WO2008050494A1

WO2008050494A1 - Pulverizing device and pulverizing method

Info

Publication number: WO2008050494A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/053395
Authority: WO
Inventors: Masafumi Kikuchi; Akio Koyama; Kichinosuke Amimoto; Takao Nishishita; Yutaka Akahoshi; Kazuko Ito
Original assignee: Meiji University Legal Person
Priority date: 2006-10-27
Filing date: 2007-02-23
Publication date: 2008-05-02
Also published as: KR20090076795A; AU2007289023A1; JP2008110274A; CN101316657A

Abstract

A pulverizing device and a pulverizing method that can efficiently pulverize an object. The pulverizing device has a tubular container extending in the horizontal direction; a rotating shaft placed along the axis of the tubular container; rods arranged spaced from and in parallel with the rotating shaft, at positions near the inner wall of the tubular container; rod fixation members for fixing the rods to the rotating shaft; and hammering members provided at each of the rods.

Description

Specification

Powdering apparatus and powdering method

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a powdering apparatus and a powdering method for powdering an object.

Background art

[0002] Along with the recent increase in recycling momentum, a resin wall paper in which a resin layer such as polyvinyl chloride and a backing paper (pulp fiber layer) are bonded together, a resin layer such as PVC and a fiber layer made of nylon or polyester are used. Efficient composite materials with different material strengths such as tile carpets, soundproof sheets, tarpaulins, construction safety nets, etc., in which fiber layers are bonded together or fiber layers are impregnated with resin layers It is required to recycle well. In order to recycle such a composite material, it is necessary to pulverize the composite material and separate the powder into materials, for example, a resin powder and a fiber.

[0003] As a method for efficiently pulverizing such a composite material, a cutting method as described in Patent Document 1, a shredder method as described in Patent Document 2, and Patent Documents 3 to 4 are described. The shearing method and the rotational normal method as described above are known. Further, as a device for crushing harder materials such as concrete waste, chain rotation type crushing methods and the like disclosed in Patent Documents 5 to 6 are known.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-88772

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-24817

Patent Document 3: JP 2003-127140 A

Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-320532

Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-619898

Patent Document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-189823

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0004] However, as a result of investigations by the present inventors, the conventional method cannot efficiently pulverize the composite material to about 300 μm or less. And, for example, it was difficult to mechanically separate sallow powder and fibers.

[0005] As a result of investigations by the present inventors, a rotating shaft to which a striking member such as a blade or a hammer is fixed in a horizontally extending cylindrical container has an extremely high speed, for example, the peripheral speed of the striking member is 50 mZs or more. Preferably, it has been found that the composite material can be reduced to 300 m or less when rotated at lOOmZs or higher. However, it is difficult to obtain such a peripheral speed with a conventional rotary device, and the power consumption is extremely large.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a pulverizing apparatus and method that can efficiently powder an object.

Means for solving the problem

[0007] A pulverization apparatus according to the present invention includes a cylindrical container arranged in a horizontal direction, a rotating shaft arranged along the axis of the cylindrical container, and a rotating axial force away from the inner wall of the cylindrical container. A plurality of rods provided substantially parallel to the rotation shaft at close positions, a rod fixing member for fixing the plurality of rods to the rotation shaft, and a striking member provided on each rod.

[0008] According to the present invention, the rod is provided at a position close to the cylindrical container away from the rotation shaft, and the striking member is provided on the rod. Therefore, compared with the case where the striking member is provided at a position close to the rotation axis, the striking member length in the rotational radius direction is reduced, and the air resistance by the striking member is reduced. This facilitates high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft and reduces the power required for operation.

[0009] Since the striking member rotates at a high speed, the object moves at a high speed between the tip of the striking member that rotates at a high speed and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container. It is pulverized rapidly below m.

[0010] Further, since each rod is provided with a plurality of striking members, the region in which the striking member rotates can be formed continuously and long in the direction of the rotation axis, and the powder is efficient.匕匕 is possible.

[0011] By the way, in such a powdery device, when a composite material obtained by compounding various materials is pulverized, light powder is radially inward in the cylindrical container due to the action of centrifugal force, that is, a rotating shaft. There is a tendency for heavy powder to gather on the side closer to the outer side in the radial direction, that is, closer to the inner wall of the cylindrical container. [0012] Therefore, it is preferable that the rod fixing member has an opening or a notch that allows gas and Z or powder to flow in the axial direction of the rotating shaft at least in a portion where the radius of rotation is shorter than that of the rod.

[0013] Thereby, the gas can be circulated in the axial direction on the radially inner side, and the light powder prayed radially inward along with the gas flow can be selectively discharged to the outside.

The separation function can also be exhibited.

[0014] In this case, it is particularly preferable that outlets for the pulverized objects are respectively provided at positions where the distances of the rotational axial force are different from each other in the cylindrical container!

[0015] According to this, the outlet force heavy powder on the radially outer side can be selectively discharged, and the outlet force light powder on the radially inner side can be selectively discharged. Three or more outlets may be provided.

[0016] Further, it is preferable that the outlet having the longest distance of the rotational axial force is formed on the peripheral surface of the cylindrical container.

[0017] Thereby, there is an advantage that the rotating powder can be discharged smoothly.

[0018] The rotating shaft is preferably rotated so that the peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member is 50 mZs or higher, preferably lOOmZs or higher, more preferably 120 mZs or higher. As a result, sufficient powder can be obtained.

[0019] In addition, it is preferable that the striking member is fixed so as to be rotatable around each rod. This enables the striking member to absorb an impact caused by a collision with an object, and allows the fiber to Unnecessary cutting is reduced, and the life of the striking member is increased.

[0020] Further, it is preferable that three or more plate-shaped rod fixing members are provided in the axial direction, each rod passes through each rod fixing member, and a plurality of striking members are provided between the respective fixing members. . This simplifies the structure and improves manufacturing and maintenance.

[0021] Further, it is preferable to further include a cooling means for cooling the container and a refrigerant supply means for supplying the refrigerant into the container. By supplying refrigerant such as liquefied carbon dioxide, liquefied nitrogen gas, water vapor, water mist, and cooling air into the container, it is possible to suppress overheating of the target powder and striking member in the cylindrical container. preferable. In addition, the object to be put into the container is precooled. It is also preferable to have an object pre-cooling device.

[0022] Further, it is preferable that the inner wall of the container has irregularities. If irregularities are formed on the inner wall of the container, it can rotate along the inner wall of the container because the object collides with the irregularity and turbulence is generated by the irregularity to promote collision between the objects. The pulverization of the moving object can be further promoted.

[0023] A powdering method according to the present invention is a pulverizing method in which an object is pulverized by the above-described pulverizing apparatus.

The invention's effect

[0024] According to the present invention, there are provided a pulverization apparatus and method capable of efficiently pulverizing an object.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic view mainly explaining a cross section in the axial direction of the powdering apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder in the pulverizer of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing various forms (a) to (g) of the striking member.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder vicinity of the powdering apparatus according to the second embodiment.

[FIG. 5] FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of a resin compound powder comprising PVC resin + plasticizer + filler material.

[Figure 6] Figure 6 is a SEM photograph of pulp.

Explanation of symbols

[0026] 1 ······························································································· Rod Fixing member, 42... Opening, 42 a ... notch, 50 ... hitting member BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. In this embodiment The pulverizing apparatus 1 mainly includes a cylindrical container 10, a rotating shaft 20, a rod 30, a rod fixing member 40, a striking member 50, and the like.

[0028] The cylindrical container 10 is a cylindrical container extending in a substantially horizontal direction. The cylindrical container 10 has a hollow jacket structure (cooling means), and a coolant such as water can flow through the jacket 10a. The jacket 10a is supplied with the refrigerant from the refrigerant supply device 5 via the line L1.

If the cylindrical container 10 does not have a jacket structure, water or the like may be dropped on the outer surface of the cylindrical container 10 to cool it. In addition, the cylindrical container 10 may be divided in the up / down direction and the Z or left / right direction in consideration of maintainability. Both ends of the cylindrical container 10

Each is closed by a disk 14.

[0030] The rotating shaft 20 is preferably disposed coaxially with the axis of the cylindrical container 10 so as to penetrate both the disks 14 and along the axis of the cylindrical container 10. Bearings 15 capable of sealing gas and dust are provided at the portions of the circular plate 14 through which the rotary shaft 20 passes.

[0031] Further, the rotating shaft 20 is rotatably supported around the shaft by bearings 22 arranged on both outer sides of the cylindrical container 10, respectively. Further, a motor 24 is connected to the end of the rotating shaft 20 so that the rotating shaft 20 can be rotated at high speed. The rotation speed is, for example, a speed at which the peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member 50, that is, the linear speed at the maximum rotation radius of the striking member 50 is 50 mZs or more, more preferably lOOmZs or more, and even more preferably 120 mZs or more. Is preferred. In addition, at ultra-high speed rotation of 200mZs or more, it is even more powerful.

[0032] The rotary shaft 20 has a large-diameter portion 20a whose diameter is widened in a portion inside the cylindrical container 10, and a circular frame-shaped rod fixing member 40 is connected to the large-diameter portion 20a. It is fixed so that it is coaxial with the rotary shaft 20. A large number of rod fixing members 40 are provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction.

The rod 30 extends parallel to the axial direction so as to penetrate each rod fixing member 40, and the rod 30 is fixed to the rotating shaft 20 by the rod fixing member 40.

As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of rods 30 are provided at positions that are axially symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 20. It has been. In Fig. 2, the four rod forces are shifted by 90 °. The two rods may be shifted by 180 °. The three rods may be shifted by 120 °. However, it is also preferable from the viewpoint of high-speed rotation to arrange a plurality of n rods that are shifted by (360 Zn) °.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the position of the rod 30 is between the large-diameter portion 20a of the rotary shaft 20 and the cylindrical container 10 and is separated from the large-diameter portion 20a of the rotary shaft 20 Located on the side close to 10.

[0036] A plurality of striking members 50 are fixed to each rod 30. The striking member 50 has a main body 51 and a pipe 52 as shown in FIG. The pipe portion 52 is provided so as to penetrate the root portion 5 la of the main body portion 51, and the striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30 by the rod 30 penetrating through the opening of the pipe portion 52. The main body 51 has a tapered shape so that the width 51H of the tip 51b is smaller than the width 51L of the root 51a when the axial force of the pipe 52 is also viewed. The length 51W of the main body 51 in the axial direction of the pipe 52 is longer than the width 51H of the tip 51b.

As shown in FIG. 1, each striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30 so that a plurality of striking members 50 are arranged between the rod fixing members 40. The striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30 so as to be rotatable about the axis of the rod 30. As a result, the impact applied to the striking member when the striking member 50 and the non-processed object collide can be reduced, and unnecessary cutting of the fibers can be reduced, thereby extending the life of the striking member. Usually, the distal end portion 51b of the striking member 50 faces outward in the radial direction of rotation due to the centrifugal force applied to the striking member 50. In addition, it is preferable that the space | interval (refer FIG. 2) of the front-end | tip part 51b of the striking member 50 and the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10 shall be about 1-20 mm. Examples of the material of the striking member 50 and the rod 30 include metal materials such as stainless steel.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the rod fixing members 40 has an axial direction at least in a region where the rotational radius is smaller than that of the rod 30 when viewed from the axial direction of the rotary shaft 20. An opening 42 that allows gas and the like to flow is formed.

[0039] An object inlet 14a is formed in the disc 14 on the left end side in FIG. 1, and a screw feeder 70 for supplying the object is connected to the inlet 14a. The screw feeder 70 includes a cylinder 72, a screw 74 arranged in the cylinder 72, and a motor that rotates the screw 74. 76 and a hopper 78 for supplying an object to one end of the cylinder 72, and the other end of the cylinder 72 is connected to the object inlet 14a.

[0040] The object to be supplied into the hopper 78 is not particularly limited, but a composite material containing different materials, for example, a resin layer in which a resin layer such as polyvinyl chloride and a backing paper (pulp fiber layer) are bonded together Tile carpets, soundproofing wallpaper, a resin layer such as PVC, and a nylon or polyester fiber layer, or a fiber layer sandwiched between resin layers, or a fiber layer impregnated with a resin. Composite resin materials such as sheets, tarpaulins and construction safety nets. In particular, a composite material including fibers and a resin layer is preferable. It is also possible to powder a single composition material. In addition, raw materials such as pharmaceuticals and foods such as dried kelp and mushrooms can be powdered.

[0041] Here, the object supplied into the container 10 is preferably roughly crushed to 100 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less in advance. The shape of the object is not particularly limited, and may be in the form of particles or on a chip or sheet. Moreover, the target object may contain water.

[0042] The left disc 14 further includes a plurality of gas inlets 14b. The gas inlets 14b are provided such that their positions in the rotational radius direction are different from each other, and can supply gas such as air into the cylindrical container 10 respectively.

[0043] An outlet 10b is provided at a lower portion of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical container 10. A container 12 is connected to the tip of the outlet 10b via a line L4.

[0044] The right disc 14 is provided with a plurality of outlets 14c. The outlets 14c are arranged so that the positions in the rotational radius direction are different from each other. Each outlet 14c is provided with a bag filter 80 and a suction fan 82 via a line L2.

[0045] The discharging method from the outlets 10b and 14c is not limited to this, and a screw feeder or the like may be used, and the discharging may be naturally performed by the pressure in the container. The residence time may be controlled by controlling the speed at which the object after the powder having the outlets 10b and 14c is discharged is controlled. In this way, by discharging the pulverized target powder from the outlet 10b and the outlet 14c, light powder and heavy powder can be separated and discharged as described later. The embodying device can also function as a separating device. Three or more outlets can be provided. If separation is not necessary, one outlet may be provided. Also, instead of exit 10b, an example For example, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, the outlet 14d may be provided on the radially outermost side of the right disk 14, and the bag filter 80 and the suction fan 82 may be provided via the line L5.

[0046] Next, a powdering method using the powdering device 1 that is useful in the present embodiment will be described.

[0047] First, the rotating shaft 20 is rotated. Here, as described above, it is preferable that the peripheral speed of the tip of the striking member 50 be a predetermined speed. In addition, gas such as air is supplied from the inlet 14b.

[0048] Then, the object from the hopper 78 is introduced from the inlet 14a. Then, the object is rotated in the cylindrical container 10 by the striking member 50 that rotates at a high speed, and rotates on the inner surface of the cylindrical container 10 by centrifugal force. At this time, the object is rapidly pulverized by collision with the striking member 50, collision or friction with the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10, or collision or friction between the objects.

In the present embodiment, the rod 30 is disposed on the side close to the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10 away from the rotating shaft 20, and the striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30, so that the striking member 50 Can be sufficiently reduced in length in the radial direction of rotation of the striking member 50 and the air resistance required for the rotation of the rotary shaft 20 can be reduced. Therefore, it is easy to rotate the rotary shaft 20 at a higher speed than in the past, and it is easy to quickly make the object fine powder, for example, 300 m or less. When a composite material composed of different materials is pulverized, it can be physically separated into each material, for example, a resin powder and a fiber. Further, when the object includes a fiber material such as paper or fiber, the fiber is also unraveled in the cylindrical container 10. In addition, the power required for rotation can be reduced, so energy can be saved.

[0050] Further, in the inside of the cylindrical container 10, a strong centrifugal force acts on the powder that has been pulverized by high-speed rotation, and light powder such as fibers and heavy powder such as greaves powder, Separate in the radial direction. That is, light powder is separated near the center in the radial direction and heavy powder is separated outside in the radial direction. Further, since the opening 42 is formed in the rod fixing member 40, the gas and the light powder can be moved in the axial direction. In particular, since the rod 30 is disposed on the side close to the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10 away from the rotary shaft 20, the opening 42 can be provided sufficiently wide. It is easy to discharge the light powder that gathers inside in the radial direction.

[0051] Therefore, the light powder prayed radially inward from the outlet 14c is discharged and collected by the filter 80, while the heavy powder prayed radially outward is discharged from the outlet 10b. Collected in 80. That is, the powdering apparatus 1 can also function as a centrifuge. In addition, since the outlets 14c and 14c are separated from each other in the rotational radius direction, separation between the nog filters 80 and 80 is also possible.

[0052] The heavy powder pulverized in this way, for example, a polyvinyl chloride powder, can be suitably used as a recycled polyvinyl chloride material such as a recycled salt pico compound. Fiber can be used as a raw material for reclaimed resin as wallpaper material and soil conditioner.

[0053] In particular, composite resin waste materials, such as PVC wallpaper (PVC resin and plasticizers about 40 wt%, fillers about 20 wt%, backing paper about 40 wt%), can be recycled out of total 100,000 tons per year. Only 1000 tons have been produced, and it is difficult to recycle any construction waste. However, according to the apparatus and method described above, the fine powder is reduced to about 300 m or less, and separated into a resin compound powder and a fiber powder consisting of polyvinyl resin + plasticizer + filler. Powder can be obtained. In addition, it is separated into heavy powder (for example, resin compound powder made of PVC resin + plasticizer + filler) and light powder (pulp derived from backing paper) by centrifugal force, so it can be easily reused. It becomes.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made.

[0055] For example, the cylindrical container 10 does not have to be disposed completely in the horizontal direction. For example, the cylindrical container 10 may be inclined by about 30 °. Further, the cylindrical container 10 may have a tapered shape.

[0056] Further, even if the rod 30 is not completely parallel to the rotating shaft 20, for example, one end of the rod 30 may be inclined by about 10 ° so as to approach or move away from the rotating shaft 20. One end of the rod 30 may be inclined about 10 ° in the rotation direction.

[0057] The shape of the rod fixing member 40 is not a frame shape having the opening 42 and surrounding the rotating shaft 20. For example, as shown in FIG. A structure extending radially from the rotating shaft may be provided in which notches 42a that allow gas flow in the axial direction of 20 are formed. Even if there is no opening or notch, powder to 300 m or less Is possible.

Further, the striking member may not have the shape as shown in FIG. 3 (a). For example, the main body 51 has a plate shape as shown in FIG. 3 (b), that is, the shaft The length 51W in the direction may be smaller than the width 51H of the tip 51b. As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the root 51a is cylindrical, the tip 51b is plate-shaped, and one side of the plate is the pipe. As shown in Fig. 3 (d), the tip 51b can be a rod-like shape as shown in Fig. 3 (e). As shown in Fig. 3 (e), the body 51 has a ring shape surrounding the pipe 52. There may be an eccentric ring shape in which a part of the inside of the main body 51 is fixed in contact with the outer periphery of the pipe 52. As shown in FIG. 3 (f), the main body without the pipe 52 is provided. Even if the through hole 51c is formed in 51, as shown in FIG. 3 (g), a blade may be further formed on the side surface of the main body 51 in the rotating direction of (b).

It is also possible to supply static eliminating ions into the cylindrical container 10. In addition, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container 10 may be provided with unevenness that may be applied with ceramic coating.

[0060] Further, the position of the outlet 10b in the axial direction is not particularly limited, and two or more outlets 10b may be provided and used depending on the object and operating conditions.

Example

[0061] Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, 1000 kg of PVC wallpaper (about 60 wt% of the resin composition consisting of PVC resin, plasticizer and filler, and about 40 wt% backing paper) was powdered. The peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member was 150mZs.

[0062] As a result, powder was formed to about 50 to 500 µm. The powder recovered in the container 12 was 550 kg, and the composition was 90 wt% of the resin powder containing PVC resin + plasticizer + filler, and 10 wt% of pulp. The powder recovered in the bag filter 80 was 450 kg, and the composition was 20 wt% of the resin compound powder consisting of PVC resin + plasticizer + filler, and 80 wt% of pulp. These pulp and PVC resin powder have already been mechanically separated, and by further precise separation and classification using a sieve, etc., resin compound powder of 300 m or less and pulp filaments with a fiber length of 1 to 3 mm are obtained. A resolution of 5% or higher was obtained. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show the SEM photo of the sorghum compound powder and the SEM photo of the pulp, respectively.

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] cylindrical containers arranged in a substantially horizontal direction;

A rotating shaft disposed along the axis of the cylindrical container;

A plurality of rods provided substantially parallel to the rotation shaft at positions away from the rotation shaft and close to the inner wall of the cylindrical container;

A rod fixing member for fixing the plurality of rods to the rotating shaft;

A plurality of striking members provided on each rod;

A pulverizing apparatus.

[2] The pulverization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rod fixing member has an opening or a notch at least in a portion having a shorter radius of rotation than the rod.

[3] The powder feeder according to claim 2, wherein an outlet of the powdered object is provided at a position where the distances of the rotational axial force are different from each other in the cylindrical container.

[4] The pulverization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outlet having the longest rotational axial force is formed on a peripheral surface of the cylindrical container.

[5] The powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rotating shaft is rotated so that a peripheral speed at a tip of the striking member is 50 mZs or more, preferably lOOmZs or more, more preferably 120 mZs or more. Device.

[6] A pulverization method for pulverizing an object with the pulverization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5.