気した。40℃に昇温してTFEを0.40MPaになるまで導入し、その後この圧力を保持したままTFEを導入しつつ、重合を行った。重合時間は40℃7時間おこなった。重合溶液をHCFC141bにより凝集し、HCFC141bで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量14.9g。
TFE/BVE/PSVE共重合体
内容積200mlのオートクレーブに48.6gのBVE、86.4gのPSVE、86.2gの1,1,2−トリクロロトリフルオロエタン、及びPFBを3質量%含むHCFC−225cb溶液0.75gを入れ、凍結脱気した。30℃に昇温してTFEを0.15MPaになるまで導入し、その後この圧力を保持したままTFEを導入しつつ、重合を行った。重合時間は30℃16時間行った。重合溶液をヘキサンにより凝集し、ヘキサンで3回洗浄した。80℃で一晩真空乾燥を行った。収量8.3g。
例4で重合したポリマーをフッ素ガスで処理せずに回収した。組成、分子量は同じであった。得られたポリマーについて例1と同様に加水分解、酸型化処理を行い、フェントン試験を行ったところ、フッ素イオン溶出割合は0.043%であった。また、例1と同様に赤外線スペクトルを測定したところ吸光度比I1690/I2350は0.61であった。
TFEとPSVEとからなる共重合体粉末(酸型に変換して測定したときのイオン交換容量1.1ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂、以下共重合体Aという。)10gを減圧オーブンで圧力10Pa、250℃にて4時間熱処理を行った。その後例3と同様の方法でフッ素ガス処理を行った。得られたポリマーについて例1と同様に加水分解、酸型化処理を行い、フェントン試験を行ったところ、フッ素イオン溶出割合は0.002%であった。また、例1と同様に赤外線スペクトルを測定したところ吸光度比I1690/I2350は0.03であった。
例4で得られたフッ素ガス処理を行ったポリマー0.16gを、1,3−ビストリフルオロメチルベンゼン2.7gに溶解した後、ジメチルスルホキシド2.7gを徐々に添加しポリマーの懸濁液を得た。これにトリフルオロメタンスルホンアミド0.24g、トリエチルアミン0.15gを加え100℃で48時間撹拌した。得られた反応液は均一透明だった。この溶液を基板上に塗布乾燥した後3N塩酸で3回洗浄し、さらに水で3回処理し、再度20%KOH水溶液に浸漬し、水洗、乾燥を行った。得られた膜の赤外線スペクトル測定を行った結果、ポリマー中のSO2F基の50%がSO3K、50%が−SO2NKSO2CF3(スルホンイミドのカリウム塩)に変換されたポリマーが得られていることが確認された。吸光度比I1690/I2350は0.06であった。
燃料電池セルは以下のようにして組み立てた。CF2=CF2に基づく繰り返し単位とCF2=CF−OCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2SO3Hに基づく繰り返し単位とからなる共重合体(イオン交換容量1.1ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂)と白金担持カーボンとを1:3の質量比で混合し、さらにエタノールと混合して塗工液を作製した。この塗工液を、エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレンフィルム基材上にダイコート法で塗工、乾燥して厚さ10μm、白金担持量0.5mg/cm2の電極層を得た。
Claims (11)
- スルホン酸基又はスルホンイミド基を有し、かつ主鎖に脂肪族環構造を有するパーフルオロポリマーからなる電解質材料であって、3%の過酸化水素水と200ppmの2価鉄イオンを含むフェントン試薬溶液50g中にポリマー0.1gを40℃で16時間浸漬する試験において、溶液中に検出されるフッ素イオン溶出量が、浸漬したポリマー中の全フッ素量の0.01%以下であることを特徴とする電解質材料。
- 前記パーフルオロポリマーは、赤外分光スペクトルにおける、1690±10cm−1の帯域の最大吸光度I1690と2350±10cm−1の吸光度I2350との比I1690/I2350が0.15以下である請求項1に記載の電解質材料。
- 前記パーフルオロポリマーが、下記モノマーAに基づく繰り返し単位と下記モノマーBに基づく繰り返し単位を含む共重合体からなる請求項1又は2に記載の電解質材料(ただし、式中、Y1はフッ素原子又はトリフルオロメチル基であり、mは0〜3の整数であり、nは1〜12の整数であり、pは0又は1であり、m+p>0、Y2はOH又はNHSO2ZであってZはエーテル性の酸素原子を含んでもよい炭素数1〜6のパーフルオロアルキル基である。)。
モノマーA:ラジカル重合により、主鎖に環構造を含む繰り返し単位を有するポリマーを与えるパーフルオロモノマー。
モノマーB:CF2=CF−(OCF2CFY1)m−Op−(CF2)n−SO2Y2で表されるパーフルオロビニルエーテル。 - 前記モノマーAに基づく繰り返し単位を0.5〜80モル%、及び前記モノマーBに基づく繰り返し単位を5〜40モル%含み、イオン交換容量が0.7〜2.5ミリ当量/g乾燥樹脂である請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の電解質材料。
- 前記モノマーAに基づく繰り返し単位を0.5〜70モル%、前記モノマーBに基づく繰り返し単位を5〜40モル%、及びテトラフルオロエチレンに基づく繰り返し単位を5〜90モル%含み、イオン交換容量が0.7〜2.5ミリ当量/g乾燥樹脂である請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の電解質材料。
- 数平均分子量が20000〜2000000である請求項1〜7に記載の電解質材料。
- 膜状固体高分子電解質と、該電解質を介して配置されるカソード及びアノードとを有する固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極接合体において、前記カソード及び前記アノードの少なくとも一方は、触媒と請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の電解質材料とを含むことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 膜状固体高分子電解質と、該電解質を介して配置されるカソード及びアノードとを有する固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極接合体において、前記膜状固体高分子電解質は、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の電解質材料からなることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の電解質材料の製造方法であって、−SO2F基を有するパーフルオロポリマーをラジカル重合により得た後、該パーフルオロポリマーをフッ素ガスと接触させ、次いで−SO2F基をスルホン酸基又はスルホンイミド基に変換することを特徴とする電解質材料の製造方法。
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JP2007324060A (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | フッ素系共重合体を前駆体とする燃料電池用電解質膜、該フッ素系共重合体を前駆体とする燃料電池用電解質膜の製造方法、及び該フッ素系共重合体を前駆体とする電解質膜を有する燃料電池 |
JP2009209365A (ja) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-17 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | パーフルオロカーボン重合体の製造方法 |
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