JP2005187325A - 水素と電気を同時に発生させるシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
水素と電気を同時に発生させるシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 システムは、部分酸化燃焼生成物の中へ燃料及び蒸気を噴射して(82,84)、混合生成物流れを生成する少なくとも1つの噴射システムを具備する。混合生成物流れは、水素濃縮流れ(28)を生成するために改質装置(16)において改質される。水素濃縮流れの少なくとも一部は電気を発生するために二次燃焼システム(38)で燃焼され、水素濃縮流れの少なくとも第2の部分は水素を生成するために水素処理システム(40)へ送られる。
【選択図】 図1
Description
CH4+2O2 → CO2+2H2O (2)
水素が濃縮された一次燃焼システム14からの部分酸化流れは、その後に続く蒸気22及び燃料24の添加により急冷されて、混合生成物流れ12を形成する。部分酸化流れの中へ蒸気22と燃料24を噴射することにより、流れの温度は低下する。熱、燃料及び蒸気の組み合わせは、反応(3)に示されるように天然ガス等の燃料の改質を促進する。改質プロセスは改質ガス(一般に合成ガスとしても知られている)の形成に至り、このガスは濃縮水素流れ26として示されている。
1つには、水素及び一酸化炭素を形成するための蒸気と天然ガスの反応(3)は吸熱反応であるので、燃焼チャンバ46内の温度は更に低下する。蒸気と燃料の添加は、窒素酸化物(NOx)の形成を抑制する。
水素発生器60から出る流れは更に水素を濃縮された状態にあり、水性ガス転化反応(4)で形成された相当に多くの量の二酸化炭素を含む。水素発生器60を出た流れは浄化システム62へ送り出される。浄化システムは、水素発生器60からの流出流れから水を分離し、それにより、乾燥改質ガスを形成する1つ以上の凝縮器/熱交換器(図示せず)を具備していてもよい。それらの熱交換器はシステム内の潜熱を回収する。回収された潜熱は、例えば、ボイラ内の水を予熱する等、プラントの様々な用途に使用されることが可能である。一実施例では、浄化システム60は水分分離装置(図示せず)を具備していてもよく、これは水を分離するための遠心分離機等の機械的装置であってもよい。更に別の実施例では、水分を吸収する少なくとも1つの分子ふるい床を使用して水を分離することができる。いくつかの実施例においては、乾燥改質ガスは水素を含有するのに加えて、窒素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素及び少量の気体燃料(すなわち、天然ガス)を更に含む。
Claims (10)
- 電気と水素を同時発生させるシステム(10)において、
燃料濃厚混合物を燃焼させ、水素を豊富に含有する部分酸化燃焼生成物を生成する少なくとも1つの一次燃焼システム(14)と、
前記部分酸化生成物の中へ燃料(24)及び蒸気(22)を噴射して、混合生成物流れを生成する少なくとも1つの噴射システムと、
前記混合生成物流れを改質して、水素濃縮流れ(26)を生成する少なくとも1つの改質装置(16)と、
前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも一部(30)を燃焼させて、電気を発生する二次燃焼システム(38)と、
前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも第2の部分(32)を受け入れて、その水素濃縮流れから水素を生成する水素処理装置(40)とを具備するシステム。 - 前記一次燃焼システム(14)は燃焼チャンバを具備し、前記燃焼チャンバは、前記燃焼チャンバに蒸気を添加させるための1列の開口部を有する請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記水素濃縮流れの所定の各部分を前記二次燃焼システム(38)と、前記水素処理装置(40)とへ方向転換させる流れ調整装置(28)を更に具備する請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記二次燃焼システム(38)は、電気を発生するための同時発生タービン(56)を具備する請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記水素処理装置(40)は、前記水素濃縮流れ(32)を受け入れるように構成された水素発生器(60)を具備する請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記燃料は天然ガス、メタン、ナフサ、ブタン、プロパン、ディーゼル油、灯油、航空燃料、石炭由来燃料、生物燃料、酸素添加炭化水素供給原料及びその混合物より成る群から選択される請求項1記載のシステム。
- 燃焼システム、噴射システム及び改質装置を具備する複数の繰り返し装置を更に具備し、前記水素濃縮流れは第1の繰り返し装置の前記燃焼システムへ送り出され、前記第1の繰り返し装置の前記改質装置からの第1の水素濃縮流れは第2の繰り返し装置の前記燃焼システムへ送り出されるように、前記繰り返し装置は直列に接続されている請求項1記載のシステム。
- 電気と水素を同時に発生させるシステムにおいて、
燃料濃厚混合物を燃焼させ、水素を豊富に含有する部分酸化燃焼生成物を生成する1つの一次燃焼システムと、前記部分酸化燃焼生成物の中へ燃料及び蒸気を噴射して、混合生成物流れを生成する1つの噴射システムと、前記混合生成物流れを改質して、水素濃縮流れを生成する1つの改質装置とを具備する複数の繰り返し装置(80)と、
前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも一部を燃焼させて、電気を発生する二次燃焼システム(38)と、
前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも第2の部分を受け入れて、その水素濃縮流れから水素を生成する水素処理装置(40)とを具備し、
1つの繰り返し装置の前記改質装置からの前記水素濃縮流れは次の繰り返し装置の前記燃焼システムへ送り出されるシステム。 - 電気と水素を同時に発生させる方法において、
燃料濃厚混合物を燃焼させ、それにより、水素を豊富に含有する部分酸化燃焼生成物を生成する工程と、
前記部分酸化燃焼生成物の中へ前記燃料及び蒸気を噴射して、混合生成物流れを生成する工程と、
前記混合生成物流れを改質して、水素濃縮流れを生成する工程と、
前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも一部を燃焼させて、電気を発生する工程と、
前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも第2の部分を処理して、その水素濃縮流れから水素を生成する工程とから成る方法。 - 前記水素濃縮流れの前記少なくとも一部を燃焼させて、電気を発生するために二次燃焼システム(38)が利用され、前記水素濃縮流れの少なくとも前記第2の部分を処理して、水素を生成するために水素処理装置(40)が利用される請求項9記載の方法。
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US10/745,356 US20050144961A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | System and method for cogeneration of hydrogen and electricity |
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