JP4035980B2 - Resin material separation method for tile carpet - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a surface pile layer Made of vinyl chloride resin The present invention relates to a tile carpet resin material separation method in which a fiber layer forming a surface pile layer of a tile carpet having a resin backing layer is separated, and the resin backing layer from which fiber components are substantially removed is recovered as a resin material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, used carpets, particularly tile carpets, have been disposed of without being recycled as building waste. However, in recent years, from the viewpoint of protection of the global environment and effective utilization of resources, there is a problem of disposal of waste materials and residual materials associated with renewal of waste tile carpets. Currently, more than 90% of tile carpet backing materials rely on vinyl chloride resin, and the development of suitable treatment and recycling methods is desired.
[0003]
Various methods have been proposed for recycling tile carpets. For example, JP-A-8-289837 discloses that polyvinyl alcohol is soluble in warm water of 60 ° C. or higher on the back side of the surface pile layer, so that the surface pile layer and the resin backing layer can be easily peeled and the carpet can be recycled. It is a carpet with laminated sealing layers. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-343542 proposes a carpet in which a paper or film that is decomposed by being immersed in water or warm water is bonded and fixed between the surface pile layer and the resin backing layer.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-153030 discloses a recycling method of waste carpet material, a method of recycling after pulverization and laminating between a virgin raw material and a virgin raw material as a resin lining layer of the carpet. JP-A-7-32520 discloses a method for producing a sheet using waste material. A pulverized product of carpet waste material is used as a part of a material for a resin backing layer of a tile carpet, kneaded with a Banbury mixer, and calendered to produce a carpet tile. Proposes a manufacturing method. On the other hand, as a method of pulverizing and separating the carpet, there is a method of pulverizing the carpet of JP-A-9-173197 by applying an impact force at a very low temperature and separating and recycling the surface pile layer. Further, as a method and apparatus for recycling a carpet disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-418, a polymer using a pulverizer of a type in which a carpet fabric is cut into small pieces and then strongly hit against a cracked anvil with a hammer member There is a method and apparatus for decomposing the fiber and the resin backing layer and separating and recovering the fiber component. This method and apparatus is intended to separate and recover the fiber component from the carpet, and the separation accuracy of the fiber component is Although it is expensive, in the method using this kind of pulverizer, the resin component of the other backing layer separated and recovered is cut because the cutting action between the anvil plate and the hammer member is larger than the impact action. For this reason, there has been a problem that separation of fibers becomes insufficient and good resin recovery cannot be performed. Further, a method for separating and recovering a fiber layer from a base material layer by applying an impact grinding force after crushing a thermoplastic resin molded article containing the base material layer and fiber layer of JP-A-2001-62832 into small pieces with a cutter mill And a method for cutting, pulverizing, separating, and pelletizing automobile carpet scraps disclosed in JP-A-2000-61941. As described above, when recycling the resin backing layer of the tile carpet as a resin material as a raw material, it is necessary to separate the surface pile layer and the resin backing layer. For example, a method of crushing and separating by hitting a carpet with an impeller or the like is known.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Currently, most of the tile carpets used are roughly divided into an upper layer and a lower layer. Looking at the production volume in 1998, nylon and polypropylene account for 96% of the upper layer material, and 97% of the lower layer material is PVC. The tile carpet manufactured by the paste-solt method has a surface pile layer embedded in the resin backing layer, so the surface pile layer and the resin backing layer are difficult to peel off, and it is easy to separate and recycle both layers. There wasn't.
[0006]
Further, in order to pulverize the tile carpet and collect the resin backing layer as a resin material as a raw material, it is necessary to accurately separate the fiber components forming the surface pile layer. For example, when pulverized with an impact-type pulverizer that pulverizes carpet tiles with the impeller described above, the fiber component forming the surface pile layer is unwound and swells into a cotton-like shape, and part of the resin component Although the fiber component is separated from the fiber component, the fiber component and the resin component in the form of cotton are intertwined and cannot be separated well, and it is generally difficult to perform the expected separation and the efficiency does not increase. It was.
[0007]
Here, the method of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-173197 is to pulverize a carpet at a low temperature by applying an impact force, to separate and recycle the surface pile layer, and specifically, at a low temperature of −30 ° C. Therefore, there is a problem in that a dedicated facility for pulverizing and separating at a low temperature is required, and the processing cost for cooling and pulverizing increases.
[0008]
On the other hand, as described above, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-153030, as a method of recycling tile carpet waste, the tile carpet is pulverized and then laminated between the virgin raw material and the virgin raw material as a resin backing layer of the carpet. The method of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-105096 is a method for producing a sheet using carpet waste material, and the method of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-32520 is a method for forming a pulverized product of carpet waste material as a part of the resin backing layer material of a tile carpet. It is a proposal to produce carpet tiles by kneading with a Banbury mixer and calendar rolling. However, these are mixed with virgin resin or laminated with virgin resin for recycling, and are recycled using tile carpets and carpet manufacturing equipment, and the methods are limited. Moreover, since the melting temperature of the vinyl chloride resin used as the backing resin and the fiber component constituting the surface pile layer, for example, nylon and polyester, are different, when recycling tile carpet waste, its properties, There was a problem that the manufacturing conditions had to be controlled in accordance with the mixing ratio of the fiber component.
[0009]
Also, a method of separating and recovering a fiber layer from a base material layer by applying an impact grinding force after crushing a thermoplastic resin molded article containing the base material layer and fiber layer of JP-A-2001-62832 into small pieces with a cutter mill And for the equipment, the process of separating and collecting the fiber layer from the base material layer by applying impact grinding force is performed by batch processing. There was a problem in that a device was required. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-61941 is a method of cutting, pulverizing, separating, and pelletizing to recycle automobile carpet scraps. The pulverization is performed with a pulverizer from a large mesh to a small mesh. However, when pulverizing using a shearing pulverizer, the fiber layer and the resin backing layer are sufficiently separated only by pulverizing with a large mesh and then pulverizing with a pulverizer equipped with a small mesh. There was a problem that could not be achieved.
[0010]
Actually, when using a backing resin that is mixed with fiber components and is not sufficiently separated as a resin material and recycled as a sheet, air is entrained by the mixing of the fiber components, resulting in unevenness on the surface of the sheet, resulting in surface properties. There is a problem that the melt viscosity of the resin is increased or the molding processability is lowered and the quality of the finished product is impaired. Therefore, when recycling the resin backing layer from the tile carpet as a raw material for the resin material, it has been desired to separate the fiber components forming the surface pile layer with high accuracy using an inexpensive apparatus.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention includes the following items.
(1) at least a surface pile layer Made of vinyl chloride resin A tile carpet resin material separation method for recovering, as a resin material, a tile backing composed of a resin backing layer, wherein the resin backing layer from which the fiber components forming the surface pile layer are substantially separated is recovered as a resin material, and a shear type grinder for tile carpet Crushed by Particle size is 5mm or more and 20mm or less A first pulverization step to be pulverized, The The first wind separation process that separates the fiber components contained in the pulverized product with the wind separation device. When , Using a swing hammer crusher in which a screen made of punching metal or a lattice is installed in the main body between the inlet and outlet, and a rotary blade made of an impact hammer is provided between the screen and the inlet. From mouth The crushed resin separated from the wind power Sequentially depending on the impact force of the rotary blade Crushing Then, the crushed material having a particle size of 2 mm or more and 7 mm or less that has passed through the opening of the screen is sequentially discharged through the suction air duct. Second crushing step When , A second wind separation process for separating the pulverized material with a wind separation device When A method for separating a resin material of a tile carpet, comprising:
( 2 ) Before the tile carpet is pulverized in the first pulverization step, the size of the cut product is previously cut to 1 cm or more and 5 cm or less (1) Described Resin material separation method for tile carpet.
[0012]
( 3 ) Adjusting the distance between the cutting edge of the shearing type crusher used in the first crushing step and the fixed blade to be 0.4 mm or more and 3 mm or less (1) Or (2) The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
( 4 ) In order to adjust the gap between the rotary blade and the fixed blade of the shearing pulverizer, the rotary blade and / or the fixed blade is scraped off and adjusted (1) to ( 3 One of In The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
( 5 The swing hammer crusher is a horizontal swing hammer crusher, and the resin material separation method for tile carpets according to (1).
[0013]
(6) A plurality of impact hammers, each of which is rotatably fixed around an axis parallel to the axial direction of the rotating body of the horizontal swing hammer crusher, are plate-shaped. One sheet or two or more sheets as one set, and the surface directions of the respective plate-shaped impact hammers are perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating body, and are arranged at predetermined intervals. Characterize (5) The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
[0014]
( 7 ) The wind separation device used in the first wind separation process and the second wind separation process has a circular plate in the vertical cylindrical separation tower with a vacuum suction port at the top and an air supply port at the bottom. Horizontally supported so that there is a gap, a pulverized tile carpet pulverized by a shearing pulverizer or a swing hammer crusher is carried into the center of the circular plate by an air transport pipe, and the pulverized material is sent to the periphery of the circular plate. The dust separation apparatus is characterized in that the fiber component that forms the surface pile layer is dropped from the air supply port and is sucked into the vacuum suction port by being put on the air flow rising through the separation tower ( 1) The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described in 1).
( 8 ) The wind force separation device used in the second wind force separation step is composed of a flat plate-shaped rocking plate that is horizontally arranged and has a surrounding frame except for the outlet side, and has an opening on the bottom surface on the outlet side. And a swinging plate that covers the opening and has a predetermined mesh, and that feeds the pulverized material supplied by moving back and forth to the outlet side sequentially, and a lower side to the opening. A blower that blows air from above and a suction duct provided with a vacuum suction port that is opposed to and spaced above the net by a predetermined distance. A dust separation device that sucks a fiber component in a mixture together with air blown up by the blower by vacuum suction, and the fiber component and resin that form a surface pile layer of a tile carpet in the dust separation device Features that (1) Carpet Tile method of a resin material separation according separating the resin component consisting strike layer.
[0015]
( 9 ) The wind power separation device used in the second wind power separation process is horizontal so that a circular plate is placed in a vertical cylindrical separation tower with a vacuum suction port at the top and an air supply port at the bottom, with a ventilation gap around it. A fiber for carrying a pulverized tile carpet pulverized with a swing hammer crusher by an air transport pipe to the center of the circular plate and dropping the pulverized material from the peripheral edge of the circular plate and forming a surface pile layer After the dust separation device in which the components are introduced from the air supply port and placed on the air flow rising in the separation tower and sucked into the vacuum suction port, the dust is arranged horizontally and surrounded by the periphery except for the outlet side. It consists of a flat rocking dish with a frame standing up, and an opening is provided on the bottom surface on the outlet side, and a net that covers the opening and has a predetermined mesh is disposed in the opening, and moves back and forth toward the outlet side. Before being supplied It consists of a rocking dish that sequentially sends the pulverized product to the front side, a blower that blows air from the lower side to the opening, and a suction duct that is provided with a vacuum suction port that is opposed to and spaced above the net for a predetermined interval, A dust separation device that sucks the fiber component in the mixture discharged through the upper surface of the net along with the back and forth movement of the rocking dish together with the air blown up by the blower by vacuum suction is connected in series. (1), wherein the fibrous component forming the surface pile layer of the tile carpet is separated from the resin component comprising the resin backing layer by (1), ( 7 )as well as( 8 One of In The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
( 10 And a dust separation device in which a substantially lower half of the separation tower in the dust separation device is formed in a funnel shape, and a circular plate is suspended and supported in the separation tower so as to be movable up and down. It is characterized by ( 7 Or 9 ) The tile carpet resin material separation method described.
[0016]
( 11 ) In the dust separation device, a dust separation device is used, in which several types of nets having different mesh sizes are formed, and these can be exchangeably disposed in the opening. 8 Or 9 ) The tile carpet resin material separation method described.
( 12 ) In the dust separation device, the dust separation device is characterized in that the vacuum suction port can be moved up and down so that the distance from the net can be freely changed ( 8 ), ( 9 )as well as( 11 One of In The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
( 13 ) With surface pile layer Made of vinyl chloride resin Fiber layer component for forming a surface pile layer of tile carpet having a resin backing layer The In the tile carpet resin material separation method for recovering a substantially separated resin backing layer as a resin material, the resin component recovered in the second wind separation process is subjected to specific gravity separation by a specific gravity separator (1) ~ ( 12 One of In The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
( 14 ) With surface pile layer Made of vinyl chloride resin Fiber layer component for forming a surface pile layer of tile carpet having a resin backing layer The In the tile carpet resin material separation method for recovering a substantially separated resin backing layer as a resin material, a resin pulverized material recovered in the second wind separation process or a resin recovered material recovered by specific gravity separation of the resin pulverized material is collected. And (1) to (1) characterized by further screening through a sieve. 13 One of In The resin material separation method of the tile carpet as described.
[0017]
( 15 ) Use of a sieve having a sieve opening of 1 mm or more and 7 mm or less used in the sieve selection step ( 14 ) The tile carpet resin material separation method described.
( 16 ) With surface pile layer Made of vinyl chloride resin Fiber layer component for forming a surface pile layer of tile carpet having a resin backing layer The A substantially separated resin backing layer is recovered as a resin material. (1)-(15) Either In A tile resin recovered resin material separated by the described separation method.
[0018]
In the present invention, the product shape of the tile carpet that is the object to be treated is, for example, 50 cm × 50 cm, the thickness is about 6 mm, and the surface pile layer and the resin backing layer have substantially the same thickness. Is preferably about 14%.
[0019]
The tile carpet used in the present invention includes cutting edge scraps generated at the time of carpet manufacture and waste discarded at the time of renewal, and is backed by a backing material made of a thermoplastic resin such as polyvinyl chloride. is there. Nylon filaments, polypropylene filaments, wool, acrylics, and polyester filaments are used as the fiber material for the surface pile layer. Among them, nylon filaments account for 75% or more. As materials constituting the resin backing layer, there are vinyl chloride resin, bitumen, polyurethane resin, polyolefin resin, and the like. In tile carpets manufactured in Japan, vinyl chloride resin accounts for 97% (1998). In tile carpets with a resin backing layer made of vinyl chloride resin, if the fiber components that form the surface pile layer are separated accurately, the recovered resin is vinyl chloride resin, so the processability is high and Therefore, its utility value is high.
[0020]
In the first pulverization step of the tile carpet resin material separation method of the present invention, the tile carpet can be easily pulverized by using a shearing pulverizer. The shear type pulverizer used in the present invention is shown in FIG. 3 and will be described below. For example, when a tile carpet is pulverized by this shear type pulverizer, the fiber layer forming the surface pile layer is also cut, The pulverized tile carpet is collected. When the tile carpet is pulverized by a shearing pulverizer, the shearing pulverizer is usually provided with a screen made of punching metal or a lattice, and by selecting an opening diameter of the screen, the desired particle size is pulverized. Things can be recovered.
[0021]
Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the cutting edges of the rotary blade and the fixed blade of the shear type pulverizer used in the first pulverization process to be 0.4 mm or more and 3 mm or less, preferably 0.7 mm or more and 2 mm or less, which will be described later. Thus, the separation property of the fiber component in the first wind separation process is improved, and as a result, the separation level of the fiber component in the finally recovered resin is improved. This is because the tile carpet surface pile layer is planted on the resin backing layer, and when the tile carpet is pulverized with a normal shearing pulverizer, the fiber component implanted on the resin surface is cut and the pulverized material is removed. To be recovered. On the other hand, when pulverizing using a shearing pulverizer that adjusts the distance between the rotary blade of the shearing pulverizer and the fixed blade, the cutting action of the fiber component between the pulverizing blades is reduced, and the resin component and fiber component rotate. Before the fiber component is cut by being caught by the blade, the resin component is scraped off from the fiber component, or the fiber component is pulled out from the resin component to be separated, and the separation accuracy is improved.
[0022]
As a method of adjusting the distance between the cutting edges of the rotary blade and the fixed blade of the shearing pulverizer, the cutting edge of the rotating blade and / or the fixed blade may be scraped off with a file or the like. In this case, the level at which the cutting edge of the rotary blade and / or the fixed blade is scraped off is preferably a level at which the fiber is difficult to cut and the resin component can be pulverized, and the distance between the rotary blade and the fixed blade is 0.4 mm or more and 3 mm. In the following, preferably, the clearance is adjusted by cutting with a file or the like so that the thickness is 0.7 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less, or the distance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade in a normal shearing pulverizer is changed. Is done. When scraping off the grinding blade with a file, it is possible to scrape both the fixed blade and the rotary blade or only one of them, but usually the clearance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade is about 0.3 mm. When both of the cutting edges are scraped off, the cutting allowance is 0.05 mm or more and 1.35 mm or less, but the separation of the fiber components contained in the finally recovered resin pulverized product and the pulverization efficiency of the tile carpet Therefore, 0.2 mm to 1 mm is preferable. Moreover, it is also possible to use a rotary blade and a fixed blade that are not provided with a cutting blade instead of cutting the blade of the rotary blade and / or the fixed blade.
[0023]
When the tile carpet is pulverized using a shearing pulverizer in which the cutting edges of the rotary blade and the fixed blade are cut, it is preferable to pulverize after roughly cutting in advance. The size of rough cutting is 1 cm or more and 5 cm or less, preferably 2 cm or more and 3 cm or less. Further, the shearing pulverizer is provided with a screen made of punching metal or a lattice for regulating the size of the pulverized pulverized product, and the particle size of the pulverized product is 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or more and 10 mm. The following pulverization is preferable from the viewpoint of the separation efficiency of the fiber component.
[0024]
The crusher used in the second crushing step of the tile carpet resin material separation method of the present invention is a swing hammer crusher that rotates and crushes a rotary blade made of a hammer as will be described later. In this swing hammer crusher, a plurality of hammers installed on the circumference of a rotary shaft are driven to rotate by the rotation of the rotary shaft, the workpiece is impacted and crushed by the impact force. One.
[0025]
According to the Construction Industry Research Committee, “Waste Treatment / Recycling Technology Handbook” edited by the Waste Processing / Recycling Technology Handbook Editorial Committee, the hammer crusher has a horizontal ring hammer crusher, a horizontal swing hammer crusher, and a saddle type ring. Four types of hammer crushers are described: a hammer crusher and a saddle type swing hammer crusher. Among them, a swing hammer crusher is used in the present invention. Furthermore, the horizontal swing hammer crusher is the most preferable among the swing hammer crushers.
[0026]
In the ring hammer crusher, the object to be treated in the present invention is compared with the swing hammer crusher used in the present invention because the ring hammer crushes and crushes by crushing the object to be processed by the ring hammer onto the screen. In the case of pulverization, the effect that the fiber component planted on the resin backing material is beaten and separated from the resin backing material is reduced. Further, as described above, the horizontal swing hammer crusher is the most preferable among the swing hammer crushers, and the rotary shaft is rotated by centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotary shaft. Is opened in the vertical direction and rotationally driven to give an impact to the object to be processed and pulverized by the impact force.
[0027]
The impact hammer of the horizontal swing hammer crusher has a plate-like shape in which a plurality of impact hammers are each fixed around an axis parallel to the axial direction of a rotating body that is driven to rotate by a motor. In addition, one of these plurality of impact hammers or a set of two or more impact hammers, each having a plane direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating body and arranged at a predetermined interval from each other It is preferable to use it. When using a pair of impact hammers, if the impact hammers are placed on one impact hammer so that the two impact hammers are not intimately bonded, the cross-sectional area that gives impact is 2 The impact frequency applied to the pulverized tile carpet can be increased as compared with the use of a single plate-shaped impact hammer having a cross-sectional area of one sheet. The distance between the two impact hammers is preferably selected in accordance with the size of the workpiece to be supplied and the capacity of the crusher. For example, when using a horizontal swing hammer crusher having a power of 11 KW, it is 5 mm to 10 mm. It is preferable to set the following level.
[0028]
By setting a screen made of punching metal or a lattice to the lower part of the horizontal swing hammer crusher, the object to be processed is repeatedly pulverized until it reaches a particle size passing through the opening, and is discharged through the opening. Since the rotating blade of a swing hammer crusher is not fixed with one end suspended on a rotating pole, when a material (tile carpet pulverized product) is added and pulverized, it is a cotton-like product made up of pulverized tile carpet and fiber components. When dust is caught on the rotary blade and a load is applied, the rotary blade escapes and it is difficult to apply a load exceeding the allowable load. Thus, when the tile carpet is pulverized to separate the fiber component, the horizontal swing hammer crusher among the four types of hammer crushers is most effective. Among horizontal swing hammer crushers, the Balts-type crusher is one of the models that implements the present invention because it is easy to change and change the blade shape to the optimum one, and the blade rotation speed is high. It is suitable for.
[0029]
In particular, the horizontal swing hammer crusher is usually characterized by the fact that a screen is usually installed and a rotating blade made of a hammer is rotated and pulverized at a high speed, so that the impact frequency of the hammer crusher on the workpiece is high. is there. When the rotation speed is 1000 rpm or more and 1800 rpm or less, the grinding efficiency is high, which is a desirable mode. When a horizontal swing hammer crusher is used, the size of the pulverized product can be controlled by the opening diameter of the screen, and the residence time of the object to be processed can be controlled.
[0030]
That is, when the tile carpet is crushed with a horizontal swing hammer crusher, the fiber lining and the resin are crushed by hitting the resin backing material in which the fiber component is implanted by impacting the object to be treated with a rotary blade made of hammer. It is characterized in that the resin component of the backing layer can be efficiently separated.
[0031]
In the horizontal swing hammer crusher of the present invention, a suction air duct is provided in a predetermined portion thereof, for example, inside the pulverizer 6 where the pulverized pulverized material falls through the opening of the screen 9 as shown in FIG. By sucking the inside of this horizontal swing hammer crusher from the suction air duct connected to the blower, the pulverized tile carpet generated by pulverization can be collected by suction, and further passed through a screen made of lattice or punching metal. By improving the passing speed of the pulverized material to be sucked by the suction duct, it is possible to improve the processing speed and to have an action of preventing clogging and adhesion of the processing object inside the pulverizer.
[0032]
By the way, in the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step of the present invention, when the tile carpet is pulverized in two stages by using only a shearing pulverizer and reducing the opening diameter of the screen, as described above. In addition, the resin component of the resin backing layer of the tile carpet is pulverized, and the fiber component forming the surface pile layer is cut and recovered as a pulverized product with the fiber component embedded in the resin backing layer. It was difficult to separate the fiber component and the resin component, no matter how they were combined with the wind separator, sieve separator and specific gravity separator.
[0033]
On the other hand, if the tile carpet is pulverized with a swing hammer crusher without using a shearing pulverizer in advance, the fiber components are entangled with the rotary blades and stored inside the pulverizer, and a load is applied during the operation of the swing hammer crusher. There was a problem of not going up. In addition, even when using a swing hammer crusher that is pulverized by hitting a carpet tile with the impeller described above, the fiber component forming the surface pile layer is unraveled and part of the resin component is separated from the fiber component. Although separated, the cotton-like fiber component is not cut, and the resin and the fiber component are entangled with each other, making it difficult to separate them.
[0034]
On the other hand, when the pulverized product obtained by previously pulverizing the tile carpet with the shearing type pulverizer is pulverized with the swing hammer crusher, the fiber component is finely cut with the shearing type pulverizer. The problem that the fiber component accumulates inside the swing hammer crusher and is not discharged is less likely to occur.
[0035]
The tile carpet can be pulverized by using a shearing pulverizer equipped with a screen made of punching metal or a lattice that regulates the size of the pulverized product. It is preferable to grind to a particle size of 5 mm to 20 mm, preferably 5 mm to 10 mm. When the particle size of the pulverized product is 20 mm or more, as described above, the fiber component of the tile carpet is easily stored on the upper part of the screen in the second pulverization step, the load on the pulverizer increases, and the pulverization efficiency decreases. The problem arises. On the other hand, if it is less than 5 mm, the pulverization efficiency decreases.
[0036]
Further, when the particle size of the pulverized product is selected to be larger than 10 mm, in the second pulverizing step, the fiber component deposited on the upper part of the screen of the horizontal swing hammer crusher is sucked and collected inside the hammer crusher. As a blower for sucking from the connected suction air duct, for example, a high-capacity facility such as a roots blower having a pressure of 1000 mmAq or more is required. Therefore, it is preferable to select the particle size of the pulverized product to be 5 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and as a result, the fiber component of the tile carpet is prevented from being entangled with the rotary blade of the pulverizer or accumulated on the upper part of the screen. The pulverized tile carpet can be easily recovered, and the fiber component is sufficiently separated from the resin component in the process of being pulverized by the horizontal swing hammer crusher.
[0037]
In addition, when the pulverized product pulverized by a shearing type pulverizer is pulverized by a horizontal swing hammer crusher, a screen made of punching metal or a lattice for regulating the size of the pulverized product is installed, and the particle size of the pulverized product is 2 mm or more. It is desirable to grind to 7 mm or less, preferably 3 mm to 7 mm. This is because when the particle size of the pulverized product is less than 2 mm, a large amount of fine powder is generated, and the recovery rate of the resin pulverized product is remarkably reduced. This is because the separability is impaired. Adjustment of the particle size of the pulverized product is achieved by selecting the size of the opening of the screen installed in the pulverizer. Since efficiency decreases, it is preferable to pulverize the pulverized material collected in the second pulverization step by selecting an opening diameter of the screen so that the particle diameter is 3 mm or more and 7 mm or less.
[0038]
In addition, in the rough cutting of tile carpet, the first pulverization process with a shearing type pulverizer, and the second pulverization process with a horizontal swing hammer mark lasher, the screen is sequentially applied so that the particle size of the pulverized tile carpet becomes finer. It is preferable to select and pulverize, since the separability of cotton-like dust composed of fiber components is improved.
[0039]
As a wind power separation apparatus used in the first wind separation process and the second wind separation process of the tile carpet resin material separation method of the present invention, a known wind separation apparatus can be used. It is preferable to use a dust separator (hereinafter referred to as a dust separator 39 (A)) shown in FIG. Moreover, the wind-power separator used for a 2nd wind-power separation process is Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-37663 or Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-02738 (Hereinafter, it describes as the dust separator 39 (B), but it mentions later for details.). It is desirable to use the dust separator shown and one in which both are arranged in series.
[0040]
Most of known wind power separating apparatuses that are generally used are applied and used as dry-type apparatuses having a classifier mechanism. According to the section of the air classifier in the “Handbook of Powder Equipment and Equipment” published by Nikkan Kogyo Co., Ltd., the classifiers are classified into three categories: gravity classification, inertia classification, and centrifugal classification. Various models are shown. Horizontal flow type, vertical flow type, zigzag type as gravity classification, linear type, curved type, louver type as inertial classification, cyclone, phanton gellen, clacyclon, dispersion, separator, microplex as centrifugal classification, A centrifugal classifier with rotating blades is also shown as a centrifugal classifier.
[0041]
The above-described dust separation device is a wind separation device developed for the purpose of separating a mixture of crushing chips and cotton-like dust that can be obtained by crushing waste such as automobile interior materials. The dust separation device 39 (A) horizontally supports a circular plate in a vertical cylindrical separation tower having a vacuum suction port at the top and an air supply port at the bottom so that a ventilation gap exists around the circular plate. A pulverized tile carpet made of a mixture of a fiber component forming a surface pile layer and a resin component consisting of a resin backing layer is brought into the center of the circular plate by an air transport pipe, and the pulverized resin component is transferred to the circular plate. The fiber component that forms the surface pile layer that is crushed and dropped from the peripheral edge of the glass is sucked into the vacuum suction port through the air replenishment port, placed on the air stream rising in the separation tower.
[0042]
Furthermore, the dust separation device 39 (A) can adjust the ventilation gap by forming a substantially lower half of the separation tower in a funnel shape and by supporting a circular plate suspended vertically in the separation tower. It is characterized by that. Moreover, it is a wind power separation apparatus suitable for separating cotton dusts efficiently and continuously at a separation level in which cotton dusts consisting of a slight amount of fiber components are mixed in the pulverized resin.
[0043]
After the tile carpet cut product is pulverized by a shearing type pulverizer, the fiber component that forms the surface pile layer is separated by wind in the first wind separation process in the first wind separation process. Reduces problems during pulverization with swing hammer crushers that are pulverized in the two pulverization processes, i.e., the problem that fiber components accumulate inside the swing hammer crusher and are not discharged due to being entangled with the rotary blade Separation efficiency is improved by impact-pulverizing the resin recovered material from which the cotton-like trash is separated. The resin pulverized product introduced into a swing hammer crusher with a suction air duct connected to the inside and impact pulverized is further separated into a fiber-like cotton component that forms a surface pile layer in the second wind separation process. The
[0044]
In the second wind separation process, when the dust separation device 39 (A) and the dust separation device 39 (B) are connected in series and used, the pulverized material is made of a resin backing layer recovered from the dust separation device 39 (A). The pulverized material is sequentially sent to the outlet side by being received and swung in the dust pan of the dust separator 39 (B). During this time, the cotton-like material that adheres to the outer surface of the pulverized product and cannot be removed by the separation tower is removed by rubbing the pulverized products adjacent to each other. In this way, when reaching the upper surface of the net, light cotton-like trash is blown up from the lower side and pushed by the rising air stream, and is sucked into the vacuum suction port, while the pulverized material is discharged without flying up because it is heavy. By this operation, the resin pulverized product made of the resin backing layer of the tile carpet is further increased in purity.
[0045]
The distance between the vacuum suction port and the net or the size of the net is appropriately set to a predetermined amount so that the resin pulverized product and the fiber component can be efficiently separated by the pulverized product of the tile carpet. . The dust separator 39 (B) is generally used in combination with a separation tower (dust separator 39 (A)) in series, but depending on the state of the pulverized product, the dust separator 39 (B) alone is used. It is also possible to use it.
[0046]
As a method for improving the separation accuracy of the resin component composed of the fiber component and the resin backing layer that forms the surface pile layer of the tile carpet, the resin pulverized product recovered from the dust separation device may be separated by a specific gravity using a specific gravity separator. This is effective for improving the separation accuracy from the fiber component.
[0047]
FIG. 11 shows a principle diagram of a specific gravity separator used in the present invention. According to the "Waste Treatment and Recycling Technology Handbook" published by the Construction Industry Research Council, research and development is being carried out as a method for sorting waste by using air instead of water in general. . In this apparatus, when materials having different specific gravity are put into an air flow close to their terminal velocity, the light specific gravity material forms a layer in the upper layer, and the heavy specific gravity material forms a layer in the lower layer. It is a mechanism that gives vibration to the lowermost screen without disturbing these layers, and separates and classifies according to the difference between the floating state due to the difference in specific gravity and the relationship due to vibration. The specific gravity is moved to the inclined upper part 106, and the light specific gravity is moved to the inclined lower part 105 to take out and separate each substance.
[0048]
When the pulverized product of tile carpet collected from the dust separator is processed by a specific gravity separator, the resin component comprising the resin backing layer is moved to the sloped upper portion 106 as a heavy specific gravity material and recovered to form a surface pile layer. A part of the fiber component, which is partly light-weighted to the inclined lower portion 105 and flocculent, is blown up into an air stream and separated. Since most of the fiber components are blown up by the airflow, the fiber components can be separated and recovered by installing a suction air duct connected to a dust collector at the top of the inclined screen, and the work environment is clean. Therefore, it is preferable.
[0049]
Moreover, the separation precision with a fiber component can also be improved by carrying out the sieve selection of the resin ground material collect | recovered from the said dust separator, or the resin ground material isolate | separated and collect | recovered with the said specific gravity separator. The opening of the sieve is 1 mm or more and 7 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 7 mm or less. By sorting with a sieve, the fiber components are entangled and remain on the sieve, and the resin pulverized product passes through the sieve and is collected under the sieve.
[0050]
Furthermore, in order to improve the separation accuracy of the fiber component that forms the surface pile layer of the tile carpet and the resin component consisting of the resin backing layer, it is also effective to repeatedly perform grinding with a swing hammer crusher and wind separation with a dust separator. is there. When repeatedly pulverizing the resin component of the tile carpet with a swing hammer crusher, the resin component can be retained on the screen of the swing hammer crusher by changing the screen to a small opening diameter installed in the pulverizer. The separation accuracy can be improved by giving an impact by the rotary blade to the pulverized resin again to separate the attached fiber component.
[0051]
By the way, the glass fiber is used for the tile carpet in order to ensure the dimensional stability as a product. Therefore, since dust and fiber component dust generated during crushing contains glass fiber, each process is connected to a suction air duct and transports the crushed tile carpet using a transport blower so as not to contaminate the work environment. It is preferable to perform the processing in a closed system. Further, it is more preferable that the exhausted air is provided with a dust collecting device and collects dust through the dust collecting device. That is, in order to keep the working environment clean, the suction air duct connected to the blower is installed above the separation point, and the dust is collected by connecting to the dust collector. preferable. In addition, the coarsely pulverized tile carpet and the pulverized tile carpet pulverized by the shearing pulverizer can be continuously processed by using a belt conveyor or pneumatic transport method in the next process. Become. Of the two transport methods, the method using a belt conveyor is advantageous in terms of equipment costs.
[0052]
The resin recovered by the resin material separation method for tile carpet of the present invention can be improved in processability by adding various stabilizers, lubricants and processability improvers when recycled and used, for example, a sound insulation sheet. It is preferable to adjust the processability of the recovered resin in accordance with the use for recycling such as tile carpets and flooring materials.
[0053]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in more detail below.
[0054]
The object to be treated of the present invention is a tile carpet, and mainly used scraps and scraps generated during the production of the tile carpet. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, the end material of the tile carpet is a general-purpose crusher capable of crushing a vinyl chloride resin molded product to a size of 1 cm to 5 cm, preferably 2 cm to 3 cm. And then roughly cut. Next, using a uniaxial shearing type pulverizer manufactured by Sanriki Seisakusho with a screen made of punching metal or a lattice, the tile carpet rough cut 3a is made to have a size of 5 mm to 20 mm, preferably 5 mm to 10 mm. The resin was pulverized to recover the resin pulverized product 3b. The pulverized product 3b is pneumatically transported to a dust separation device 39 (A) to separate a fiber component and a resin component, and then is 2 mm or more and 7 mm or less by a horizontal swing hammer crusher 1 provided with a screen made of punching metal or a lattice. The powder was pulverized to a particle size of preferably 3 mm or more and 7 mm or less. Further, after the pulverized product is separated from the pulverized product by the dust separator 39 (A), the fiber is separated by the dust separator 39 (B) installed at the lower part of the separation tower 22 of the dust separator 39 (A). The components were separated from the pulverized product, and the tile carpet pulverized product 5c was recovered.
[0055]
As the uniaxial shear type pulverizer 17, there are known a rotary blade having three blades and a four blade, but FIG. 3 shows an example of three blades. A screen 9 made of punching metal or a lattice for restricting the size of the pulverized product is installed at the lower part, and further, fibers are cut at the tip 16a of the rotary blade and / or the tip 16b of the fixed blade in the uniaxial shear type pulverizer. It is difficult and the resin content is scraped off to a pulverizable level, and the edge between the rotary blade 15 and the fixed blade 14 is 0.4 mm or more and 3 mm or less, preferably 0.7 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. It grind | pulverized with the uniaxial shearing-type grinder which set the space | interval. When the rotary blade 15 and / or the fixed blade 14 are scraped off, the fiber component forming the surface pile layer implanted in the resin backing layer of the tile carpet has a reduced cutting action between the crushing blades, and the resin component and Before the fiber component is caught by the rotating blade and cut, the resin component is scraped off from the fiber component or the fiber component is pulled out from the resin component and separated, improving the separation accuracy. is there.
[0056]
FIG. 2 shows a fiber constituting a tile carpet by pulverizing a roughly cut piece of a tile carpet to be treated according to the present invention with a uniaxial shearing pulverizer and separating the wind with a dust separation device 39 (A). It is a systematic diagram which shows the separation method which isolate | separates a component and collect | recovers resin ground materials. Roughly cut tile carpet 3 a is introduced from the inlet 18 of the uniaxial shearing pulverizer 17 until it is smaller than or the same size as the opening of the screen 9 installed in the uniaxial shearing pulverizer 17. It is sheared and crushed, passes through the opening of the screen, and is discharged to the tray 19. The pulverized pulverized product 3b is introduced into the separation tower 22 of the dust separation device 39 (A) through the suction air duct 4 by the transport fan motor 21 and separated into wind. As shown in the longitudinal sectional view of the dust separation device 39 (A) in FIG. 4, the separation tower 22 has a vertical cylindrical shape having a funnel-like lower half, and a vacuum suction port 32 is provided on the upper portion thereof. An air supply port 34 is provided in the lower part. 31 is a handle shaft rotatably supported in the separation tower 22 by a bearing 31a, 36 is a handle formed at the outer end of the handle shaft, and 37 is a suspended chain having one end wound around the handle shaft 31. It is. Reference numeral 33 denotes a circular plate suspended and supported by the suspension chain, whereby the circular plate 33 is horizontally supported at the center in the separation tower 22 so that a passage gap 35 exists around the circular plate 33. Then, the front end opening 38 of the air transport pipe 20 faces downward in the separation tower 22 and is opposed to the center of the circular plate 33. Reference numeral 26 denotes a resin pulverized material collection box disposed below the air supply port 34.
[0057]
In FIG. 2, 25 is a fan in which the suction side duct 24 is connected to the vacuum suction port 32 at the top of the separation tower 22, 29 is a cyclone separator provided on the blowing side of the fan 25, 40 is a lower chute of the cyclone separator 29, Reference numeral 27 denotes a bagging machine in which a dust bag 28 is set in a box 41. Reference numeral 30 denotes an air exhaust port at the top of the cyclone separator 29.
[0058]
In this apparatus, by operating the fan 25 and sucking the air in the separation tower 22 from the vacuum suction port 32, the air enters the separation tower through the air supply port as shown by the arrow in FIG. Ascending air flow is formed. Then, the resin pulverized product 3b transported by the air transport pipe 20 is carried into the central portion on the circular plate 33. Then, the cotton-like dust 13 made of light fiber components rises in the air flow, is sucked into the vacuum suction port 32, and sent to the cyclone separator 29. Further, since the resin pulverized product 5a in the pulverized product 3b is heavy, it falls from the peripheral edge of the circular plate 33 without flying up, slides down the inner wall surface of the separation tower and falls into the resin pulverized product recovery box 26.
[0059]
Further, in the cyclone separator 29, the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component sent together with the air is separated by the centrifugal separation action, and the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component is discharged into the dust bag 28 through the lower chute 40. The Then, the cylinder of the bagging machine 27 is operated so that the recovered fiber 23 made of the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component is compressed and packed into the dust bag 28.
[0060]
In this separation tower 22, the circular plate 33 suspended and supported by the suspension chain 37 can be moved up and down by operating the handle 36 and rotating the handle shaft 31, so that the size of the ventilation gap 35 can be adjusted. According to the size and specific gravity of the resin pulverized product 5a in the pulverized product 3b obtained by pulverizing the rough cut carpet, or the properties of the cotton-like dust 13 made of fiber components, both can be easily separated. An optimal ventilation gap 35 can be set. That is, by appropriately setting the ventilation gap 35, the speed of the air flow rising in the separation tower can be easily adjusted, so that the circular plate 33 can be seen while observing the state of the resin pulverized product 5a falling on the resin pulverized product recovery box 26. By always adjusting the height, a favorable separation state can be obtained.
[0061]
FIG. 5 shows that the recovered resin pulverized product 5a is further pulverized by a swing hammer crusher and wind-separated by the same operation as described above using a dust separation device 39 (A), and the fibers in the pulverized product. It is a systematic diagram which shows the separation method which isolate | separates a component and collect | recovers the resin ground material 5b.
[0062]
The coarsely cut tile carpet 3a is made into a pulverized product 3b with a uniaxial shearing pulverizer, and separated into wind with a dust separating device 39 (A) to form a tile carpet resin pulverized product 5a, and then a swing hammer crusher, preferably a horizontal swing. The mixture was crushed with a hammer crusher 1. As shown in FIG. 6, the resin pulverized product 5 a of the tile carpet is an impact hammer 8 made of a hammer that is suspended from a rotating body 7 that is rotated at a high speed after being introduced from the inlet 2 of the horizontal swing hammer crusher 1. It is shocked, cut into fine pieces and hit. The tile carpet resin pulverized product 5a is given an impact force until it becomes smaller than or equal to the opening of the screen 9 installed in the horizontal swing hammer crusher 1, and passes through the opening of the screen to be crushed. It is discharged into the machine interior 6. The pulverized material that has been pulverized passes through the air duct 4 for suction and is transported through the air transport pipe 20 to the dust separator 39 (A) by the transport blower 11. In the dust separator 39 (A), the pulverized resin is separated from the cotton-like dust 13 composed of fiber components, and the pulverized resin 5b is recovered from the lower portion of the dust separator 39 (A).
[0063]
As shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal swing hammer crusher 1 is provided with a rotating body 7 that rotates at high speed by a motor or the like on the input side 1a, and at the same time, the discharge side 1b is formed in a case shape. An inlet 2 for introducing raw materials is provided above the rotating body 7, and a semicircular screen made of a lattice or punching metal is provided below.
[0064]
The impact hammer 8 is arranged at right angles to the axial direction of the rotating body 7 and at a predetermined interval from each other, and the impact hammer 8 is a rotating body composed of a plurality of disks attached to a rotating shaft 10 that rotates at high speed. One of the impact hammers 8 is suspended around the axis of the four fixing poles 12 arranged so as to penetrate, and is fixed rotatably. As the shape of the hammer, it is possible to use a plate-like shape and a plurality of the hammers formed as a set and arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other.
[0065]
When the rotating body 7 is rotated at a high speed, the impact hammer 8 opens in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis due to the centrifugal force, and the impact hammer 8 shakes the ax blade against the workpiece to be crushed. It gives impact in the form of cutting and crushing. Using an ammeter as a detector for detecting the load applied to the horizontal swing hammer crusher 1 makes it easy to operate within the allowable load.
[0066]
The horizontal swing hammer crusher 1 is usually provided with a screen 9 made of a lattice or punching metal, and the particle diameter of the pulverized material collected is regulated by the opening diameter. The particle size of the pulverized product is 2 mm or more and 7 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 7 mm or less. When the particle size of the pulverized product is 2 mm or less, the amount of processing per hour is remarkably reduced and the fine powder is increased. It will decline. In addition, since the pulverization efficiency is reduced at 3 mm or less, it is preferable to pulverize to a particle size of 3 mm to 7 mm. The shape of each opening is most commonly a circle, but is not particularly limited, and may be an ellipse, a rectangle, or any other shape.
[0067]
The pulverized tile carpet processed by the horizontal swing hammer crusher 1 is directly connected to the dust separator 39 (B) or in the dust separator 39 (B) connected in series with the dust separator 39 (A). Wind power separated.
[0068]
The details of the dust separator 39 (B) will be described by taking as an example a method of connecting the dust separator 39 (B) in series to the dust separator 39 (A) and separating the wind force.
[0069]
As shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9, the dust separation device 39 (B) has side frames 43 erected on both sides of a vertically long rectangular base 42, and the air supply port 34 of the separation tower 22 is interposed therebetween. A swinging plate 44 that is positioned opposite is disposed horizontally. The rocking tray 44 is for storing the resin pulverized product 5b separated and discharged by the separation tower 22, and a rectangular flat plate main body 46 having a surrounding frame 45 erected on the periphery except for the outlet side E. Consists of. Both the left and right sides of the plate body 46 are also in the front-rear position, and the upper end is pivotally supported by the side frame 43, and the lower end of the connecting rod 47 that freely rotates in the vertical plane is pivotally supported. It can be moved. The plate body 46 is provided with a horizontally long opening 48 on the bottom surface on the outlet side E and a net 49 that covers the opening 48 and has a mesh of a predetermined size.
[0070]
The net 49 is stretched around a frame-like frame plate 50 that is larger than the opening 48, and has a mesh of a predetermined size (for example, 50 mesh). Several types of nets 49 having different mesh sizes are prepared according to the size of the pulverized resin. For this reason, an opening 48 is provided in the bottom surface of the plate main body 46, and a net 49 is disposed so as to be exchangeable there.
[0071]
A driving device 51 for swinging the swinging plate 44 substantially horizontally is provided outside the swinging plate 44. That is, a motor 53 with a speed reducer is disposed on the upper surface of the support plate 52 disposed between both side frames 43, and a large-diameter pulley 55 is attached to a drive shaft 54 of the motor 53 with a speed reducer. A crankshaft 56 is disposed on the upper surface of the support plate 52 by a bearing 57 so as to be substantially parallel to the drive shaft 54. A small-diameter pulley 59 connected to the large-diameter pulley 55 and the endless belt 58 is attached to one end thereof, and an L-shaped bent portion 56a is provided to the other end. Accordingly, when the crankshaft 56 is rotated by driving the motor 53 with a speed reducer, the bent portion 56a at the tip thereof is rotated, whereby the connecting rod 60 performs a linear motion in the front-rear direction, and accordingly the swinging plate 44 is rotated. Oscillates back and forth, and the resin pulverized material 5b stored in the oscillating plate 44 is sequentially sent to the front side.
[0072]
62 is a blower for ejecting air, and the front end portion of the air supply pipe 63 is inserted into an introduction pipe 65 projecting in communication with the rear surface of the ejection box 64 that covers the lower surface of the opening 48 in a sealed manner. . Thereby, the air from the blower 62 is blown upward through the mesh of the net 49 from the opening 64 a on the upper surface of the ejection box 64 through the air supply pipe 63. The pressure of the air is variously set according to the weight of the resin pulverized product 5b.
[0073]
A suction port portion 66 is disposed above the opening 48, that is, the net 49, so that a vacuum suction port 67 on the lower end opening surface is spaced apart from and disposed opposite to the suction port 68. is there. The suction port portion 66 is formed of a hollow box 69 having a wide lower portion, a vacuum suction port 67 at the lower end opening surface is formed to be slightly larger than the opening 48, and a suction duct 68 is connected to the rear surface.
[0074]
The suction port portion 66 moves up and down so that the distance between the vacuum suction port 67 and the net 49 can be freely changed, thereby separating the resin pulverized product 5c from the cotton-like dust 13 made of fiber components. It is set at a predetermined position so that it can be normally performed.
[0075]
The dust separator 39 (B) according to the present invention has the above-described configuration. Next, a method of using the dust separator 39 (B) to separate cotton dust made of fiber components from the pulverized tile carpet will be described. The resin pulverized product 5b recovered from the dust separation device 39 (A) may be remelted and reused as it is, but the resin pulverized product 5b has a slight level of several percent due to adhesion to the surface. The cotton-like garbage 13 which consists of a fiber component is mixed. In FIG. 7, the resin pulverized product 5 b from which the cotton-like dust composed of fiber components is separated in the separation tower 22 falls onto the rocking plate 44 and is stored on the rocking plate 44. The pulverized resin product 5b is sequentially sent to the outlet side E by the back-and-forth movement of the swinging plate 44 accompanying the drive of the motor 53 with a speed reducer. During this time, the pulverized resin products 5b rub against each other, and the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component adhering to the surface is unwound and dropped. In this way, when reaching the upper surface of the net 49 of the opening 48 on the outlet side E, the blower 62 blows up from below and is pushed by the rising air flow, so that the cotton-like dust 13 made of light fiber components rises and the vacuum suction port 67. Sucked into. On the other hand, the heavy resin pulverized material 5 c in the rocking tray 44 is discharged without rising, and is stored in the resin pulverized material recovery box 26 via the discharge chute 73.
[0076]
The resin pulverized product 5c thus obtained has a purity of almost 100%, which is higher than that of the resin pulverized product 5b separated by the separation tower 22. The resin pulverized product 5c can be melted and reused, and is regenerated and reused in the form of pelletized or pulverized product. When sucking through the suction port 66, fine and light resin pulverized material 5d is also sucked together with the cotton-like dust 13 made of fiber components, but these are sent to the mesh-like separation box 71 via the fan 70, where It is separated into cotton-like dust 13 made of a fiber component that is held in the mesh-like separation box 71 and the pulverized resin 5d that passes through and is stored in the storage tray 72. The resin pulverized product 5d is returned to the resin pulverized product recovery box 26.
[0077]
In the present embodiment, the dust separation device 39 (B) is arranged below the separation tower 22 of the dust separation device 39 (A), and the resin pulverized product 5 b separated by the separation tower 22 is separated again. However, the present invention is not limited to this combination. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the dust separator 39 (B) may be used alone, and further disposed below the cyclone separator 29. Then, the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component discharged from the cyclone separator 29 may be separated into the finer resin pulverized product 5d and the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component.
[0078]
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the pulverized product pulverized by the horizontal swing hammer crusher is separated by wind separation with a dust separation device 39 (A) and collected, and the resin pulverized product 5b is subjected to sieve selection or specific gravity separation to separate the pulverized resin product into fibers. Separation from the cotton-like dust 13 composed of the components can be performed with high accuracy.
[0079]
When the resin pulverized product 5b is screened, the opening of the screen used for screening is preferably 1 mm or more and 7 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 7 mm or less. The opening of the screen installed in the horizontal swing hammer crusher used for impact crushing It is more preferable to select according to the size.
[0080]
When the specific gravity separation of the resin pulverized product 5b is performed, a specific gravity separator manufactured by Nippon Senki Co., Ltd. is used as the dry specific gravity separation device shown in FIG. 11, and air fluid and vibration are caused to act on the resin pulverized product 5b of the tile carpet by inverter control. The resin pulverized product can be separated by using the heavy specific gravity material 106 and the cotton-like dust 13 made of the fiber component as the light specific gravity material 105 or by being blown off from the special screen 104 which is a separation surface on an air flow.
[0081]
By the way, normally, about 1% glass fiber is used for the tile carpet generally used in order to ensure the dimensional stability of the tile carpet. Therefore, if the air flow used in the dust separator as a wind separator or the air fluid used in the specific gravity separator is configured so that the suction air duct is installed and connected to the dust collector, it can be recovered. Since the mixed air fluid can be collected, it is more preferable.
[0082]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[0083]
Example 1
As a material, 10 kg of a tile carpet containing about 15% of a fiber component was used. After roughly cutting this to about 2 to 3 cm square, a screen made of punching metal with an opening diameter of 8 mm was installed on a single-shaft shearing pulverizer manufactured by Sanriki Manufacturing Co. The pulverized product having a particle diameter of about 8 mm was quantitatively recovered. The pulverized product is supplied to the dust separation device 39 (A) by an air transport blower and separated into wind power to separate the cotton-like dust composed of fiber components, and then the resin pulverized product is removed from the lower part of the separation tower of the dust separation device 39 (A). It was collected. Next, the resin pulverized product is pulverized by a horizontal swing hammer crusher (baltz-type pulverizer manufactured by Onoe Machinery Co., Ltd.) provided with a screen made of punched metal having an opening diameter of 5 mm, and the pulverized product drops and accumulates through the screen. A suction duct is connected to the lower part of the horizontal swing hammer crusher, and the pulverized material is supplied to the dust separator 39 (A) for wind separation, and the resin is crushed to fall and accumulate from the lower part of the separation tower of the dust separator 39 (A). The product was dropped directly on the rocking tray of the dust separator 39 (B) and further separated by wind, and the cotton dust consisting of fiber components was separated to recover the resin pulverized product. Cotton dust consisting of fiber components separated by the dust separator 39 (A) and the dust separator 39 (B) was collected in a dust collector through an exhaust blower.
7.8 kg of the resin pulverized product composed of the resin backing layer of the tile carpet was recovered, and the content of the fiber component in the pulverized product was 1% or less.
[0084]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the pulverized product pulverized by the horizontal swing hammer crusher was subjected to wind separation using a dust separator 39 (A), and the resin pulverized product falling and collected from the lower part of the separation tower was recovered. As a result of treating the recovered resin pulverized material with a vibrating screen having a sieve opening of 4 mm instead of treating with the dust separator 39 (B), a resin pulverized material comprising a 7.0 kg resin lining layer under the sieve is obtained. The content of the fiber component in the pulverized product was about 3%.
[0085]
(Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the pulverized product pulverized by the horizontal swing hammer crusher was subjected to wind separation using a dust separator 39 (A), and the resin pulverized product falling and collected from the lower part of the separation tower was recovered. Instead of processing the recovered resin pulverized material with the dust separator 39 (B), the air fluid was controlled by the inverter at a positive rotation of 38 Hz and vibrated and separated by a dry specific gravity separator, and the heavy fluid was separated. A resin pulverized product comprising a 7.3 kg resin backing layer on the specific gravity side was obtained, and the content of the fiber component in the pulverized product was about 1%.
[0086]
Example 4
Using 10 kg of the same tile carpet as in Example 1, this was roughly cut to about 2 to 3 cm square, and then the tip of the rotary blade was shaved with about 1 mm file. A screen made of a punching metal having an opening diameter of 5 mm was placed and pulverized, and a pulverized product having a particle diameter of about 8 mm was quantitatively recovered. The pulverized product is supplied to the dust separation device 39 (A) by an air transport blower and separated into wind power to separate the cotton-like dust composed of fiber components, and then the resin pulverized product is removed from the lower part of the separation tower of the dust separation device 39 (A). It was collected. Next, the resin pulverized product is pulverized by a horizontal swing hammer crusher (baltz-type pulverizer manufactured by Onoe Machinery Co., Ltd.) provided with a screen made of punched metal having an opening diameter of 5 mm, and the pulverized product drops and accumulates through the screen. A suction duct was connected to the lower part of the pulverizer, the pulverized product was transported to a cyclone separator, and the resin pulverized product was recovered from the lower part of the cyclone separator. Next, as a result of gradually supplying the recovered resin pulverized product to the rocking tray of the dust separator 39 (B) to separate the cotton-like dust composed of the fiber component, the resin pulverized material composed of 8.0 kg of the resin backing layer The content of the fiber component in the pulverized product was about 1%.
[0087]
(Comparative Example 1)
Using 10 kg of the same tile carpet as in Example 1 and roughly cutting to about 2 cm square, a screen made of punching metal with an opening diameter of 8 mm was applied to a uniaxial shearing pulverizer manufactured by Sanriki Seisakusho without cutting the rotary blade. It was installed and pulverized, and the pulverized product having a particle size of 8 mm was quantitatively recovered. After the collected tile carpet pulverized material is processed by the dust separator 39 (A), it is pulverized by a single-shaft shearing pulverizer manufactured by Sanriki Seisakusho, which does not scrape the rotary blade on which a screen made of punching metal having an opening diameter of 5 mm is installed. Then, a suction duct is connected to the lower part of the uniaxial shearing type pulverizer through which the pulverized material drops and accumulates through the screen, and the pulverized material is supplied to the dust separation device 39 (A) for wind separation, and the dust separation device 39. The resin pulverized product dropped and collected from the lower part of the separation tower in (A) was supplied to the dust separation device 39 (B) and further subjected to wind separation, and the cotton trash consisting of fiber components was separated to recover the resin pulverized product. Cotton dust consisting of fiber components separated by the dust separator 39 (A) and the dust separator 39 (B) was collected in a dust collector through an exhaust blower.
[0088]
In the recovered resin pulverized product, many of the fiber components forming the surface pile layer are attached to the resin backing layer, and the resin pulverized product in which the fiber layer is attached to the resin backing layer is recovered. It was. 65% of the fiber component was recovered while adhering to the resin backing layer.
[0089]
(Comparative Example 2)
10 kg of the same tile carpet as in Example 1 was roughly cut into about 2 cm square, and then the horizontal swing hammer crusher (Barutsu-type crusher manufactured by Onoe Machinery Co., Ltd.) which was the second crushing step without passing through the first crushing step. ) And a screen made of punched metal having an opening diameter of 8 mm was placed and pulverized. The horizontal swing hammer crusher uses a device configured to connect a suction air duct to the lower part of the pulverizer where the pulverized material falls and accumulates, suck it with a 2.2 KW blower, and collect the resin pulverized material with a cyclone separator. did. In this apparatus, after roughly pulverizing the tile carpet, the pulverizer was stopped and the inside of the pulverizer was observed. As a result, cotton dust consisting of fiber components was accumulated on the punching metal. The crushed resin was entangled in the garbage. If the cotton-like dust accumulated on the punching metal is not removed each time, it is difficult to continuously grind it.
[0090]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a tile carpet is formed with a fiber component that forms a surface pile layer. Made of vinyl chloride resin Resin backing layer of Since the resin component can be easily and accurately separated, the recovered resin component can be efficiently recycled. In addition, according to the tile carpet recycling method of the present invention, the limited use of carpet waste materials for recycling has been widened, and it is easy to make effective use.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a basic view of a method for recovering a resin pulverized product by pulverizing and wind-separating a tile carpet to be treated according to the present invention and separating fiber components forming a surface pile layer constituting the tile carpet. It is a systematic diagram which shows typically an example of a specific embodiment.
FIG. 2 shows a first pulverization step of pulverizing a tile carpet to be treated according to the present invention with a uniaxial shearing pulverizer, and then a first wind separation step of separating wind force to obtain a resin pulverized product. The system diagram which shows an example of the isolation | separation method to collect | recover.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic explanatory view showing an example of a configuration of a rotary blade and a fixed blade of a uniaxial shearing type pulverizer.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a separation tower of the dust separation device 39 (A).
FIG. 5 shows a second pulverization step of pulverizing a tile carpet to be treated according to the present invention with a horizontal swing hammer crusher and a second wind separation step of wind-separating cotton-like dust composed of fiber components; The systematic diagram which shows one example of the separation method which collect | recovers resin ground material.
FIG. 6 is a system diagram of pulverizing a tile carpet to be processed according to the present invention and pulverizing with a horizontal swing hammer crusher, and an explanatory diagram showing an example of an enlarged schematic of the horizontal swing hammer crusher.
FIG. 7 shows a dust separation device 39 (A) and a dust separation device 39 installed at the lower part of the separation tower of the dust separation device 39 (A) after pulverizing the resin resin of the tile carpet with a horizontal swing hammer crusher. The system diagram which shows an example of a structure of the separation apparatus which isolate | separates wind power in (B) and collect | recovers resin pulverized materials.
FIG. 8 is a front sectional view of an example of a dust separation device 39 (B).
FIG. 9 is a plan view of an example of a dust separation device 39 (B).
FIG. 10 is another basic embodiment of a method for crushing tile carpet to be treated according to the present invention, separating the wind force, separating fiber components constituting the tile carpet, and recovering a resin pulverized product. It is a systematic diagram which shows typically an example of these.
FIG. 11 is a schematic principle diagram showing an example of a specific gravity separator.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Horizontal swing hammer crusher
1a Impact crusher
1b Crushed material recovery section
2 slot
3a Roughly cut tile carpet
3b Tile carpet ground product
4 Air duct for suction
5a Tile carpet resin pulverized product
5b Tile carpet resin pulverized product
5c Tile carpet resin pulverized product
5d tile carpet resin pulverized product
6 Inside the crusher
7 Rotating body
8 Impact hammer
9 screens
10 Rotating shaft
11 Transport blower
12 Impact hammer suspension
13 Pulverized tile carpet fiber layer (cotton-like waste)
14 Fixed blade
15 Rotating blade
16a Rotating blade edge
16b Fixed blade edge
17 Uniaxial shearing pulverizer
18 slot
19 Crushing material collection tray
20 Pneumatic transport pipe
21 Transportation fan motor
22 Wind separation tower
26 Crushed material collection box
29 Cyclone separator
32 Vacuum suction port
33 circular plate
35 Ventilation gap
36 Handle
37 Suspended chain
38 Tip opening
39 Dust separator
39 (A) Dust separator
39 (B) Dust separator
44 Oscillating pan
45 frame
46 Plate body
48 opening
49 Net
62 Blower
67 Vacuum suction port
68 Suction duct
E Exit side
101 Blower
102 Rectifier grid
103 Multi-ventilation mechanism
104 Special screen
105 Light specific gravity (○)
106 Heavy specific gravity (●)
107 Vibration direction

Claims (16)

A tile carpet resin material separation method for recovering, as a resin material, a tile backing composed of at least a surface pile layer and a resin backing layer made of a vinyl chloride resin, and collecting the resin backing layer from which fiber components forming the surface pile layer are substantially separated. There,
A first pulverization step in which the tile carpet is pulverized by a shearing pulverizer to obtain a pulverized product having a particle size of 5 mm to 20 mm ;
A first wind separation step of winnowing the winnowing apparatus fiber component contained in the pulverized material,
Using a swing hammer crusher in which a screen made of punching metal or a lattice is installed in the main body between the inlet and outlet, and a rotary blade made of an impact hammer is provided between the screen and the inlet. by introducing the pulverized resin prepared by the winnowing mouth successively pulverized by an impact force of the rotary blade, sequentially discharged via the suction duct the particle size passing through the screen openings is 2mm or more 7mm or less pulverized a second pulverization step of,
A second wind separation step of separating the pulverized material with a wind separation device ;
A method for separating a resin material of a tile carpet, comprising: Before pulverizing the carpet tiles in the first pulverization step, advance, according to claim 1 Carpet Tile method of a resin material separation, wherein the keep cut the size of the cut material below 5cm above 1 cm. 3. The tile carpet according to claim 1, wherein the interval between the rotary blade and the fixed blade of the shearing pulverizer used in the first pulverization step is adjusted to be 0.4 mm or more and 3 mm or less. Resin material separation method. In order to adjust the blade spacing of the rotary blade and the fixed blade of the shearing pulverizer, any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that to adjust scraped off the cutting edge of the rotary blade and / or the fixed blade 2. The method for separating resin material of tile carpet according to 1.   2. The tile carpet resin material separation method according to claim 1, wherein the swing hammer crusher is a horizontal swing hammer crusher. A plurality of impact hammers, each of which is rotatably fixed around an axis parallel to the axial direction of the rotating body of the horizontal swing hammer crusher, are each formed into a plate shape, and each of the plurality of impact hammers is a single sheet. Or, two or more sheets are made into one set, and the surface direction of each plate-like impact hammer is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating body, and is arranged at a predetermined interval from each other. The method for separating a resin material of a tile carpet according to claim 5 .   The wind separation device used in the first wind separation process and the second wind separation process has a circular plate in a vertical cylindrical separation tower with a vacuum suction port at the top and an air supply port at the bottom. The tile carpet pulverized product is crushed by a shearing pulverizer or a swing hammer crusher by an air transport pipe at the center of the circular plate, and the pulverized product is introduced from the peripheral portion of the circular plate. The dust separator is a dust separator that drops and forms a surface pile layer into the vacuum suction port by placing the fiber component into the air replenishing port and placing it on the air flow rising in the separation tower. 2. The method for separating a resin material of a tile carpet according to 1.   The wind force separation device used in the second wind force separation step is a flat plate-like rocking dish that is horizontally arranged and has a surrounding frame except for the outlet side, and has an opening on the bottom surface of the outlet side. A swing plate that covers the opening and has a predetermined mesh is disposed in the opening, and sequentially feeds the pulverized material supplied by moving back and forth to the outlet side, and the opening to the opening from below A mixture which is composed of a blower for blowing air and a suction duct provided with a vacuum suction port positioned above and separated from the net by a predetermined distance, and passes through the top surface of the net as the rocking plate moves back and forth. A dust separation device that sucks the fiber component therein together with the air blown up by the blower by vacuum suction, and the dust separation device uses the fiber component and the resin back to form the surface pile layer of the tile carpet. Resin material separation method of the tile carpet according to claim 1, wherein the separating the resin component consisting of Chi layer. The wind power separation device used in the second wind power separation process is horizontal so that there is a circular plate in the vertical cylindrical separation tower with a vacuum suction port at the top and an air supply port at the bottom so that there is a ventilation gap around it. A fiber component that supports and loads a pulverized tile carpet pulverized with a swing hammer crusher by an air transport pipe into the center of the circular plate, and drops the pulverized material from the peripheral edge of the circular plate and forms a surface pile layer. After the dust separation device is placed on the air flow that enters the air replenishment port and is sucked into the vacuum suction port by the air flow that rises in the separation tower, it is further horizontally arranged and the frame around the periphery except for the outlet side Is provided with an opening on the bottom surface on the outlet side, and a net that covers the opening and has a predetermined mesh is disposed in the opening, and is moved back and forth to the outlet side for supply. Said said Comprising a rocking dish for sequentially sending crushed material to the front side, a blower for blowing air from the lower side to the opening, and a suction duct provided with a vacuum suction port positioned above and separated from the net by a predetermined distance. By connecting in series the dust separation device that sucks the fiber component in the mixture discharged through the upper surface of the net along with the back and forth movement of the rocking dish together with the air blown up by the blower by vacuum suction. claim 1, resin tile carpet according to any one of claims 7 and claim 8, the fibrous component forming the surface pile layer of the carpet tile and separating a resin component consisting of a resin backing layer Material separation method. In the dust separation device, a dust separation device in which a substantially lower half portion of a separation tower is formed in a funnel shape and a circular plate is suspended and supported in the separation tower so as to be movable up and down so that a ventilation gap can be adjusted. resin material separation process according to claim 7 or claim 9, wherein the carpet tile, characterized in that. 9. The dust separation device according to claim 8 , wherein the dust separation device uses a plurality of types of nets having different mesh sizes, and the dust separation device can be disposed in the opening in a replaceable manner. 9. The method for separating resin material of a tile carpet according to 9 . In the dust separating apparatus, according to claim 8, characterized in the use of dust separating apparatus which can freely change the distance between the net to allow vertical movement of the vacuum suction port, claim 9 and claim 11 The method for separating a resin material of a tile carpet according to any one of the above. A surface pile layer of the carpet tiles having a resin backing layer made of vinyl chloride resin, a resin backing layer which is substantially separated fiber layer components forming the surface pile layer in the resin material separation method of the tile carpet be recovered as a resin material the resin component was recovered in the second winnowing process, according to claim 1 any one carpet tiles method of a resin material separation according to claim 12, characterized in that the gravity separation in gravity separator. A surface pile layer of the carpet tiles having a resin backing layer made of vinyl chloride resin, a resin backing layer which is substantially separated fiber layer components forming the surface pile layer in the resin material separation method of the tile carpet be recovered as a resin material the second wind pulverized resin was recovered in the separation step or the resin recovered material the pulverized resin was collected by gravity separation, further, any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the sieve selected by sieving A method for separating a resin material of a tile carpet according to claim 1. The method for separating a tile carpet resin material according to claim 14 , wherein a sieve having a sieve opening of 1 mm or more and 7 mm or less used in the sieve selection step is used. The tile backing having a surface pile layer and a resin backing layer made of a vinyl chloride resin, wherein the resin backing layer from which the fiber layer components forming the surface pile layer are substantially separated is recovered as a resin material. A tile resin-recovered resin material separated by the separation method according to claim 15 .

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