JP2005504856A - Enhanced formulation for neutralization of chemical, biological and industrial toxicants - Google Patents

Abstract

Enhanced formulations that neutralize the adverse health effects of chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical weapons (CW) and biological weapons (BW) drugs, and industrial toxic chemicals, and methods for their production. The toughened formulations of the present invention are non-toxic and non-corrosive and can be delivered at various stages by a variety of means. The formulation is a solubilizing compound that acts to effectively attack and sensitize chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW drugs, and acts to attack (and detoxify or kill) the chemical and biological compounds. At least one reactive compound is provided. The formulation contains at least one solubilizer, reactive compound, bleach activator and water.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

【００４６】
DF-200とDF-100/100Aの製剤の違いには以下が挙げられる。
・DF-200は単一pHで全ての因子に対して活性である。該製剤はpH値約7.5〜0.5で有効であり、pH値約9.2〜9.8でより有効であり、pH値約9.6〜9.8で最も有効である。
・DF-200は、マスタードに対して比較的良好な性能を有する。
・DF-200は、細菌性胞子に対して比較的良好な性能を有する。
・DF-200は、カチオン界面活性剤および／またはカチオンヒドロトロープの両方を比較的低濃度で有するが、製剤の（既に低い）毒性および腐食性をさらに下げる。
・DF-200は、低濃度の泡の安定性成分である１−ドデカノールを有する。
・DF-200は、製剤が濃縮された形態にパッケージされた場合に可燃性の問題を引き起こす短鎖アルコール（例えばイソブタノ−ル、イソプロパノール）を使用していない。
・DF-200は、数種の化学物質センサおよび検出器（特に軍事施設で使用されている古いセンサ）に偽警報を引き起こしうるジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル（DEGMBE）を使用していない。および
・DF-200は、製剤の（既に低い）毒性および腐食性をも低減する比較的に低濃度の過酸化水素を含むことができる。
【００４７】
さらに、DF-200とDF-100Aの違いには、次が挙げられる。
・DF-200は、DF-100Aと比較してより高いpH（約9.6〜9.8）で最適に機能する。しかし 、これは洗濯用洗剤、シャンプー、および食器用洗剤などの一般的な家庭用製品の代表 的なpH値であることに注意すべきである。
・DF-200は、使用時まで大量の製剤から分離して保管しなければならない特有の成分（例えば、過酸化水素および漂白活性剤）を、（１つの成分、過酸化水素のみを分離して保管しなければならない）DF-100Aと比較してより多く有する。これは以下で更に詳細に述べる。
【００４８】
DF-200製剤（例えばDF-200HFおよびDF-200LF）が、DF-100およびDF-100A製剤より良好な性能を有する１つの理由は、漂白活性剤（例えばプロピレングリコールジアセテート）が添加されていることである。漂白活性剤は、O-またはN-結合アセチル基を持った化合物であり、強求核性ヒドロペルオキシアニオン(OOH-)と反応することができるので、過酸化種を生成し、それが過酸化水素単独よりもより効果的な酸化剤となる。

1950年代から、多様な漂白活性剤が他の市販用製品と同様に市販の洗濯用洗剤に用いられている。最も一般的な活性剤は、主にヨーロッパとアジアで使用されているテトラアセチルエチレンジアミン（TAED）および主に合衆国で使用されているn-ノナノイロキシベンゼンスルホナート（NOBS）である。NOBSは、プロクターアンドギャンブル社の専売化学薬品である。洗濯用洗剤では、過酸化水素は固形（通常、水中で反応してヒドロペルオキシアニオンを形成する過ホウ酸ナトリウムとして）で供給される。漂白活性剤を添加することによって、衣類から汚れを取り除く洗濯用洗剤の能力が大いに向上する。
【００４９】
TAEDおよびNOBS漂白活性剤は、極めて水に不溶性であることに注意すべきである（例えば、TAEDは25℃で可溶性がわずか1%である）。洗濯用洗剤のこの問題を解決するために、洗濯機の掻きまわし動作によって固形のTAEDまたはNOBS小片を浮遊状態に保持し、それらを洗浄剤中の過酸化水素とゆっくり反応させる。しかし、DF-200製剤での掻きまわしは、実際的には問題である。従って、水溶性漂白活性剤が好ましい。
【００５０】
有用な水溶性漂白活性剤は、エステル結合を含む短鎖有機組成物には、例えば、エチレングリコールジアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、メチルアセテート、ジメチルグルタレート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、グリセロールジアセテート（ジアセチン）、グリセロールモノアセテート、グリセロールトリアセテート、およびプロピレングリコールジアセテートが挙げられる。好ましい水溶性漂白活性剤は、プロピレングリコールジアセテート（PGD）であり、以下に示す。

この分子は、ヒドロペルオキシアニオン（OOH-）と反応するとエステル結合を放棄して２つの過酸化分子を形成する。
【００５１】
プロピレングリコールジアセテートはまた有機溶剤としても機能し、それは不溶性有機分子（例えば、化学兵器薬剤および泡安定化剤／効果促進剤（1-ドデカノールおよびLauramide DEAなど））の可溶化に極めて効果的である。従って、この化合物の更なる機能は、これの使用によってDF-100およびDF-100Aで用いられているジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル（DEGMBE）溶媒は補佐され、または、いくつかのDF-200製剤で用いられているジ（プロピレングリコール）メチルエーテル溶媒が補佐されることであって、それによって、プロピレングリコールジアセテートは２重の目的（すなわち、溶媒および漂白活性剤）で作用することができる。
【００５２】
漂白活性剤は、一般的に水中で長時間安定ではない。これは、特に水溶液が高pH(>10)の場合に事実である。従って、長期保管のためには、プロピレングリコールジアセテート（または他の漂白活性剤）は使用時まで水溶液から分離して保管することが好ましい。これは、漂白活性剤を利用する他の製品（例えば洗濯用洗剤）と同様であって、製剤の全成分は使用時まで乾燥状態に保たれており水溶液から分離している（洗濯用洗剤の場合には漂白活性剤はカプセル化されているので、それと過酸化成分との反応は両者成分が水中で混ざるまで防止される）。
【００５３】
水溶性漂白活性剤の他の例は、エチレングリコールジアセテートであり、DF-200製剤中で良好に作用する。しかし、エチレングリコールジアセテートが過酸化水素と反応する場合にエチレングリコール（すなわち不凍液）を形成し、それは比較的有毒な副生成物である。一方、プロピレングリコールジアセテートは、この比較的有毒な副生成物を形成しない。
【００５４】
DF-200NF（非起泡性）
本発明はまた、例えば生物学的微生物の殺傷、一括処理（例えば化学薬剤非軍事化中和処理、すなわち溶液槽における）、またはスプレー塗布のような、特定の用途に用いることができる非起泡性の実施例（「DF-200NF」）である。この製剤の好ましい例は、次のようなものを含有する（量は具体例）。
【００５５】
DF-200NF（非起泡性）
1〜10%（好ましくは2.5%） 塩化ベンザルコニウム（カチオン界面活性剤）
1〜8% プロピレングリコールジアセテート（漂白活性剤）
1〜16% 過酸化水素（酸化剤）
2〜8% 重炭酸カリウム（緩衝剤および過酸化活性剤）
65.5〜93.5% 水
【００５６】
該製剤は、pH値を約9.6〜9.8に調整することによって最適性能が可能となり、全ての標的物質の汚染除去に有効である。
【００５７】
DF-100E
本発明はまた、プロピレングリコールジアセテート漂白活性剤を利用するDF-100Aの強化バージョンでもある。該強化製剤（「DF-100E」）の好ましい実施例には、次のものを含有する（量は具体例）。
【００５８】
DF-100E
5.3% Variquat 80MC
2.8% Adogen 477
0.65% 1-ドデカノール
0.5% イノブタノール
0.1% Jaguar 8000
1.35% ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
2〜8% 重炭酸塩
1〜4% 過酸化水素
1〜4% プロピレングリコールジアセテート
73〜85% 水
【００５９】
該製剤は、pH値を約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより全ての薬剤に対する最適性能が可能である。DF-100E（PGD2%/H2O23.00%/重炭酸塩3.75%）の化学的擬似物に対する性能を下記の表５に示す。

【００６０】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験により、30分間DF-100Eに曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【００６１】
他の漂白活性剤（水溶性NOBSまたはTAEDなど）を、DF-100Eにおいてプロピレングリコールジアセテートの代わりに用いることができる。しかし、上記から分かるように、この場合には真の液状溶液ではなくてスラリー混合物が得られる。
【００６２】
次の表に、DF-100，DF-100A，DF-100E，DF-200HF，DF-200LF，DF-200NFおよびDF-200HFスラリーのいくつかの違いを要約する。

【００６３】
キット構成
次節に、DF-200製剤の種々の実施例について、さまざまな2-パート，3-パートおよび4-パート「キット」構成の例を示す。一般的に、2-パートおよび3-パートキットには、2つ（または3つ）のコンテナ（通常は泡成分）のうちの１つに既に「あらかじめパッケージされた」大量の水がある。これにより、汚染除去溶液の迅速な配備、小規模単位（例えばバックパック）での使用が可能となり、現地で特別に水を手配する必要がない。
【００６４】
逆に、4-パートキットは一般的に、汚染場所あるいは近傍での現地で補充水を加える必要がある。これにより、他の3つのパートを含む「パッケージ」は大幅に軽量化が可能となり、輸送および保管が容易になる。しかし、補充の供給源が現地で必要となる（海水でもよい）。
【００６５】
一般に、DF-200製剤はその用途に応じて「予めパッケージされた」大量の水を有するか有さないかのいずれかの方法で構成することができる。
【００６６】
DF-200HF製剤は、４−パートキットとして構成することができ、現地での使用のために以下のように調整される（量は具体例）。
【００６７】
DF-200HF（4-パートキット）
パートA（濃厚発泡体）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g b-ドデカノール
1g Jaguar 8000ポリマー
5g ジ（プロピレングリコール）メチルエーテル
7.5g 重炭酸カリウム
141g 水
パートＢ（固体成分）：
50g 過炭酸ナトリウム
50g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ（漂白活性剤）：
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
パートＤ（補充水）：
800g 水
【００６８】
該4-パート構成の例では、大量の水は「パッケージ」（すなわち、パートＡ，ＢおよびＣ）に含まれないので、輸送および保管のためのパッケージ重量が最小になる。ここで、補充水（パートＤ）は、現地での汚染の場所あるいは近くで供給しうる。製剤のpHは、約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能にすることができる。上記の製剤により１リットルの「高」発泡性溶液が得られる。本実施例では、過炭酸ナトリウムによって、過酸化水素の一部、重炭酸塩の一部および溶液を緩衝化する塩基が供給される。残りの過酸化水素は、尿素過酸化水素によって供給される。本実施例において、過酸化水素濃度の合計は約３％である。該製剤の粘度は約4〜9mm²/sの間に調整することができる。
【００６９】
DF-200HF製剤を混合して4-パートキットを構成するために、現地で種々の異なる方法を用いることができる。例えば、
方法１：
補充水（パートＤ）を供給する。次にパートＢをパートＤに混合する。次いで、パートＣおよびパートＡを、パートＢ＋Ｄに加える。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。
方法２：
パートＣをパートＡに混合する。補充水（パートＤ）を供給する。次いで、パートＢをパートＤに混合する。使用時まで分離しておく。使用時に、パートＡ＋ＣをパートＢ＋Ｄに混合する。好ましくは、パートＡ＋ＣをパートＢ＋Ｄに最初に混合してから８時間以内に使用する。
【００７０】
一般的に、活性化したDF-200製剤は、混合後8時間以内に使用するのが好ましい。しかし、それらは24時間までおよびそれ以上でもなお有効である。DF-200HF（高発泡性）は長時間表面に適用することができ、次いですすぐ。しかし、DF-200LF（低発泡性）は、DF-100/100AおよびDF-200HF製剤とは異なる方法で使用することができる。DF-200LFを長時間表面に放置する代わりに、DF-200LFを表面に使用して比較的短時間（例えば15〜60分間）放置し、次いで、高圧淡水または海水噴霧ですすぐことができる。これにより、適用する物質の腐食を最小にするので、腐食が心配される航空機および他の装備の汚染除去に特に有用である。またこれにより汚染除去に要する時間も最小になり、特に軍事使用（戦地または固定地において）で有利である。
【００７１】
海水もまたDF-200製剤の補充水（パートD）として有効に使用することができる。下記の表に海水（溶解固体合計〜35,000ppm）を用いてDF-200HF（PGD2%/H2O23.50%/重炭酸塩4.0%）を使用した動的試験の結果を示す。

【００７２】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、補充水として海水を用いたDF-200HFに1時間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【００７３】
マスタードおよびVX擬似物に対するDF-200HFの表面試験を行った。該試験のために、8mgの擬似物をCARC（化学薬剤耐性コーティング）で作られた直径2インチの試験クーポンに塗布した。CARCは、軍用車両を化学薬剤の攻撃から防護するために塗布するのに普通に用いられる物質である。
１時間経過後、試験クーポンを水平に置き、1.0gのDF-200HF（PGD2%/H2O23.50%/重炭酸塩4.0%）を塗布した。60分後、試験クーポンを15分間25mlのアセトニトリルに浸し、表面から未反応の擬似物を得る。（表8に示す）結果から、試験クーポンの汚染除去はDF-100Aと比較してより有効であることが示される。

【００７４】
DF-200HFスラリー（キット構成）
DF-200製剤に関して、不溶性漂白活性剤（TAED、NOBSおよびN-アセチルグルコサミンなど）は、（水溶性）プロピレングリコールジアセテートの代わりに利用することができる。しかしこの場合、水と混合したときには、製剤は真の水溶液ではなくスラリーになる。
【００７５】
本発明はまた、水不溶性固体漂白活性剤（例えばTAED）を利用して、反応性スラリーを生成する方法を提供する（ここでスラリーは不溶性および非溶解物質を含んだ水混合物と定義する）。「DF-200HFスラリー」と称される本実施例は、DF-200HF製剤の変更形態である。４−パートキット構成の１つの例を以下に示す（量は具体例）。
【００７６】
DF-200HF スラリー（4-パートキット）
パートＡ（濃厚発泡体）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g １−ドデカノール
1g Jaguar 8000ポリマー
5g ジ（プロピレングリコール）メチルエーテル
7.5g 重炭酸カリウム
161g 水
パートＢ（固体成分）：
50g 過炭酸ナトリウム
50g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ（漂白活性剤）：
10g ＴＡＥＤ（好ましくはWarwick B637のようなカプセル化されたTAED）
パートＤ（補充水）：
800g 水（使用する場所で供給される淡水または海水でよい）
【００７７】
上記の製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。次の混合手順が用いられる。パートＢをパートＤに混合する。次いで、パートＣおよびＡをパートＢ＋Ｄに加える。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。
【００７８】
DF-200HFスラリー（TAED1%/H2O23%/重炭酸塩4%）についての各化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を下記の表９に示す。

【００７９】
DF-200の種々の実施形態の上記例は、一般的に、専用の配備装置があり、補充水源が容易に入手可能な場所での大規模作業で使用され（例えば軍隊が空軍基地や海港などの「固定地」で汚染除去するために使用）、あるいは輸送や保管に必要な製剤の重量を最小にするために「予めパッケージされた」水の量を最小にするために使用される。
【００８０】
DF-200 迅速展開構成
本発明はまた、DF-200製剤の迅速展開、および／またはその展開が小規模展開装置（手持ち型単位、バックパック単位、小さな台車に載る単位など）で用いることに力点がある構成である。これらの用途においては、全ての水は製剤に「予めパッケージされて」おり、その結果、現地で特別に水が必要とならない。DF-200HFの迅速展開バージョンのための3-パートキット構成の第１の例「DF-200HF迅速展開構成＃１」には次のものが含有される（量は具体例）。
【００８１】
DF-200HF 迅速展開＃１（3-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g １−ドデカノール
5g ポリ（エチレンオキシド）
8g ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
5g イソブタノール
45g 重炭酸カリウム
約19g 水酸化カリウム（パートＡのpHは約10.2とすべきである）
933g 水
パートＢ（固体酸化剤成分）：
97g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ（液体漂白活性剤）：
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
【００８２】
この構成により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。次のような混合手順が用いられる。パートＢをパートＡに混合する。尿素過酸化水素の溶解後、パートＣをパートＡ＋Ｂに加える。好ましくは8時間以内に使用する。DF-200HF迅速展開の化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を下記の表１０に示す。

【００８３】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、DF-200HF迅速展開に30分間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【００８４】
DF-200HFの迅速展開構成の第１の例についての好ましい混合手順の概略例を図２に示す。尿素過酸化水素はすばやく水に溶解する。従って、この製剤は、化学または生物兵器の薬剤が関与する事件の場面で非常に短時間で調整および配置することができるので、民間の最初の応答者（消防士、危険物取扱人、警官および生物化学兵器攻撃場所に最初に到着する他の人々）および／または軍隊による使用には理想的である。
【００８５】
しかし、本製剤に用いられる特定の漂白活性剤（プロピレングリコールジアセテート）は、pHが約9.9より大きな水溶液中では安定でない。従って、正しい手順で正しい成分を混合することが重要である。例えば、パートＢを加える前にパートＣをパートＡに混合した場合、DF-200HF中の活性がいくらか損失する可能性がある。なぜなら、プロピレングリコールジアセテートが9.9より大きなpH値を有する溶液に曝露されるからである。しかし、パートＣを加える前にパートＢをパートＡに加えた場合には、パートＢをパートＡに加えることによりパートＡ＋Ｂ混合物のpHは約9.9より低い値となるので、損失の可能性はない。
【００８６】
上記で示したDF-200HF迅速展開製剤＃１についての第１の例のパートＡ（発泡体溶液）で使用する溶剤ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルは、前述のDF-200HF製剤（ジ（プロピレングリコール）メチルエーテル）で使用する溶剤とは異なる。その理由は、ジ（プロピレングリコール）メチルエーテルは迅速展開構成における発泡体成分（パートＡ）で必要となる高pH環境では安定でないからである。また、短鎖アルコール（すなわちイソブタノール）がDF-200HFの迅速展開構成＃１における発泡体成分（パートＡ）に添加されていることに留意されたい。該低分子量アルコールにより高濃厚構成のDF-200HFは燃えやすくなるという問題が生ずるが、これは本明細書に記載の低濃縮構成においては問題とならない。また、イソブタノールの使用により、パートＡ中の1-ドデカノールの溶解性は促進され、該製剤の動態性（化学反応性）が向上する。さらに、該製剤は、その他の前述のDF-200製剤で用いたポリマー（すなわちJaguar 8000）とは異なるポリマー、ポリ（エチレンオキシド）を使用することが好ましい。Jaguar 8000もまた迅速展開製剤の高pH環境の液体泡部分（パートＡ）において安定でないので、この代替ポリマーが使用される。従って、DF-200HF迅速展開＃1の好ましい製剤には次のものが含有される。
【００８７】
DF-200HF 迅速展開＃１
1〜4%（好ましくは2%） Variquat 80MC（カチオン界面活性剤）
0.5〜3%（好ましくは1%） Adogen 477（カチオンヒドロトロープ）
0.2〜0.8%（好ましくは0.4%）1-ドデカノール（脂肪アルコール）
0.5〜8%（好ましくは0.5%） ポリ（エチレングリコール）（ポリマー）
0.6%〜1.2%（好ましくは0.8%） ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル（溶媒）
0〜1%（好ましくは0.5%） イソブタノール（短鎖アルコール）
0.1〜10%（好ましくは2〜8%） 重曹（緩衝剤および過酸化活性剤）
0.1〜10%（好ましくは1〜4%） 過酸化水素（酸化剤）
0.1〜10%（好ましくは1〜4%） プロピレングリコールジアセテート（漂白活性剤）
52〜97% 水
【００８８】
該製剤は、pH値を約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能であり、全ての標的物質の汚染除去に有効である。
【００８９】
DF-200HFの迅速展開バージョンについての３―パートキット構成の第２の例、「DF-200HF迅速展開＃2」には、次のものが含有される（量は具体例）。
【００９０】
DF-200HF 迅速展開＃2（3-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-ドデカノール
20g ポリエチレングリコール8000ポリマー
8g ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
5g イソブタノール
50g 重炭酸カリウム
約25g 水酸化カリウム（パートＡのpHは約10.2が望ましい）
933g 水
パートＢ（固体酸化剤成分）：
97g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ（液体漂白活性剤）：
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
該第２の例において、ポリエチレングリコール8000ポリマーにより、DF-200HF迅速展開＃1で使用したポリ（エチレンオキシド）ポリマーが置き換えられた。
【００９１】
DF-200HF迅速展開バージョンについての3-パートキット構成の第３の例、「DF-200HF迅速展開＃3」には、次のものが含有される（量は具体例）。
【００９２】
DF-200HF 迅速展開＃3（3-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-ドデカノール
20g ポリエチレングリコール8000ポリマー
10g ヘキシレングリコール
45g 炭酸カリウム
5g 重炭酸カリウム
700g 水
パートＢ（固体酸化剤成分）：
83g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ（液体漂白活性剤）：
20g グリコールジアセテート（すなわちジアセチン）
【００９３】
該第３の例において、ポリエチレングリコール8000ポリマーによりDF-200HF迅速展開＃1で水溶性ポリマーとして使用されるポリ（エチレンオキシド）ポリマーが置き換えられる。また、ヘキシレングリコールにより、溶媒として使用されるジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルおよびイソブタノールが置き換えられる。最後に、グリコールジアセテート（すなわちジアセチン）により、漂白活性剤として使用されるプロピレングリコールジアセテートが置き換えられる。該第３の例におけるこれらの変更により、短鎖アルコールおよび／または高蒸気圧溶媒が減少または除去され、液体発泡体成分（パートＡ）の有効期限が非常に長期間（数ヶ月から数年）であることに伴う問題、特に最も揮発性の高い成分が蒸発することによる高い室内保管温度で起こりうる問題が防止される。45gの炭酸カリウムと5gの重炭酸カリウムの組み合わせを選択することによって、炭酸および重炭酸の適切な量が供給され、またpHが適切に調整されることに注意すべきである。当分野でよく知られているように、代替的に50gの重炭酸カリウムを（炭酸カリウムなしで）使用してもよく、次いで適切な量の水酸化カリウム（塩基）を添加すればpHを所望の値に上げることができる。
【００９４】
DF-200HFスラリー迅速展開用
本発明はまた、DF-200HFスラリー実施例の、迅速展開実施例の２−パートキット構成であり（「DF-200HFスラリー迅速展開」）、ここではTAED（又は他の固形過酸化物活性剤）を漂白活性剤として利用する。迅速展開構成の該例もまた、現地で追加の水を加える必要がない（量は具体例）。
【００９５】
DF-200HF-スラリー迅速展開（2-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-ドデカノール
5g ポリ（エチレングリコール）
8g ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
５
50g 重炭酸カリウム
28g 水酸化カリウム（パートＡのpHは約10.4とすべきである）
953g 水
パートＢ（固体酸化剤成分）：
97g 尿素過酸化水素
30g TAED（好ましくはWarwick International B637のようなカプセル化形態）
【００９６】
該製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。次のような手順を用いて製剤を混合できる。パートＢをパートＡに混合する。次いで、TAEDが過酸化水素と反応する時間として少なくとも１分間待つ。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。TAEDはすぐに水に溶解しないが、少なくとも15〜20分間は固体小片として残存することに注意すると有用である。従って、溶けていないTAED小片が展開装置のポンプまたは他の構成部品のどれにも損傷を与えたり、詰まったりしないように、フィルターまたは網が必要となる。しかし、該製剤はパートＢ中のTAED小片をパートＡに添加して約1分後には使用できる。
【００９７】
該構成でTAEDのカプセル化形態を採用することは、２つの理由で有用である。第１に、保護コーティング（ゆっくりと水に溶ける）がTAEDを保護するので、保管中に尿素過酸化水素と反応しない。第２に、該コーティングは、尿素過酸化水素が溶解して製剤のpHが約9.9より低い値に下がるまで、パートＡ中の高pH状態からTAEDを保護する。TAEDの望ましい使用方法はプロピレングリコールアセテートと同様であって、活性剤を高pH溶液への曝露から保護する。TAEDはpHが9.9より高い溶液に曝露された場合、漂白活性剤としての効力の大半を失う。従って、カプセル化型TAEDを使用することにより、パートＢをパートＡへ混合した直後の、高pH状況への曝露が最小になる。DF-200HFスラリー迅速展開用の化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を、下記の表１１に示す。

【００９８】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、DF-200HFスラリー迅速展開用に30分間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
DF-200HFスラリー迅速展開の現地混合手順例の概略を図３に示す。
上記はDF-200製剤についての迅速展開構成の数例にすぎない。当業者には明らかなように、他の迅速展開構成は本明細書中に示した基本的な配慮事項を利用すれば可能である。
【００９９】
本発明はまた、迅速展開構成の発泡性成分（パートＡ）の調製方法でもある。以下に、該方法の１つの例を以下に示す。
１．適量の水を混合容器に入れる。
２．混合容器中で水を攪拌する間に重炭酸塩を加える。完全に溶解するまで攪拌
する。
３．迅速で攪拌する間に、ポリ（エチレングリコール）ポリマーをゆっくりと混
合容器に加える。
４．混合容器中の発泡体溶液を攪拌する間に、Variquat 80MCを加える。完全に
混合するまで攪拌する。
５．混合容器中の発泡体溶液を攪拌する間に、Adogen 477を加える。完全に混
合するまで攪拌する。塊にならないよう注意する。最低約３０分間攪拌する。
６．別の容器に、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、イソブタノール、
および1-ドデカノールを混合する。攪拌しながらこの混合物を該発泡体溶液
にゆっくりと加える。
７．混合容器中の該発泡体溶液を攪拌する間に、pHが適当な値になるまでゆっ
くりと固体KOHを加える。
【０１００】
他のDF-200製剤
本発明はまた、以下の他のDF-200製剤でもある。
１．溶液の凝固点を降下させるプロピレングリコールを含む他の製剤。
２．過酸化水素の固体源として過炭酸ナトリウムを利用する他の製剤。
３．腐食防止剤を含む他の製剤。
４．皮膚洗浄などの操作のために、粘性ビルダーとしてグリセロールを含む他の
製剤。
５．固体状で入手可能な漂白活性剤を含む、O-アセチル漂白活性剤を利用する他
の製剤。
６．ニトリル基を含む漂白活性剤を利用する他の製剤。
【０１０１】
プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200
以下は、凝固点降下剤としてプロピレングリコールを含むDF-200HFについての２−パートキット構成の第１の例であり、ここでは全ての水はパートＡに「予めパッケージされて」おり、次のものを含む（量は具体例）。
【０１０２】
プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HF迅速展開、
第１の例（2-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
20g ポリ（ジエチレングリコール）（MW8000）
8g ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
5g イソブタノール
4g 1-ドデカノール
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
150g プロピレングリコール（凝固点降下剤）
約6gの10%HCl溶液（パートＡの最終pHを2.5とするのに十分である）
777g 水
パートＢ（固体添加剤）：
97g 尿素過酸化水素
12g 重炭酸カリウム
38g 炭酸カリウム（最終的なpHを調整する緩衝剤）
【０１０３】
この製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。パートＢで用いる炭酸カリウムと重炭酸カリウムの比率を調整することにより該製剤の所望の最終pH（好ましくは約9.6〜約9.8）が得られることは当業者により了解される。従って、本実施例において、炭酸カリウムの機能は炭酸塩／重炭酸塩の塩基であると共に供給源でもある。該製剤を調製するために、パートＢをパートＡに混合する。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HFの第１の実施例の、化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を表１２に示す。

【０１０４】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HFに30分間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【０１０５】
全ての水がパートＡに「予めパッケージされて」いる場合、２つのパートのみで構成されているので、使用にあたっての製剤混合は非常に短時間でを行うことができる。従って、化学および生物兵器薬剤に関与する事件の場面で、非常に迅速に展開することができる。この構成は、民間の最初の応答者（消防士、危険物取扱人、警官および生物化学兵器の攻撃場所に最初に到着する他の人々）が使用するためには理想的である。しかし、これは現地で水を添加する他の構成より持ち運びに重くなる。
【０１０６】
該構成ではまた、漂白活性剤およびプロピレングリコールジアセテートが発泡体成分パートＡに組み込まれている（分離した第３の成分として保管せずに）。これは発泡体成分のpHが3未満なので可能である。プロピレングリコールジアセテートはpH3より大きい溶液中で加水分解するが、pH3未満の溶液中では加水分解的に安定である。該構成はまた、増粘剤としてポリエチレングリコールポリマー（PEG8000）を使用する。該ポリマーは多くの化粧品で用いられ、極めて水溶性および水安定性である。さらに、凝集性がないので、Jaguar 8000または高分子量ポリ（エチレンオキシド）よりも溶液への混合が容易である。
【０１０７】
該構成は凝固点降下剤としてプロピレングリコールを含む。プロピレングリコールは環境に配慮した不凍液であると認められている。この場合、濃度は約15重量%であり、これによりパートＡの凝固点が約20℃降下する。該構成はまた、約40重量%程度の高い濃厚プロピレングリコールを用いて試験を行ってもよい結果が得られた。
【０１０８】
上記のプロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HFの第１の例の別の手段は、尿素過酸化水素を用いる代わりに、過炭酸ナトリウムをパートＢ中の重炭酸の源および過酸化物の一部として用いることである。該代替物は、過炭酸ナトリウムが尿素過酸化水素ほど高価でないので有用である。該プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HFの第２の例を以下に示す（量は具体例）。
【０１０９】
プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HF迅速展開、
第２の例（2-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
20g ポリ（エチレングリコール）（MW8000）
8g ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
5g イソブタノール
4g 1-ドデカノール
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
150g プロピレングリコール（凝固点降下剤）
約6gの10%HCl溶液（パートＡの最終pHを2.5とするのに十分である）
777g 水
パートＢ（固体添加剤）：
90g 過炭酸ナトリウム
15g クエン酸（最終的なpHを調整する緩衝剤）
【０１１０】
この製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜９.8に調整することによって最適性能が可能である。次のような混合手順を用いることができる。パートＢをパートＡに混合する。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。代替的に、pHを調整するためにクエン酸の代わりに重硫酸ナトリウム（一般的なプール調質化学薬品）または他の酸を使用することができる。該プロピレングリコールを用いたDF-200HFの第２の例（過炭酸ナトリウムを利用）の化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を表１３に示す。

【０１１１】
一般的に、過炭酸ナトリウムはパートＡに加えた後、尿素過酸化水素よりもゆっくり溶解する。しかし、本構成における使用では溶解速度を高めるために、過炭酸ナトリウムを約100メッシュサイズまで粉砕することができる。粉砕した過炭酸ナトリウムを使用した場合、過炭酸ナトリウムの溶解時間は、約30分から約2分に縮小される。
【０１１２】
腐食抑制剤を用いたDF-200
DF-200製剤に腐食抑制剤を添加して、腐食を減少させることができる。DF-200製剤での使用に好ましい腐食抑制剤は、N,N-ジメチルエタノールアミンである。しかし、トリエタノールアミン、C9、C10およびC12二価酸混合物のエタノールアミン塩、ジシクロヘキシルアミン亜硝酸塩、並びにN,N-ジベンジルアミンなどの他の腐食抑制剤を使用することができる。DF-200製剤に添加される腐食抑制剤は以下の多様な目的に機能することができる。
１．腐食防止剤
２．pH緩衝剤
３．1-ドデカノールを溶液中に保持するための溶媒、および
４．サリンまたはマスタードなどの不溶性化学薬剤を可溶化するための共溶媒
【０１１３】
腐食抑制剤を用いたDF-200HFの3-パートキット構成の例には、次のものが含有される（量は具体例）。
【０１１４】
腐食抑制剤を用いたDF-200HF迅速展開（3-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-ドデカノール
5g ポリ（エチレングリコール）
10g N,N-ジメチルエタノールアミン（腐食抑制剤）
50g 重炭酸カリウム
約18g 水酸化カリウム（パートＡの最終pHを10.2とするのに十分）
936g 水
パートＢ（固体酸化剤成分）：
90g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ：（液体漂白活性剤）：
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
【０１１５】
この製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。次のような混合手順を用いることができる。パートＢをパートＡに混合する。次いで、尿素過酸化水素の溶解後、パートＣをパートＡ＋Ｂに加える。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。腐食抑制剤を用いたDF-200HFの化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を、下記の表１４に示す。

【０１１６】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、腐食抑制剤を用いたDF-200HFに60分間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。腐食抑制剤の添加は、化学薬剤に対するDF-200の性能に不利益な影響を有するが、生物薬剤に対するDF-100HFの性能には測定される程の影響はない。代替的な腐食抑制剤であるトリエタノールアミン1%を使用した場合にも同様な結果が得られた。
【０１１７】
グリセリンを用いたDF-200
DF-200製剤の他の実施例では、Jaguar 8000、ポリ（エチレンオキシド）、またはポリエチレングリコールの代わりに粘性ビルダーとしてグリセリンを使用することができる。グリセリンは化粧品における一般的な成分であり、粘性ビルダーと同様に溶剤、潤湿剤および皮膚軟化剤に使用される。従って、DF-200製剤でのグリセリンの使用は、以下の多様な目的に機能することができる。
１．粘性ビルダー
２．湿潤剤（すなわち皮膚に潤いを与える物質）
３．１−ドデカノールを溶液中に保持するための溶媒、および
４．サリンまたはマスタードなどの不溶性化学物質を可溶化するための共溶媒。
【０１１８】
グリセリンを用いたDF-200HFの3-パートキット構成の例には、次のものが含有される（量は具体例）。
グリセリンを用いたDF-200HF迅速展開（3-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-ドデカノール
40g グリセリン（粘性ビルダー）
40g 重炭酸カリウム
約17g 水酸化カリウム（パートＡの最終pHを10.2とするのに十分）
906g 水
パートＢ（固体酸化剤成分）：
97g 尿素過酸化水素
パートＣ：（液体漂白活性剤）：
20g プロピレングリコールジアセテート
【０１１９】
この製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。次のような混合手順を用いることができる。パートＢをパートＡに混合する。次いで、尿素過酸化水素の溶解後、パートＣをパート＋／Ｂに加える。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。グリセリンを用いたDF-200HFの化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を、下記の表１５に示す。

【０１２０】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、グリセリンを用いたDF-200HFに30分間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【０１２１】
該製剤は、グリセリンが潤湿剤として働くので、ヒトへの直接塗布に使用することができる。該製剤は、例えばスプレーやシャワーとして発泡剤成分（1-ドデカノールおよびAdogen 477など）を除去することによって、および過酸化物の濃度を減少させることによって利用することができる。しかし、グリセリンの使用の欠点は、かなり高温（10℃より下の）で固体であることである。従って、制御温度状態（すなわち温暖状態）で使用するのが好ましい。
【０１２２】
前述のDF-200構成の多くで使用した漂白活性剤、プロピレングリコールジアセテートは、現在のところ固体で入手できない。しかし他の漂白活性剤は固体で入手できる。
【０１２３】
塩化アセチルコリンを用いたDF-200
固体O-アセチル漂白活性剤（点眼溶液にしばしば用いられる塩化アセチルコリンなど）を、（液体）プロピレングリコールジアセテートの代わりにDF-200製剤で使用することができる。該O-アセチル漂白活性剤の化学構造を下記に示す。見てのとおり、該分子は過酸化物を活性化するO-アセチル基を含み、DF-200製剤と非常に適合する第４化合物である。塩化アセチルコリンはまた水溶性でもあり、非常に吸湿性がある。

塩化アセチルコリンを用いたDF-200HFの２−パートキット構成の例には、次のものが含有される（量は具体例）。
【０１２４】
塩化アセチルコリンを用いたDF-200HF迅速展開（2-パートキット）
パートＡ（液体発泡体成分）：
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
30g ポリ（エチレングリコール）（ＭＷ ８０００）
8g ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
5g イソブタノール
4g １−ドデカノール
150g プロピレングリコール
50g 重炭酸カリウム
約17g 水酸化カリウム（パートＡの最終pHを10.2とするのに十分）
803g 水
パートＢ（固体添加剤）：
97g 尿素過酸化水素
25g 塩化アセチルコリン（固体漂白活性剤）
【０１２５】
この製剤により、１リットルの発泡体溶液が生成する。最終的な製剤のpHを約9.6〜9.8に調整することにより最適性能が可能である。該製剤を使用するためには、パートＢをパートＡに混合する。好ましくは８時間以内に使用する。塩化アセチルコリンを用いたDF-200HFの化学薬剤擬似物に対する性能を、下記の表１６に示す。

【０１２６】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、塩化アセチルコリンを用いたDF-200HFに30分間曝露した後の殺傷率は99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【０１２７】
他の２つのO-アセチル漂白活性剤、モノアセチン（グリセロールモノアセテート）およびジアセチン（グリセロールジアセテート）についても、DF-200製剤におけるそれらの有効性の試験を行った。これらの化合物のいずれも、極めて有効な漂白活性剤であることが証明された。これらの化合物は水溶性の液体である。
【０１２８】
実験により、DF-200製剤中の過酸化物はまた、化学薬剤および生物薬剤擬似物の両方の中和について、例えば2%濃度で、4-シアノ安息香酸（水溶性）などのニトリル含有化合物によって有効に活性化されることも示された。
【０１２９】
過酢酸を用いたDF-200
DF-200における酸化剤として過酸化水素の代わりに過酢酸を用いて試験を行った。次の製剤を用いた。
2% Variquat 80MC（カチオン界面活性剤）
2% 過酢酸（酸化剤）
5% 重炭酸カリウム（緩衝剤および活性剤）
91% 水
【０１３０】
固体KOHでpHを9.8に調整し、マスタード、VXおよび炭疽菌胞子の擬似物に対する該製剤の試験を行った。化学薬剤擬似物に対する該製剤の性能を表１７に示す。

【０１３１】
炭疽菌胞子擬似物（バチルスグロビジ胞子）に対する試験から、2%過酢酸を用いたDF-200HFに30分間曝露した後の殺傷率は、99.9999%（7-log）であることが示された。
【０１３２】
さらに高濃度（3.5%）の過酢酸を用いたDF-200についての試験も、以下の製剤で行った。
2% Variquat 80MC（カチオン界面活性剤）
3.5% 過酢酸（酸化剤）
5% 重炭酸カリウム（緩衝剤および活性剤）
89.5% 水
【０１３３】
固体KOHでpHを9.8に調整し、マスタード、VXおよび炭疽菌胞子の擬似物に対する該製剤の試験を行った。化学薬剤擬似物に対する該製剤の性能を表１８に示す。

【０１３４】
この結果は、酸化剤代替物として過酢酸を用いることは化学薬剤擬似物に対して有効であることを示すが、酸化剤として活性化過酸化水素（すなわち、過酸化水素、重炭酸塩およびプロピレングリコールジアセテートの組合せ）を用いたDF-200製剤ほど有効ではない。しかし、2〜3.5%過酢酸を用いたDF-200製剤は、胞子殺傷には非常に有効である。それでもなお、該酸化剤の使用は過酸化水素ほど魅力的ではない。なぜなら過酢酸は現在のところ、安全で便利な固体で入手することができず、その液体の保存寿命は比較的短いからである。
【０１３５】
また、酸化剤として過酢酸を利用したDF-200製剤において、胞子殺傷に必要な最少構成を決定するための試験を行った。これらの結果は、高い胞子殺傷率を達成するためには、わずか３つの成分、すなわち過酢酸、重炭酸塩およびカチオン界面活性剤が必要となることを示す。
【０１３６】
DF-200HFを用いた生存薬剤試験
３種の化学薬剤（ソマン（「GD」)、VXおよびマスタード(「HD」)）並びに２つの生物薬剤（炭疽菌胞子およびペスト菌）に対して生存薬剤試験を行った。化学薬剤におけるDF-200HF（3-パート構成を使用）の動的試験の結果を、表１９に示す。

【０１３７】
GDをDF-200HFに曝露した後、メチルホスホン酸（MPA）およびピナコリルメチルホスホン酸（PMPA）が副生成物として同定された。VXをDF-200HFに曝露した後、エチルメチルホスホン酸（EMPA）およびMPAが副生成物として同定された。このことから、VXの駆除はEA2192（VX分解中にも生成される有毒副生成物）へではなくて、ホスホン酸へのより望ましい経路を辿ることが示された。最後に、HDをDF-200HFに曝露した後、HDの初期分解生成物にはスルホキシドおよびスルホン副生成物の混合物が含有されるが、60分後にはこれらの各副生成物はそれぞれほぼ完成に消失する。
【０１３８】
炭疽菌胞子に対する試験結果を表２０および２１に、ペスト菌（すなわち疫病バクテリア）に対する試験結果を表２２に示す（NGは「増殖なし」を示す）。これらの試験についての検出限界は、10CFU/mlであった。「減少%」欄の「誤差バー」は、この検出限界を織り込んでいることに留意されたい。

DF-200HFは胞子の成長をただ抑制したのではなく実際に殺傷したことを確認するために、これら各試験で細胞増殖に使用したペトリ皿を試験後21日間保存した。21日経過後、いずれのペトリ皿にも増殖は観察されなかった。
【０１３９】
DF-200HFを用いた有毒産業用化学薬品試験
さまざまな有毒工業用化学薬品（TIC）についてもDF-200HFに対する試験を行ってきた。これまでのTIC試験の概要およびこれらの試験結果を、表２３に示す。なお、マラチオン、ブチルイソシアネート、シアン化ナトリウムおよび二硫化炭素についての結果は発泡体溶液中の未反応化学薬品を分析して得たが、一方ホスゲンについての結果は発泡体固体の上部空間の化学薬品を分析して得たことに注意されたい。これらの結果は、これらの有毒工業用化学薬品の中和に非常に効果的であることを実証するものである。

【０１４０】
前記の実施例で用いた反応剤および／または作業状態を本発明の包括的にまたは具体的に述べたものに置き換えて前記の実施例を繰り返しても同様の成果が得られる。
【０１４１】
これらの好適な実施例を特別に引用して本発明を詳細に記載してきたが、他の実施例でも同様の結果を得ることができる。本発明の変更および修正は当業者にとって明らかであり、そのような全ての変更および修正は本発明の特許請求の範囲に含まれる。上記に引用した全ての参考文献、出願、特許および刊行物の開示内容は全て参照により本明細書に援用される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【０１４２】
添付図面は、本明細書に編入されて本明細書の一部を構成し、本発明の1以上の実施態様を図解するものであり、詳細な説明と一体となって本発明の原理の説明を支援する。図面の目的は、1以上の好ましい本発明実施態様を図解するにとどまり、本発明を限定するものと解釈してはならない。
【図１】は、バチルスグロビジ（炭疽菌擬似体）胞子殺傷に対するDF-200の効果を示すグラフである。
【図２】は、本発明の第一迅速展開用構成の好ましい混合手順を示す模式図である(「DF-200HF迅速展開用」)。
【図３】は、本発明の第二迅速展開用構成の好ましい混合手順を示す模式図である(「DF-200HFスラリー迅速展開用」)。【Technical field】
[0001]
The present invention relates to formulations for neutralizing chemical, biological and industrial toxicants.
[0002]
The present invention relates to materials and methods for the neutralization of toxic chemical, biological and industrial compounds or drugs, in particular chemical and biological weapons drugs, and methods of making the same. In particular, the present invention provides solubilizers, reactive compounds and bleach activators that increase the reaction rate when delivered as foams, sprays, liquids, mists and aerosols, thereby allowing neutralization of chemical compounds, It also relates to materials containing other additives that act to kill or attenuate certain biological compounds or drugs.
[0003]
(Cross-reference of related applications)
This application is a U.S. Patent Application No. 09 / 109,235, entitled “Aqueous Foaming Agent for Chemical and Biological Weapons Mitigation and Decontamination”, filed June 30, 1998, currently withdrawn. U.S. Patent Application No. 09 / 607,586, claiming the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 146,432, filing date of July 29, 1999 Is a continuation-in-part application for "Neutralizing preparation". These specifications are incorporated herein by reference.
[0004]
The present invention relates to U.S. Patent Application No. 09 / 952,940, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent No. 09 / 607,586, the title of the invention `` Formulation for neutralization of chemical and biological toxicants ''. And a concentrated formulation and method for neutralizing biological toxicants ", filing date September 14, 2001, the specifications of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0005]
This application is a US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 326,508, entitled “DF-200-CBW Enhanced Formulation for Decontamination and Mitigation of Drugs and Biological Pathogens”, filing date October 1, 2001, and US Provisional Patent. Application No. 60 / 334,271, title of invention `` Rapid formulation of DF-200 '', filing date November 30, 2001, and US provisional patent application No. 60 / 387,104, title of invention `` decontamination preparation '', filing The claims of each application dated June 7, 2002, are hereby incorporated by reference into the present specification.
[0006]
(Government rights)
The US Government has the rights to the present invention in accordance with Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL8500D awarded by the US Department of Energy.
[Background]
[0007]
The threat of terrorists that are likely to involve weapons of mass destruction is increasing in the United States and abroad. The use and threat of chemical and biological drugs related to weapons of mass destruction are the most serious concerns for both national defense and enforcement of state and local laws.
[0008]
Certain chemical weapons ("CWs") that terrorists are known to pose a threat have common characteristics that can provide clues for developing countermeasures. The chemical agents sarin and tabun (G agent) are good examples of phosphorus-containing compounds that can lose their toxicity when chemically altered. Mustard, which is an example of the H agent, and VX, which is an example of the V agent, can also be rendered harmless by chemical alteration. In addition, some known biological weapons can also chemically inactivate botulinum toxins, Bacillus anthracis and other spore-forming bacteria, pesticidal bacteria and various viruses.
[0009]
CW or biological weapons (BW) attacks can be used for local placement or widespread dissemination of such weapons drugs with the aim of affecting a large number of people. Because CW and BW (CBW) drugs can be formulated in a variety of forms, survivors are likely to be exposed to the drug in a variety of physical conditions, including bulk, aerosol, and vapor.
[0010]
Effective, quick and safe (non-toxic and non-corrosive) decontamination techniques are needed to restore private facilities in the event of domestic terrorist attacks. Ideally, this technique should be applicable to a variety of scenarios, including open, semi-closed and closed facilities, and sensitive equipment decontamination. Examples of types of facilities where decontamination products can be used include stadiums (open), subway stations (semi-closed), and airfields and office buildings (closed). The foaming mold is useful for extending the contact time of the formulation with the vertical surface.
[0011]
The decontamination of chemical substances has mainly centered on chemical warfare agents, especially nerve agents (G agents, V agents, etc.) and blistering agents (such as mustard gas or simply mustard). Reactions involved in chemical drug detoxification can be divided into substitution reactions and oxidation reactions. Decontamination of biopharmaceuticals is mainly centered on bacterial spores (eg, Bacillus anthracis) that are considered most difficult to kill among all microorganisms. Further background is discussed in US Patent Applications Nos. 09 / 607,586 and 09 / 952,940.
[0012]
There is also a need for rapid, safe and effective neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals such as malathion, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, butyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide and phosgene gas.
[0013]
US Patent Application No. 09 / 607,586 relates generally to water-based decontamination technology (DF-100) that rapidly neutralizes chemical and biological weapons (CBW) drugs. The formulation is:
Effective in neutralizing both chemical and biological agents;
Environmentally friendly (i.e. non-toxic, non-corrosive);
Works on a number of expected material surfaces;
-As a result of blending with various carriers (eg, foam, liquid spray, mist), various working purposes can be satisfied.
[0014]
The primary interest in the use of this technology came from the first private respondents (e.g., firefighters, police officers, and dangerous goods handlers who first arrive at the attack site using CBW drugs). A second concern was raised for use for facility recovery. Due to the technical problems that exist with DF-100, the use of this formulation by private first responders is not optimal. These technical problems are as follows: (1) Each chemical and biological agent must be optimally decontaminated by adjusting the pH of DF-100. In other words, various formulations are required to neutralize each specific drug. Adjusting the pH of the formulation is relatively simple in the laboratory but difficult in the field and is generally unsuitable for the primary user of the technology (ie, the first private responder). (2) The reaction rate of mustard, one of the chemical agents, is slower than the reaction rate of other chemical agents.
[0015]
Due to these technical problems, the effectiveness of DF-100 is limited in actual use. The improved formulation DF-100 disclosed in US Patent Application No. 09 / 952,940 addresses the need for pH adjustment for each specific drug (ie, the first technical problem discussed above). However, while DF-100 improves the performance at a single pH, the formulation does not completely solve this problem and the second technical problem (i.e. the relatively slow mustard). Response rate). In addition, some types of DF-100 / 100A can use short chain alcohols (eg, isobutanol, isopropanol), which causes flammability problems when the formulation is packaged in a concentrated form there is a possibility. One type of DF-100 / 100A can also use diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DEGMBE), which is used in some chemical agent sensors and detectors (especially in some military facilities). May cause false alarms.
[0016]
For comparison, an example of a preferred formulation of DF-100 is shown below:
DF-100
2.6% Variquat80MC (cationic surfactant)
3.3% Adogen477 (cation hydrotrope)
0.8% 1-dodecanol (fatty alcohol)
0.5% isobutanol (short chain alcohol)
1.6% isopropanol (short chain alcohol)
0.1% Jaguar8000 (cationic polymer)
1.6% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (solvent)
4% sodium bicarbonate (buffering agent and peroxide activator)
4% hydrogen peroxide (liquid oxidant)
75% water
[0017]
This formulation is capable of optimal decontamination of mustard and anthrax spores by adjusting the pH value to 8, and optimal decontamination of VX by adjusting the pH value to 10.5. Chemical agent decontamination is generally effective anywhere between pH 8-10. For further comparison, an example of a preferred formulation of DF-100A is shown below:
DF-100A
5.3% Variquat80MC (cationic surfactant)
2.8% Adogen477 (cation hydrotrope)
0.65% 1-dodecanol (fatty alcohol)
0.6% isobutanol (short chain alcohol)
0.1% Jaguar8000 (cationic polymer)
1.35% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (solvent)
4% potassium bicarbonate (buffer and peroxide activators)
4% hydrogen peroxide (oxidizer)
81% water
[0018]
This formulation is capable of optimal decontamination of mustard and Bacillus anthracis spores by adjusting the pH value to 8; by adjusting the pH value to 10, optimal decontamination of VX is possible. Chemical agent decontamination is generally effective anywhere between pH 8-10. It can also be adjusted to pH 9.2 for sub-optimal decontamination of all drugs.
[0019]
In both the above examples of DF-100 and DF-100A, hydrogen peroxide and bicarbonate react to form a highly reactive negatively charged nucleophile, a strong oxidant hydroperoxycarbonate (HCO_Four ^-). By using hydrogen peroxide, other negatively charged nucleophiles such as hydroxyl ions (OH^-) And hydroperoxide ions (OOH)^-) Is formed :. The function of the other ingredients in these formulations is discussed extensively in US Patent Applications Nos. 09 / 607,586 and 09 / 952,940.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0020]
The present invention provides an enhanced decontamination formulation (generic name DF-200) comprising a bleach activator. This speeds up the reaction rate, improves performance and does not require pH adjustment. Bleach activators are often used in anionic laundry detergents, but in the present invention they can be used with cationic surfactants, in which case the good water solubility of the activator is a rapid reaction time. It is useful to achieve. Desirable bleach activators for use in the present invention are preferably water-soluble, non-toxic, non-flammable and low cost.
[0021]
Glucose pentaacetate is an O-acetyl peroxide activator and has been used as an activator for sterilized compositions containing cationic surfactants and inorganic peroxides (Japanese Published Patent Publication No. 62-155203, title of invention). (See "Sterilized composition for barns" (1987)). Glucose pentaacetate is a solid at room temperature (ie, melting point 110 ° C.) and is insoluble in water. In the peroxide-containing aqueous solution, the compound dissolves very slowly in water while reacting with the peroxide. It takes several hours to dissolve at a glucose pentaacetate concentration of about 2%. For this reason, this use is not desirable for rapid deployment configurations.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0022]
The present invention is a formulation for use in neutralizing at least one toxic substance, the formulation comprising: That is: at least two solubilizers, wherein at least one solubilizer is a cationic surfactant and at least one solubilizer is a cationic hydrotrope; at least one reactivity The at least one reactive compound is hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate and sodium percarbonate. A reactive compound selected from the group consisting of; and at least one bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile bleach activators. In this case, the at least two solubilizers, the at least one reactive compound and the at least one bleach activator are mixed with water and, when exposed to the at least one poison, the at least one poison. Neutralize. In a preferred embodiment, the cationic surfactant includes a quaternary ammonium salt, most preferably cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, tetrabutyl bromide. Ammonium or WITCO VARIQUAT 80MC® or combinations thereof. The formulation further comprises a water-soluble polymer, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, (cationic or non-ionic) polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyacrylamide, poly (ethylene oxide), glycerol, polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000) or JAGUAR 8000 (Registered trademark) (guagum 2-hydroxypropyl ether) or a combination thereof. The formulation further comprises fatty alcohols comprising 8-20 carbon atoms per molecule, solvents (preferably di (propylene glycol) methyl ether or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether or combinations thereof) and / or carbonates (preferably heavy oils). Potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate or potassium carbonate or combinations thereof) may also be included. The bleach activator is preferably water soluble, most preferably acetylcholine chloride, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate), diacetin (glycerol diacetate), 4-cyanobenzoic acid, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate Dimethyl glutarate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate (diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate or propylene glycol diacetate or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the bleach activator may be insoluble in water, preferably with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), n-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS) or N-acetylglucosamine or combinations thereof. Can be. The formulation preferably has a pH value of about 9.6 to about 9.8 when mixed with water. One embodiment of the invention consists essentially of 1-10% benzalkonium chloride, 1-8% propylene glycol diacetate, 1-16% hydrogen peroxide and 2-8% potassium bicarbonate.
[0023]
The invention also provides a formulation for use in neutralizing at least one toxicant, the formulation comprising: That is, at least one cationic surfactant; at least one reactive compound, the at least one reactive compound being hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, perboric acid A reactive compound selected from the group consisting of sodium, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate and sodium percarbonate; at least one bleach selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile group bleach activators An active agent; and at least one carbonate that is not one of the at least one reactive compound. Wherein the at least one surfactant, the at least one reactive compound, the at least one water-soluble bleach activator, when mixed with water and exposed to the at least one poison, the at least one Neutralizes poisons. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation has a pH value of about 9.6 to about 9.8 when mixed with water and the ionic surfactant comprises a quaternary ammonium salt, most preferably benzalkonium chloride. The at least one carbonate is preferably potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate or potassium carbonate or combinations thereof. Some embodiments consist essentially of at least one cationic surfactant, at least one reactive compound, at least one bleach activator and at least one carbonate. The bleach activator is preferably water soluble, most preferably acetylcholine chloride, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate), diacetin (glycerol diacetate), 4-cyanobenzoic acid, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate Dimethyl glutarate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate (diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate or propylene glycol diacetate or combinations thereof.
[0024]
The present invention further relates to a formulation for use in neutralizing at least one poison, said formulation comprising: That is, at least one cationic surfactant; at least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one reactive compound is hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, perboric acid A reactive compound selected from the group consisting of sodium, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate and sodium percarbonate; at least one water-soluble selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile bleach activators Bleach activator. In this case, the at least one surfactant, the at least one reactive compound, the at least one water-soluble bleach activator, when mixed with water and exposed to the at least one poison, the at least one Neutralizes poisons. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one water-soluble bleach activator is acetylcholine chloride, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate), diacetin (glycerol diacetate), 4-cyanobenzoic acid, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, acetic acid. Methyl, dimethyl glutarate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate (diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate or propylene glycol diacetate or combinations thereof. The cationic surfactant preferably further comprises a quaternary ammonium salt, most preferably benzalkonium chloride. The formulation preferably further comprises at least one carbonate, most preferably potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate or potassium carbonate or combinations thereof. The formulation has a pH value of about 9.6 to 9.8 when mixed with water. Some embodiments consist essentially of at least one cationic surfactant, at least one reactive compound, and at least one water-soluble bleach activator.
[0025]
The present invention still further provides a formulation for use in neutralizing at least one toxicant, the formulation comprising: At least one solubilizer selected from the group consisting of a cationic hydrotrope and a fatty alcohol of 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule; at least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one reactive compound is an excess A reactive compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen oxide, urea peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate and sodium percarbonate; and O-acetyl, At least one bleach activator selected from the group consisting of N-acetyl and nitrile group bleach activators; In this case, the at least one solubilizer, the at least one reactive compound, and the at least one bleach activator are mixed with water and exposed to the at least one poison, the at least one poison. Neutralize.
[0026]
The present invention relates to any of the above formulations packaged as a kit. In a first embodiment, the kit contains: A premixed component comprising at least two solubilizers; a first component comprising at least one bleach activator; and a second component comprising at least one reactive compound. The first embodiment may further comprise water and a base, the premix component may further comprise a water soluble polymer, and the at least one bleach activator is preferably propylene glycol diacetate, glycerol diester. Acetate and / or TAED, the premix component may further comprise a fatty alcohol of 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule, at least one reactive compound is urea hydrogen peroxide, and its second component May be at least one reactive compound further comprising sodium percarbonate and the pre-mix component may further comprise a short chain alcohol. The second embodiment contains the following. A first premixed component comprising at least two solubilizers and water; and a second premixed component comprising at least one bleach activator and at least one reactive compound thereof. In that case, at least one bleach activator is in the solid state. In a second embodiment, the first premix component further comprises an acid, the at least one bleach activator preferably comprises acetylcholine chloride, the at least one reactive compound comprises urea hydrogen peroxide, and at least One bleach activator comprises TAED and encapsulates the at least one bleach activator to prevent premature reaction with the at least one reactive compound. The third embodiment contains the following. A premixed component comprising at least two solubilizers and at least one bleach activator; and a component comprising at least one reactive compound. In this third embodiment, the premix component may further include water and acid, and the component including at least one reactive compound may include sodium percarbonate and further acid. When the urea hydrogen peroxide is included in at least one reactive compound, the component including the at least one reactive compound may include potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate.
[0027]
The objectives, advantages and novel features of the invention, as well as the scope of further applicability, will be set forth in part in the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but in part by testing the following description It will be apparent to those skilled in the art or will be appreciated by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0028]
The present invention addresses the need for a comprehensive formulation that neutralizes the side effects of one or both of chemical and biotoxins. In that case, a poison is a chemical that can cause death, temporary disability, or permanent harm to humans or animals if left untreated due to chemical or biological effects on life processes. It is defined as a system or biological compound, constituent, species or drug. This includes all of the above chemicals or biopharmaceuticals, regardless of the source or method of production thereof, whether they are being generated at a facility, a munitions facility, or It doesn't matter if it is somewhere else. Neutralization is defined as mitigating, detoxifying, decontaminating or otherwise destroying a toxic substance to such an extent that the toxic substance no longer causes acute side effects in humans or animals. The formulations of the present invention and the modifications already described can be neutralized and as such do not cause infections, serious health hazards to the animals and even death.
[0029]
An important subset of chemical and biological compounds targeted by the present invention is that of chemical weapon (CW) and biological weapon (BW) drugs. However, the present invention is also directed to poisons that can cause potential health hazards to animals, including humans, and such health hazards include, for example, infection, acute and chronic health effects and lethality. Such poisons can also be identified in agricultural facilities, livestock farms, ranches or food processing or packaging facilities. Furthermore, the present invention also addresses the need for formulations that are non-toxic and non-corrosive in themselves and can be delivered at various stages by various means. Specific embodiments are discussed in US Patent Applications Nos. 09 / 607,586 and 09 / 952,940. The present invention presents another embodiment that has substantial differences over the prior art and conventional embodiments, which is described below.
[0030]
As used herein, the term “formulation” is an activated product or solution (eg, an aqueous solution) for application to a surface or body for neutralization purposes, with the addition of a gas (eg, air) to foam. It is defined that it may or may not. Unless stated otherwise, the concentrations, constituents or components listed here are relative to the weight percent of the total activation solution. As used herein, the term “water” means: pure water, tap water, deionized water, demineralized water, soft water, or mainly H₂Defined as containing all other liquids consisting of O extensively.
[0031]
An example of a minimal set of DF-200 formulation constituents that can achieve a high spore kill rate is four components:
(1) a solubilizer selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant (eg, Variquat80MC), a cationic hydrotrope (eg, Adogen477) and a fatty alcohol (eg, 1-dedeconal);
(2) a bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile group peroxide activators (eg, propylene glycol diacetate);
(3) reactive compounds (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid); and
(4) contains water,
Solubilizers effectively serve to attack the toxicant, reactive compounds serve to attack and neutralize the toxicant, and bleach activators enhance the process.
[0032]
Examples of suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts and polymeric quaternary salts. Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium salts are cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, tetrabutylammonium bromide. A preferred cationic surfactant is WITCO VARIQUAT 80MC®, which is a mixture of benzyl chloride (C12-C16) alkyl dimethyl ammonium. The concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt used in DF-200 is preferably about 10%. This is because quaternary ammonium salts are significantly more toxic to humans and the environment at higher concentrations.
[0033]
Examples of suitable cationic hydrotropes are tetrapentylammonium bromide, triacetylmethylammonium bromide and tetrabutylammonium bromide. A preferred cationic hydrotrope is WITCO ADGEN477®, which is pentamethyl tallow alkyl trimethylene diammonium dichloride.
[0034]
Examples of suitable fatty alcohols are alcohols having 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule, such as 1-dodecanol, pure decanol, hexadecanol and 1-tetradecanol.
[0035]
Examples of suitable bleach activators are discussed later.
Examples of suitable reactive compounds are peroxide compounds; hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium carbonate perhydrate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, peroxysilicate hydrogen Sodium, pyrophosphate peroxide adduct, citrate, urea, and sodium silicate, activated peroxide compounds (eg, hydrogen peroxide + bicarbonate), peracetic acid, oximate (eg, butane-2, 3-dienes, monooximate ions and benzohydroxamate), alkoxides (e.g. methoxide and ethoxide), aryloxides (e.g. aryl-substituted benzenesulfonates), aldehydes (e.g. glutaraldehyde), peroxymono Sulfate, Fenton reagent (mixture of iron and peroxide), and There is sodium chlorite. When these reactive compounds are used in the DF-200 formulation, various negatively charged nucleophilic ions can be generated. For example, when hydrogen peroxide is used, hydroxyl ions (OH^-) And hydroperoxide ions (OOH)^-) And / or hydroperoxycarbonate ions (HCO) when hydrogen peroxide is used in combination with carbonates._Four-) Is produced. Hydroperoxycarbonate ion (HCO_Four-) Is a hydroxyl ion (OH^-) And hydroperoxide ions (OOH)^-) Is a much more powerful oxidant than) and is particularly effective in reacting with biotoxins. If hydrogen peroxide is used in the DF-200 formulation, its concentration is preferably less than about 10%. The reason is that the higher the concentration, especially the 30-50% hydrogen peroxide concentration range, the significant corrosiveness is exhibited.
[0036]
To achieve a very high spore kill rate, it is preferred to add carbonate (eg, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate) to the minimal set of constituents of the DF-200 formulation described above. When a peroxide compound (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) is used as a reactive compound in DF-200, the added carbonate is bound to, for example, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxy peroxycarbonate species (HCO) is extremely reactive._Four ^-). The addition of carbonate can also buffer the formulation and optimize the pH.
[0037]
Therefore, the minimal set of constituents of the DF-200 formulation that can achieve very high spore kill rates includes five components:
(1) a solubilizer selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant (eg, Variquat80MC), a cationic hydrotrope (eg, Adogen477) and a fatty alcohol (eg, 1-dedeconal);
(2) a bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile group peroxide activators (eg, propylene glycol diacetate);
(3) reactive components (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, etc.); and
(4) carbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate); and
(5) Water
[0038]
Examples of suitable carbonates include potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
[0039]
Figure 1 shows Bacillus globidi spores (starting concentration, spore 10⁷The result of the decontamination test is shown. Spores were exposed for 1 hour to four sub-combinations with different components of the DF-200 formulation (pH of the formulation was 9.8). Surviving bacteria were cultured to determine the degree of spore killing. As shown in FIG. 3, significant spore killing was achieved by the following two different combinations. That is: (1) 2% Variquat (cationic surfactant), 2% propylene glycol diacetate (bleaching activator) and 2% hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) aqueous solution, (2) 2% Variquat (cationic) Surfactant), 5% potassium bicarbonate (buffer and peroxide activators) and 2% hydrogen peroxide (oxidant) in water. However, very high spore kill rates are (3) 2% Variquat (cationic surfactant), 2% propylene glycol diacetate (bleach activator), 5% potassium bicarbonate (buffer and peroxide activators) And achieved by using a third combination consisting of an aqueous solution of 2% hydrogen peroxide (oxidant).
【Example】
[0040]
Next, various alternative embodiments and configurations of the DF-200 formulation are shown.
DF-200HF (High foaming property)
The present invention provides a reinforced decontamination formulation (“DF-200HF”) for high foaming applications. One example of a DF-200HF formulation contains:
DF-200HF (High foaming property)
1 to 4% (preferably 2%) Variquat 80MC (cationic surfactant)
0.5-3% (preferably 1%) Adogen 477 (cationic hydrotrope)
0.2-0.8% (preferably 0.4%) 1-dodecanol (aliphatic alcohol)
0.05-0.1% Jaguar 8000 (cationic water-soluble polymer)
0.5% di (propylene glycol) methyl ether (solvent)
0.1-10% (preferably 1-4%) Hydrogen peroxide (oxidizer)
0.1-10% (preferably 2-8%) bicarbonate (buffering agents and peroxidation activators)
1 to 4% propylene glycol diacetate (bleach activator)
67-97% water
[0041]
The formulation is effective at a pH value of 7.5 to 10.5. All the target substances can be optimally decontaminated by adjusting the pH value of the formulation to 9.6-9.8. The “high foaming” formulation contains a cationic water soluble polymer (eg, Jaguar 8000®), which increases the bulk viscosity of the solution and provides a more stable foam.
[0042]
Examples of suitable non-anionic water-soluble polymers include polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, (cationic or non-ionic) polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000), and Jaguar 8000® (Guar gum 2 -Hydroxypropyl ether). Cationic polymers are preferred over nonionic polymers and anionic polymers do not function well. Since the surface viscosity of the foam lamella is increased by the action of the aliphatic alcohol 1-dodecanol, the stability of the foam is increased against drainage and foam collapse.
[0043]
DF-200LF (Low foaming)
The present invention provides an enhanced decontamination formulation (“DF-200LF”) for low foaming applications. One example of a DF-200LF formulation contains:
DF-200LF (Low foaming)
4% Variquat 80MC (cationic surfactant)
0.4% Lauramide DEA [N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -dodecanamide] (foaming effect accelerator)
1 to 4% propylene glycol diacetate (bleach activator)
0.5% di (propylene glycol) methyl ether (solvent)
0.05-0.1% Jaguar 8000 polymer (cationic water-soluble polymer)
0.1-10% (preferably 1-4%) Hydrogen peroxide (oxidizer)
0.1-10% (preferably 2-8%) bicarbonate (buffering agents and peroxidation activators)
71-94% water
[0044]
The formulation is generally effective at a pH value of 7.5 to 10.5. All the target substances can be optimally decontaminated by adjusting the pH value of the formulation to about 9.6-9.8.
[0045]
The term “high foaming” refers to the ability of the formulation to form foams that are highly stable and difficult to break, while “low foaming” formulations form foams that are not very stable. The following table shows the improved performance of DF-200HF and DF-200LF compared to DF-100A. The designation “ND” indicates a concentration below the detectable limit and “PGD” indicates propylene glycol diacetate (the preferred bleach activator).

[0046]
Differences in formulation between DF-200 and DF-100 / 100A include the following.
• DF-200 is active against all factors at a single pH. The formulation is effective at a pH value of about 7.5 to 0.5, is more effective at a pH value of about 9.2 to 9.8, and is most effective at a pH value of about 9.6 to 9.8.
-DF-200 has relatively good performance against mustard.
-DF-200 has relatively good performance against bacterial spores.
DF-200 has relatively low concentrations of both cationic surfactants and / or cationic hydrotropes, but further reduces the (already low) toxicity and corrosivity of the formulation.
DF-200 has 1-dodecanol, which is a low concentration foam stability component.
DF-200 does not use short chain alcohols (eg isobutanol, isopropanol) that cause flammability problems when the formulation is packaged in a concentrated form.
DF-200 does not use diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DEGMBE), which can cause false alarms on several chemical sensors and detectors, especially older sensors used in military installations. and
DF-200 can contain a relatively low concentration of hydrogen peroxide that also reduces the (already low) toxicity and corrosivity of the formulation.
[0047]
Furthermore, the differences between DF-200 and DF-100A are as follows.
• DF-200 performs optimally at higher pH (approximately 9.6-9.8) compared to DF-100A. However, it should be noted that this is a typical pH value for common household products such as laundry detergents, shampoos, and dishwashing detergents.
DF-200 is a unique component (eg hydrogen peroxide and bleach activator) that must be stored separately from large quantities of preparation until use (one component, only hydrogen peroxide) Have more than DF-100A). This is described in more detail below.
[0048]
One reason that DF-200 formulations (eg DF-200HF and DF-200LF) have better performance than DF-100 and DF-100A formulations is the addition of bleach activators (eg propylene glycol diacetate) That is. Bleach activators are compounds with O- or N-linked acetyl groups and can react with strongly nucleophilic hydroperoxyanions (OOH-), thus producing peroxidic species, which are It becomes a more effective oxidant than alone.

Since the 1950s, various bleach activators have been used in commercial laundry detergents as well as other commercial products. The most common activators are tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), which is mainly used in Europe and Asia, and n-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS), which is mainly used in the United States. NOBS is a proprietary chemical from Procter & Gamble. In laundry detergents, hydrogen peroxide is supplied in solid form (usually as sodium perborate that reacts in water to form hydroperoxyanions). By adding a bleach activator, the laundry detergent's ability to remove dirt from clothing is greatly improved.
[0049]
It should be noted that TAED and NOBS bleach activators are very insoluble in water (eg, TAED is only 1% soluble at 25 ° C.). To solve this problem of laundry detergents, the solid TAED or NOBS pieces are kept floating by the scrubbing action of the washing machine and slowly react with the hydrogen peroxide in the detergent. However, scratching with the DF-200 formulation is actually a problem. Accordingly, water soluble bleach activators are preferred.
[0050]
Useful water soluble bleach activators include, for example, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate, dimethyl glutarate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate for short chain organic compositions containing ester linkages. (Diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate, and propylene glycol diacetate. A preferred water soluble bleach activator is propylene glycol diacetate (PGD), shown below.

When this molecule reacts with the hydroperoxy anion (OOH-), it abandons the ester bond and forms two peroxide molecules.
[0051]
Propylene glycol diacetate also functions as an organic solvent, which is extremely effective in solubilizing insoluble organic molecules such as chemical warfare agents and foam stabilizers / effect promoters (such as 1-dodecanol and Lauramide DEA). is there. Thus, a further function of this compound is that its use assists the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DEGMBE) solvent used in DF-100 and DF-100A, or is used in some DF-200 formulations. The di (propylene glycol) methyl ether solvent is assisted so that the propylene glycol diacetate can serve a dual purpose (ie solvent and bleach activator).
[0052]
Bleach activators are generally not stable for a long time in water. This is especially true when the aqueous solution has a high pH (> 10). Thus, for long-term storage, it is preferable to store propylene glycol diacetate (or other bleach activator) separately from the aqueous solution until use. This is similar to other products that utilize bleach activators (eg laundry detergents), where all components of the formulation are kept dry until use and separated from aqueous solutions (for laundry detergents). In some cases, the bleach activator is encapsulated so that the reaction between it and the peroxide component is prevented until the two components are mixed in water).
[0053]
Another example of a water soluble bleach activator is ethylene glycol diacetate, which works well in the DF-200 formulation. However, when ethylene glycol diacetate reacts with hydrogen peroxide, it forms ethylene glycol (ie, antifreeze), which is a relatively toxic byproduct. On the other hand, propylene glycol diacetate does not form this relatively toxic byproduct.
[0054]
DF-200NF (non-foaming)
The present invention also provides non-foaming that can be used for specific applications such as, for example, killing biological microorganisms, batch processing (eg, chemical demilitarization neutralization, ie, in a solution bath), or spray application. This is an example of sex (“DF-200NF”). Preferred examples of this preparation include the following (amounts are specific examples).
[0055]
DF-200NF (non-foaming)
1-10% (preferably 2.5%) Benzalkonium chloride (cationic surfactant)
1-8% propylene glycol diacetate (bleach activator)
1-16% hydrogen peroxide (oxidizer)
2-8% potassium bicarbonate (buffering agent and peroxide activator)
65.5-93.5% water
[0056]
The formulation can be optimized by adjusting the pH value to about 9.6 to 9.8, and is effective in decontaminating all target substances.
[0057]
DF-100E
The present invention is also an enhanced version of DF-100A that utilizes a propylene glycol diacetate bleach activator. Preferred examples of the toughening formulation (“DF-100E”) include the following (amounts are specific):
[0058]
DF-100E
5.3% Variquat 80MC
2.8% Adogen 477
0.65% 1-dodecanol
0.5% Inobutanol
0.1% Jaguar 8000
1.35% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
2-8% bicarbonate
1-4% hydrogen peroxide
1-4% propylene glycol diacetate
73-85% water
[0059]
The formulation can be optimized for all drugs by adjusting the pH value to about 9.6-9.8. The performance of DF-100E (PGD2% / H2O23.00% / bicarbonate 3.75%) against chemical mimetics is shown in Table 5 below.

[0060]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 30 minutes exposure to DF-100E.
[0061]
Other bleach activators (such as water soluble NOBS or TAED) can be used in place of propylene glycol diacetate in DF-100E. However, as can be seen from the above, in this case a slurry mixture is obtained rather than a true liquid solution.
[0062]
The following table summarizes some differences between DF-100, DF-100A, DF-100E, DF-200HF, DF-200LF, DF-200NF and DF-200HF slurries.

[0063]
Kit configuration
The following section provides examples of various 2-part, 3-part and 4-part “kit” configurations for various examples of DF-200 formulations. Generally, 2-part and 3-part kits have a large amount of water already “prepackaged” in one of two (or three) containers (usually foam components). This allows for rapid deployment of the decontamination solution, use in small units (eg, backpacks) and eliminates the need for special water arrangements locally.
[0064]
Conversely, 4-part kits generally require supplemental water to be added at or near the contaminated site. This allows the “package” containing the other three parts to be significantly lighter and easier to transport and store. However, a replenishment source is required locally (seawater may be used).
[0065]
In general, a DF-200 formulation can be configured either with or without a large amount of “prepackaged” water depending on its application.
[0066]
The DF-200HF formulation can be configured as a 4-part kit and is adjusted for local use as follows (amounts are specific examples).
[0067]
DF-200HF (4-part kit)
Part A (dense foam):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g b-dodecanol
1g Jaguar 8000 polymer
5g di (propylene glycol) methyl ether
7.5g potassium bicarbonate
141g water
Part B (solid component):
50g sodium percarbonate
50g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C (bleach activator):
20g propylene glycol diacetate
Part D (replenishment water):
800g water
[0068]
In the 4-part configuration example, a large amount of water is not included in the “package” (ie, Parts A, B and C), thus minimizing the package weight for transportation and storage. Here, make-up water (Part D) can be supplied at or near the site of local contamination. The pH of the formulation can be adjusted to about 9.6 to 9.8 for optimum performance. The above formulation gives 1 liter of “high” effervescent solution. In this example, sodium percarbonate provides a portion of hydrogen peroxide, a portion of bicarbonate, and a base that buffers the solution. The remaining hydrogen peroxide is supplied by urea hydrogen peroxide. In this example, the total hydrogen peroxide concentration is about 3%. The viscosity of the preparation is about 4-9 mm²Can be adjusted during / s.
[0069]
A variety of different methods can be used locally to mix the DF-200HF formulation into a 4-part kit. For example,
Method 1:
Supply makeup water (Part D). Next, part B is mixed with part D. Part C and Part A are then added to Part B + D. Preferably it is used within 8 hours.
Method 2:
Part C is mixed with Part A. Supply makeup water (Part D). Part B is then mixed with Part D. Separate until use. In use, part A + C is mixed with part B + D. Preferably, Part A + C is used within 8 hours of first mixing with Part B + D.
[0070]
In general, the activated DF-200 formulation is preferably used within 8 hours after mixing. But they are still effective up to 24 hours and beyond. DF-200HF (high foaming) can be applied to the surface for a long time, then rinse. However, DF-200LF (low foaming) can be used in a different way than DF-100 / 100A and DF-200HF formulations. Instead of leaving DF-200LF on the surface for an extended period of time, DF-200LF can be used on the surface for a relatively short period of time (eg, 15-60 minutes) and then rinsed with high pressure fresh water or seawater spray. This is particularly useful for decontamination of aircraft and other equipment where corrosion is a concern because it minimizes corrosion of the applied material. This also minimizes the time required for decontamination and is particularly advantageous for military use (in battlefields or fixed areas).
[0071]
Seawater can also be used effectively as supplemental water (Part D) for the DF-200 formulation. The table below shows the results of a dynamic test using DF-200HF (PGD 2% / H2O 23.50% / bicarbonate 4.0%) using seawater (total dissolved solids ~ 35,000ppm).

[0072]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 1 hour exposure to DF-200HF using seawater as supplemental water.
[0073]
A surface test of DF-200HF was conducted on mustard and VX mimics. For the test, 8 mg mimetics were applied to a 2 inch diameter test coupon made of CARC (Chemical Drug Resistant Coating). CARC is a substance commonly used to apply military vehicles to protect them from chemical attack.
After 1 hour, the test coupon was placed horizontally and 1.0 g of DF-200HF (PGD 2% / H 2 O 23.50% / bicarbonate 4.0%) was applied. After 60 minutes, the test coupon is immersed in 25 ml of acetonitrile for 15 minutes to obtain an unreacted mimic from the surface. The results (shown in Table 8) indicate that the test coupon decontamination is more effective compared to DF-100A.

[0074]
DF-200HF slurry (kit configuration)
For the DF-200 formulation, insoluble bleach activators (such as TAED, NOBS and N-acetylglucosamine) can be utilized in place of (water soluble) propylene glycol diacetate. In this case, however, when mixed with water, the formulation becomes a slurry rather than a true aqueous solution.
[0075]
The present invention also provides a method for producing a reactive slurry utilizing a water-insoluble solid bleach activator (eg, TAED), where the slurry is defined as a water mixture containing insoluble and non-dissolved materials. This example, referred to as “DF-200HF slurry”, is a modified form of the DF-200HF formulation. One example of a 4-part kit configuration is shown below (amounts are specific examples).
[0076]
DF-200HF slurry (4-part kit)
Part A (dense foam):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
1g Jaguar 8000 polymer
5g di (propylene glycol) methyl ether
7.5g potassium bicarbonate
161g water
Part B (solid component):
50g sodium percarbonate
50g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C (bleach activator):
10g TAED (preferably encapsulated TAED such as Warwick B637)
Part D (replenishment water):
800g water (may be fresh water or sea water supplied at the place of use)
[0077]
The above formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. The following mixing procedure is used. Mix Part B into Part D. Parts C and A are then added to parts B + D. Preferably it is used within 8 hours.
[0078]
The performance of each DF-200HF slurry (TAED 1% / H 2 O 23% / bicarbonate 4%) for each chemical agent mimetic is shown in Table 9 below.

[0079]
The above examples of various embodiments of the DF-200 are typically used in large-scale operations where dedicated deployment equipment is available and supplemental water sources are readily available (eg, military forces in air bases and seaports). Used to decontaminate a "fixed land") or to minimize the amount of "pre-packaged" water to minimize the weight of the formulation required for transportation and storage.
[0080]
DF-200 Rapid deployment configuration
The present invention also has a configuration in which the rapid development of the DF-200 preparation and / or the development thereof has an emphasis on use in a small-scale deployment device (a hand-held unit, a backpack unit, a unit mounted on a small cart, etc.). In these applications, all water is “pre-packaged” into the formulation, so that no special water is required locally. A first example of a three-part kit configuration “DF-200HF Rapid Deployment Configuration # 1” for a rapid deployment version of DF-200HF contains the following (amounts are specific examples):
[0081]
DF-200HF Rapid deployment # 1 (3-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
5g poly (ethylene oxide)
8g diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
5g isobutanol
45g potassium bicarbonate
About 19 g potassium hydroxide (part A pH should be about 10.2)
933g water
Part B (solid oxidant component):
97g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C (liquid bleach activator):
20g propylene glycol diacetate
[0082]
This configuration produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. The following mixing procedure is used. Part B is mixed with Part A. After dissolution of urea hydrogen peroxide, add Part C to Part A + B. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. The performance of DF-200HF rapid deployment against chemical mimetics is shown in Table 10 below.

[0083]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 30 minutes exposure to DF-200HF rapid deployment.
[0084]
A schematic example of a preferred mixing procedure for the first example of a rapid deployment configuration of DF-200HF is shown in FIG. Urea hydrogen peroxide quickly dissolves in water. Therefore, the formulation can be adjusted and placed in a very short time in the event of an incident involving chemical or biological weapons agents, so the first civilian responders (firefighters, dangerous goods handlers, police officers and Ideal for use by other people who first arrive at a biochemical weapon attack site) and / or by the military.
[0085]
However, the specific bleach activator (propylene glycol diacetate) used in this formulation is not stable in aqueous solutions with a pH greater than about 9.9. It is therefore important to mix the correct ingredients in the correct procedure. For example, if Part C is mixed with Part A before Part B is added, some activity in DF-200HF may be lost. This is because propylene glycol diacetate is exposed to solutions having a pH value greater than 9.9. However, if Part B is added to Part A before Part C is added, adding Part B to Part A will cause the pH of the Part A + B mixture to be below about 9.9, so there is no potential for loss. .
[0086]
The solvent diethylene glycol monobutyl ether used in Part A (foam solution) of the first example for DF-200HF rapid development formulation # 1 shown above is the DF-200HF formulation (di (propylene glycol) methyl ether) described above. It is different from the solvent used in. The reason is that di (propylene glycol) methyl ether is not stable in the high pH environment required by the foam component (part A) in a rapid deployment configuration. Also note that a short chain alcohol (ie, isobutanol) is added to the foam component (Part A) in DF-200HF rapid deployment configuration # 1. The low molecular weight alcohol causes the problem that the highly concentrated DF-200HF is flammable, but this is not a problem in the low concentrated configuration described herein. In addition, the use of isobutanol promotes the solubility of 1-dodecanol in Part A and improves the kinetics (chemical reactivity) of the preparation. Furthermore, the formulation preferably uses a polymer, poly (ethylene oxide), which is different from the polymer used in the other aforementioned DF-200 formulations (ie Jaguar 8000). This alternative polymer is used because Jaguar 8000 is also not stable in the liquid foam portion (part A) of the high pH environment of the rapid deployment formulation. Accordingly, preferred formulations of DF-200HF rapid development # 1 contain the following:
[0087]
DF-200HF Rapid deployment # 1
1 to 4% (preferably 2%) Variquat 80MC (cationic surfactant)
0.5-3% (preferably 1%) Adogen 477 (cationic hydrotrope)
0.2-0.8% (preferably 0.4%) 1-dodecanol (fatty alcohol)
0.5-8% (preferably 0.5%) Poly (ethylene glycol) (polymer)
0.6% to 1.2% (preferably 0.8%) Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (solvent)
0 to 1% (preferably 0.5%) Isobutanol (short chain alcohol)
0.1-10% (preferably 2-8%) Baking soda (buffering agent and peroxide activator)
0.1-10% (preferably 1-4%) Hydrogen peroxide (oxidizer)
0.1-10% (preferably 1-4%) Propylene glycol diacetate (bleach activator)
52-97% water
[0088]
The preparation can be optimally adjusted by adjusting the pH value to about 9.6 to 9.8, and is effective for decontamination of all target substances.
[0089]
The second example of a three-part kit configuration for the rapid deployment version of DF-200HF, “DF-200HF Rapid Deployment # 2,” contains the following (amounts are specific examples):
[0090]
DF-200HF Rapid deployment # 2 (3-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
20g polyethylene glycol 8000 polymer
8g diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
5g isobutanol
50g potassium bicarbonate
Approximately 25g potassium hydroxide (part A pH is preferably approximately 10.2)
933g water
Part B (solid oxidant component):
97g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C (liquid bleach activator):
20g propylene glycol diacetate
In the second example, polyethylene glycol 8000 polymer replaced the poly (ethylene oxide) polymer used in DF-200HF rapid development # 1.
[0091]
A third example of a 3-part kit configuration for the DF-200HF rapid deployment version, “DF-200HF Rapid Deployment # 3” contains the following (amounts are specific examples):
[0092]
DF-200HF Rapid deployment # 3 (3-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
20g polyethylene glycol 8000 polymer
10g hexylene glycol
45g potassium carbonate
5g potassium bicarbonate
700g water
Part B (solid oxidant component):
83g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C (liquid bleach activator):
20g glycol diacetate (ie diacetin)
[0093]
In the third example, polyethylene glycol 8000 polymer replaces the poly (ethylene oxide) polymer used as the water soluble polymer in DF-200HF rapid development # 1. Hexylene glycol also replaces diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and isobutanol used as solvents. Finally, glycol diacetate (ie, diacetin) replaces propylene glycol diacetate used as a bleach activator. These changes in the third example reduce or eliminate short chain alcohols and / or high vapor pressure solvents, and the liquid foam component (Part A) has a very long shelf life (months to years) In particular, problems that can occur at high indoor storage temperatures due to evaporation of the most volatile components are prevented. It should be noted that by selecting a combination of 45 g potassium carbonate and 5 g potassium bicarbonate, an appropriate amount of carbonic acid and bicarbonate is provided and the pH is adjusted appropriately. As is well known in the art, 50 g of potassium bicarbonate may alternatively be used (without potassium carbonate), and then the pH is desired if an appropriate amount of potassium hydroxide (base) is added. Can be raised to
[0094]
For rapid deployment of DF-200HF slurry
The present invention is also a two-part kit configuration of the rapid development example of the DF-200HF slurry example ("DF-200HF slurry rapid development"), where TAED (or other solid peroxide activator) Is used as a bleach activator. This example of a rapid deployment configuration also does not require the addition of additional water on site (amounts are specific).
[0095]
DF-200HF-Slurry rapid deployment (2-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
5g poly (ethylene glycol)
8g diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
5
50g potassium bicarbonate
28g potassium hydroxide (part A pH should be about 10.4)
953g water
Part B (solid oxidant component):
97g urea hydrogen peroxide
30g TAED (preferably encapsulated form like Warwick International B637)
[0096]
The formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to 9.6-9.8. The formulation can be mixed using the following procedure. Part B is mixed with Part A. Then wait at least 1 minute as the time for TAED to react with hydrogen peroxide. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. It is useful to note that TAED does not dissolve immediately in water but remains as a solid piece for at least 15-20 minutes. Therefore, a filter or mesh is required to prevent unmelted TAED pieces from damaging or clogging any of the deployment device pumps or other components. However, the formulation can be used about 1 minute after adding TAED pieces in Part B to Part A.
[0097]
Employing a TAED encapsulation in this configuration is useful for two reasons. First, the protective coating (which slowly dissolves in water) protects the TAED so it does not react with urea hydrogen peroxide during storage. Second, the coating protects the TAED from the high pH conditions in Part A until the urea hydrogen peroxide dissolves and the pH of the formulation drops below about 9.9. The preferred use of TAED is similar to propylene glycol acetate and protects the active agent from exposure to high pH solutions. TAED loses most of its potency as a bleach activator when exposed to solutions with a pH greater than 9.9. Therefore, using encapsulated TAED minimizes exposure to high pH conditions immediately after mixing Part B into Part A. The performance for the chemical agent mimic for rapid deployment of DF-200HF slurry is shown in Table 11 below.

[0098]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 30 minutes exposure for rapid deployment of DF-200HF slurry.
An outline of an example of the on-site mixing procedure for rapid development of DF-200HF slurry is shown in FIG.
The above are just a few examples of rapid deployment configurations for DF-200 formulations. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, other rapid deployment configurations are possible using the basic considerations set forth herein.
[0099]
The present invention is also a method for preparing a foam component (Part A) with a rapid deployment configuration. Below, one example of this method is shown below.
1. Put an appropriate amount of water in the mixing container.
2. Bicarbonate is added while stirring the water in the mixing vessel. Stir until completely dissolved
To do.
3. Mix poly (ethylene glycol) polymer slowly while stirring rapidly
Add to a container.
4). While stirring the foam solution in the mixing vessel, Variquat 80MC is added. completely
Stir until mixed.
5). Add Adogen 477 while stirring the foam solution in the mixing vessel. Completely mixed
Stir until combined. Be careful not to clump. Stir for a minimum of about 30 minutes.
6). In a separate container, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, isobutanol,
And 1-dodecanol. While stirring, the mixture is added to the foam solution.
Slowly add to.
7). While stirring the foam solution in the mixing vessel, slowly adjust the pH to an appropriate value.
Add chestnut and solid KOH.
[0100]
Other DF-200 formulations
The present invention is also the following other DF-200 formulations.
1. Other formulations containing propylene glycol that lower the freezing point of the solution.
2. Other formulations that utilize sodium percarbonate as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide.
3. Other formulations containing corrosion inhibitors.
4). Others that contain glycerol as a viscous builder for operations such as skin cleansing
Formulation.
5). Others that use O-acetyl bleach activators, including bleach activators available in solid form
Formulation.
6). Other formulations utilizing bleach activators containing nitrile groups.
[0101]
DF-200 using propylene glycol
The following is a first example of a two-part kit configuration for DF-200HF containing propylene glycol as a freezing point depressant, where all the water is “prepackaged” in Part A and the following: Contains (amounts are specific examples).
[0102]
DF-200HF rapid deployment using propylene glycol,
First example (2-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
20g Poly (diethylene glycol) (MW8000)
8g diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
5g isobutanol
4g 1-Dodecanol
20g propylene glycol diacetate
150g propylene glycol (freezing point depressant)
About 6 g of 10% HCl solution (sufficient to bring Part A final pH to 2.5)
777g water
Part B (solid additive):
97g urea hydrogen peroxide
12g potassium bicarbonate
38g potassium carbonate (buffer to adjust the final pH)
[0103]
This formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by adjusting the ratio of potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate used in Part B, the desired final pH of the formulation (preferably about 9.6 to about 9.8) can be obtained. Thus, in this example, the function of potassium carbonate is both a carbonate / bicarbonate base and a source. Part B is mixed with Part A to prepare the formulation. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. Table 12 shows the performance of the first example of DF-200HF using propylene glycol with respect to a chemical agent mimic.

[0104]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 30 minutes exposure to DF-200HF with propylene glycol.
[0105]
When all the water is “prepackaged” in part A, it is composed of only two parts, so that the formulation can be mixed in a very short time. Thus, it can be deployed very quickly in the context of incidents involving chemical and biological warfare agents. This configuration is ideal for use by the first civilian responders (firefighters, dangerous goods handlers, police officers, and other people who first arrive at a biochemical weapon attack site). However, this is heavier to carry than other configurations that add water locally.
[0106]
The configuration also incorporates a bleach activator and propylene glycol diacetate in foam component part A (without storage as a separate third component). This is possible because the pH of the foam component is less than 3. Propylene glycol diacetate hydrolyzes in solutions above pH 3, but is hydrolytically stable in solutions below pH 3. The configuration also uses polyethylene glycol polymer (PEG8000) as a thickener. The polymer is used in many cosmetics and is very water soluble and water stable. Furthermore, because it is not cohesive, it is easier to mix into solution than Jaguar 8000 or high molecular weight poly (ethylene oxide).
[0107]
The configuration includes propylene glycol as a freezing point depressant. Propylene glycol is recognized as an environmentally friendly antifreeze. In this case, the concentration is about 15% by weight, which lowers the freezing point of Part A by about 20 ° C. The configuration also gave results that may be tested with high concentrated propylene glycol as high as about 40% by weight.
[0108]
Another means of the first example of DF-200HF using propylene glycol described above is to use sodium percarbonate as a source of bicarbonate and part of the peroxide in Part B instead of using urea hydrogen peroxide. Is to use. The alternative is useful because sodium percarbonate is not as expensive as urea hydrogen peroxide. A second example of DF-200HF using the propylene glycol is shown below (the amount is a specific example).
[0109]
DF-200HF rapid deployment using propylene glycol,
Second example (2-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
20g Poly (ethylene glycol) (MW8000)
8g diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
5g isobutanol
4g 1-Dodecanol
20g propylene glycol diacetate
150g propylene glycol (freezing point depressant)
About 6 g of 10% HCl solution (sufficient to bring Part A final pH to 2.5)
777g water
Part B (solid additive):
90g sodium percarbonate
15g citric acid (buffer to adjust final pH)
[0110]
This formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimum performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. The following mixing procedure can be used. Part B is mixed with Part A. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. Alternatively, sodium bisulfate (a common pool preparation chemical) or other acids can be used in place of citric acid to adjust the pH. Table 13 shows the performance of the second example of DF-200HF using propylene glycol (using sodium percarbonate) against a chemical mimic.

[0111]
In general, sodium percarbonate dissolves more slowly than urea hydrogen peroxide after being added to Part A. However, for use in this configuration, sodium percarbonate can be crushed to about 100 mesh size to increase the dissolution rate. When ground sodium percarbonate is used, the dissolution time of sodium percarbonate is reduced from about 30 minutes to about 2 minutes.
[0112]
DF-200 using corrosion inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors can be added to the DF-200 formulation to reduce corrosion. A preferred corrosion inhibitor for use in the DF-200 formulation is N, N-dimethylethanolamine. However, other corrosion inhibitors such as triethanolamine, ethanolamine salts of C9, C10 and C12 diacid mixtures, dicyclohexylamine nitrite, and N, N-dibenzylamine can be used. The corrosion inhibitor added to the DF-200 formulation can function for a variety of purposes:
1. Corrosion inhibitor
2. pH buffer
3.1 a solvent to keep 1-dodecanol in solution, and
4). Co-solvent for solubilizing insoluble chemicals such as sarin or mustard
[0113]
Examples of DF-200HF 3-part kit configurations using corrosion inhibitors include the following (amounts are specific examples).
[0114]
Rapid deployment of DF-200HF using a corrosion inhibitor (3-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
5g poly (ethylene glycol)
10g N, N-dimethylethanolamine (corrosion inhibitor)
50g potassium bicarbonate
Approximately 18 g potassium hydroxide (enough to bring Part A final pH to 10.2)
936g water
Part B (solid oxidant component):
90g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C: (Liquid bleach activator):
20g propylene glycol diacetate
[0115]
This formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. The following mixing procedure can be used. Part B is mixed with Part A. Then, after dissolution of urea hydrogen peroxide, add Part C to Part A + B. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. Table 14 below shows the performance of DF-200HF using a corrosion inhibitor against chemical mimics.

[0116]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed that the kill rate after exposure to DF-200HF with a corrosion inhibitor for 60 minutes was 99.9999% (7-log). The addition of a corrosion inhibitor has a detrimental effect on the performance of DF-200 for chemical agents, but does not have a measurable effect on the performance of DF-100HF for biological agents. Similar results were obtained when 1% triethanolamine, an alternative corrosion inhibitor, was used.
[0117]
DF-200 using glycerin
In other examples of DF-200 formulations, glycerin can be used as a viscous builder in place of Jaguar 8000, poly (ethylene oxide), or polyethylene glycol. Glycerin is a common ingredient in cosmetics and is used in solvents, humectants and emollients as well as viscous builders. Thus, the use of glycerin in the DF-200 formulation can function for the following diverse purposes.
1. Viscous builder
2. Humectants (ie substances that moisturize the skin)
3.1-a solvent for keeping dodecanol in solution; and
4). Co-solvent for solubilizing insoluble chemicals such as sarin or mustard.
[0118]
Examples of the DF-200HF 3-part kit configuration using glycerin include the following (amounts are specific examples).
Rapid deployment of DF-200HF using glycerin (3-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
4g 1-Dodecanol
40g Glycerin (viscous builder)
40g potassium bicarbonate
Approximately 17 g potassium hydroxide (enough to bring Part A final pH to 10.2)
906g water
Part B (solid oxidant component):
97g urea hydrogen peroxide
Part C: (Liquid bleach activator):
20g propylene glycol diacetate
[0119]
This formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. The following mixing procedure can be used. Part B is mixed with Part A. Then, after dissolution of urea hydrogen peroxide, part C is added to part + / B. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. The performance of DF-200HF using glycerin against a chemical mimic is shown in Table 15 below.

[0120]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 30 minutes exposure to DF-200HF with glycerin.
[0121]
The formulation can be used for direct application to humans because glycerin acts as a moisturizer. The formulation can be utilized, for example, by removing the blowing agent components (such as 1-dodecanol and Adogen 477) as a spray or shower and by reducing the peroxide concentration. However, the disadvantage of using glycerin is that it is solid at fairly high temperatures (below 10 ° C.). Therefore, it is preferable to use in a controlled temperature state (that is, a warm state).
[0122]
The bleach activator, propylene glycol diacetate used in many of the aforementioned DF-200 configurations, is currently not available in solid form. However, other bleach activators are available as solids.
[0123]
DF-200 using acetylcholine chloride
Solid O-acetyl bleach activators (such as acetylcholine chloride often used in ophthalmic solutions) can be used in DF-200 formulations instead of (liquid) propylene glycol diacetate. The chemical structure of the O-acetyl bleach activator is shown below. As can be seen, the molecule is a fourth compound that contains an O-acetyl group that activates peroxide and is very compatible with the DF-200 formulation. Acetylcholine chloride is also water-soluble and very hygroscopic.

Examples of the DF-200HF 2-part kit configuration using acetylcholine chloride include the following (amounts are specific examples).
[0124]
Rapid deployment of DF-200HF using acetylcholine chloride (2-part kit)
Part A (liquid foam component):
20g Variquat 80MC
10g Adogen 477
30g Poly (ethylene glycol) (MW 8000)
8g diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
5g isobutanol
4g 1-Dodecanol
150g propylene glycol
50g potassium bicarbonate
Approximately 17 g potassium hydroxide (enough to bring Part A final pH to 10.2)
803g water
Part B (solid additive):
97g urea hydrogen peroxide
25g Acetylcholine chloride (solid bleach activator)
[0125]
This formulation produces a 1 liter foam solution. Optimal performance is possible by adjusting the pH of the final formulation to about 9.6-9.8. To use the formulation, part B is mixed with part A. Preferably it is used within 8 hours. The performance of DF-200HF using acetylcholine chloride against a chemical mimic is shown in Table 16 below.

[0126]
Tests against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed a kill rate of 99.9999% (7-log) after 30 minutes exposure to DF-200HF with acetylcholine chloride.
[0127]
Two other O-acetyl bleach activators, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate) and diacetin (glycerol diacetate) were also tested for their effectiveness in the DF-200 formulation. Both of these compounds have proven to be very effective bleach activators. These compounds are water-soluble liquids.
[0128]
Experiments have shown that peroxides in DF-200 formulations are also used by nitrile-containing compounds such as 4-cyanobenzoic acid (water soluble) at a concentration of, for example, 2% for neutralization of both chemical and biopharmaceutical mimetics It has also been shown to be effectively activated.
[0129]
DF-200 using peracetic acid
The test was conducted using peracetic acid instead of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent in DF-200. The following formulations were used.
2% Variquat 80MC (cationic surfactant)
2% peracetic acid (oxidizer)
5% potassium bicarbonate (buffer and activator)
91% water
[0130]
The formulation was tested for mimics of mustard, VX and anthrax spores with pH adjusted to 9.8 with solid KOH. The performance of the formulation against chemical drug mimetics is shown in Table 17.

[0131]
Testing against anthrax spores mimicking (Bacillus globidi spores) showed that the kill rate after 30 minutes exposure to DF-200HF with 2% peracetic acid was 99.9999% (7-log) .
[0132]
Further tests on DF-200 using peracetic acid at a high concentration (3.5%) were also conducted with the following formulations.
2% Variquat 80MC (cationic surfactant)
3.5% peracetic acid (oxidizer)
5% potassium bicarbonate (buffer and activator)
89.5% water
[0133]
The formulation was tested for mimics of mustard, VX and anthrax spores with pH adjusted to 9.8 with solid KOH. The performance of the formulation against chemical drug mimetics is shown in Table 18.

[0134]
This result indicates that using peracetic acid as an oxidant substitute is effective against chemical mimetics, but activated hydrogen peroxide (ie, hydrogen peroxide, bicarbonate and propylene as oxidants). It is not as effective as the DF-200 formulation using a combination of glycol diacetate). However, the DF-200 formulation with 2-3.5% peracetic acid is very effective for spore killing. Nevertheless, the use of the oxidant is not as attractive as hydrogen peroxide. This is because peracetic acid is currently not available as a safe and convenient solid and the shelf life of the liquid is relatively short.
[0135]
In addition, a test was conducted to determine the minimum composition necessary for spore killing in the DF-200 preparation using peracetic acid as an oxidizing agent. These results show that only three components are required to achieve a high spore kill rate: peracetic acid, bicarbonate and cationic surfactant.
[0136]
Survival drug test using DF-200HF
Survival drug tests were performed on three chemical agents (Soman (“GD”), VX and Mustard (“HD”)) and two bioagents (Anthrax spores and Plasmodium pestis). The results of dynamic testing of DF-200HF (using a 3-part configuration) in chemical agents are shown in Table 19.

[0137]
After GD was exposed to DF-200HF, methylphosphonic acid (MPA) and pinacolylmethylphosphonic acid (PMPA) were identified as by-products. After exposing VX to DF-200HF, ethylmethylphosphonic acid (EMPA) and MPA were identified as by-products. This indicated that the elimination of VX followed a more desirable route to phosphonic acid rather than to EA2192 (a toxic byproduct that is also produced during VX degradation). Finally, after exposure of HD to DF-200HF, the initial degradation products of HD contain a mixture of sulfoxide and sulfone by-products, but after 60 minutes, each of these by-products is almost complete. Disappear.
[0138]
The test results for Bacillus anthracis spores are shown in Tables 20 and 21, and the test results for Plasmodium (ie, plague bacteria) are shown in Table 22 (NG indicates “no growth”). The detection limit for these tests was 10 CFU / ml. Note that the “error bar” in the “Decrease%” column incorporates this detection limit.

To confirm that DF-200HF actually killed rather than just suppressed spore growth, the Petri dishes used for cell proliferation in each of these tests were stored for 21 days after the test. After 21 days, no growth was observed in any of the Petri dishes.
[0139]
Toxic industrial chemical testing using DF-200HF
Various toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) have also been tested for DF-200HF. Table 23 shows a summary of the TIC tests so far and the results of these tests. The results for malathion, butyl isocyanate, sodium cyanide and carbon disulfide were obtained by analyzing the unreacted chemicals in the foam solution, whereas the results for phosgene were the chemicals in the top space of the foam solid. Note that it was obtained by analyzing These results demonstrate that they are very effective in neutralizing these toxic industrial chemicals.

[0140]
Similar results can be obtained by replacing the reactants and / or working conditions used in the above examples with those generically or specifically described in the present invention and repeating the above examples.
[0141]
Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these preferred embodiments, other embodiments can achieve similar results. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and all such variations and modifications are within the scope of the claims. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[0142]
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and, together with the detailed description, explain the principles of the invention. To help. The purpose of the drawings is only to illustrate one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of DF-200 on Bacillus globidi (Anthrax mimic) spore killing.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred mixing procedure of the first rapid deployment configuration of the present invention (“DF-200HF rapid deployment”).
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred mixing procedure of the second rapid deployment configuration of the present invention (“DF-200HF slurry rapid deployment”).

Claims (50)

A formulation for use in neutralizing at least one poison, the formulation comprising:
At least two solubilizers, wherein at least one solubilizing compound is a cationic surfactant and at least one solubilizing compound is a cationic hydrotrope;
At least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one reactive compound is hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate and A reactive compound selected from the group consisting of sodium percarbonate; and
At least one bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile group bleach activators;
Including
When the at least two solubilizers, the at least one reactive compound and the at least one bleach activator are mixed with water and exposed to the at least one poison, the at least one poison is A preparation characterized by being summed. 2. The preparation according to claim 1, wherein the cationic surfactant contains a quaternary ammonium salt. The quaternary ammonium salt is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, tetrabutylammonium bromide and WITCO VARIQUAT 80MC®, and combinations thereof 3. The formulation of claim 2, wherein the formulation is selected from the group consisting of: The formulation according to claim 1, further comprising a water-soluble polymer. The water-soluble polymers are polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, (cationic or non-ionic) polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyacrylamide, poly (ethylene oxide), glycerol, polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000) and JAGUAR 8000® (guagum 5. The formulation of claim 4, wherein the formulation is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxypropyl ether) and combinations thereof. The formulation according to claim 1, further comprising a fatty alcohol containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule. 2. The formulation according to claim 1, further comprising a solvent. 8. The formulation of claim 7, wherein the solvent is one of the group consisting of di (propylene glycol) methyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and combinations thereof. The formulation of claim 1, further comprising a carbonate. 9. The carbonate is selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and combinations thereof. The preparation described in 1. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the at least one bleach activator is water soluble. The at least one water-soluble bleach activator is acetylcholine chloride, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate), diacetin (glycerol diacetate), 4-cyanobenzoic acid, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate, glutaric acid 12. The formulation of claim 11, wherein the formulation is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate (diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate and propylene glycol diacetate, and combinations thereof. . 2. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the at least one bleach activator is water insoluble. The at least one water-insoluble peroxide activator is selected from the group consisting of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), n-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS) and N-acetylglucosamine, and combinations thereof; The formulation according to claim 13. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation has a pH value of about 9.6 to about 9.8 when mixed with water. A formulation for use in neutralizing at least one poison, the formulation comprising:
At least one cationic surfactant;
At least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one reactive compound is hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate And a reactive compound selected from the group consisting of sodium percarbonate;
At least one bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile group bleach activators; and at least one carbonate which is not one of at least one reactive compound;
Including
When the at least one surfactant, the at least one reactive compound, the at least one bleach activator, and the at least one carbonate are mixed with water and exposed to the at least one poison; A formulation characterized by neutralizing at least one poison. 17. The formulation of claim 16, wherein the formulation has a pH value of about 9.6 to about 9.8 when mixed with water. The formulation according to claim 16, wherein the cationic surfactant comprises a quaternary ammonium salt. The preparation according to claim 18, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is benzalkonium chloride. The at least one carbonate is selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and combinations thereof, The preparation according to claim 16. 17. The formulation of claim 16, consisting essentially of the at least one cationic surfactant, the at least one reactive compound, the at least one bleach activator, and the at least one carbonate. The formulation of claim 16, wherein the at least one bleach activator is water soluble. The at least one water-soluble bleach activator is acetylcholine chloride, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate), diacetin (glycerol diacetate), 4-cyanobenzoic acid, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate, glutaric acid 23. The formulation of claim 22, wherein the formulation is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate (diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate and propylene glycol diacetate, and combinations thereof. . 2. The preparation according to claim 1, which is packaged in a kit configuration. The kit configuration is:
A premixed component comprising the at least two solubilizers;
25. The formulation of claim 24, comprising a first component comprising the at least one bleach activator; and a second component comprising the at least one reactive compound. The preparation according to claim 25, further comprising water and a base. 26. The formulation of claim 25, wherein the premixed component further comprises a water soluble polymer. 26. The formulation of claim 25, wherein the at least one water soluble bleach activator is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol diacetate, glycerol diacetate and TAED, and combinations thereof. 26. A formulation according to claim 25, wherein the premixed component further comprises a fatty alcohol of 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule. 26. The formulation of claim 25, wherein the at least one reactive compound comprises urea hydrogen peroxide and the second component comprising the at least one reactive compound further comprises sodium percarbonate. The preparation according to claim 25, wherein the premix component further comprises a short-chain alcohol. The kit configuration is:
A first premixed component comprising the at least two solubilizers and water;
And a second premixed component comprising the at least one bleach activator and the at least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one bleach activator is in a solid state. The formulation described. The formulation according to claim 32, wherein the first premix component further comprises an acid. The formulation of claim 32, wherein the at least one bleach activator comprises acetylcholine chloride. The formulation of claim 32, wherein the at least one reactive compound comprises urea hydrogen peroxide and the at least one bleach activator comprises TAED. The formulation of claim 32, wherein the at least one bleach activator is encapsulated to prevent premature reaction with the at least one reactive compound. The kit configuration is:
33. The formulation of claim 32, comprising a premixed component comprising the at least two solubilizers and the at least one bleach activator; and the at least one reactive compound. The preparation according to claim 37, wherein the premix component further contains water and an acid. 38. The formulation of claim 37, wherein the component comprising the at least one reactive compound comprises sodium percarbonate and further comprises an acid. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the at least one reactive compound comprises urea hydrogen peroxide and the component comprising the at least one reactive compound further comprises a mixture of potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate. Formulation. A formulation for use in neutralizing at least one poison, the formulation comprising:
At least one cationic surfactant;
At least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one reactive compound is hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate And a reactive compound selected from the group consisting of sodium percarbonate;
At least one water-soluble bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile group bleach activators; and at least one carbonate which is not one of at least one reactive compound;
Including
The at least one surfactant, the at least one reactive compound, and the at least one bleach activator are mixed with water and neutralize the at least one poison when exposed to the at least one poison. A preparation characterized by. The at least one water-soluble bleach activator is acetylcholine chloride, monoacetin (glycerol monoacetate), diacetin (glycerol diacetate), 4-cyanobenzoic acid, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl acetate, glutaric acid 42. The formulation of claim 41, selected from the group consisting of dimethyl, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycerol diacetate (diacetin), glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate and propylene glycol diacetate, and combinations thereof. . 42. The formulation of claim 41, wherein the cationic surfactant comprises a quaternary ammonium salt. 44. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is benzalkonium chloride. 42. The formulation of claim 41, further comprising at least one carbonate. The at least one carbonate is selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and combinations thereof, 46. The formulation of claim 45. 42. The formulation of claim 41, wherein the formulation has a pH value of about 9.6 to about 9.8 when mixed with water. 42. The formulation of claim 41, consisting essentially of the at least one cationic surfactant, the at least one reactive compound, and the at least one water soluble bleach activator. The formulation of claim 1 consisting essentially of:
1-10% benzalkonium chloride
1-8% propylene glycol diacetate
1-16% hydrogen peroxide and
2-8% potassium bicarbonate A formulation for use in neutralizing at least one poison, the formulation comprising:
At least one solubilizer selected from the group consisting of a cationic hydrotrope and a fatty alcohol of 8 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule;
At least one reactive compound, wherein the at least one reactive compound is hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxycarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium perborate, sodium peroxypyrophosphate, sodium peroxysilicate And a reactive compound selected from the group consisting of sodium percarbonate; and
Comprising at least one bleach activator selected from the group consisting of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and nitrile bleach activators,
The at least one solubilizer, the at least one reactive compound and the at least one bleach activator are mixed with water and neutralize the at least one poison when exposed to the at least one poison. A preparation characterized by that.

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