JP2004283604A - 癌の治療のための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
癌の治療のための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 形質転換組織、感染組織、または疾患組織に対する免疫応答を誘導するための方法であって、血液中に存在する120,000ダルトン以下の分子量を有する成分のみを、該形質転換組織、該感染組織、または該疾患組織の量が減少するまで除去する工程を包含する、方法であって、ここで、1つの実施形態において、上記組織が固形腫瘍であり、また、1つの実施形態において、上記成分が、1血液容量から除去され、上記成分が複数の処置において除去される、方法。
【選択図】 なし
Description
state)を誘導する化合物、化学療法剤および/または照射を組み合わせる、免疫メディエイタのインヒビターの除去に関する。
項目2 前記組織が固形腫瘍である、項目1に記載の方法。
項目3 前記成分が、1血液容量から除去される、項目1に記載の方法。
項目4 前記成分が複数の処置において除去される、項目1に記載の方法。
項目5 前記組織を、抗脈管形成化合物、プロコアギュラント化合物、サイトカイン、化学療法剤、および照射からなる群より選択される因子で処置する工程をさらに包含する、項目1に記載の方法。
項目6 前記因子がサイトカインであり、そして該サイトカインが、GM−CSF、エリトロポイエチン、トロンボポエチン、G−CSF、M−CSFおよびSCFからなる群より選択される、項目5に記載の方法。
項目7 可溶性サイトカインレセプター分子を選択的に除去する工程をさらに包含する、項目1に記載の方法。
項目8 前記可溶性サイトカインレセプター分子が、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−1(「sTNFR−1」)、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−2(「sTNFR−2」)、可溶性インターロイキン−2レセプター(「sIL−2R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−1レセプター(「sIL−1R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−6レセプター(「sIL−6R」)、および可溶性インターフェロンγレセプター(「sIFN−γR])からなる群より選択される、項目7に記載の方法。
項目9 前記サイトカインレセプター分子が、該サイトカインレセプター分子と免疫反応性のサイトカインまたは抗体もしくは抗体フラグメントに結合することによって除去される、項目8に記載の方法。
項目10 前記サイトカインまたは抗体もしくは抗体フラグメントが、患者の血液または血漿が該患者に戻される前に循環する濾過器またはカラムに固定化される、項目9に記載の方法。
項目11 前記患者を、前記形質転換組織、前記感染組織、または前記疾患組織に対するワクチンを用いてワクチン接種する工程をさらに包含する、項目1に記載の方法。
項目12 形質転換組織、感染組織、または疾患組織に対する免疫応答を誘導するためのシステムであって、以下:
血液中に存在する120,000ダルトン以下の分子量を有する成分のみを除去するためのデバイスであって、患者の血液を該デバイスに再循環させるためのポンプおよびチュービングに接続するための入口手段および出口手段を有する、デバイス、
を備える、システム。
項目13 前記デバイスが、約0.02ミクロンと0.05ミクロンとの間の孔サイズを有する毛細管膜濾過器である、項目12に記載のシステム。
項目14 前記デバイスが、約0.04ミクロンと0.08ミクロンとの間の孔サイズを有する平行板濾過器である、項目12に記載のシステム。
項目15 前記デバイスが、前記血液由来の物質の交互除去を提供するための異なる孔サイズまたは幾何学を有する濾過器を備える、項目12に記載のシステム。
項目16 前記デバイスが、特定のサイトカインまたは前記血液由来の細胞性インヒビターを選択的に除去する吸着カラムである、項目12に記載のシステム。
項目17 前記サイトカインまたは細胞性インヒビターが、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−1(「sTNFR−1」)、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−2(「sTNFR−2」)、可溶性インターロイキン−2レセプター(「sIL−2R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−1レセプター(「sIL−1R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−6レセプター(「sIL−6R」)、および可溶性インターフェロンγレセプター(「sIFN−γR])からなる群より選択される、項目16に記載のシステム。
項目18 前記サイトカインレセプター分子と免疫反応性のサイトカインまたは抗体もしくは抗体フラグメントを含む、項目17に記載のシステム。
項目19 前記サイトカインまたは抗体もしくは抗体フラグメントが、患者の血液または血漿が該患者に戻される前に循環する濾過器またはカラムに固定化される、項目18に記載のシステム。
項目20 前記血液が血漿である、項目12に記載のシステム。
項目21 前記システムが、前記組織に照射を投与するための手段を備える、項目12に記載のシステム。
項目22 形質転換組織、感染組織、または疾患組織に対する免疫応答を誘導して患者を処置するためのキットであって、以下:
血液に存在する120,000ダルトン以下の分子量を有する成分のみを除去するためのデバイス、および
該患者の処置のための投薬処方物中の、抗脈管形成化合物、プロコアギュラント化合物、サイトカイン、化学療法剤、および照射からなる群より選択される因子、
を備える、キット。
項目23 前記因子が抗脈管形成化合物である、項目22に記載のキット。
項目24 前記因子がプロコアギュラント化合物である、項目22に記載のキット。
項目25 前記因子がサイトカインである、項目22に記載のキット。
項目26 前記サイトカインが、GM−CSF、エリトロポイエチン、トロンボポエチン、G−CSF、M−CSFおよびSCFからなる群より選択される、項目25に記載のキット。
項目27 前記因子が化学療法剤である、項目22に記載のキット。
項目28 前記因子が、アルキル化剤、ドキソルビシン、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、およびタキソールからなる群より選択される、項目27に記載のキット。
項目29 使用の前に前記血液由来の成分を除去するためのデバイスを処理するための抗凝固剤をさらに含む、項目22に記載のキット。
(発明の要旨)
癌を処置するための方法は、患者の免疫系を刺激して固形腫瘍を攻撃するために、ウルトラフェレーシス(120,000ダルトン未満の分子量の化合物を除去するために精製され、続いて置換液体が投与される)を使用する。好ましい実施態様において、患者は、少なくとも1血液容量を濾過するために十分な、分子量120,000ダルトンのカットオフを有する毛細管限外濾過器または平行板濾過器(parallel plate filter)を使用してウルトラフェレーシスされる。好ましい置換液体は、ウルトラフェレーシスされた正常な血漿である。あるいは、患者は、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−1(「sTNFR−1」)、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−2(「sTNFR−2」)、可溶性インターロイキン−2レセプター(「sIL−2R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−1レセプター(「sIL−1R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−6レセプター(「sIL−6R」)、または可溶性インターフェロンγレセプター(「sIFN−γR」)に対する可溶性レセプター/インヒビターを選択的に除去するためにフェレーシスされる。これらは、サイトカイン、そのエピトープ、またはレセプターに対する抗体への結合によって除去され得る。これらは、患者の血液または血漿からタンパク質を除去するための結合反応のために、濾過器に、カラムに、または他の標準的技術を使用して固定化され得る。患者は、好ましくは、3週間の間毎日処置され、診断試験が、腫瘍の収縮が存在することを検証するために実施され、次いで、処置レジメが繰り返される。
本発明によって、非選択的、非常な毒性、全身的な化学療法を含まない方法および組成物が提供された。
本明細書中に開示される方法およびデバイスは、癌、免疫媒介性障害、慢性寄生、いくつかのウイルス疾患、およびIL−2、IL−6、γインターフェロン、または他の炎症前(pro−inflammatory)シグナルに対するTNFレセプターまたはインヒビターのレベルの増加によって特徴づけられる他の障害、ならびに白血球の活性化を有する患者の処置のために有用である。実施例は、癌患者の処置における有効性を実証する。
(A.ウルトラフェレーシスシステム)
(1.濾過器)
濾過器は、生体適合性であり、そして血小板の過剰な活性化または凝固を生じることなく血液と接触されることに適切でなければならない。デバイスは、代表的に、平行板濾過器または毛細管膜濾過器のいずれかである。これらは、現在、腎臓透析のための使用におけるデバイスから適応され得る。毛細管膜濾過器は、代表的に、子供に対する使用のために約0.25〜1m2の表面積を有し、成人に対する使用のために約1〜3m2の表面積を有する。平行板濾過器は、代表的に濾過されるべき血液1mlあたり0.1〜2cm2の範囲の表面積を有する。
この患者は代表的に、標準的な静脈内チュービングを用いて血液処理デバイスに接続され(血小板フェレーシスに用いられるのと同様に接続され)、その結果、血液は、一方の側でこの患者から取り出され得、他方の側で戻され得る。このチュービングは、流速を制御するポンプに接続され、その結果、好ましい実施態様では、1血液容量(総体重の約7%に基づく)は、約2.5時間の時間をかけて処理される。次いで、濾液は、第2の部位で濾過デバイスからこの患者へと戻される。標準的なマイクロプロセッサー制御を用い、例えば、流速モニターおよびポンプ速度と組み合わせて、取り出される血液産物の容量をモニタリングすることにより血流を調節し得る。
患者は、濾過後の置換流体を受けなければならない。好ましい置換流体は、この患者を処置するために用いられたのと同じ濾過器を用いて濾過された、ウルトラフェレーシス正常血漿(例えば、赤十字から入手される期限切れの血漿)である。あるいは、この患者には、正常アルブミン、または生理食塩水で希釈された新鮮な凍結血漿が、投与され得る。
標準的なウルトラフェレーシスは、ポジティブな指標が観察されるまでは、ある期間にわたって行われる。これは、代表的には、腫瘍サイズのいくらかの減少が存在したことを示すかまたは腫瘍炎症を示唆する、診断試験に基づく。この患者は、好ましくは、3週間にわたって毎日処置され、腫瘍および/または炎症の縮小が存在したことを確認する診断試験が行われ、次いでこの処置レジメが繰り返される。
任意の抗脈管形成化合物が用いられ得る。例示的な抗脈管形成化合物としては、以下が挙げられる:O−置換フマジロール(fumagillol)およびその誘導体(例えば、TNP−470)(Kishimotoらに対する米国特許第5,135,919号、同第5,698,586号、および同第5,290,807号に記載される);アンジオスタチン(angiostatin)およびエンドスタチン(endostatin)(O’Reillyに対する米国特許第5,290,807号、同第5,639,725号、および同第5,733,876号に記載される);サリドマイド(D’Amatoに対する米国特許第5,629,327号および同第5,712,291号に記載されるとおり);ならびに他の化合物(例えば、抗侵入因子(anti−invasive factor)、レチノイン酸、およびパクリタキセル(Hunterらに対する米国特許第5,716,981号に記載される)およびメタロプロテイナーゼインヒビター(Murphyらに対する米国特許第5,713,491号に記載される))。サリドマイドは、一日1回、200mgが経口投与される。
プロテインCは、セリンプロテアーゼに対するビタミンK依存性血漿タンパク質チモーゲンである。活性化されると、プロテインCは強力な抗凝固因子となる。活性化されたプロテインCは、プロコアギュラント補因子である第VIIIa因子および第Va因子の特異的タンパク質分解を通して作用する。この活性は、別のビタミンK依存性タンパク質であるプロテインS、カルシウムおよびリン脂質(おそらく細胞性)表面の存在を必要とする。Hemostasis and
Thrombosis:Basic Principles and Clinical Practice 第2版、Colman,R.W.ら編、263頁(J.B.Lippincott,Philadelphia,PA1987)に記載されるように、プロテインCは、大きい方の重鎖がより小さい方の軽鎖に一つのジスルフィド連結を通じて結合した、二本鎖形態で循環する。プロテインCは、活性化プロテインC(APC)へと活性化される。トロンビンは、プロテインCを、その重鎖中のArg12−Leu13結合の特異的切断によって活性化し得る。インビボで、生理学的濃度のカルシウムの存在下で、この活性化速度は、トロンビンが内皮細胞補因子であるトロンボモジュリンに結合された場合に劇的に増強される。Matschinerら、Current Advances
in Vitamin K Research、135−140頁、John
W.Suttie編(Elsevier Science Publishing Co.,Inc.1988)は、凝固におけるビタミンK依存性タンパク質の役割をさらに概説した。
TNFレセプター1およびTNFレセプター2の分子が腫瘍細胞によって脱離される(shed)こと、およびこれらの分子が腫瘍細胞上で宿主による免疫媒介攻撃を阻害するようであることが十分に確立されている。ウルトラフェレーシスは、これらの可溶性レセプターの大部分を除去すると考えられる。可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−1(「sTNFR−1」)、可溶性組織壊死因子レセプター−2(「sTNFR−2」)、可溶性インターロイキン−2レセプター(「sIL−2R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−1レセプター(「sIL−1R」)、可溶性インターロイキン−6レセプター(「sIL−6R」)、または可溶性インターフェロンγレセプター(sIFN−γR」)に対するこれらの可溶性レセプター/インヒビターのさらなるおよび/または選択的な除去は、ウルトラフェレーシスを補充するためにまたはその代わりに使用され得る。選択的除去の利点は、同じ有益な効果が、障害の処置で得られるが、この処置は、選択的な除去が存在するとき、外因性血漿もアルブミンも患者に投与される必要がないので、よりずっと安価でかつ安全であることである。これらは、サイトカイン、それらのエピトープ、またはそのレセプターに対する抗体に結合することにより除去され得る。これらは、フィルタ中に、カラム中に、または患者の血液または血漿からタンパク質を除去するための結合反応についての他の標準的な技術を用いて固定化され得る。本明細書中で使用されるように、抗体とは、レセプター分子に対して免疫反応性の抗体または抗体フラグメント(単鎖、組換え体、またはヒト化)をいう。好ましい実施態様では、これらの抗体は、標準的な抗体カップリング技術を使用して、ウルトラフェレーシス膜フィルターで固定化される。最も好ましい実施態様では、抗体は、脱離されたレセプター分子のカルボキシ末端と反応性であり、それにより、レセプターによるシグナル伝達が細胞表面上になお存在するという懸念を回避する。
好ましい化学療法剤は、TNFと相乗的である薬剤であり、例えば、アルキル化剤、ドキソルビシン(doxyrubicin)、カルボプラチン(carboplatinum)、シスプラチン(cisplatinum)、およびタモキシフェン(tomoxifen)が挙げられる。タモキシフェンは、エストロゲンレセプターの遮断においてだけでなく、上皮由来増殖因子(「EDGF」)、線維芽細胞由来増殖因子(「FDGF」)、腫瘍由来増殖因子(「TDGF」)、TDGF−βおよび血小板由来増殖因子(「PDGF」)のような特定の増殖因子レセプターの遮断においても役割を演じ、従って、ウルトラフェレーシスによって刺激された癌に対する炎症に対して補足的であり得る。
放射線療法は、正常組織を破壊し、腫瘍を炎症攻撃によって部分的に死滅させる。ウルトラフェレーシスは、残留する腫瘍細胞を殺傷し、そして正常組織に有害な作用を与えない、より低い線量の放射線照射の使用を可能にする。好ましい方法において、ウルトラフェレーシスが初期療法として使用され、通常の照射量のおよそ半分での放射線照射が続く。TNFは、遊離酸素ラジカル、ヒドロキシルラジカル、およびハロゲン化物イオンを生成することにより腫瘍細胞を殺傷すること、および放射線療法は、組織においてカルボニウムイオンを生成することが、十分に確立されている。従って、これら2つの組み合わせは、いずれか単独よりも、癌細胞の殺傷において有効である。
(実施例1:ウルトラフェレーシスを用いる転移性平滑筋肉腫(leiomyoscarcoma)を有する患者の処置)
J.K.さんは、転移性平滑筋肉腫を有する43歳の女性である。これは、6つの肺転移を伴い、その全てが、腫瘍を除去するための両肺の手術の1ヶ月以内に発症した。これらの腫瘍はまた、メトトレキサート、アドリアマイシン、イフォスファミド(ifosphomide)、およびダクチノマイシンではうまくいかなかった。
J.R.さんは、転移性胸部癌を有する44歳の女性である。これは、放射線療法および化学療法剤(サイトキサン(cytoxan)、アドリアマイシン、5−FU、タキソール(taxol)、シスプラチン、ナベルビン(navalbine)、タモキシフェン(tamoxofin)、およびアリメデックス(arimedex))での処置に失敗した。ウルトラフェレーシスの時点での腫瘍は、肺、骨、ならびに左側の前部および側部の胸部全体の皮膚において示された。
P.G.さんは、転移性黒色腫を有する54歳のエンジニアである。彼は、肺および縦隔中のリンパ節への転移を伴っている。
R.S.博士は、左側上方の肺において転移性腺癌を有する59歳の男性である。彼は、肝臓、脳、および骨への転移を伴っている。彼の腫瘍は、タキソール、シスプラチン、およびエトポシドに応答しなかった。彼の脳腫瘍は、放射線療法に応答した。
Claims (1)
- 形質転換組織、感染組織、または疾患組織に対する免疫応答を誘導するための方法。
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DK1079875T3 (da) | 2007-01-08 |
ATE339978T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
AU4542599A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
US7854717B1 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
ES2277440T5 (es) | 2011-04-07 |
US6231536B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
CA2333323C (en) | 2008-09-23 |
DK1079875T4 (da) | 2010-03-22 |
EP1731162A2 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
CA2333323A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
EP1079875B1 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
EP1731162A3 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
DE69933289D1 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
JP2002516157A (ja) | 2002-06-04 |
US20150231178A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
PT1079875E (pt) | 2007-01-31 |
DE69933289T2 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
WO1999061085A2 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
US6620382B1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
ES2277440T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
EP1079875A2 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
US20100285044A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
WO1999061085A3 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
AU767564B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
JP2009240822A (ja) | 2009-10-22 |
DE69933289T3 (de) | 2010-07-01 |
JP3694757B2 (ja) | 2005-09-14 |
WO1999061085A9 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
EP1079875B2 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
US20130071350A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
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