JP2003088772A - Apparatus for cutting and grinding industrial waste and method for treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize material recycling by efficient pulverization treatment of a waste vinyl chloride resin flooring material. SOLUTION: Material recycling is realized by pulverizing e.g. a waste flooring material by rotating a cylindrical tool unit having a plurality of steplike cutting edges at a high speed and freely controlling the rotation of the tool, the feed rate and angle of the thing to be ground, etc., in pulverizing a waste flooring material or the like.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a material recycling of interior waste materials discarded as construction waste materials, particularly PVC waste materials and other industrial waste that are difficult to incinerate due to the generation of dioxins and the like, at low cost. On how to do.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Among the construction waste materials, interior waste materials are classified as "waste plastics", and conventionally, they are crushed to a maximum diameter of 150 mm and disposed of by landfilling. With the enforcement of the Construction Waste Material Recycling Law, separation at the construction site is obligatory and it is necessary to recycle by a method other than landfill.

For example, vinyl chloride flooring materials such as vinyl chloride homogenous style, composition tiles, and long vinyl chloride sheets are produced in Japan at 66.4 million m ² per year and are ready for use. Industrial Center, Statistical Yearbook 2000). In addition, a multi-layered tile carpet mainly made of PVC material as a backing material has been produced in an amount of about 20.4 million m ² (Source: 1999, same as above).

As described above, it is estimated that PVC flooring is about 86.8 million m ² even in the new production start part, and that the existing flooring is more than 10 times that.
Waste (about 1 billion m ² = 4 million tons) is estimated to reach 400,000 to 500,000 tons per year.

Regarding these waste floor materials, as a method other than landfilling, a method in which various pulverizers are used to make fine powder and material is recycled again as a backing material such as floor material has been tried. The flooring material is soft because it has a low melting point and contains a large amount of plasticizer, and there is no fusion phenomenon in the high-speed pulverization process by the conventional shearing method or pressure crusher method. It is easy to occur, and it is difficult to crush it quickly. Therefore, it requires a lot of energy and the device is large. By the way, most of the electric power for making 1 ton a particle diameter of about 3 mm exceeds 60 KW / hour.

Further, in order to use it as a recycle raw material, it is desired that the particle size be in the form of powder of about 500 μm. Therefore, at present, the so-called milling method of grinding is the mainstream, It is extremely inefficient, and therefore fine powder is obtained through several steps such as coarse pulverization. For example, in order to obtain 1 ton of fine powder per hour, a power amount of 250 to 300 KW per hour is required, and the device cost is expensive. Also,
At present, there is almost no fine crusher for PVC flooring materials.

[0007] In addition, the amount of interior waste materials used in automobiles, and wastes such as waste styrofoam or waste gypsum board, which are irregular or thick, are increasing rapidly, and countermeasures against them are urgently needed.
At present, it is subjected to coarse crushing and then to landfill, but it is required to recycle after separation.

On the other hand, of the interior waste materials, the waste wall covering material that occupies a considerable weight is composed of a vinyl chloride layer containing a large amount of plasticizer and a paper backing layer, and it is extremely difficult to separate them. It is incinerated at a high disposal cost in a managed landfill.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the above-described difficulty in making PVC waste flooring materials and other industrial wastes into fine powder of about 500 microns is solved, and the steps of fragmentation and coarse pulverization are solved. It is an object to realize a method for obtaining fine powder that can be reused as a recycled material that is energy-saving, low-cost, and excellent in mass productivity, by saving as much as possible.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Applicants
1-268010 "," Ice pieces or slurry ice is mixed with waste floor material that has been subdivided to about 5 mm square in advance to prevent heat generation in the step of fine pulverization and to be provided in a stirring device (mixer). `` The cutting force of the many rotating blades and the shearing pressure generated when the ice is crushed will realize pulverization, and the waste floor material will be immersed in cold water to freeze and freeze to pulverize. '' However, in the present invention, by using a cylindrical rotary tool unit having a large number of step-shaped cutting edges, directly omitting the step of fragmentation and coarse crushing of waste floor materials, etc. To be finely divided.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention in which a waste PVC tile 450 mm square (3 mm thickness) is 50 mm.
A flow chart of the process of making fine powder of about 0 micron is shown.

[0012] The previously filed Japanese Patent Application No. 2001/21732
4 "and" Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-248356 ", etc., first, a 450 mm square waste tile is divided into five strips to form strips, and mortar powder, adhesives, and other back surface attachments are ultrasonically scraped or electric. Remove with a rotating planer.

In the cutting and crushing device, as shown in FIG. 2, the tile from which the back surface attachment has been removed is cooled in advance to a predetermined temperature by a cooling unit, and a work guide unit is provided immediately before the cutting and crushing tool. It is pressure fed in through the tool in the direction of the central axis of the tool. As a cooling means, a cooling zone may be provided on the conveyance path of the material.

Like PVC waste floor materials and thermoplastic waste materials,
Cooling of the material is extremely effective when there is a possibility that the material may be deteriorated or fused due to heat generated by cutting, or when the flexible material may escape from the rotary tool.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rotary tool unit is
As an example, a cylinder with a diameter of 125 mm and a length of 100 mm,
10 on the outer peripheral surface parallel to the central axis or spirally
Forty grooves and ridges are formed at a mm pitch, and cutting edges such as cemented carbide chips are brazed along the ridges at intervals of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Therefore, about 8,000 cutting edges are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material. The groove has a structure that facilitates discharge of cutting powder.

100 mm width x 450 mm length x per hour
The feed rate of the material required for the pulverization treatment of 5000 pieces (1000 kg) of 3 mm-thick waste tiles is about 40 m / min, and if the tool unit with a diameter of 125 mm is rotated at 6000 rpm and the material is loaded at the above speed, The cutting length with one hard tip is 165 microns, and the target powder of the level of 500 microns can be obtained.

In this case, considering the cutting resistance, the target 5
The number of blades or the number of tool rotations may be reduced within a range in which a powder having a particle size of 00 microns or less can be obtained.

Further, in order to prevent heat generation at the cutting edge portion and at the same time prevent clogging of the rotary tool due to cutting powder, the cooling air supplied by the cold air generator is pressurized to a high pressure through a compressor to cut the cutting edge portion and the cutting edge. The structure is such that it is blown onto the powder discharge groove.

The work guide unit described above has a structure in which it can be tilted forward and backward and up and down by a motor, an air cylinder, etc. and can be tilted, and the contact position and angle between the tile and the rotary tool can be freely changed. be able to. This is very effective, for example, when it is desired to cut and grind only the upper surface of the waste material.

This mechanism makes it possible to finely adjust the gap between the material and the rotary tool, and the work guide unit serves as a fixed blade, so that the particle size of the discharged cutting powder and the discharging direction can be controlled. .

It is also possible to apply ultrasonic vibration to the work guide unit to further subdivide the cut material.

The rotary tool unit is sealed by a dust collecting hood except for the material input port, and the cutting powder dropped to the lower part of the hood is stored in a discharging bucket.
Alternatively, it is sucked by a suction blower or the like and stored in the bag filter. (Not shown)

When the bag filter reaches a fixed amount, it is transferred to a vibrating screen or a distribution device, and is packaged and shipped through a particle size adjustment process and a foreign matter selection process.

The cutting and crushing method according to the present invention is a method for reliably feeding the material to be crushed to the cutting and slicing cutting edge as compared with the conventional methods such as impact, compression, grinding, shearing and cutting which are generally performed. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a capture rate close to 100% and improve the pulverization efficiency. Further, in the conventional method, the crushing tool portion is heavy and it is difficult to increase the speed (50
In the system according to the present invention, 10,000 rpm is also possible.

In the cutting and pulverizing method according to the present invention, the downcut is suitable for the raw material, and when the raw material is contact-inserted, as shown in FIG. 2, the contact point is located at a position horizontal to the central axis of the rotary tool. In addition, by horizontally feeding the material toward the central axis of the rotary tool, it becomes easier to drop the cutting powder right below the contact point between the cutting edge and the material, and it becomes easier to hold or feed the material. In this case, if the material is thrown into the bottom of the rotary tool, the material is thrown out unprocessed by the rotation of the tool, and it is difficult to hold the material. Further, in the rotation of the upper cut, the cutting powder scatters upward, which makes it difficult to capture.

In the cutting and crushing apparatus according to the present invention, the feed roller, the work guide unit, the motor for driving the rotary tool, and the like are controlled by a computer, so that the feed speed of the material, the throwing angle of the waste to the cutting edge, the throwing position, and the like. By controlling the rotation speed of the rotary tool, the particle size can be adjusted extremely accurately, and a predetermined powder can be obtained.
Further, by changing the thickness, shape, material, number of blades, etc. of the cutting edge, it is possible to obtain micron-level powder of various materials, for example.

This cutting and crushing method is also a coarse crushing process for waste foamed polystyrene having a three-dimensional shape and irregularly shaped materials such as waste interior materials such as automobiles if the tool diameter is set to a certain size. It can be easily pulverized without going through.

PVC paper wallpaper is used as a wall covering finishing material.
It has a market share of 0% or more, and because it contains a large amount of plasticizers such as DOP and emits environmental hormones, it tends to gradually decrease in new construction, but the amount already constructed is huge and construction waste materials Will be emitted over the next decade or so.

Usually, the vinyl chloride paper wallpaper is extremely difficult to separate because the paper is laminated on the back surface of the vinyl chloride sheet as a backing material.

Recently, a product having a structure in which an adhesive having a low melting point is used to bond the vinyl chloride layer and the paper and easily peeled off by heating has been developed. Has not been taken.

In the cutting and crushing device of the present invention, the vinyl chloride paper wallpaper is dipped in cold water to swell the paper backing layer, and after being hardened by the cooling device or freezing device, it is put into the cutting and crushing device.

The material controls the work guide unit so that only the vinyl chloride layer is cut and crushed, the paper backing layer is directly sent downward as it is, and the vinyl chloride layer is recovered as powder. (Not shown)

In the case of crushing a composite material in which different kinds of materials are multi-laminated as described above, according to the present invention, some layers are directly crushed, and the remaining layers are left untreated and subjected to a treatment suitable for the material. The method is far more rational than a method in which the layers are separated in advance and then ground, or a method in which the particles are ground without being separated and then separated by a method such as classification.

Of the fibrous waste floor materials, the chemical fibers used in carpets such as nylon fibers and acrylic fibers are extremely expensive, and when the fiber portion of the waste floor material is finely pulverized, the respective virgin powders are again used. After being mixed with, melted and spun, it can be used again as a surface material such as a floor material. Alternatively, it can be used as a binder for laminating different fiber materials.

In the melting step, the finished product is often hindered by entrainment of air, so it is desirable to make it as fine as possible. The same can be said for PVC recycled raw materials.

In the cutting and crushing device shown in FIG. 2, as a pre-stage of introducing the fiber material into the cooling device, only the fiber portion is pre-separated from the base cloth or the backing material, and then immersed in cold water for hydration.

The hydrated fiber portion thus obtained is appropriately dehydrated by a filter press or the like, and formed into a sheet having a thickness of 3 to 5 mm by using a thickness adjusting roller.

Through these steps, the fiber sheet material is
It is put into the cooling device shown in FIG. 2 to freeze it, and is pulverized by using a cutting and grinding tool.

Usually, the ultra-short fibers are easily scattered in the state as they are, so that they can be formed into a sheet by a technique called freezing and can be continuously cut.

The frozen fibers thus cut into pieces each having a length of about 0.5 mm are dried from the bottom by hot air, and at the same time classified, and recovered as powder of about 500 μm.

Further, in the cutting and pulverizing method according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, after fibrous material is fluffed in advance, it is appropriately dispersed and dipped in a water-soluble adhesive such as a starch-based adhesive, and a heating device or the like is used. The sheet-shaped fibrous material formed by being dried and hardened by using is pulverized directly through a cutting and pulverizing device.

Needless to say, the cutting and crushing apparatus and the processing method using the apparatus according to the present invention are not only useful for pulverizing industrial waste, but can also be applied to various raw materials that require fine pulverization.

[0044]

As described above, according to the present invention,
PVC waste floor materials and automobile interior waste materials that are industrial waste, PVC paper wallpaper, waste fibers, etc. are hardened by a cooling device etc., and using a rotary tool unit with a number of step-shaped cutting edges, By pulverizing the waste material and the like at high speed without going through a coarse crushing process, it is possible to realize an extremely energy-saving and economical industrial waste or the like as a recycling raw material.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps showing an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a cutting and crushing device.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a cutting and crushing tool.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration diagram of a cutting and crushing device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Motor for driving cutting tool unit 2. Rotary tool 3. Dustproof and soundproof cover 4. High pressure cold air supply nozzle 5. Feeding roller 6. Waste floor material 7. Cooling system 8. Infeed conveyor 9. Work guide unit 10. Powder discharge bucket 11. Mixture of waste fiber differential and adhesive solution 12. Stirrer 13. Motor for stirring 14. Distributor 15. Screen conveyor 16. Workpiece 17. Double filter press 18. Heat source for drying 19. Cutting and grinding equipment

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) B09B 5/00 ZAB B29B 17/02 B29B 17/00 B29K 25:00 17/02 27:06 // B29K 25 : 00 B09B 5/00 ZABZ 27:06 3/00 ZF term (reference) 4D004 AA08 AA12 AA46 BA07 BA09 CA04 CA08 CA32 CB13 CB31 4D065 CA06 CB01 CC01 DD05 DD24 EA07 EB11 BF11 ED31 A17A12 A17A12 A17A4 BF13 BF31

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. When obtaining a fine powder suitable for material recycling of waste plastics as industrial waste, a cylindrical rotary tool unit having a large number of cutting edges is provided, and the material such as the waste and the cutting edge portion are provided. An industrial waste cutting and pulverizing apparatus comprising a material conveying device having means for cooling the material, and means for controlling the cut amount of the material, the particle size of the cutting powder, and the like. 2. The cutting tool in the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical metal base material is provided with stepwise cutting edges at predetermined depths and intervals, and a motor is used to interpose a central axis. A tool for cutting and crushing industrial waste, characterized by having a structure that rotates at high speed and pulverizing materials such as industrial waste. 3. The cutting and crushing tool according to claim 2, wherein a large number of thin metal plates having stepped cutting edges on the outer periphery are overlapped with each other, and the motor is rotated at a high speed through a central shaft to produce industrial waste. A tool for cutting and crushing industrial waste, which is characterized by pulverizing materials such as these. 4. A waste floor material discharged as industrial waste, for example, a tile-like or sheet-like waste floor material such as a PVC homogenia style, a composition tile, a vinyl chloride long sheet, and a tile carpet. Three
Using the cutting and crushing device and cutting and crushing tool described in
A method for treating waste floor material, which is characterized in that it is directly pulverized without undergoing steps such as coarse crushing in advance. 5. The cutting and crushing device and the cutting and crushing tool according to claim 1, 2 and 3 are used for industrial wastes of various shapes or thicknesses such as vehicle interior waste materials, waste expanded styrene foam, waste gypsum board, etc. , A method for treating industrial waste, which is characterized by directly pulverizing without undergoing steps such as coarse crushing in advance. 6. A waste PVC paper wallpaper, which is a flexible material, which is a composite material of a PVC layer discharged as industrial waste and paper, and the material is dipped in cold water to moderately hydrate or land. Then, the vinyl chloride layer is recovered as a powder by using the cutting and crushing device and the cutting and crushing tool according to claims 1, 2 and 3, and at the same time, the backing paper backing layer is , A method for treating waste PVC wallpaper, which is characterized in that it is recovered as paper. 7. In a fiber portion and a fiber-based waste material of a waste carpet discharged as industrial waste, the fiber portion is formed into a sheet shape with a fluff, and is immersed in cold water to be appropriately hydrated, A method for treating a fiber-based waste material, characterized in that it is hardened by using a cold air generator or a freezer, and is pulverized by using the cutting and crushing device and the cutting and crushing tool according to claims 1, 2 and 3. 8. In a fiber portion and a fiber-based waste material of a waste carpet discharged as industrial waste, the fiber portion is fluffed, dipped in a water-soluble adhesive solution of a predetermined concentration, and appropriately impregnated, A method for treating a fiber-based waste material, which is characterized in that it is formed into a sheet, cured by pressure drying, and finely pulverized by using the cutting and pulverizing device and the cutting and pulverizing tool according to claims 1, 2 and 3.