JP2005006659A - 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 - Google Patents
動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 動物細胞内に遺伝子を導入および発現させる方法であって、該方法が、該動物細胞を生きた侵襲性細菌で感染させる工程を包含し、該細菌が、該遺伝子をコードする真核生物発現カセットを含有する、方法。
【選択図】 なし
Description
本発明は、生きた侵襲性細菌をベクターとして用いて内生または外来遺伝子を動物細胞内に導入する方法に関する。この方法は、内生または外来遺伝子をコードする真核生物発現カセットを動物細胞または動物組織に送達することができ、そして動物細胞または動物組織内で、例えばワクチン抗原、治療薬、免疫調整剤、アンチセンスRNA、および触媒RNAを発現させるために有用である。
I.生きた細菌ベクターワクチン
組換えDNA技術の進歩により、伝染性、風土性、および汎流行性感染症を制御するワクチンの開発が大いに促進された(Woodrowら編、NewGenerationVaccines: The Molecular Approach,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,NY(1989);Cryz編、VaccinesandImmunotherapy,Pergamon Press,New York,NY(1991);およびLevineら、Ped.Ann.,22:719-725(1993))。特に、この技術により、細菌ベクターワクチンと呼ばれる新しいクラスのワクチンの増殖が可能になった(Curtiss編、In:NewGeneration Vaccines: The Molecular Approach,Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York,NY、161〜188頁および269〜288頁(1989);およびMimsら編、In:Medical Microbiology,Mosby-Year BookEurope Ltd.,London(1993))。これらのワクチンは、経口、経鼻腔、または非経口により宿主に入り得る。一旦宿主に入ると、細菌ベクターワクチンは、その中に含まれる真核生物発現カセットを発現し、このカセットは外来抗原をコードする。外来抗原は、ワクチン特性を有する細菌病原体、ウィルス病原体、または寄生病原体由来のタンパク質(またはタンパク質の一部)もしくはそれらのタンパク質の組み合わせであり得る。(NewGenerationVaccines: The Molecular Approach(前出);Vaccines and Immunotherapy(前出);Hilleman、Dev.Biol.Stand.,82:3-20(1994);Formalら、Infect.Immun.34:746-751(1981);Gonzalezら、J.Infect.Dis.,169:927-931(1994);Stevensonら、FEMSLett.,28:317-320(1985);Aggarwalら、J.Exp.Med.,172:1083-1090(1990);Honeら、Microbial.Path.,5:407-418(1988);Flynnら、Mol.Microbiol.,4:2111-2118(1990);Walkerら、Infect.Immun.,60:4260-4268(1992);Cardenasら、Vacc.,11:126-135(1993);Curtissら、Dev.Biol.Stand.,82:23-33(1994);Simonetら、Infect.Immun.,62:863-867(1994);Charbitら、Vacc.,11:1221-1228(1993);Turnerら、Infect.Immun.,61:5374-5380(1993);Schodelら、Infect.Immun.,62:1669-1676(1994);Schodelら、J.Immunol.,145:4317-4321(1990);Stabelら、Infect.Immun.,59:2941-2947(1991);Brown、J.Infect.Dis.,155:86-92(1987);Doggettら、Infect.Immun.,61:1859-1866(1993);Brettら、Immunol.,80:306-312(1993);Yangら、J.Immunol.,145:2281-2285(1990);Gaoら、Infect.Immun.,60:3780-3789(1992);およびChatfieldら、Bio/Technology,10:888-892(1992))。細菌ベクターワクチンを用いる外来抗原の宿主組織への送達は、外来抗原に対する宿主免疫応答を生じ、これは、外来抗原起源である病原体に対する保護を提供する(Mims.ThePathogenesisof Infectious Disease,Academic Press,London(1987);およびNewGeneration Vaccines:The Molecular Approach(前出)。
通常は、発現カセットは、プロモーター領域、転写開始部位、リボソーム結合部位(RBS)、タンパク質(またはそのフラグメント)をコードするオープンリーディングフレーム(orf)を含み、これらはRNAスプライス部位(真核生物のみ)、翻訳停止コドン、転写ターミネータ、および転写後ポリアデノシンプロセシング部位(真核生物のみ)を有するかまたは有さない(Wormington,Curr.Opin.CellBiol.,5:950-954(1993);Renznikoffら編、MaximizingGene Expression,Butterworths,Stoneham,Ma(1986))。真核発現カセットにおけるプロモーター領域、RBS、スプライス部位、転写ターミネータ、および転写後ポリアデノシンプロセシング部位は、原核生物発現カセットのものとは著しく異なる(Wasylyk、In:MaximizingGene Expression、(前出)、79-99頁;Reznikoffら、In: Maximizing GeneExpression、(前出)、1-34頁;およびLewin、GenesV,Oxford University Press,Oxford(1994))。これらの相違は、真核生物細胞内での原核生物発現カセットの発現を妨げ、そして組成物の逆もまた同様である(Millerら、Mol.Micro.,4:881-893(1990);およびWilliamsonら、Appl.Env.Micro.,60:771-776(1994))。
;およびLewin(前出))。原核生物のRNAポリメラーゼは、代表的には、2つの同一のαサブユニットおよび2つの類似するが同一ではないβおよびβ’サブユニットよりなる(Ishihama、Mol.Micro.,6:3283-3288(1992);Watsonら(前出);Albertsら(前出);およびLewin(前出))。所定のプロモーター領域のための原核生物RNAポリメラーゼの特異性には、プロモーター領域のDNAによってコードされるコア配列を認識する特異的なσファクターにより媒介される(Libbyら(前出);およびLewin(前出))。
DNAを植物細胞に安定に送達するために、Agrobacterium tumerfaciumTiプラスミドを使用することは、植物生物工学におけるブームの基本的な要素であった。このシステムは、特定のレセプターを介して植物細胞に結合する繊毛状構造体を使用し、そして次いで細菌接合に類似するプロセスを介してTiプラスミドに連結したDNAを植物細胞に送達する点で独特である(Zambryski,Ann.Rev.Genet.,22:1-30(1988);Lesslら、Cell,77:321-324(1994);およびWaldenら、Eur.J.Biochem.,192:563-576(1990))。しかし、この植物に対する送達システムの特異性のため、このシステムはDNAの動物細胞への送達にとっては効果的でない(Chilton,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,90:3119-3120(1993);およびWaldenら(前出))。
DNAを、インビトロで培養された動物細胞に導入するいくつかの技術がある。これらは、化学的な方法(Felgnerら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,VSA,84:7413-7417(1987);Bothwellら、MethodsforCloning and Analysis of Eukaryotic Genes,編 Jones and Bartlett PublishersInc.,Boston,MA(1990);Ausubelら、ShortProtocols in Molecular Biology,John Wileyand Sons,New York,NY(1992);およびFarhood、Annal.N.Y.Acad.Sci.,716:23-34(1994))、プロトプラストの使用(Bothwell(前出))、または電気パルス(Vatteroniら、Mutn.Res.,291:163-169(1993);Sabelnikov、Prog.Biophys.Mol.Biol.,62:119-152(1994);Brothwellら(前出);およびAusubelら(前出))、弱毒化ウィルスの使用(Moss、Dev.Biol.Stan.,82:55-63(1994);およびBrothwellら(前出))、ならびに物理的な方法(Fynanら(前出);Johnstonら、Meth.CellBiol.,43(PtA):353-365(1994);Brothwellら(前出);およびAusubelら(前出))が含まれる。
本発明の1つの目的は、生きた侵襲性細菌を使用して、1つ以上の真核生物発現カセットを動物細胞または動物組織に送達することである。
上述のように、1つの実施態様では、本発明は、遺伝子を動物細胞に導入し、そして発現させる方法に関し、この方法は、これらの動物細胞に生きた侵襲性細菌を感染させる工程を包含し、ここでこの細菌は、この遺伝子をコードする真核生物発現カセットを含有する。
(i) aro(Hoisethら、Nature,291:238-239(1981))、gua(McFarlandら、Microbiol.Path.,3:129-141(1987))、nad(Parkら、J.Bact.,170:3725-3730(1988))、thy(Nnalueら、Infect.Immun.,55:955-962(1987))、およびasd(Curtilss、上記)変異のような栄養要求性変異;
(ii) cya(Curtissら、Infect.Immun.,55:3035-3043(1987))、crp(Curtissら(1987)、上記)、phoP/phoQ(Groismanら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,86:7077-7081(1989);およびMillerら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,86:5054-5058(1989))、phoPc(Millerら、J.Bact.,172:2485-2490(1990))、またはompR(Dormanら、Infect.Immun.,57:2136-2140(1989))変異のような、包括的調節機能を不活化する変異;
(iii) recA(Buchmeierら、Mol.Micro.,7:933-936(1993))、htrA(Johnsonら、Mol.Micro.,5:401-407(1991))、htpR(Neidhardtら、Biochem.Biophys.Res.Com.,100:894-900(1981))、hsp(Neidhardtら、Ann.Rev.Genet.,18:295-329(1984))、およびgroEL(Buchmelerら、Sci.,248:730-732(1990))変異のような、ストレス応答を改変する変異;
(iv) lsyA(Libbyら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,91:489-493(1994)、pagまたはprg(Millerら(1990)、上記;およびMillerら(1989)、上記)、iscAまたはvirG(d'Hautevilleら、Mol.Micro.,6:833-841(1992))、plcA(Mengaudら、Mol.Microbiol.,5:367-72(1991);Camilliら、J.Exp.Med.,173:751-754(1991))、およびact(Brundageら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,90:11890-11894(1993))変異のような、特異的毒性ファクターの変異;
(v) topA(Galanら、Infect.Immun.,58:1879-1885(1990))変異のような、DNAトポロジーに影響を与える変異;
(vi) rfb、galE(Honeら、J.Inrect.Dis.,156:164-167(1987))またはvia(Popoffら、J.Gen.Microbiol.,138:297-304(1992))変異のような、表面多糖類の生物発生をブロックする変異;
(vii) sacB(Recorbetら、App.Environ.Micro.,59:1361-1366(1993);Quandtら、Gene,127:15-21(1993))、nuc(Ahrenholtzら、App.Environ.Micro.,60:3746-3751(1994))、hok、gef、kil、またはphlA(Molinら、Ann.Rev.Microbiol.,47:139-166(1993))変異のような、自殺システムを改変する変異;
(viii) P22によってコードされるリソゲン(Rennellら、Virol.,143:280-289(1985))、λムレイントランスグリコシラーゼ(Bienkowska-Szewczykら、Mol.Gen.Genet.,184:111-114(1981))、またはS遺伝子(Readerら、Virol.,43:623-628(1971))のような自殺システムを導入する変異;および(ix)minB(de Boerら、Cell,56:641-649(1989))変異のような正しい細胞周期を破壊するかまたは改変する変異。
Systematic Bacteriology、WilkinsおよびWilliams編、Baltimore、MD(1984))。一方、Aeromonassalminocidaは、サケの細胞に感染する(Austinら、BacterialFish Pathogens: Diseases in Farmedand Wild Fishes、Ellis Harwood Ltd.編、London(1987))。
これらカセットは、通常、プラスミドの形態であり、そして例えば、ウイルス由来のSV40、CMV、ならびに、RSVプロモーターあるいは真核生物由来のβ−カゼイン、ウテログロビン、β−アクチンまたはチロシナーゼプロモーターのような動物細胞における遺伝子発現を駆動するのに有用であることが周知のさまざまなプロモーターを含む。特定のプロモーターは、選択的な細胞タイプに、おいてのみ発現を得ることが目的である場合を除いて、本発明には重要ではない。この場合、プロモーターは、選択された細胞タイプにおいてのみ活性となるプロモーターが選択される。組織特異的プロモーターの例には、乳房組織に特異的であるαS1-およびβ−カゼインプロモーター(Platenburgら、Trans.Res.、3:99-108(1994);およびMagaら、Trans.Res.、3:36-42(1994));肝臓、腎臓、脂肪、空腸および乳房組織において活性であるホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼプロモーター(McGraneら、J.Reprod.Fert.、41:17-23(1990));肺および脾臓細胞においては活性であるが、睾丸、脳、心臓、肝臓あるいは腎臓においては活性ではないチロシナーゼプロモーター(Vileら、Canc.Res.、54:6228-6234(1994));鱗状上皮の分化ケラチノサイトにおいてのみ活性であるインボルセリンプロモーター(Carrollら、J.CellSci.、103:925-930(1992));および肺および子宮内膜において活性であるウテログロビンプロモーター(Helftenbeinら、Annal.N.Y.Acad.Sci.、622:69-79(1991))が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
pylori、Salmonella spp.、Shigellaspp.、E.coli、Rickettsia spp.、Listeria spp.、Legionellapneumoniae、Pseudomonas spp.、Vibriospp.およびBorellia burgdorferiが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
spp.、Wuchereria spp.、およびOnchocerea spp.が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
Plasmodium spp.のメロゾイト表面抗原(Spetzlerら、Int.J.Pept.Prot.Res.、43:351-358(1994));Entamoebahistolyticaのガラクトース特異的レクチン(Mannら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.、USA、88:3248-3252(1991))、Leishmaniaspp.のgp63(Russellら、J.Immunol.、140:1274-1278(1988))、Brugiamalayiのパラミオシン(Liら、Mol.Biochem.Parasitol.、49:315-323(1991))、Schistosomamansoniのトリオースリン酸イソメラーゼ(Shoemakerら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.、USA、89:1842-1846(1992));Trichostrongyluscolubriformisの分泌されたグロビン様タンパク質(Frenkelら、Mol.Biochem.Parasitol.50:27-36(1992));Frasciolahepaticaのグルタチオン−S−トランスフェラーゼ(Hillyerら、Exp.Parasitol.、75:176-186(1992));SchistosomabovisおよびS.japonicum(Bashirら、Trop.Gcog.Med.、46:255-258(1994));ならびに、SchistosomabovisおよびS.JaponicumのKLH(Bashirら、前出)が挙げられる。
USA、88:10591-10595(1991);およびBaierら、Mol.Immunol.、31:923-932(1994))。
真核生物発現カセットを必要とする細菌感染
侵襲性細菌での感染は、動物細胞中に外来遺伝子を導入し得、次いでこれが動物細胞によって発現されること(以下、「細菌感染」と呼ぶ)を示すために、以下の実験を行った。
Promega Corp.(TB094、Promega Corp.)によって記載されるように、ΔaroA弱毒化障害およびΔvirG弱毒化障害のを両方を含有する弱毒化Shigellaflexneri株(Noriegaら、上述)を、レポーター遺伝子β−ガラクトシダーゼ(β-gal)を含有するpSVβ-gal(PromegaCorporation、Madison、WI)(以後、「pβ-gal+SV」と呼ぶ)またはウイルス由来のSV40真核生物プロモーター領域を欠失するその誘導体(以後、「pβ-gal-SV」と呼ぶ)のいずれかで形質転換した。両構築物はまた、S.flexneriによってβ-galの発現を可能にする原核生物Escherichiacoligptプロモーターを含有する。
HeLa細胞(ATCC 番号 CCL-2)を、10%(v/v)のウシ胎児血清、2.0mMのL−グルタミン、1.0mMのL−ピルビン酸、50U/mlのペニシリン、および50μg/mlのストレプトマイシンを補給したRPMI培地(以後、「RPMI/FBS」と呼ぶ)中で5%(v/v)CO2中37℃でプラスチック組織培養プレート上で増殖させた。細菌感染の24〜48時間前に、HeLa細胞を1.0mMのEDTAを含有する0.25%(w/v)トリプシンでトリプシン処理し、細胞が実験時に40〜60%コンフルエントとなるように希釈を制限することによって分離した。
5×104個のHeLa細胞を、ウシ胎児血清およびペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン欠失RPMI培地(以後、「SFM」と呼ぶ)で一度洗浄し、次いでSFM中で細菌懸濁液を重層し、そして5%のCO2中37℃でインキューベートした。細菌懸濁液は、一晩の寒天プレート、または新鮮なブロース培養物由来であり、そして1個のHeLa細胞に対して約101〜103の生存能力のある形質転換細菌の感染比を与えるように調製した。
種々の細胞型の細菌感染
上皮様ヒト子宮頸HeLa細胞以外の細胞株を形質転換する細菌感染の能力を確かめるために、さらに2つの上皮様細胞株および1つの腎臓細胞株を細菌感染に供した。
種々の外来抗原の細菌感染媒介性発現
細菌感染が、HeLa細胞、およびヒト抹消血由来単核細胞において種々の外来抗原の発現を媒介し得ることを示すために、以下の実験を行った。
S.flexneriΔaroΔvirG株を、市販の真核生物レポータープラスミドpGFP-C1(Stratagene、LaJolla、CA)で形質転換した。このプラスミドは、Aequoreavictoriaクラゲ緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)(Wangら、Nature、369:400-403(1994))をコードする遺伝子の発現を駆動するウイルス由来のCMV真核生物プロモーターを含む。プラスミドpGFP-C1は、原核生物宿主においてGFPを発現する正しい位置では原核生物プロモーターを含まない。すなわち、GFP遺伝子は、機能的な原核生物発現カセット内には位置しない。プラスミドが真核生物細胞に送達されるのは、GFPが真核生物発現カセットから生成されるときのみである。
細菌感染前に24時間カバーガラス上で増殖させたこと以外は上記の実施例1に記載するように、HeLa細胞を得、そして調製した。
上記の実施例1に記載するように、HeLa細胞およびマクロファージの両方を、pGFP-C1で形質転換したS.flexneriΔaroΔvirG株に細菌感染させた。48時間の細菌感染後、細菌感染した形質転換動物細胞によって合成されたGFPの存在を、蛍光顕微鏡によって緑色蛍光で可視化した。その結果、HeLa細胞およびマクロファージは両方とも、細菌感染し、そのために、発現されたGFPによる蛍光性を有する細胞と、細菌感染せず、そのために、蛍光性を有さない細胞との2つの群に分かれた。細菌感染していないHeLa細胞に対する細菌感染したHeLa細胞の比は、pβ-gal+SVに関して見られるのと明らかに同様であったが、細菌感染したマクロファージは少なかったようであった。
他の弱毒化した病斑での細菌感染
実施例1で用いられるS.flexneri株におけるΔaroΔvirG弱毒化が細菌感染に必要でないことを示すために、Δasd弱毒化を有する第2のS.flexneri株を、pβ-gal+SVおよびpβ-gal-SVプラスミドで形質転換し、実施例1に記載するように種々の細胞型の細菌感染実験に用いた。
インビボでのレポーター遺伝子の動物組織への送達
細菌感染がインビボで起こり得ることを示すために、抑制マウス(Balb/c)に、10μlのPBSの容量でpβ-gal+SVまたはpβ-gal-SVのいずれかを含有する5×106個の生存能力のあるS.flexneriΔaroΔvirGを鼻腔内接種した。接種の48時間後、マウスを屠殺し、肺組織を採取し、そして-70℃に凍結した。凍結切片(5.0μM)を調製し、固定し、次いで上記(Hawley-Nelsonら、上述)のようにβ-gal活性について一晩染色した。染色後、切片をPBSで2度リンスし、次いでカバーガラス下に密封した。
細菌感染は、生存能力および侵襲表現型の両方を必要とする
細菌感染が起こるために生存能力または活発な侵襲表現型のいずれかが必要であるかどうかを決定するために、非侵襲性(コンゴレッド陰性)S.flexneri ΔaroΔvirG::pβ-gal+SVおよび紫外線致死性侵襲性(コンゴレッド陽性)S.flexneriΔaroΔvirG::pβ-gal+SVを用いて、実施例1に記載するようにHeLa細胞を細菌感染させた。侵襲性(コンゴレッド陽性)S.flexneriΔaroΔvirG::pβ-gal+SVの、紫外線非致死性複製培養物をコントロールとして用いた。
インビボで送達された遺伝子に対する免疫応答の発達
細菌感染のインビボでの使用の他の例を示すために、5×107個のpCEP4::gp160プラスミド構築物を含有するS.flexneriΔaroΔvirGを抑制Balb/cマウスに鼻腔内投与した。細菌感染の14日後、マウスを屠殺し、そして脾臓を採取した。
従って、細菌感染は、免疫応答が高まってきた抗原をコードする遺伝子の送達に適したシステムである。
Claims (1)
- 動物細胞内に遺伝子を導入および発現させる方法であって、該方法が、該動物細胞を生きた侵襲性細菌で感染させる工程を包含し、該細菌が、該遺伝子をコードする真核生物発現カセットを含有する、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/433,790 US5877159A (en) | 1995-05-03 | 1995-05-03 | Method for introducing and expressing genes in animal cells and live invasive bacterial vectors for use in the same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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JP2003028933A Division JP2003219877A (ja) | 1995-05-03 | 2003-02-05 | 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 |
Publications (1)
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JP2005006659A true JP2005006659A (ja) | 2005-01-13 |
Family
ID=23721539
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP53332996A Expired - Fee Related JP3629274B2 (ja) | 1995-05-03 | 1996-04-24 | 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 |
JP2003028933A Withdrawn JP2003219877A (ja) | 1995-05-03 | 2003-02-05 | 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 |
JP2004236135A Pending JP2005006659A (ja) | 1995-05-03 | 2004-08-13 | 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 |
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JP53332996A Expired - Fee Related JP3629274B2 (ja) | 1995-05-03 | 1996-04-24 | 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 |
JP2003028933A Withdrawn JP2003219877A (ja) | 1995-05-03 | 2003-02-05 | 動物細胞において遺伝子を導入および発現させるための方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5877159A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0827410B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP3629274B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE406453T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU706104B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2219994A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69637660D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996034631A1 (ja) |
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-
1995
- 1995-05-03 US US08/433,790 patent/US5877159A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1996
- 1996-04-24 AU AU55527/96A patent/AU706104B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-24 WO PCT/US1996/005326 patent/WO1996034631A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-04-24 EP EP96912850A patent/EP0827410B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-24 AT AT96912850T patent/ATE406453T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-24 JP JP53332996A patent/JP3629274B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-24 DE DE69637660T patent/DE69637660D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-24 CA CA002219994A patent/CA2219994A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2003
- 2003-02-05 JP JP2003028933A patent/JP2003219877A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-08-13 JP JP2004236135A patent/JP2005006659A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003219877A (ja) | 2003-08-05 |
AU5552796A (en) | 1996-11-21 |
WO1996034631A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
EP0827410B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
EP0827410A1 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
CA2219994A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
JPH11505219A (ja) | 1999-05-18 |
DE69637660D1 (de) | 2008-10-09 |
AU706104B2 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
EP0827410A4 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
US5877159A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
ATE406453T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
JP3629274B2 (ja) | 2005-03-16 |
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