JP2005150345A - 高周波パッケージ - Google Patents
高周波パッケージ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005150345A JP2005150345A JP2003384948A JP2003384948A JP2005150345A JP 2005150345 A JP2005150345 A JP 2005150345A JP 2003384948 A JP2003384948 A JP 2003384948A JP 2003384948 A JP2003384948 A JP 2003384948A JP 2005150345 A JP2005150345 A JP 2005150345A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- frequency
- metal
- metal frame
- package
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000032370 Secondary transmission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005513 bias potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCHOFYCGAZVYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold lead Chemical compound [Au].[Pb] UCHOFYCGAZVYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/103—Resonant slot antennas with variable reactance for tuning the antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/58—Structural electrical arrangements for semiconductor devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. in combination with batteries
- H01L23/64—Impedance arrangements
- H01L23/66—High-frequency adaptations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2223/00—Details relating to semiconductor or other solid state devices covered by the group H01L23/00
- H01L2223/58—Structural electrical arrangements for semiconductor devices not otherwise provided for
- H01L2223/64—Impedance arrangements
- H01L2223/66—High-frequency adaptations
- H01L2223/6605—High-frequency electrical connections
- H01L2223/6627—Waveguides, e.g. microstrip line, strip line, coplanar line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45144—Gold (Au) as principal constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48135—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip
- H01L2224/48137—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip the bodies being arranged next to each other, e.g. on a common substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/161—Cap
- H01L2924/1615—Shape
- H01L2924/16195—Flat cap [not enclosing an internal cavity]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 金属底板1上に、外部端子と接続するため開口部8を設けた金属枠体2と、金属底板1上に設けられ表面に高周波伝送線路及び複数の入出力端子を形成した誘電体3と、金属枠体2内部に収納されたマイクロ波回路6と、金属蓋9からなるパッケージで、金属枠体2と金属底板1との電界で発生する開口部8の共振周波数を開口部8の横幅を小さくし、最適化することにより使用周波数帯域外とした。
【選択図】 図1
Description
図1はこの発明による高周波パッケージの実施例1を示す外観図である。図1において、1はFe−NiーCo合金からなる底板(金属地導体)、2は金属地導体1と同一合金からなる枠体(金属枠体)、3は金属地導体1上に分散又は一体化されて設置されたセラミック基板(誘電体)、4aはセラミック基板3表面上に形成された高周波入力端子(入力端子)、4bは高周波出力端子(出力端子)であり、全体として伝送線路(フィードスルーライン)4を形成する。5はセラミック基板3表面上に形成され制御信号や電源を供給するバイアス端子、6はマイクロストリップ線路(Microstrip line:MSL)、半導体素子、厚膜・薄膜回路などで構成されたマイクロ波回路(半導体回路)、7はマイクロ波回路6間を結線する金ワイヤであり、高周波入出力端子(RF端子)4a、4b及びバイアス端子5とも結線される。8は外部端子(図示せず)と接続するRF端子4a、4b及びバイアス端子5近傍に設けられ枠体2を一部切欠いた開口部(スロット開口部)であり、9は枠体2を覆うFeーNiーCo合金からなる蓋(金属蓋)である。10は開口部8に設けられ枠体2の厚みにほぼ等しい絶縁部材で構成されたセラミック立壁部であり、開口部8の断面空間はセラミック基板3とセラミック立壁部10で充填されている。
fr=(C/√εr)・(n/2L)
ここで fr:共振周波数 C:光速 εr:比誘電率 n:定数 L:開口部横幅
例えば セラミックの比誘電率を9.0、 定数nを基本モード(第1次共振モード)の1とし、開口部横幅寸法を2.5mmとするとfrは20GHzとなる。
図6はこの発明による高周波パッケージの実施例2を示す外観図である。図6において、11は枠体2の一部を切欠いたダミー開口部(スロットアンテナ開口部)である。従って近傍にはバイアス端子5は存在しない。このダミー開口部11は上述の使用周波数帯域内に不要波(スプリアス)がある場合にその共振現象を利用してスプリアスを除去するために設けられたものであり、他の構成は実施例1に同じである。
図8に示すように12GHzのスプリアスが比較的広帯域、例えば11.8〜12.2GHzにわたる時には比誘電率が概4の絶縁部材としてシリコン樹脂12で機密封止した開口部ではダミー開口部11を3個設け、それぞれのダミー開口部11の横幅を6.35、6.25、6.14mmとし、パッケージ側面枠体2の適当なスペースに振り分ける。また、スプリアスを低減した抑圧波の帯域性能確保のため広帯域スプリアスの上下限周波数に対しては高次モードである第2次共振周波数(n=2)相当の開口幅であっても良い。従って本実施例3から比較的広帯域のスプリアスの発生がマイクロ波回路(半導体回路)6内で生じていてもスプリアスを軽減し、低い抑圧波で留めることができる。
Claims (4)
- 金属地導体面上に、外部端子と接続する開口部を設けた金属枠体と、金属地導体上に設けられ表面に高周波伝送線路及び複数の入出力端子を形成した誘電体と、金属枠体内部に収納された半導体回路と、上記半導体回路と入出力端子とを電気接続する結線手段と、金属枠体空間の一方を覆う金属蓋を有し、金属枠体と金属地導体との間の電磁界共振による上記開口部のスロット共振周波数を上記開口部横幅の寸法変化で使用周波数帯域上限外とした高周波パッケージ。
- 上記開口部は誘電体又は絶縁部材で充填され、隙間が無いことを特徴とする請求項1記載の高周波パッケージ。
- 金属地導体面上に、外部端子と接続する開口部を設けた金属枠体と、金属地導体上に設けられ表面に高周波伝送線路及び複数の入出力端子を形成した誘電体と、金属枠体内部に収納された半導体回路と、上記半導体回路と入出力端子とを電気接続する結線手段と、金属枠体空間の一方を覆う金属蓋を有し、金属枠体の上記開口部横幅とは異なるスロットアンテナ開口部を金属枠体に設け、金属枠体と金属地導体との間の電磁界共振による上記スロットアンテナ開口部のスロット共振周波数を上記スロットアンテナ開口部横幅の寸法変化で使用周波数帯域内の不要波周波数に設定した高周波パッケージ。
- お互いに横幅が異なるスロットアンテナ開口部を複数設置したことを特徴とする請求項3記載の高周波パッケージ。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003384948A JP3829839B2 (ja) | 2003-11-14 | 2003-11-14 | 高周波パッケージ |
US10/824,503 US6977620B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2004-04-15 | High frequency package |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003384948A JP3829839B2 (ja) | 2003-11-14 | 2003-11-14 | 高周波パッケージ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005150345A true JP2005150345A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
JP3829839B2 JP3829839B2 (ja) | 2006-10-04 |
Family
ID=34567352
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003384948A Expired - Fee Related JP3829839B2 (ja) | 2003-11-14 | 2003-11-14 | 高周波パッケージ |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6977620B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3829839B2 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103117254A (zh) * | 2010-11-18 | 2013-05-22 | 株式会社东芝 | 封装 |
US10014233B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2018-07-03 | Kyocera Corporation | Electronic component containing package and electronic device |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4575247B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-11 | 2010-11-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 高周波パッケージ装置 |
JP4944024B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-22 | 2012-05-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 送受信装置 |
US7612725B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2009-11-03 | Apple Inc. | Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels |
WO2010065593A2 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | Andrew Llc | Panel antenna having sealed radio enclosure |
BR112012013364A8 (pt) * | 2009-12-02 | 2018-02-06 | Andrew Llc | Antena de painel que tem caixa vedada de rádio |
EP2595186A3 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-08-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | High frequency semiconductor package |
CN104269606B (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2018-05-01 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | 一种移动终端天线结构和移动终端 |
DE112015005995T5 (de) * | 2015-01-20 | 2017-10-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Leistungsmodul |
DE202016005183U1 (de) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-11-27 | Raumedic Ag | Übertragungsvorrichtung zur Übertragung von Hirnparameter-Sensordaten |
WO2018110513A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 能動素子、高周波モジュールおよび通信装置 |
CN106787681A (zh) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 一种dc/dc变换装置 |
CN106770473B (zh) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-10-15 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 用于检测终端设备的金属结构件不良品的检测装置及方法 |
FR3066643B1 (fr) * | 2017-05-16 | 2020-03-13 | Stmicroelectronics (Grenoble 2) Sas | Boitier electronique pourvu d'une fente locale formant un event |
KR102409913B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-06 | 2022-06-16 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 솔더 리플로우 장치 및 이를 이용한 전자 장치의 제조 방법 |
CN111244593B (zh) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-10 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | 一种定向耦合器及微波器件 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05110310A (ja) | 1991-10-16 | 1993-04-30 | Fujitsu Ltd | マイクロ波回路 |
JPH05121888A (ja) | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 高周波回路装置 |
JPH06236935A (ja) | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-23 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | マイクロ波回路用パッケージ |
SE508296C2 (sv) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-09-21 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Anordning vid mikrostripfördelningsnät samt gruppantenn |
US6128194A (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 2000-10-03 | 3Com Corporation | PC card with electromagnetic and thermal management |
JP3684524B2 (ja) | 1998-02-05 | 2005-08-17 | ユーディナデバイス株式会社 | 高周波集積回路装置 |
JP2000236189A (ja) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-29 | Minebea Co Ltd | 航空機用電子回路のシールド装置 |
JP2002329800A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-15 | Kyocera Corp | 半導体素子収納用パッケージ |
US20030048148A1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-13 | Humphreys Richard G. | Method for tuning the response of RF and microwave devices |
US20040080917A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Steddom Clark Morrison | Integrated microwave package and the process for making the same |
-
2003
- 2003-11-14 JP JP2003384948A patent/JP3829839B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-15 US US10/824,503 patent/US6977620B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103117254A (zh) * | 2010-11-18 | 2013-05-22 | 株式会社东芝 | 封装 |
US10014233B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2018-07-03 | Kyocera Corporation | Electronic component containing package and electronic device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050104792A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
JP3829839B2 (ja) | 2006-10-04 |
US6977620B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP3829839B2 (ja) | 高周波パッケージ | |
US7964937B2 (en) | Multilayer dielectric substrate and semiconductor package | |
US6130483A (en) | MMIC module using flip-chip mounting | |
US8035994B2 (en) | High frequency storing case and high frequency module | |
US20120319913A1 (en) | Antenna device and wireless apparatus | |
EP3863113B1 (en) | Grounding structure for high frequency circuit board | |
JP3999177B2 (ja) | 高周波回路基板 | |
JPH10308478A (ja) | 半導体モジュール | |
JP2010278152A (ja) | 多層高周波パッケージ基板 | |
WO2019175933A1 (ja) | 高周波装置 | |
JP2007266866A (ja) | 導波管変換器 | |
JPH08274248A (ja) | 超広帯域集積回路装置 | |
JPH10163353A (ja) | マイクロ波デバイス用パッケージ | |
US10340224B2 (en) | Microwave and millimeter wave package | |
JP2009212309A (ja) | 半導体パッケージ | |
JP3916988B2 (ja) | 高周波モジュール | |
JP2001284490A (ja) | 高周波接地構造 | |
JP3056102B2 (ja) | マイクロ波回路用パッケージおよびその実装体 | |
JP4401886B2 (ja) | 高周波用パッケージ | |
JP5495619B2 (ja) | 多層高周波パッケージ基板 | |
JP3441975B2 (ja) | 高周波パッケージ | |
JP5950088B2 (ja) | トラップ回路および通信機 | |
JPH10107519A (ja) | 高周波モジュール | |
JP2000138495A (ja) | 高周波集積回路パッケージ | |
JP2002141710A (ja) | 高周波回路基板の実装構造 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20060417 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060425 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060524 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20060620 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20060703 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100721 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100721 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110721 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110721 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120721 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |