WO2014163117A1

WO2014163117A1 - Separation of composite material

Info

Publication number: WO2014163117A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/059765
Authority: WO
Inventors: 裕赤星
Original assignee: Akahoshi Yutaka
Priority date: 2013-04-03
Filing date: 2014-04-02
Publication date: 2014-10-09
Also published as: JP2013230673A; JP5475904B2

Abstract

[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to recover not only resin, but also clean fibers, from a fiber composite material. In particular, the purpose is to recover long fibers in the form of unentangled long fibers. A further purpose is to achieve a high recovery rate, using compact equipment and with low power requirements. [Solution] An end portion of a composite material in its original form is exposed to the air, and is hammered by members that will not sever the end portion, thereby separating the constituent components. Through continuous transport and hammering of the composite material, separated components are obtained. A discharge port for preserving the ordered state of the long fibers is provided. A vibration-halting means for greatly minimizing processing residuum is provided. Processing residuum is eliminated through an additional separation process.

Description

Composite separation

The present invention relates to a technique for separating a composite material composed of fibers and resins into clean fibers and clean resins.
In particular, when the fiber is a long fiber, it is a technique that can be recovered as a long fiber.
In addition, it is a technology that can achieve a high recovery rate with compact equipment, power saving.

Fiber and resin composite materials range from tile carpets, automotive carpets, tarpaulin sheets, construction safety nets, soundproof sheets, waterproof sheets, fluororesin impregnated cloth, etc. It is enormous. Most of these should not be incinerated and will need to be disposed of in landfills. For landfill disposal, for example, a huge disposal cost of 20 to 80,000 yen per ton is incurred.
Speaking of tile carpet, it is said that the production amount of 20.4 million m ^{2 in} 1999 (Patent Document 54). The amount of waste in 2000 amounts to 140,000 tons for commercial carpets and 80,000 tons for automobile carpets (Non-patent Document 1). Information on the regeneration of 4000 tons of tile carpet per year at the Gifu factory is available online. Patent Document 54 is deemed to be withdrawn, but in 2008, 15,000 tons of tile carpet was processed at a factory in Yachiyo, Chiba. Since a large amount of calcium carbonate is added to the vinyl chloride backing layer of the tile carpet, it is mostly used for mixing with the backing layer of the tile carpet again. Since the history of recycled product distribution has been around 10 years, tile carpets are the target products of the Eco Mark. In 2012, there is a movement to prioritize the acquisition of recycled PVC, and there is a concern about supply shortages. It is in a state. The only material that has undergone large-scale commercial-based material recycling with fiber / resin composites may be called tile carpet, but technically until the recovery of the resin, it will be attached to the fibers and fibers. Most of the amount of resin is discarded.
Tarpaulin sheets are made by sandwiching and bonding strong polyester woven fabrics with resin sheets such as polyvinyl chloride resin and EVA resin, and are widely used for flexible containers, tents, curing sheets, banners and the like. Not only are used and surplus sheets forced to be disposed of. For example, in the production stage of flexible container bags, the scraps punched out with a mold are a large amount of waste. The material of tarpaulin sheet is a high-purity resin. If material recycling becomes possible, material costs, environmental destruction, and wasteful material production can be reduced. The fiber is also a high-quality woven fabric, and if it can be recovered with high purity, it can be used as it is as a non-woven fabric material.
However, tarpaulin sheets are very sturdy sheets that are difficult to even break up with a crusher. In addition, a low-cost general-purpose technology for pulverizing and separating and collecting the resin has not been completed. Solving the resin with a solvent is the only possible method at present, but there are high practical barriers due to excessive equipment, cost, environmental pollution, and versatility, and of course fiber recovery is not a theme. Is the situation.
Construction safety nets and soundproof sheets are indispensable at construction sites and are widely used in large quantities. If it gets dirty, it is cleaned, and if it is torn, it is repaired and reused, but eventually it must be disposed of. There are also cases where it is transported overseas such as Vietnam for further reuse. Since the safety net for construction is mainly made by immersing a strong woven fabric of polyester in a vinyl chloride resin or the like, it is more difficult to separate the resin and the fiber. The resin used has high purity, and the weathering chemicals added are expensive, and there is a strong demand for recovery of the weathering resin. The soundproof sheet is a sheet to which weight is further added, and is similarly composed of a woven fabric, a resin, and an additive. In both cases, fragmentation, pulverization and separation are difficult, and material recycling has not been realized.
The waterproof sheet is a laminate of resin sheets and glass fiber woven fabrics or resin fiber woven fabrics, and is often used for waterproofing such as rooftops, pools, irrigation canals, reservoirs, and waste disposal sites. There are a lot of weight and thickness. According to the materials of the Synthetic Polymer Roofing Industry Association, approximately 20 million square meters were produced in 2011, but material recycling has not been realized.
In the air curtain structure fluororesin impregnated cloth, the Tokyo Dome alone has been used for 400 tons and has a useful life of 20 years or more, but has already passed 24 years. Fluorine resin costs 1 kgr 2200-2500 yen and is an expensive material about 20 times that of PVC. I want to make it a target for material recycling somehow during the upcoming exchange.
Due to the excellent properties of fluororesins such as heat resistance, it seems that the technology for use as a recycled material has not yet been established. For the time being, it is said that you want to shatter the whole glass fiber. The delay may be caused by the fact that the used fluororesin-impregnated cloth was not originally thought to be divided into resin and fiber and that no disposal has actually occurred. However, in the second half of 2013, a seat change in a building is on schedule. If separation of resin and fiber becomes possible, the development of cost-effective resin recycling methods will be an important theme.

Hereinafter, in this document, a fiber / resin composite material is referred to as a “fiber composite material”. A composite material of long fiber and resin is described as “long fiber composite material”. A material obtained by combining two or more materials that are not necessarily fibers or resins is described as a “composite material”. The long fiber composite material is a kind of fiber composite material, and the fiber composite material is a kind of composite material.
In this document, “disaggregation” means that two or more components are released from the state of adhesion, adhesion, fusion, etc., and decomposed into the respective components.

Patent documents 01-81 are extracted from patent documents related to plastic-containing waste hitting and pulverization with blades, and the patent documents at the time of patent approval, the documents at the time of rejection and the patent documents of the specification are scrutinized and arranged in the order of application. It is.
The material recycling technology for plastic-containing waste can be broadly divided into disaggregation technologies such as shearing, cutting, beating, friction, peeling, solvent, melting, etc., and separation technology using wind, net, centrifugal force, specific gravity, shape, etc. It can be read from past patent documents that technologies in two fields have been proposed.
Patent Documents 01 to 81 are summarized below so that differences in major items can be listed. The main items were divided into processing materials, supply method, disaggregation technology, and separation technology.
The treatment material specifically distinguished fiber composites from other materials in light of the subject of the present invention. This comparative list excludes those with extremely short fibers such as wallpaper from fiber composites. In the case of a plurality of materials, when a fiber composite material is included, a fiber composite material is used, and when a fiber composite material is not included, the main material is simplified.
As for the supply method, what is understood as throwing in and sucking in is expressed as “input”, and other than that, it is schematically expressed individually. Regarding the size of the material to be supplied, some of the patent documents clearly indicate rough crushing, but many do not explain it. Since the size varies depending on the size of the apparatus, the size of the material to be supplied is excluded from the items.
The disaggregation technology was divided into shearing, cutting, beating, grinding, friction, peeling, cutting, solvent, and melting. In patent literature, it is not always expressed correctly physically, and inaccurate expressions are also mixed, so it was judged from the contents. Those that describe multiple disaggregation techniques are described as those that are considered to be most effective for disaggregation.
Separation techniques are described as “None” if they are not component separation, and others are classified into wind power, net, centrifugal force, specific gravity, transfer, shape, etc. Those that describe multiple separation techniques have been described in terms of techniques that are believed to be most effective in separating components.

Patent document 01: Mixed material input Beating wind power Patent document 02: Electric wire input shearing centrifugal force Patent document 03: Fiber composite material input shearing wind power Patent document 04: Fracture stone input Friction None Patent document 05: Multilayer material input Shear Specific gravity Patent document 06: Substrate input Shear centrifugal force Patent document 07: Fiber composite material input Peeling centrifugal force Patent document 08: Multilayer material input Beating specific gravity Patent document 09: Adhesive molded object input Shear wind power Patent document 10: Fracture input Friction None Patent document 11: Fiber Composite material input No shearing Patent Document 12: Paper input No beating Non-patent document 13: Multilayer material input Friction network Patent document 14: Multilayer material input Shear specific gravity Patent document 15: Painted plastic input Shear network Patent document 16: Molded product input No shear Document 17: Multi-layer material input Friction Specific gravity Patent document 18: Paint plastic input shearing network Patent document 19: Cord-like workpiece feeding Coarse shear None Patent document 20: Paint plastic input shear network Patent document 21: Multi-layer material input shear centrifugal force Patent document 22 : Painted plastic loading Beating centrifugal force Patent document 23: Multilayer material loading Beating wind power Patent document 24: Multilayer material loading Beating wind power Patent document 25: Painted plastic loading Grinding centrifugal force Patent document 26: Single material loading Melting None Patent document 27: Single One material feed Coarse shear None Patent document 28: Fiber composite material Grip Peel Transfer Patent document 29: Multilayer material input Beating centrifugal force Patent document 30: Copper-clad laminate Feed Cutting None Patent document 31: Single material None Melting None Patent Reference 32: Inputting fiber composite materials Beating Net Patent Document 33: Single Material Input Melting None Patent Document 34: Multilayer Material Input Beating Shape Patent Document 35: Multilayer Material Input Beating Wind Power Patent Reference 36: Car Interior Material Input Shearing Wind Power Patent Reference 37: Resin Sheet Pulling In Coarse Shear Patent Document 38: Mole waste input Beating specific gravity Patent Document 39: Fiber composite material input shearing network Patent Document 40: Multilayer material input Beating Wind power Patent Document 41: Single material input Beating None Patent Document 42: Multilayer material input Beating network Patent Document 43 : Fiber composite material input shearing network Patent Document 44: Fiber composite material input beating wind power Patent Document 45: Equipment input beating net power Patent Document 46: Molded body input shearing wind power Patent Document 47: Flame retardant containing input Dissolution Specific gravity Patent Document 48: With film Throw Solution Wind power Patent document 49: Metal film loading Shear wind power Patent document 50: Multilayer material loading Melting Specific gravity Patent document 51: Multilayer material loading Friction Wind power Patent document 52: Fiber composite material Feed Cutting Transfer Patent document 53: Fiber composite material Feed Cutting Transfer Patent Document 54: Fiber Composite Material Feed Cutting Transfer Patent Document 55: Fiber Composite Material Input Beating Wind Power Patent Document 56: Multilayer Material Input Shear Centrifugal Force Patent Document 57: Single Material Input Beating None Patent Document 58: Contaminant Input Shear Network Patent Document 59: Fiber composite material input Shear wind power Patent document 60: Contaminated farmer input Beating centrifugal force Patent document 61: Fiber composite material Feed Cutting None Patent document 62: Fiber composite material input Shear net Patent document 63: Fiber composite material input Beating net Patent Document 64: Wallpaper Input Beating Wind Power Patent Document 65: Fiber Composite Material Input Beating Wind Power Patent Document 66: Fiber Composite Material Grabbing Peeling Transfer Patent Document 67: Plant Fiber Feeding Cutting None Patent Reference 68: Rubber Input Shearing None Patent Reference 69: Rubber Input Shearing None Patent Reference 70: Fiber composite material input Beating none Patent document 71: Fiber composite material input Beating centrifugal force Patent document 72: Wallpaper input Beating none Patent document 73: Fiber composite material input Beating None Patent document 74: Fiber composite material input Beating shape Patent document 75: Aluminum containing input Beating Eddy current Patent document 76: Fiber composite material input Cutting wind power Patent document 77: Heterogeneous composition input shear centrifugal force Patent document 78: Fiber reinforcement input Friction None Patent document 79: Multilayer material input Shear wind power Patent document 8 0: Mixing input Beating wind power Patent Document 81: Inputting fiber composite material Beating centrifugal force

Among Patent Documents 01 to 81, those for which a long fiber composite material is treated are Patent Documents 03, 07, 11, 28, 32, 39, 43, 44, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 61. 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 81.
Among these, Patent Documents 32, 44, 55, 63, 65, 70, 71, 73, 74, and 81 utilize beating as a disaggregation technique. All supply methods are input. Powder that has been shredded by feeding into the case by throwing or sucking the material into pieces and sucking it with random impact against the weight of the material and resistance from the case. Exhaust from the body.
Patent Documents 03, 11, 39, 43, 59, and 62 utilize shear as a disaggregation technique. All supply methods are input. The material that has been cut into pieces is supplied into the case by being thrown in or sucked in, and the material that has randomly reached the cutter is repeatedly sheared and broken by the cutter, and then discharged from the powder that has become a predetermined size or less.
Patent Documents 07, 28, and 66 utilize peeling as a disaggregation technique. As for the supply method, Patent Document 07 is input, and the other is gripping.
Patent Documents 52, 53, 54, 61, and 76 utilize cutting or cutting as a disaggregation technique. As for the supply method, Patent Document 76 is input, and the others are feeding.

Patent Documents 28, 54, and 66 are interlayer separations, and other composite material recycling techniques are separations after pulverization. Most of the material recycling technology, not limited to composite materials, is separation after pulverization.
Powering beyond imagination is necessary for pulverization. The crusher used for coarse pulverization is 45 to several hundred kW, and the fine pulverizer is 45 to 90 kW.
For example, if a large amount of air is used in the transport separation / recovery process, the power is 11 to 22 kW for one fan, and 100 to 200 kW for 10 fans.
In material recycling, energy saving is an important requirement as well as the use of material resources, but it actually requires considerable energy.

There are various problems regarding the treatment of long fiber composites that are not specified in the patent literature.
In pulverization, it is necessary to make small pieces as a pretreatment. This is not a problem with tile carpets, but tarpaulin sheets, construction sheets, and fluororesin impregnated cloth reinforced with woven fabrics of fibers cannot be cut well with existing crushing equipment, and long and durable fibers are used. I can't get into small pieces. The first applicant of Patent Document 73 made a prototype of a fiber cutting device called a partial punch cutter in 2011, and for the first time, it was possible to reduce the size with a crushing device. It is an apparatus that cuts fibers by processing vertical and horizontal knife stabs into a sheet in advance with a pitch of about 20 mm.

Next, when the small pieces containing the fibers are further pulverized, the fibers are also cut into short fibers. In fiber recycling, first, it is required to be a long fiber exceeding 50 mm. Next, if the short fiber is 0.5 mm or less, there is room for examination as a reinforcing material such as concrete. When a small piece is pulverized, the fiber length of just a few millimeters to a few centimeters is almost the same.

In addition, after crushing small pieces that contain fibers, separating and collecting the mixed powder of fibers and resin into fibers and resin is a difficult technology that occupies a large proportion of the cost, site, and power in the system. is there. In a sieve having a relatively small system burden, short fibers of several mm or less are vertically mixed through the mesh and mixed into the resin side. It is difficult to drastically reduce the mixing of short fibers no matter how many times they are sieved. Even in the case of wind separation, in order to obtain a high-purity recycled resin, a single separation / purification step is not necessary, and many steps must be repeated.
In the material recycling system, it is no exaggeration to say that the powdering device, which is the main device, accounts for only 10% of the cost and the site, and only 30% of electricity. Repeating the purification process leads to a decrease in the recovery rate.

On the other hand, fiber purification is very difficult. The fibers tend to be entangled with each other and embrace resin particles. It is difficult to remove the resin powder from the dumped fibers. In addition, removal of 1 to 10 μm resin fine powder adhering to the fiber surface is also a troublesome problem in terms of cost effectiveness. For these reasons, a technology for purifying the fiber mixed with the resin with high purity has not been realized. Many people have been unable to escape from the groping state of "Is there any use that can be used with fibers mixed with resin?"

For example, in the case of a tile carpet, there are cases where different types of fibers are used together, such as a nylon fiber forming a pile and a polyester fiber forming a base fabric (Patent Document 66, FIG. 2). Nylon fibers are expensive, but if they are mixed with polyester fibers, their recycling applications are greatly limited.

Patent Document 54 is a technique in which a tile carpet is fed with a belt with the backing layer facing up, and only the backing layer is cut with a blade in which a large number of circular thin blades are arranged. As described above, this method produces 15,000 tons of recycled PVC annually even in the 2008 stage. The tile carpet is bent by its own elasticity, and only the backing layer can be removed by adjusting the position of the work guide so that the rotary blade hits only the backing layer.
The remaining material is a sheet of a base fabric and pile fibers, and a high-purity vinyl chloride layer used for bonding remains in this portion (Patent Document 66, 4 in FIG. 3). A large amount of calcium carbonate is added to the backing layer for cost reduction, and the purity of the vinyl chloride is low. Despite the very high purity of adhesive PVC, most of it remains in the remaining material. This is because the position of the work guide must be adjusted so that the adhesive vinyl chloride layer remains so that the cutting blade does not cut the fibers. Nevertheless, in order to actually drive to the very end, there is some fiber mixing in the vinyl chloride cutting powder, and it is necessary to remove the fibers that have become entangled with a rotary sieve in the subsequent process.
In addition, since a certain distance is inevitably generated between the rotary blade and the feeding roller, about 95% of the backing layer can be cut, but an uncut portion of several centimeters is generated. The uncut material is contained on the base fabric, the pile fiber sheet, and the adhesive layer side. In the method by sending in, the processing residue is always accompanied.

Patent Document 66 is a technique for pulling out pile-like nylon fibers by pulling both ends of a base fabric, pile fibers, and a sheet of an adhesive layer as a remaining material with a strong force. The pile yarn after removing the backing layer can be easily pulled out from the back side of the base fabric. Nylon fibers of 2 to 3 m can be recovered from a 500 mm tile carpet.
However, there were pitfalls in this method. The used tile carpet is cut with a certain degree of nylon pile damage. If it is attempted to pull it out all at once, the whole is cut halfway and pulling is not completed, or a considerable amount of pile fiber remains on the base fabric.
The drawn nylon fibers are provided with PVC bumps of about 2 mm at intervals of about 10 mm. Vinyl chloride is stubbornly embedded in nylon thread and cannot be easily removed. Various methods were tried, but could not be removed quickly by physical methods. In this process, clean nylon long fibers have not been recovered.
In addition, the polyester base fabric remaining after the nylon thread is removed, the nylon that has not been removed, the adhesive PVC, and the untreated PVC backing layer cannot be separated and recovered, and a large amount of waste is still involved.

The mixing of fiber length, resin content, and other fibers directly leads to limited use of recycled fibers and lower prices, resulting in disposal of separated fibers, and environmental, cost, and resource problems cannot be solved.
Since the specific gravity of the fiber is small, the problem of transportation costs cannot be overlooked. The material recycling of PVC wallpaper that the inventor has been involved in the past won the 8th New Machine Promotion Award of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Machines for its technology. Patent Document 73 and Patent Document 82 are part of the technology. Although another technique has been used to successfully recover both PVC and pulp with high purity, there is a problem that all sales of recycled pulp disappear in transportation costs (Patent Document 83). Therefore, in order to reduce costs, the line for producing high purity pulp has a reserved history.
In the business of recycling PVC from tile carpet waste, obtaining 20000 tons of recycled PVC annually means that 8000 tons of waste fabrics with resin and nylon are discarded. If nylon long fibers can be recovered, the profitability of these recycling businesses will be ensured. Except for the recovery of specially expensive resin, recovery of not only the resin but also long fibers is a long-cherished desire in the fiber composite recycling business. Moreover, it is necessary to get out of the industrial concept of using unprecedented resources as waste as soon as possible.

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The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for recovering not only a resin but also clean fibers from a fiber composite material. In particular, when the fiber is a long fiber, the object is to provide a technique that allows the fiber to be recovered as it is. Moreover, it aims at making it the technology which can make a high recovery rate by a power saving and a compact equipment. Moreover, it aims at being the technique which can be utilized also for the component separation of another composite material.

The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become more fully apparent when the following description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings, the same reference numerals are assigned to common members, operations, positions, functions, and the like. In some cases, overlapping descriptions may be omitted.
However, the drawings are for explanation only and do not limit the descriptive scope of the present invention.

Since the present invention exerts a great effect on the overall effect of the long fiber composite material, the following description aims to recover not only the resin but also clean long fibers from the most characteristic long fiber composite material. As the explanation proceeds. However, these explanations do not limit the present invention to the separation of the long fiber composite material, and do not exclude the application of the fiber composite material other than the long fiber composite material or the component separation of the composite material.

Typical long fiber composite materials include tile carpets, automotive carpets, tarpaulin sheets, construction safety nets, construction safety sheets, soundproof sheets, tarpaulins, fluorine resin impregnated cloth, vinyl leather, fiber reinforced plastics, etc. . However, the long fiber composite material of the present invention is not limited to the names described herein.
The long fiber composite material has a typical structure as shown in FIG. However, the structure of the long fiber composite material is not limited to that exemplified here.
Fig.1 (a) is tile carpet / car carpet, Fig.1 (b) is vinyl leather, Fig.1 (c) is PVC tarpaulin sheet, EVA tarpaulin sheet, construction safety sheet, soundproof sheet, fluorine resin impregnated cloth, figure 1 (d) is a construction safety net, and FIG. 1 (e) is an explanatory view of the basic structure of a waterproof sheet.
In FIG. 1A, a sheet in which a pile 102 is embedded in a coarse woven fabric 101 is bonded to a resin sheet 103 with a resin 104. FIG. 1B is made by bonding a woven fabric 101 and a resin sheet 103. In FIG. 1C, the woven fabric 101 is bonded with a resin sheet 103. In FIG. 1 (d), a coarse woven fabric 101 is dipped in a resin 104. It has a net shape with a large number of air vents of about 2 mm. In FIG. 1 (e), the woven fabric 101 and the resin sheet 103 are stacked and bonded in layers. In addition, an automobile part or the like has a structure as shown in FIG. There is also a fiber-reinforced plastic as shown in FIG.
The woven fabric 101 and the yarn 106, which are fibers, are organic fibers such as polyester and inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers. The pile 102 is nylon fiber or the like. The resin sheet 103 often uses polyvinyl chloride, EVA, fluorine, rubber, or the like. As the resin 104, vinyl chloride or the like is often used. However, the fiber and resin materials are not limited to those having the names described here.
Adhesion and immersion include a heating method and a sol-gel method, but are not limited thereto.

Examples of the fiber composite material excluding the long fiber composite material include the PVC wallpaper of FIG. 2A, the dust mat of FIG. 2B, and the milk pack of FIG. 2C. However, the fiber composite material is not limited to the one described here.
The PVC wallpaper is a paper 110 coated with PVC 111. The dust mat is mainly a pile 102 planted on a coarse woven fabric 101, which is hardened with a rubber 112, and the upper portion of the pile 102 is cut to form a cut pile 113. The milk pack is a paper 110 coated with a polyethylene curtain 114.
In the present invention, it is possible to separate components of a short fiber composite material. There are no changes in some effects such as power saving because the pre-splitting treatment is unnecessary and powdering treatment is also power saving.

This invention can be used also for the use which isolate | separates components by power-saving composite materials other than a fiber composite material. The gypsum board etc. which sandwiched the gypsum 120 of FIG.2 (d) with the paper 110 is this example, However, It is not restricted to it.
Naturally, it can also be used for the purpose of pulverizing a single component material with less power.

Material recycling materials are mostly used and discarded. Some of these may require treatment such as cleaning. There may be equipment on the side of the subject who uses and disposes of cleaning.
There are many other factory waste materials that are in trouble. These include scraps after weaving with molds, unacceptable products, disposal batches for adjustment, unsold items, etc. These are clean, have clear ingredients, and are suitable for material recycling in the factory.
In the dismantling of tents, etc., if the components can be separated at the construction site, the volume can be reduced, transportation becomes easier, and direct distribution to users can be expected.
Therefore, the material recycling equipment is not limited to industrial waste collectors, but can be placed in the manufacturer's factory or construction site. It is necessary that the equipment placed at the manufacturer factory or construction site is not too large.

The material to be treated remains in its original shape without being shredded, such as sheet-like sheet, hose-like hose, embossing material-like embossed material, and end material-like end-like material. In the document, describe as “original shape”. However, the original shape is not limited to the shape described here. Further, it does not exclude treatments such as cutting or folding a large processing material into an easy-to-work width.
In the present invention, when the composite material, which is the treatment material, is disaggregated, the disaggregated fiber is also connected to the end of the treatment material. It means an untreated end excluding fiber.

In order to recover not only resin but also clean long fibers from the long fiber composite material, the present invention exposes the end portion of the long fiber composite material in the original shape to the air and hits the end portion with a member that does not cut the end portion. And the fiber and the resin of the long fiber composite material are disaggregated.
In addition, the present invention is characterized in that, in order to separate the constituent components from the composite material, the composite material is left in its original shape, the end portion is exposed to the air, the end portion is hit with a member that does not cut, and the constituent components are disaggregated. To do.

FIG. 3 conceptually illustrates the principle of disaggregation of the long fiber composite material.
The edge of the processing material exposed to the air is hereinafter referred to as “processing edge” in this document.
The means for supporting the vicinity of the processing edge is hereinafter referred to as “support means” in this document.
001 is a long fiber composite material, 002 is a disaggregation fiber, 003 is a disaggregation resin, 004 is a treatment end, 005 is a striking member, 006 is a striking operation, 007 is a support means, and 008 is in the air.
The long fiber composite material 001 is supported by the supporting means 007, and the processing end 004 is exposed to the air 008. The striking member 005 is given a striking motion 006 through the air 008 in the vicinity of the support means 007. The striking motion 006 is an operation at a speed within a range where the resin component of the long fiber composite material 001 is crushed but the fiber component is not cut, and is usually a high speed of several tens of meters per second. The striking member 005 strikes the processing end 004 violently, crushes the resin component of the long fiber composite material 001, and the resin component is scattered as the disaggregation resin 003. The fiber component of the long fiber composite material 001 is bent without being cut, and is bent into the disaggregated fiber 002 while being bonded to the end of the long fiber composite material 001. The bent disaggregation fiber 002 is lightly rubbed by the striking member 005, and the adhering resin falls off to become a more clean fiber.

Although the resin component is crushed and the fiber component remains as it is in FIG. 3, it is not limited to such a relationship. In milk cartons and the like, the resin film may maintain the film shape and the paper may be decomposed into pulp.
In FIG. 3, it has been described that the disaggregation fiber 002 is bent and becomes the disaggregation fiber 002 while being bonded to the end portion of the long fiber composite material 001, but is not limited to the state of being bonded in this description. Depending on the situation, the long fiber composite material 001 may be scattered apart. For example, used and damaged fibers will fall off, if the side of the treated material is cut diagonally, the end fibers will fall off, and some of the fibers that are firmly attached to the inside in a sturdy laminate will be cut. In the case of a processing material with a narrow end material such as die cutting, the weft yarn tends to fall off, the weft yarn at the beginning of the treatment tends to fall off, and the thick glass fiber breaks and falls off easily. In this case, however, the dropped long fibers are hardly cut finely. Since it does not become cotton-like and maintains the form of the yarn and rarely becomes tangled into dumplings, it can be easily cleaned with a sieve or the like. It is a long fiber that can be used for non-woven fabrics.
In a fiber composite material that is not a long fiber, the disaggregated fiber separates from the fiber composite material and scatters together with the resin. The separation and recovery of components requires a post-separation process. The difficulty varies depending on the processing material. In a cut pile such as a dust mat, the nylon thread is about 20 mm and is not finely crushed, so sieving is effective. In a dust mat with a base fabric, the base fabric maintains the form of a woven fabric, which is close to the case of the above-mentioned long fiber composite material. On the other hand, wind power separation is required for PVC wallpaper.
In FIG. 3, the processing material 001 is drawn as a single sheet, but the same disaggregation is possible when a plurality of sheets are stacked. Therefore, the treatment material 001 is not limited to one sheet.
In FIG. 3, the treatment material 001 is drawn in a sheet shape, but the same disaggregation is possible in the case of an irregular shape. The treatment material 001 is not limited to a sheet shape.

FIG. 4A conceptually shows the moment of disaggregation. The striking member 005 performing the striking motion 006 collides with the tip of the processing end 004 exposed to the air 008 of the long-fiber composite material 001 supported by the support means 007, and a state after a minute time has elapsed.
The processing end portion 004 protruding from the support means 007 has a dimension that is not extremely large as compared with the thickness ratio of the long fiber composite material 001. The processing end 004 has a small size and a small weight. Since the force applied to the processing end 004 is an impact force, the generated acceleration is very large. On the other hand, the main body of the long fiber composite material 001 is heavy and is stopped by the supporting means 007. Therefore, a large shear force is generated at this boundary. Further, a large bending stress also acts on the short beam-shaped processing end 004. The resin component is finely crushed by the severe shear fracture and bending fracture, and becomes the disaggregation resin 003. In general, resin is more brittle than fibers and easily broken, and because of its weight, the shearing force at the boundary between the stop and acceleration parts is large, and the fibers are thin and tough against bending. And
FIG. 4B shows a state after a minute time has passed. The striking member 005 moves so as to lightly rub the bent disaggregation fiber 002, and if there is an adhering resin, it is scraped off.
3 and 4 (a) and 4 (b), the striking member 005 is drawn so as to be parallel to the processing end 004. However, it is not excluded that the striking member 005 is inclined as shown in FIG. 4 (c).

Reinforce explanations with numerical examples. The numerical values are hypothetical values and are not limited to these values.
The long fiber composite material 001 is a tile carpet. The tile carpet is 500 mm square and 1.2 kgr. The total thickness is 8 mm, and the thickness of the resin layer is 3 mm.
The length of the processing end 004 is 3 mm. The weight of the striking member 005 is 30 kgr. The speed of the striking motion 006 is 50 m / sec. Assume that disintegration occurs when the striking member 005 collides with the upper surface of the processing end 004 and travels 3 mm. The rate of decrease in the speed of the striking member due to the collision is set to 0.0001.
The time from collision to disaggregation is approximately 0.00006 sec. From the relationship between momentum and impulse, the impact force is approximately 2500 Newtons. The weight of the processing end 004 is approximately 0.007 kgr. The acceleration applied here is a tremendous value of approximately 36000G.

In the tile carpet, the position where the striking member 005 corresponds to the processing end 004 can be disaggregated even if it is about 0.1 mm from the end. The disaggregation is related to the quality, shape, and state of the treatment material, the shape and speed of the striking member, the support situation, and other various factors. Therefore, it cannot be generally explained where the disaggregation proceeds in the processing end portion 004 of 3 mm. The reality is that various disaggregations occur randomly.
The magnitude of the striking motion 006 of the striking member 005 is suitably about 40 to 50 m / sec in the case of a long fiber composite material. However, the magnitude of the striking motion 006 differs depending on the processing material 001, the shape of the striking member 005, the dimensions of the processing end 004, and the like, and is not limited to the values exemplified here.

The striking member 005 is a tool that cannot be cut. However, it is not limited that the cutting blade is not attached at all when the material needs to be cut for some reason.
FIG. 5A illustrates an example of a cross-sectional shape of a hitting portion of the hitting member 005. The shape of the tip of a plate or block is mainly listed and illustrated. An example of the shape of the flying object described later is also shown. Moreover, the hammer block swung around with a chain etc. was also illustrated. However, the shape is not limited to that illustrated.
The surface of the striking member 005 in the moving direction is the striking surface 009, and the side surface facing the treatment material 001 is the rubbing surface 010.
FIG. 5B illustrates an example of a side shape of the hitting portion of the hitting member 005. Although the parallel rod-shaped, staggered, and slanted rods are illustrated, the side surface shape is not limited to the shape illustrated here.
The striking member 005 may be fixed to the driving member, may be integrated, may be supported so as to be able to swing, or may be a free moving body flying in the air. The moving body flying in the air is hereinafter referred to as “flying body” in this document. Also, a hammer block or the like may be swung around with a flexible connecting material such as a chain.
FIG. 5C illustrates an example of a coupling portion of the striking member 005 when fixed or supported by the driving member. The coupling portion is not limited to the shape illustrated here.

The present invention is characterized in that the width of the striking member 005 is larger than the yarn interval of the woven fabric of the long fiber composite material 001.
If the striking member 005 is thin, the striking member 005 may be pierced between the warp and warp of the woven fabric of the long fiber composite material 001, and the weft may fall off and be pulled by the weft to cut the warp. When the width of the hitting member 005 is larger than the warp yarn pitch of the woven fabric of the long fiber composite material 001, there is an effect of preventing the weft yarn from dropping and the warp yarn from being cut.

Since the present invention continuously recovers not only resin but also clean long fibers from the long fiber composite material, the end portion is exposed to the air while maintaining the original shape of the long fiber composite material. The resin of the long fiber composite material and the fiber are continuously disaggregated by moving in the direction and continuously hitting with a member that does not cut its end.
Further, the present invention is a member that separates the constituent components from the composite material, exposes the end portion to the air while keeping the original shape of the composite material, continuously moves the composite material in the air direction, and does not cut the end portion. By continuously striking, the constituent components are continuously disaggregated.

FIG. 6 conceptually illustrates a continuous disaggregation method of the long fiber composite material.
Reference numeral 011 denotes a moving operation of the long fiber composite material 001. The means for moving the processing material is hereinafter referred to as “material moving means” in this document.
In order to make the explanation easy to understand, a large number of striking members 005 perform a striking operation 006 and continuously strike the processing end portions 004 one after another.

The means for continuously hitting is hereinafter referred to as “continuous hitting means” in this document.
The simplest continuous striking means is a rotary motion 012. An example thereof is shown in FIG. The rotating continuous hitting means is hereinafter referred to as “rotating hitting means” in this document.
When the continuous striking means is a large number of flying objects, it is only necessary to have a launching means 013 that launches them toward the processing end 004 at high speed, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. It is desirable to collect the flying object and use it again. The continuous hitting means by the flying object is hereinafter referred to as “flying hitting means” in this document.
The case where the continuous striking means is a reciprocating motion 014 is illustrated in FIG. The continuous hitting means by the reciprocating motion is hereinafter referred to as “reciprocating hitting means” in this document.

The present invention is characterized in that a rotary hitting means, a flying hitting means, or a reciprocating hitting means is used as the continuous hitting means.

There are various commonly used methods for the material transfer means. An example is shown in FIG. Of course, the feeding method is not limited to the one exemplified here.
FIG. 8A is based on two rollers 201. FIG. 8B shows one roller 201 and a large number of rollers 202. Since the roller 202 acts independently, it can deal with irregularly shaped materials and randomly stacked end materials. FIG. 8C shows one roller 201 and a large number of pressing plates 203. Since the pressing plate 203 acts independently, it can cope with irregularly shaped materials and randomly stacked end materials. FIG. 8D is due to the belt 204 and a large number of rollers 202. FIG. 8E shows the sliding plate 205 and a large number of claws 206, and the claws 206 move forward and backward and downward 207. If the nail | claw 206 is also divided | segmented into many members and it acts independently, it can respond also to a deformed material and the end material piled up at random. In FIG. 8F, the rear end of the processing material 001 is grasped by the gripping device 208, and the gripping device 208 reciprocates 209 by a link mechanism (not shown) while repeatedly gripping and releasing.
Needless to say, each mechanism is provided with a pressure mechanism (not shown) and a gap adjusting mechanism (not shown). Generally, a spring or the like is used as the pressurizing mechanism. The gap adjusting mechanism has a function of facilitating the initial biting of the processing material and a function of preventing wear between members of the moving device. Generally, a screw adjusting mechanism or the like is used. When the diameter of the roller 201 or the roller 202 is sufficiently large, the initial biting is easy and the gap adjusting mechanism may not be required. In order to improve the biting of the roller 201, it is desirable to perform a process for increasing the friction of the surface. For example, cut knurls, get teeth, use rubber, etc.
The moving operation 011 is not limited to a continuous operation, and may be an inching motion.

The support means 007 may be a dedicated member, or another member may serve as its function, or may serve as another member. For example, the sliding plate 205 in FIG. 8 (e) can also serve as it, and the table 229 in FIGS. 8 (a), (b), (c), (d), and (f) can also serve as it, The supporting means 007 of the vibration stopping means shown in FIG. 18 described later can also serve as the table 229. However, it is not limited to the shapes and members described here.

An apparatus having a continuous striking means, a supporting means, a material moving means, and a discharging means is hereinafter referred to as “disaggregation device” in this document.
The means for discharging the delivered processed material product out of the disaggregation apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “material discharging means”.

The phenomenon that occurs when the treatment material 001 is flexible and thin is illustrated in FIG. 9A in contrast to FIG. The striking member 005 performing the striking motion 006 collides with the tip of the processing end portion 004 exposed to the air 008 of the processing material 001 supported by the support means 007, and a state after a minute time has passed. When the treatment material 001 is flexible and thin, the treatment material 001 is bent and lifted at the end of the support means 007. In such a state, the impact force on the processing end 004 is alleviated, so that it is necessary to make the striking motion 006 larger. Further, immediately after the striking member 005 passes, the bent portion jumps like a spring, which causes the processing end portion 004 to be exposed.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9B, a means for limiting the displacement of the upper portion of the processing material 001 is provided in a portion close to the processing end 004 of the support means 007. The means for limiting the upper displacement of the processing material 001 in the vicinity of the processing end 004 is hereinafter referred to as “motion limiting means” in this document.
The movement limiting means 016 has an effect of reliably and reliably disaggregating the processing end 004 even when the processing material 001 is flexible and thin.
The movement limiting means 016 may be a dedicated member as shown in FIG. 9B, or another member may serve as the function. For example, the claw 206 of the feeding device in FIG. 8 (e) may also serve as the pressing plate 203 of the feeding device in FIG. 8 (c). The vibration stopping means 228 shown in FIG. 17 is also a special feeding means having the function of the movement limiting means 016. Of course, the shape of an independent member and the member which can be used together are not limited to the content described here.

The present invention is characterized by having movement limiting means 016.

In the example of the feeding method described with reference to FIG. 8, it is difficult to bring the striking member 005 close to the hitting member 005 while holding the rear end of the processing material 001 other than the method using the claw 206 and the gripping device 208. Therefore, a part that cannot be disaggregated inevitably occurs. The portion that remains at the rear end of the processing material 001 and is not disaggregated is hereinafter referred to as a “processing residual portion” in this document.
Even in the method using the nail 206 and the gripping device 208, the unprocessed portion 015 cannot be completely eliminated. This is because if the portion caught is small, it will not be able to resist the strong pulling force.
In the present invention, the unprocessed portion is actively used.
FIG. 10 illustrates the role of the unprocessed portion 015 using a tile carpet as an example. FIG. 10A is a plan view, and FIG. 10B is an exaggerated cross section for easy understanding.
The resin sheet 103 behind the tile carpet in FIG. 1A is referred to as a backing layer. The polyester woven fabric 101 of the tile carpet is called a base fabric.
Reference numeral 015 denotes an unprocessed portion where the nylon pile 102 is visible on the front side. The base fabric 131 and the backing layer 132 remain on the back side. Reference numeral 133 denotes a disjointed base cloth, which is connected to the base cloth 131 of the unprocessed portion 015 in the state of the woven cloth. Reference numeral 134 denotes a nylon thread that has been released, passes through the back side of the released base fabric 133, is connected to the pile 102 of the unprocessed portion 015, and remains aligned.
In the background art [0011], it has been explained that in the conventional technology, the fibers are entangled with each other and tend to embrace the resin particles, and it is difficult to remove the resin powder from the dumped fibers.
Compared to this, in the present invention, the base cloth 131 becomes a base cloth 133 separated in the form of a woven cloth, and is bonded to the unprocessed portion 015 and is in the shape of the woven cloth. There is nothing. On the other hand, the pile 102 becomes a nylon thread 134 which has been disaggregated, and is in a state of being bonded and aligned with the pile 102 of the unprocessed portion 015, so that the resin particles are not entangled and entrained. [0046] As described in [0046], during the disaggregation operation, the dissociated base fabric 133 and the dissociated nylon thread 134 are arranged in an orderly manner along the path from the processing end 004 to the material discharge suction port 210. Is possible. After the disaggregation process is completed and the rear end of the tile carpet is separated from the support means 007 to become the unprocessed portion 015, if the disassembled nylon thread 134 is discharged together with the unprocessed portion 015 in an orderly manner, a clean long thread Can be recovered as A clean long thread is more valuable than clean cotton.

The present invention is characterized in that the disaggregated fiber 002 is discharged in a state where it is bonded to the remaining portion 015.

The present invention is characterized by a method in which a long fiber composite having a remaining processing portion is fed starting from the remaining processing portion, and the remaining processing portion is disaggregated.
This method has the effect of eliminating the untreated portion 015, increasing the recovery rate, and reducing waste.
In order to use the recovered fiber, it is a usual method to cut and remove the unprocessed portion 015. However, if the unprocessed portion 015 is large, the recovery rate is lowered, and the problem of disposal processing is not solved. If the left processing portion 015 is cut vertically and reprocessed by the method of the present invention, the remaining processing portion 015 can be made smaller, but two operations of cutting and reprocessing are required.
One of the features of the present invention is that the disaggregated long fibers 002 are joined to the untreated portion 015. Accordingly, the unprocessed portion 015 can be captured by the disaggregation fiber 002 and reprocessed.
The method is illustrated in FIG. 301 and 302 are disaggregation apparatuses, and 001 is a long fiber composite material. When the long fiber composite material 001 is applied to the disaggregation apparatus 301, a temporary treatment material 303 in which the disaggregation fibers 002 are bonded to the untreated portion 015 is obtained. The disaggregation resin 003 is separated and recovered. The remaining processing portion 015, which is the rear end of the temporary processing material 303, is applied to the disaggregation apparatus 302 with the beginning. At this time, the disaggregation fiber 002 is gripped by a feeding device (not shown) of the disaggregation device 302, and the unprocessed portion 015 is disaggregated to obtain a secondary treatment material 304. The secondary treatment material 304 is completely only the disaggregation fiber 002, and the disaggregation resin 003 is separated and recovered. In order to make the explanatory diagram easy to understand, the disaggregation apparatus is divided into two

units

301 and 302. However, it is possible to process the disaggregation apparatus 301 twice. In FIG. 11, the secondary processing material 304 is described as being discharged from a normal discharge port 305 (not shown) of the disaggregation device 302. In this case, when disaggregation of the remaining processing portion 015 is completed, a feed device (not shown) is fast-forwarded. It is good to discharge quickly. Woven fabrics or aligned yarns can be neatly aligned in the path from the insertion side 306 to the outlet 305, as described in [0046], so that clean and long yarns are It can be recovered as it is and has high utility value.
Although explanation in the figure is omitted, the feed may be reversed at a high speed after the unprocessed portion 015 has been disaggregated and returned to the insertion side 306. Example 6 mentions that. Also in this case, the woven fabric or the aligned yarn is returned to the operator's hand in an orderly aligned state, so that it is clean, and the long yarn can be recovered as a yarn, which is highly useful.

The present invention is characterized in that the material discharge means 020 is a material discharge suction port 210.
The material discharge suction port 210 has an effect of orderly arranging the disaggregation fibers.
FIG. 12 shows a cross section of a tile carpet as an example. The base fabric 133 separated from the treatment end 004 and the separated nylon thread 134 are joined and bent. When hitting from the backing layer side of the tile carpet, the released nylon yarn 134 is positioned closer to the hitting member 005 than the released base fabric 133, and the hitting member 005 moves at high speed while rubbing the released nylon yarn 134. Naturally, the turbulence of airflow occurs here. The dissociated base fabric 133 is relatively stable, but the dissociated nylon yarn 134 is prone to rampage. The dissociated base fabric 133 has a length of up to 500 mm, but the dissociated nylon thread 134 is 2 to 3 m. When the hitting motion 006 is the rotational motion 012, there is a possibility that a long thread is wound.
A material discharge suction port 210 is provided in the direction of the striking motion 006. The material discharge / suction port 210 preferably has a nozzle shape close to the width of the tile carpet. The path from the processing end 004 to the material discharge / suction port 210 is preferably an air flow path 212 closed by a cover 211. The cover 211 is preferably provided at the boundary of the movement range of the striking member 005.
When the material discharge / suction port 210 is sucked by a fan (not shown), an air flow is generated in the flow path 212, and the dissociated nylon thread 134 reaches the material discharge / suction port 210 while receiving a tension together with the dissociated base cloth 133. Led to. Therefore, there is no danger that the nylon thread 134 that has been separated is caught in the rotational motion 012 and is kept in an aligned state by being joined to the processing end 004, so that it is not entangled with each other.

By providing the material discharge suction port 210 at a position away from the direction of the striking operation 006, the separated yarn 134 is tensioned between the processing end portion 004 and the material discharge suction port 210, and the rubbing surface of the striking member 005 It is rubbed more effectively at 010. By lengthening the rubbing region, there is an effect of making the disaggregation fiber 002 more clean. The range in which tension is applied to the disaggregated fibers by suction and the disaggregated fibers are rubbed on the rubbing surface of the striking member is hereinafter referred to as “rubbed region” in this document.
FIG. 13 illustrates the tile carpet disaggregation. It was noted in the technical background [0014] that when the tile carpet pile was pulled out, the nylon thread was soaked into the nylon thread and was not easily removed. In the disaggregation method of the present invention, the vinyl chloride is pulverized with a violent impact. However, due to the instantaneous behavior, loosely coupled bumps may remain. According to the judgment of the experts in the industry who make non-woven fabrics with needle punches by curling old clothes, this level of bumps will fall off with needle punches, so there is no problem even if they remain. However, it is desirable that there is no bump in the reuse other than the non-woven fabric. This bump can be removed by rubbing with a weak force applied to the rubbing surface 010 of the striking member 005 for a certain period of time after discontinuation. The fixed time is, for example, on the order of approximately 1 to 3 seconds, but varies depending on various conditions, and is not limited to this time.
The tension by suction applied to the nylon thread 134 that has been separated and the stable rubbing region 018 determined by the position of the material discharge suction port 210 create an optimum state for removing the bump without damaging the thread.

The present invention is characterized by having a rubbing region 018.

When the material discharge means 020 is the material discharge suction port 210, the woven fabric and yarn of the disaggregated fiber are discharged together with the powder of the disaggregated resin. Since the suction is performed by the fan, if the woven fabric or yarn is not removed before reaching the fan, the fibers get entangled with the fan and the fan fails. When a recovery device such as a cyclone or a bag filter is used for separation, a rotary valve is usually used as a means for discharging heavy objects while blocking outside air. If there is woven fabric or yarn, the fibers get entangled with the rotary valve and the operation stops.
If the material discharging means 020 is provided with means for mechanically capturing the woven fabric or yarn, the woven fabric or yarn is discharged by this capturing device, and only the disaggregation resin and the falling fibers can flow in the suction path. The mechanical woven and yarn discharging means is hereinafter referred to as “forced discharging means” in this document.
The forced discharge means has an effect of stably discharging the disaggregated fibers 002 in an aligned state.
The forced discharge means can produce a stronger tensile force than suction.

One of the forced discharge means is described as “knife roller discharge means” in this document. In another example, what is described as “roller roller discharging means” can be cited. Furthermore, what is described as “grip discharging means” can also be exemplified. However, the forced discharging means is not limited to those exemplified here.
FIG. 14A illustrates knife roller discharging means for woven fabric. (B) illustrates the state of the knife roller discharging means when there is a pile yarn that is longer than the woven fabric together with the woven fabric. (C) illustrates roller roller discharge means, and (d) illustrates grip discharge means.
FIG. 14A illustrates the principle of the knife roller discharge means. The disaggregation fiber 002 is guided to the material discharge suction port 210 by suction and is in a state of receiving tension. A bypass path 214 is provided in the suction path 213 of the material discharge suction port 210, and a discharge roller 215 is provided in the bypass path 214. The discharge roller 215 is driven in conjunction with the feed operation 011. The pushing knife 216 intermittently and rapidly reciprocates toward the discharge roller 215.
The dissociated fiber 002 that has received the tension is pushed by the pushing knife 216, is bitten by the discharge roller 215, and is sent to the outside 217. The disaggregated fibers 002 bitten by the discharge roller 215 are in an aligned state, and are stably discharged to the outside 217 in an aligned state. The disaggregation resin 003 is captured by an external collection device (not shown) through the suction path 213.
In the case of a tile carpet, the separated base fabric 133 is fed by the discharge roller 215 at a speed interlocked with the feeding operation 011. On the other hand, the dissociated nylon thread 134 has a length of 4 to 6 cups of the dissociated base fabric 133, so that it becomes loose. This case is illustrated in FIG. The slackened nylon thread 135 is intermittently pushed toward the discharge roller 215 by the push knife 216, is folded, and is stably discharged to the outside 217 in an aligned state.
As shown in FIG. 14C, the roller roller discharging means is configured such that the discharge roller 215 at a speed interlocked with the feeding operation 011 and the driven discharge roller 230 are rotated. The suction guide 231 leads to a different path from the suction and is discharged to the outside 217.
As shown in FIG. 14D, the gripping and discharging means includes a gripping means 232 that reciprocates at a speed interlocked with the feeding operation 011 while performing the capturing and releasing operations. The woven fabric and the yarn are grasped by the gripping means 232 and discharged to the outside 217 through a route different from the suction.
Although the discharge roller 215 and the gripping means 232 have been described as being driven in conjunction with the feeding operation 011, the rotation of the discharge roller 215 and the driving of the gripping means 232 are automatically controlled while detecting tension and the like with a sensor. Other methods may be used.
Although it has been described that the pushing knife 216 of the knife roller discharging means intermittently performs a quick reciprocating motion, it may be a continuous reciprocating motion.

The present invention is characterized by having a forced discharge means.

When the disengagement fiber 002 is grasped and sent by the forcible discharge means 218, the inverted processing residual portion 015 is drawn into the striking table 220, and the processing residual portion 015 is struck by the striking member 005 to release the processing residual portion 015 once. The disaggregation process can be eliminated.
FIG. 15 illustrates the principle. (A) is a state just before the disaggregation process of one long fiber composite material 001 is completed. The disaggregation fiber 002 is gripped by the forced discharge means 218 and sent.
When the rear end of the long fiber composite material 001 is released from the gripping of the material moving means 219, the unprocessed portion 015 is detached from the support means 007, is pulled into the air 008, and is blown off by the striking operation 006 of the striking member 005. A batting table 220 is prepared near the forced discharge means 218. The batting table 220 is placed in close proximity to the movement of the batting member 005. The unprocessed portion 015 is inverted by inertia and jumped to the rear of the hitting table 220. The batting table 220 is provided at a position where the unprocessed portion 015 can be moved backward by the length of the disaggregation fiber 002. This is illustrated in FIG.
When the disaggregation fiber 002 is gripped and sent by the forced discharging means 218, the unprocessed portion 015 returns to the top of the striking table 220, and the unprocessed portion 015 is struck by the striking member 005 and dissociated. The disaggregation resin 003 rotates in a housing (not shown) and is sucked and discharged from the material discharge / suction port 210 or is discharged by another material discharge means 020 (not shown). The disaggregated fibers 002 are discharged in an aligned state by the forced discharge means 218. This is illustrated in FIG.
The striking table 220 may be in a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape in addition to a block shape. In the case of a cylinder / cylindrical shape, it may be rotatable.
This batting table is hereinafter referred to as “auxiliary batting table” in this document.
In this case, the disaggregation process is performed from the side of the unprocessed portion 015 that is coupled to the disaggregated fiber 002. Therefore, if there is a large unprocessed portion 015, the impact is large. It is preferable to carry out the processing together with a means for minimizing the unprocessed portion 015.
FIG. 15 is drawn for easy understanding, and is not limited to the shape, mechanism, and arrangement shown here.

The present invention is characterized by having an auxiliary striking base.

As described above, there is a case where dropped fibers may be generated even when the long fiber composite material 001 is disaggregated. Resin that is not sufficiently disaggregated may adhere to the falling fibers 136. Further, there is a case where the large size of the disaggregation resin 137 is mixed with the fine disaggregation resin 003, and in such a case, it is necessary to classify with a sieving device in order not to reduce the commercial value of the recycled resin. When the disaggregating resin 137 has a large size, it is necessary to increase the opening of the sieve for separating the fiber and the resin, and the fiber is likely to be mixed into the resin. If these can be selected in advance and disaggregation processing can be performed, it will lead to reduction of post-processes and improvement of quality and recovery rate.
The material discharging means 020 for separating and discharging the disaggregated clean fiber and the disaggregated fine resin powder from the falling fiber to which the resin is adhered and the large disaggregated resin is hereinafter referred to as “sorted discharge port” in this document. .

The sorting outlet 222 has an effect of selectively leaving the dropping fibers 136 from which the resin remains and the large-sized disaggregation resin 137 in the stirring region of the housing 221.
FIG. 16 illustrates the principle. The housing 221 is a closed case that surrounds the rotary impacting means 223 leaving a narrow area. A part of the housing 221 is provided with a sorting discharge port 222 and an air intake port 226. A swash plate 224 is provided at the sorting discharge port 222 so as to face the rotation of the rotary impacting means 223. A material discharge suction port 210 is provided at the sorting discharge port 222 so as to be partitioned by a swash plate 224.
The dropping fibers 136 to which the resin is adhered and the large-sized disaggregating resin 137 have a large inertia, and even if they are sucked by the material discharge suction port 210, the path cannot be changed greatly. They therefore collide with the swash plate 224. The swash plate 224 jumps them back into the housing 221. On the other hand, the disaggregation fiber 002 and the minute disaggregation resin 003 are sucked by the material discharge suction port 210 and discharged to the outside. The fallen fibers 136 to which the resin remaining in the casing 221 is adhered and the large-sized release resin 137 are agitated by the rotary impacting means 223 in the casing 221, and the fallen fibers 138 from which the resin has been removed and the resin 139 that has become fine are obtained. The weight is reduced, and the material is sucked at the material discharge suction port 210 and discharged to the outside.
The level of the disaggregating fiber 002 sucked by the material discharge suction port 210, the minute disaggregating resin 003, the dropping fiber 138 from which the resin is removed, and the fine resin 139 can be adjusted by the strength of suction and the position of the swash plate 224.

The present invention is characterized by having a sorting outlet.

A high-speed vibration member is provided facing the support means 007. Hereinafter, in this document, this high-speed vibration member is referred to as “vibration stopping means”.
The vibration stopping means 228 performs the moving operation 011 of the processing material 001 by instantaneously stopping the drawing operation by the striking operation 006 of the processing material 001.
The vibration stopping means 228 has an effect of reducing the remaining processing portion 015 to the limit and ensuring the disaggregation processing.
In the disaggregation method of the present invention, since the processing end 004 is hit with the hitting member 005, a strong pulling force 019 is applied to the processing material 001. By using this pulling force 019, the moving operation 011 of the processing material 001 is performed. The examples of ordinary feeding means described in [0038] were all pushing operations. In contrast to this, it is a material transfer means by pulling motion control.
FIG. 17 illustrates the principle. A vibration stop means 228 is provided at the end of the support means 007. The vibration stop means 228 vibrates up and down at high speed. The processing material 001 is sandwiched between the support unit 007 and the vibration stopping unit 228, and the moving operation 011 of the processing material 001 is repeatedly stopped / released at high speed. The released treatment material 001 moves slightly, and immediately after that, the movement is stopped. By this method, the moving operation 011 to the tip of the support means 007 can be performed, and the unprocessed portion 015 can be reduced to the limit.
Further, since the vibration stopping unit 228 reliably holds the boundary of the processing end 004 of the processing material 001 at the tip of the support unit 007, the processing material 001 is prevented from being bent or ramped, and the flexible and thin processing material 001 is also prevented. A reliable disaggregation process is possible.
The magnitude of the moving operation 011 can be adjusted by the frequency and stroke of the vibration stopping means 228.
The vibration stopping means 228 can be applied with a high-speed vibration of, for example, 70 times / sec, even with a commercially available vibration cylinder. The vibration stopping means 228 is preferably subjected to a claw-like process (not shown) for preventing slipping. In order to avoid collision between members, it is preferable to provide a gap adjusting mechanism and a gap securing means (not shown). The clearance adjustment mechanism is generally a screw. The clearance securing means is a lower limit stop by a cushioning material. However, the gap adjusting mechanism and the gap securing means are not limited to those described.
The vibration stopping means 228 is not necessarily an integral member. If a plurality of members act independently, it is possible to deal with irregularly shaped processing materials and randomly stacked end materials.
The vibration stopping unit 228 can cause the processing material 001 to move 011 independently, but may be used in combination with another feeding mechanism. For example, two rollers 201 in FIG. 8A, one roller 201 in FIG. 8B and a large number of rollers 202, one roller 201 in FIG. 8C and a large number of pressing plates 203, etc. It is good to use together with the feed mechanism. In addition to avoiding unreasonable design such as making the diameter of the roller 201 as small as possible, operability such as initial insertion of the processing material 001 can be improved. However, other feeding mechanisms that can be used together are not limited to those described here.
Hereinafter, the fact that the vibration stopping means 228 is used alone or in combination with other material moving means 219 will be described as “the material moving means includes vibration stopping means”.
When another feeding mechanism is working, the vibration stopping means 228 may be opened. If stopped at an appropriate gap, the function of the movement limiting means 016 in FIG. 9 is also used.
Even if the vibration stopping means 228 is operated when another feeding mechanism is operating, the vibration is high-speed and does not hinder the feeding. The momentary stop that occurs causes a small amount of deflection, but it is eliminated at the next momentary opening. After the processing material 001 leaves the other feeding device, the vibration stopping means 228 functions as a material feeding means for minimizing the unprocessed portion 015. The vibration stopping means 228 reliably holds the boundary between the processing material 001 and the processing end 004 even when it is fed by another feeding mechanism, so that reliable disaggregation processing is possible even for a flexible thin processing material 001. It becomes. It can be said that the vibration stopping means 228 is a material feeding means that also serves as a special motion limiting means 016.

The present invention is characterized by having vibration stopping means.

A violent blow generates a loud sound. The prevention of noise is to prevent confinement and propagation. Basically, it is shielded in layers with a sealed case, uses a sound absorbing material, and the opening is made as small as possible.
If suction is used to discharge the product, an air intake 226 is required. The air intake 226 is normally open to the outside, and most of the noise from there leaks out.
FIG. 18 illustrates the countermeasure. The material discharge / suction port 210 of the disaggregation device 301 is connected to a recovery device 310 such as a cyclone device or a bag filter by a duct, and the recovery device 310 is connected to the fan 311 by a duct. The exhaust of the fan 311 is connected to the air intake 226 by a duct 312. A narrow bypass duct 313 is connected to the duct 312 to release excess exhaust to the outside. The bypass duct 313 is preferably provided with a silencer.
By piping in this way, noise leaking from the material discharge / suction port 210 can be reduced as much as possible. Since the suction air volume is slightly larger than the air volume entering from the air intake 226, excess exhaust escapes from the thin bypass duct 313. The narrow bypass duct 313 is open, but it is thin, so the sound level is low and it is easy to take countermeasures such as noise reduction. Since the wind speed from the fan 311 to the air intake port 226 is approximately 10 to 30 m / sec, which is opposite to the noise transmission direction, there is also an effect of reducing noise transmission as if listening to the sound downwind.

The present invention is characterized in that, as a soundproofing method of the disaggregation apparatus, the exhaust of the suction fan of the disaggregation apparatus is connected to the air intake port of the disaggregation apparatus by a duct provided with a bypass duct that opens to the outside.

The present invention has the following features.
A. In the fiber composite material, since only the resin is blown into small pieces by hitting at high speed with an unbreakable striking member, the fiber can be separated from the resin without cutting.
B. In the fiber composite material, since the fibers are successively fed from the end, the same portion is not continuously hit and the fiber is not damaged.
C. In the long fiber composite material, the woven fabric can be separated and recovered in the form of the woven fabric, so that the fibers can be processed without being entangled.
D. In the long fiber composite material, the long fibers of the pile can be separated and collected while being aligned, so that the fibers can be processed without being entangled.
E. In the long fiber composite material, the long fibers of the woven fabric and the pile are separated and rubbed in a state where the material is captured, so that the resin can be collected as clean fibers without adhering to the fibers.
F. In the long fiber composite material, fibers in the form of a woven fabric or fibers collected while being arranged can be easily washed and collected as clean fibers without resin adhesion.
G. In the long fiber composite material, a plurality of types of fibers can be individually collected.
H. In a long fiber composite material, since it is processed as long, a long fiber can be collected.
I. In the fiber composite material, the resin entrapped in the fiber yarn can also be removed.
J. et al. In the long fiber composite material, the resin contains less short fibers, so that it is easy to recover the resin with high purity.
K. In the fiber composite material, since the resin discarded together with the fibers can be separated and recovered, the resin recovery rate is improved.
L. Since the composite material is always captured, efficient disaggregation is performed and power is saved.
M.M. In the long-fiber composite material, the fiber and the resin are completely separated by a single treatment, and there is no special separation step, which saves power, space and cost.
N. The composite material does not need to be coarsely pulverized in advance, and is power saving, space saving, and cost saving.
O. Applicable to various composite materials.
P. With long fiber composites, there are few parts to be discarded, resulting in high-quality material recycling.
Q. In the long fiber composite material, the woven fabric can be recovered in the form of a woven fabric, so that it does not swell like cotton, and the cost of storage and transportation can be saved.
R. In the long fiber composite material, disaggregation without any unprocessed portion is possible, and a high recovery rate is obtained.
S. In the long-fiber composite material, disaggregation without any unprocessed portion is possible in a single process, and high workability is achieved.
T.A. Even with thin composite materials, reliable disaggregation is possible.
U. A plurality of materials can be piled up and separated, resulting in high workability.
V. It is also possible to dissociate irregularly shaped materials and end materials, resulting in high workability.
W. Since the equipment is simple and does not require an excessive power source, it can be installed at a manufacturer's factory or construction site.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the structure of a long fiber composite material. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the structure of another composite material. FIG. 3 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of the principle of disaggregation of the long fiber composite material. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing the moment of disaggregation. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the shape of the striking member. FIG. 6 is a conceptual illustration of a continuous disaggregation method for a long fiber composite material. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the types of hitting operations. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a normally used feeding method. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of the exercise limiting means. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the role of the unprocessed portion. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a first method for eliminating the remaining processing portion. FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a method for orderly aligning the disaggregated fibers. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the rubbing region of the disaggregated fiber. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of forced discharge means. FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a second method for eliminating the unprocessed portion. FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the sorting discharge port. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of the vibration stopping means. FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a pipe for noise reduction. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the disaggregation result of the tile carpet of the first embodiment. FIG. 20 is a partially enlarged view of the disaggregation result of the vinyl leather of Example 1. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the disaggregation results of the fluororesin-impregnated glass fiber cloth of Example 2. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the disaggregation results of the vinyl leather of Example 4. FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of the fifth embodiment. FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 25 is a photograph of the experimental mechanical device of Example 7. FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of the experimental machine device according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 27 is a photograph of the result of disaggregation of the tile carpet. FIG. 28 is a photograph of the result of disaggregation of the tarpaulin sheet. FIG. 29 is a photograph of the result of disaggregation of a fluororesin-impregnated glass fiber cloth. FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the eighth embodiment. FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of the ninth embodiment.

The purpose of collecting not only clean resin but also clean fibers from fiber composites, especially when long fibers are used, they are collected as long fibers, compact equipment, power saving and high recovery rate. Was confirmed by a minimum experiment, a mechanical device was conceived, the practicality was confirmed by a full-scale experiment, and the figure as a practical machine was clarified.

A hitting material was attached to a drilling machine, and a disintegration experiment of a tile carpet, a fluororesin impregnated glass fiber cloth, and a thick vinyl riser was conducted.
The impact material was obtained by rounding both ends of a round bar having a diameter of 10 mm into a hemisphere. The total length was 330 mm. The holder was a commercially available rotating tool holder.
The tile carpet was cut into a strip having a width of 100 mm along the direction of the pile.
The tip of the tile carpet strip was freed about 10 mm, and the rest was wrapped with a cardboard board and held.
The tip of the tile carpet strip was struck with a striking material from the backing layer side and slowly slid in the width direction. The tip was pulled out little by little and this operation was repeated.
When the dissociated nylon fiber became long, care was taken not to dance. In this device shape, there is a possibility that a long thread is wound around the rotating part. The striking material that rotates at high speed is invisible and may fly by centrifugal force. It is dangerous to imitate as it is. The inventor was severely injured on the finger. It is recommended that this experimental method is not reproduced.

FIG. 19 shows the result. (A) is a beating speed of 23 m / s, (b) is 37 m / s, and (c) is 44 m / s.
The initial expectation was that the nylon pile and the polyester base fabric would break apart into yarns, and the weft of the base fabric would scatter with the PVC powder. Contrary to expectations, the base fabric was disaggregated in the form of a woven fabric. This was a good discovery that could solve various problems that would occur in post-processing, such as separation of weft yarn and resin and twisting of the yarn all at once.
During the basic experiment with the apparatus of Patent Document 73, it has been found that the state of powder disaggregation changes dramatically when beaten at a speed exceeding 50 m / s. The speed value this time does not seem to reach that value. However, in the apparatus of Patent Document 73, since the small pieces and the powder are rotated together, the substantial beating speed becomes lower than the speed of the striking material. In this experiment, since the processing material is gripped and stationary, the speed of 44 m / s is considered to exceed the effect of the speed of 50 m / s of the apparatus of Patent Document 73.
Nylon pile yarn PVC bumps have fewer (b) than in FIG. 19 (a) and are almost removed in (c). It is thought that the PVC pile of nylon pile yarn can be removed by increasing the speed, changing the shape of the striking material, or making the material gripping part a precision part and applying the material evenly. .
The PVC on the polyester base fabric is completely removed at any speed. The surface on the side of the backing layer is slightly gray.
A large lump of PVC is still seen in FIG. 19 (a). It can be inferred that the higher the beat speed, the finer. Nylon fibers and polyester fibers are not mixed into the PVC powder.

The backing layer contains glass fiber and is thick and easy to break. Although this cannot be separated, it cannot be confirmed even if it is enlarged from this image. Even if glass is mixed, there is no problem in recycling PVC, but a considerable amount can be separated as a tangled ball by a method such as sieving with a rotary sieve. The rotary sieve does not require power, space, or cost, and classifying the powder according to size is a matter of product, so there is no need to provide a special separation line.

Since the tip of this striking material is a hemisphere with a radius of 5 mm, the striking is mitigated from those with corners. Incidentally, in the fluororesin impregnated glass fiber cloth, the sheet was thin and the waist was weak and the resin was sometimes sticky, and disintegration was insufficient at a speed of 44 m / s.

Vinyl leather is a thick material used for cocoons, and the yarn of the woven fabric is thick and rough. Disaggregation was not possible at a speed of 44 m / s.
The tip of the hitting bar was cut to a flat surface. The hitting speed is a little less than 44 m / s. If the free part where the material protrudes from the part grasped by the cardboard was long, disaggregation could not be performed. The striking material was brought close to the cardboard and managed to break it up. When the striking position was so close that it touched the cardboard, wefts fell and slipped.
It cannot be judged from this experiment whether the striking speed of 44 m / s is appropriate for the geometry of the material and striking material. It can be seen that in order to keep the woven fabric in the original pattern and disentangle it, it is necessary to devise measures such as appropriately bringing the beating position close to the restraining position or setting an appropriate hitting speed.

The striking force varies depending not only on the speed but also on the shape of the striking material, the gripping position of the treated material, the distance between the gripping portion and the striking portion, the angle at which the material is applied, and the like. Generally, the appropriate speed for each material is considered to vary depending on the size and shape of each part of the apparatus and the type of processing material. In order to operate under conditions where only the resin is pulverized and the fibers are not cut, and the fibers are disaggregated in the form of a woven fabric, it is necessary to determine the conditions individually by test operation in the actual machine.

Fig. 20 shows the back and front of vinyl leather, disassembled PVC, warp and weft loosened by hand, and a partially enlarged view of them. It is completely disaggregated and it turns out that both are very clean.

The striking material was attached to a rotating tool of 30000 rpm, and a disaggregation experiment of a fluororesin-impregnated glass fiber cloth was performed.
The striking material was obtained by rounding both ends of a 3 mm diameter piano wire into a hemispherical shape. The total length was 45 mm. The beating speed is about 70 m / s. The rotating shaft is 5 mm in diameter, so that the rotating shaft does not bend due to severe centrifugal force, the protruding of the rotating shaft is limited to 10 mm, and the striking material is passed through a hole in the rotating shaft so that it is located at the base of the tool holder. Attached. The center of the striking material was chamfered so that it was difficult to come off, and it was screwed from the M3 screw hole drilled in the center of the rotating shaft.

A strip of about 20 mm in width of a fluororesin impregnated glass fiber cloth was used as a sample.
The tip of the sample was about 5 mm free, and the rest was wrapped with a cardboard board and held.
The tip of the sample was hit with a striking material and slid slowly in the width direction. The tip was pulled out little by little and this operation was repeated.
With this device geometry, the yarn is easily wrapped around the rotating part. The striking material that rotates at high speed is invisible and may fly by centrifugal force. There is a possibility that the rotating shaft bends due to intense centrifugal force and the balance is lost. It is dangerous to imitate as it is. It is recommended that this experimental method is not reproduced.
During the experiment, I sometimes received a strong tensile force and made a sound.

FIG. 21 shows the result of beating the fluororesin-impregnated glass fiber cloth.
The fluorine resin and glass fiber yarns are completely disaggregated. However, in the woven fabric of glass fiber yarn, the weft yarn is dropped and the warp yarn is cut.
In Example 1, 44 m / s hitting with a hemispherical bar with a radius of 5 mm was insufficient to disaggregate, but when hitting 70 m / s with a hemispherical bar with a radius of 1.5 mm, the resin and fibers were completely dissociated. I understand.
The glass yarn woven fabric did not retain its shape. The weft yarn is easy to fall off because the glass yarn is slippery, the glass yarn is thick, and the width of the sample is narrow. In addition, the larger reason is that a round bar with a diameter of 3 mm was stuck between the warp and the warp, hooked the weft, and pulled hard. The warp was also cut by that force. The strong tensile force and sound that occurred during the experiment were phenomena when the warp was cut. Regarding this, a countermeasure will be described in the fourth embodiment.

An experiment was conducted to confirm whether the resin can be disaggregated by repeated bending, not by hitting.
An eccentric bearing was mounted on the drilling machine, and the wooden slider device was reciprocated. A metal plate was attached to the tip of the slider, and a metal plate was also attached to the fixed frame. The fixed metal plate and the reciprocating metal plate were changed in height so that a gap of about 2 mm appeared.
A tile carpet strip was sandwiched between the fixed metal plate and the reciprocating metal plate, and the slider was reciprocated at high speed. The tile carpet belt is subjected to repeated bending stress between the fixed metal plate and the reciprocating metal plate.
The reciprocating stroke is about 10 mm, and the rotational speed is about 2600 rpm.
With this method, the tile carpet could not be disaggregated. It can be said that the disaggregation of the resin by repeated bending is not a practical means.
When the reciprocating stroke is 100 mm and the rotation speed is 7000 rpm, the instantaneous maximum speed of the slider is 37 m / s. In this case, the level of hitting will be reached, so disassembly of the tile carpet will be possible. However, it is difficult to perform such a severe operation with a self-made wooden device. Since the purpose is to determine whether it can be disbanded other than by hitting, it was kept at the above level.

A supplementary test of Example 2 was conducted.
By widening the striking material, the striking material was prevented from getting stuck between the warp and warp of the woven fabric.
The striking material was attached to a rotating tool at 30000 rpm. The striking material was a stainless steel plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm, a width of 12 mm, and a length of 45 mm. The beating speed is about 70 m / s. The rotating shaft has a striking plate holding portion having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 17 mm at the tip of a shaft having a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 30 mm that fits into the holder portion of the tool. A slit having a width of 1.5 mm and a length of 12 mm was put in the center of the holding portion of the rotating shaft. Insert the striking plate into the slit of the holding part of the rotating shaft. A hole was drilled in two places and fixed with a 2 mm diameter stainless steel bar. The rotating tool was mounted on the rotating tool so that the holding part with a diameter of 10 mm contacted the tool holder so that the portion with a diameter of 5 mm of the rotating shaft did not bend due to intense centrifugal force.
With this device geometry, the yarn is easily wrapped around the rotating part. The striking material that rotates at high speed is not visible, and the striking material may fly by centrifugal force. There is a possibility that the rotating shaft bends due to intense centrifugal force and the balance is lost. It is dangerous to imitate as it is. It is recommended that this experimental method is not reproduced.

Since the material of the fluororesin impregnated glass fiber cloth was depleted, a disaggregation experiment was conducted with vinyl leather. Two types of vinyl leather were prepared. One is a thin one that is affixed to a chair or the like, and the woven fabric is fine. The second one is a thick one used for cocoons, and the yarn of the woven fabric is thick and rough. Both were cut into a 30 mm wide strip.
The tip of the sample was about 5 mm free, and the rest was wrapped with a cardboard board and held.
The tip of the sample was hit with a striking material, quickly slid back several millimeters in the feeding direction, and fed by shifting it by about 10 mm in the width direction in three times. The tip was pulled out little by little and this operation was repeated. When the treated part became long, the treated part was bent and held under the cardboard holding the treated part so as not to get caught.

FIG. 22A shows the beating result of the thin sample, and FIG. 22B shows the beating result of the thick sample.
The resin and fiber are completely disaggregated. The woven fabric maintains the shape of the woven fabric. There is no fiber mixing in the resin.
A patch pattern of the thin sample woven fabric and a disorder of the thick sample woven fabric are observed. The speckled pattern and disturbance are caused by intermittent feeding, and the disturbance seems to be caused by the narrow width of the sample for the thickness of the thread. In addition, this material may be caused by the impact speed being too fast for the sharp shape of the impact material. As an actual machine, if the width of the treatment material is wide enough, smooth feeding, and the striking speed with respect to the striking material shape is adjusted appropriately, ideal disaggregation that keeps the shape of the woven fabric clean will be performed. It is estimated that

An example in which the present invention is conceived as a mechanical device will be described with reference to FIG.
The striking mechanism is a rotating body that can easily obtain a high speed.
The sheet-like processing material 001 is placed flat on the work table 401. A ruler 402 that corrects the posture of the material is provided on one side of the work table. There is a material moving means 219 at the tip of the work table. When the processing material 001 is inserted into the material moving unit 219, the processing material 001 is fed into the support unit 007 and the movement limiting unit 016 at a predetermined speed, and the ramping of the processing end 004 (not shown) is limited. The processing end portion 004 is hit by the rotary hitting means 223, and the processing end portion 004 is instantaneously separated into the resin and the woven fabric. The dissociated resin becomes small fragments and jumps downward, passes through the opening of the first carry-out device 405, and reaches the second carry-out device 406. The dissociated woven fabric hangs down at the tip of the processing end portion 004 while being bent downward. The processing material 001 is sequentially fed by the material moving means 219, and almost the entire surface of the processing material 001 is subjected to disaggregation processing. When the rear end of the processing material 001 deviates from the material moving means 219, the processing material 001 falls downward leaving a small processing remaining portion 015 and reaches the first carry-out device 405. The fallen disaggregation resin and the disaggregation woven fabric are discharged out of the disaggregation device 301 separately by the two carry-out devices.
The discharged resin particles are classified by a rotary sieve device (not shown) or the like, and particles having a predetermined size or less are packed as a recycled material. Larger particles remaining after sieving are pulverized by an existing pulverizer (not shown) and then packed as a recycled material.

The discharged woven fabric is cut into the unprocessed portion 015 by a cutting device (not shown), applied to a repelling machine (not shown), becomes cotton-like, and is reborn into a recycled nonwoven fabric by a needle punch (not shown). The untreated portion is discarded, or separated into components through a crushing and separating step, the resin content is recovered, and the fiber content is discarded. Alternatively, when the band of the left hand-processed portion 015 is cut vertically and reprocessed by the disaggregation apparatus 301, the unprocessed portion can be made minute and the recovery rate becomes high.

Alternatively, the discharged woven fabric is applied again to the disaggregation apparatus 301 with the supply direction reversed as shown in FIG. At this time, if the unprocessed portion is beaten, it is preferable that the material moving means 219 is quickly discharged or rapidly returned to be discharged quickly. A woven fabric separated 100% as a secondary treatment material is put into a cotton-like shape by being applied to a repelling machine (not shown), and is reborn into a recycled nonwoven fabric by a needle punch (not shown). In this case, only a small amount of dust generated due to the classification of the resin and the knitted fabrics is discarded, resulting in an extremely high regeneration rate.

Hereinafter, an example of the mechanism of each unit will be described with reference to the embodiment of FIG.
The rotary hitting means 223 is provided with a plurality of grooves 409 on the outer circumference of a cylinder 408 mounted on a shaft 407 supported at both ends by a bearing (not shown), and the hitting member 005 is inserted in a replaceable manner. The shaft 407 is rotationally driven by a motor (not shown). The rotation speed of the motor can be changed by an inverter (not shown).
The striking member 005 is a plate-like member protruding from the outer periphery of the cylinder, and is fitted into the groove 409 on the outer periphery of the cylinder. The striking member is pressed and fixed by a screw 410 from the inner diameter of the cylinder.
The support means 007 is a highly rigid structure, and the movement limiting means 016 is also a structure. They are fixed close to the striking member 005, and the gap with the striking member 005 can be finely adjusted by the adjusting mechanism 411. Further, the gap between the support means 007 and the movement limiting means 016 can be finely adjusted by the adjusting mechanism 412. The support means 007 is the same height as the work table 401, and an inclined portion 413 is provided on the insertion side so that the corner of the material is not caught. The movement limiting means 016 is provided with a large inclined portion 414 so that the corner of the material is not caught.
The material moving means 219 is as close as possible to the striking member 005 in order to reduce the unprocessed portion 015. A claw 206 similar to a sewing machine feeding device feeds a processing material by a small front up / down / down motion 207 by a driving mechanism 415. The claw 206 can project from a long hole 416 opened in the support means 007. At a position facing the claw 206, there is a presser plate 417 similar to a sewing machine, and the treatment material 001 is pressed against the claw 206 by a spring device 418 having a strength adjusting mechanism. The lower limit position of the presser plate 417 can be adjusted by the height adjusting mechanism 419 so that the material is not pushed too much.
The first carry-out device 405 is a mesh conveyor having a large opening, and is located below the rotary impacting means 223. The end portion protrudes outside the disaggregation device 301 and is connected to a transport device in a subsequent process (not shown).
The second carry-out device 406 is a belt conveyor and is located below the first carry-out device 405. The end portion protrudes outside the disaggregation device 301 and is connected to a transport device in a subsequent process (not shown).

Hereinafter, the example of the specification of each part is demonstrated in the Example of FIG.
The treatment material 001 is a band cut to a width of 500 mm which is easy to handle.
The cylinder 408 of the rotary hitting means 223 has a diameter of 580 mm, a thickness of 30 mm, and a width of 700 mm. A dovetail groove 409 having an opening of 10 mm for inserting the striking member 005 is provided on the outer periphery at 12 equal intervals. Four screw holes of M10 extending from the inner diameter of the cylinder 408 to the dovetail groove 409 are provided.
The striking member 005 has a portion that fits into the dovetail groove 409 at the rear end of a plate-like portion having a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 15 mm, and a length of 700 mm. When mounted on the cylinder, the tip is positioned at a diameter of 600 mm. On the back of the part that fits into the dovetail groove, four countersunks with a depth of 2 mm into which the tip of the M10 screw enters are provided.
The shaft 407 of the rotary hitting means 223 has a diameter of 80 mm. Both ends of the cylinder 408 are closed by a disc 420 having a hole, and are fixed to the shaft 407 by a mechanical lock 421. Both ends of the shaft 407 are held by bearings (not shown). A V pulley (not shown) is fixed to one end of the shaft, and power is transmitted from a motor (not shown) by a V belt (not shown).
The motor is a 4-pole 200V three-phase motor with a power of 22 kW. The pulley ratio of the rotary hitting means 223 to the shaft 407 is 1.1 times speedup. The beating speed is 50 m / s at 50 Hz. The beat speed is set by an inverter (not shown).
The position of the ruler 402 is 100 mm from the end of the cylinder 408.
The gap between the support means 007 and the movement limiting means 016 can be adjusted to 0 to 10 mm. The gap between the tip of the support means 007 and the striking member 005 can be adjusted to 0.1 to 20 mm.
The claw 206 of the material moving means 219 V-cuts the upper surface of a 20 mm thick plate vertically and horizontally. The V-cut is 30 degrees and the depth is 2 mm. It is hardened so as not to wear, and is polished to give sharpness. The claw 206 performs a front / rear / lower movement 207 of a substantially rectangular shape of 3 mm in the vertical direction and 10 mm in the horizontal direction in a long hole 416 provided in the support means 007 with a width of 22 mm. The front upper rear lower movement 207 is driven by the cam mechanism 415. Nail | claw 206 arrange | positions nine pieces with a 50 mm pitch, 3 groups of 1 set of 3 pieces are combined in a nesting, and differ according to a group. The treatment material 001 is always bitten by one of the claws 206 and is fed at a uniform speed. The cam mechanism 415 of the material moving means 219 is driven by a motor (not shown), and the speed of the motor is controlled by an inverter (not shown). The adjustment range of the feeding speed is 0 to 200 mm / s.
The mesh opening of the first carry-out device 405 is 1 inch. The effective width is 600 mm.
The effective width of the second carry-out device 406 is 800 mm.
The rotary striking means 223 and the like are covered with a cover 422 having a width of about 800 mm, and a steeply inclined guide plate (not shown) is provided on the conveyor 406, and all the separated resin and fibers fall onto the carry-out device.

In this example, the striking members 005 are mounted in 12 equal intervals, but the number of beatings per rotation increases as the number increases. As the number of beatings increases, power is required, but it goes without saying that the amount of processing per hour increases. However, if the interval between the striking members becomes excessively small, the striking force may be reduced. The optimum number of arrangements should be determined in consideration of the relationship between the speed, the material, and the restraint position according to the target processing amount.

A conceptual example of a different mechanism of the disaggregation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 24 using a composite material as a tile carpet. The symbols * and * in the figure mean that the middle of the relationship where the pipes are connected is omitted.
The size of the tile carpet is 500 mm square. The tile carpet is supplied with the direction of the pile vertical.
The striking member 005 is a steel ball having a diameter of 8 mm. The striking member 005 rides on the high-speed air flow squeezed by the nozzle 431 and collides with the front end of the processing material 001 at high speed, and the front end of the processing material is instantly separated into resin and fiber. The nozzle 431 has a width of 10 mm and a length of 520 mm. The air speed is about 16 Lube / min and the wind speed is 50 m / s.
The disaggregation apparatus 301 is covered with a substantially sealed container 432 in the main part. Air is supplied to the nozzle 431 from a duct 433 opened to the outside. In the path from the duct 433 to the nozzle 431, a striking member supply portion 434 is provided for placing the recovered striking member 005 of the steel ball on the air flow again. A bypass air supply duct 435 is provided separately from the nozzle duct 433. A damper 436 is provided in the bypass air supply duct 435.
A material discharge / suction port 210 having a width of 100 mm and a length of 600 mm is provided under the hitting portion 437. The material discharge / suction port 210 is connected to a collection device such as a bag filter (not shown). The collection device is sucked by a high-pressure fan (not shown) of 60 Lube / min. A wind speed of approximately 17 m / s is generated at the material discharge suction port 210. By adjusting the air volume of the bypass air of the bypass air supply duct 435 with the damper 436, a necessary wind speed is generated in the nozzle 431 that discharges the striking member 005.
The bypass air supply duct 435 has a nozzle 438 having substantially the same size as the material discharge suction port 210 at the tip, and is opposed to the material discharge suction port 210.
The material discharge / suction port 210 is provided at a position retracted from the passage route of the striking member 005. The striking member 005 falls without being sucked due to inertia and weight, passes through the shock absorbing portion 439, is blocked by the gate 440, moves backward, accumulates in the stock section 441, is picked up by the bucket conveyor 442, and is conveyed in alignment. The The bucket conveyor 442 reaches the striking member supply part 434, and the striking member 005 is discharged into the nozzle duct 433 in an orderly manner. The speed of the drive motor (not shown) of the bucket conveyor 442 is controlled by an inverter (not shown).
The dissociated resin is sucked from the material discharge suction port 210 and collected by a collecting device (not shown).
The understood base fabric is in a state where the tip is sucked into the material discharge suction port 210. The disassembled nylon thread is in a state where the tip is sucked into the material discharge suction port 210. When the processing material 001 is removed from the material transfer means 219, the base fabric and nylon thread bonded to the unprocessed portion are sucked from the material discharge suction port 210 and captured by the capturing device 443 in the middle of the path to the recovery device (not shown). And recovered. The capturing device 443 is an extrusion device 445 that moves upward and downward from the upper side with a comb structure 444 having a pitch of 100 mm. The capturing device 443 engages with a lower discharge roll 446 and discharges the sheet to the outside.
The support means 007 is a highly rigid structure, and the movement limiting means 016 is also a structure. They are fixed in the vicinity of the striking material discharge nozzle 431, and the gap with the striking material discharge nozzle 431 can be finely adjusted by the adjusting mechanism 411. Further, the gap between the support means 007 and the movement limiting means 016 can be finely adjusted by the adjusting mechanism 412. The support means 007 is the same height as the work table 401, and an inclined portion 413 is provided on the insertion side so that the corner of the material is not caught. The movement limiting means 016 is provided with a large inclined portion 414 so that the corner of the material is not caught.
The material transfer means 219 is composed of two rolls 201. The position of the lower roll 201 is fixed, and the upper roll 201 can slide up and down and is pushed downward by an adjustable spring 447. The lower limit position of the upper roll 201 can be adjusted by the height adjusting device 448. The roll 201 is made of metal having a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 100 mm, and four pieces are fixed to a shaft having a diameter of 25 mm at a pitch of 150 mm. The roll 201 cuts flat knurled around. The lower roll 201 protrudes 1 mm from a long hole 416 having a width of 104 mm provided in the support means 007. The movement limiting means 016 is also provided with a long hole at the same position, and the upper roll 201 protrudes. The material moving means 219 can move together with the supporting means 007 and the movement limiting means 016, and the roll 201 is provided as close to the tip of the supporting means 007 as possible.
There is a work table 401 in front of the material moving means 219, and two rulers 402 are provided on the table 401 at an interval of about 500 mm. The position of the ruler 402 can be adjusted.

Primarily treated tile carpet has long nylon threads. As shown in FIG. 11, when reprocessing the unprocessed portion 015, immediately after the unprocessed portion is disaggregated, the roll car is reversed at a high speed so that the secondary treated tile car head becomes an independent base fabric and nylon yarn. It is convenient to quickly return to the operator's hand and collect the yarn without entanglement.

The number of hits that affect the processing capacity per hour can be adjusted by controlling the speed of the bucket conveyor 442 supplied to the hitting member supply site 434.

In the case of used tile carpets, piles that have been damaged and cut are collected together with the resin powder as nylon yarn fragments. A rotary sieve or the like is sufficient to separate the yarn from the resin powder. If the fibers are cotton-like, resin balls entangled as fiber balls remain. Fiber balls must be discarded if there is no use for nylon fibers containing PVC. The amount of waste depends on how painful the tile carpet is, but it will be only a few percent of the throughput because it is light cotton waste. The conventional waste amount of nearly 30% is the difference between cloud mud.
If the edge of the material is not completely parallel to the warp of the woven fabric, the warp of that part may fall off. At the tip of the material, the weft is easily removed from the warp. Therefore, a small amount of fibers may be mixed in the resin powder. Since the mixed fibers are long, thread-like and small, they can be easily removed from the resin powder with a rotary sieve.
If the width is narrow after the material has been punched out of the product, part of the thread may fall off. In this case, a certain amount of fibers may be mixed in the resin powder. The mixed fiber is relatively long and thread-like, and its amount is limited, and can be removed from the resin powder by a rotary sieve or the like.

The shape of the flying object, the acceleration method, and the supply method are not limited to those described here.
The treatment material is not always fed parallel to the edges. For example, there is a method of reducing the amount of waste by making the unprocessed portion at the end into a triangular shape with a small area by feeding it in a diamond shape.
In the embodiment, the woven fabric that has been disaggregated has been described as being made cotton-like by applying it to a repelling machine, but the reuse is not limited to these methods. There is also a method of increasing the value of reuse as an aligned long fiber by making a dedicated device that sequentially removes the weft from the end. It can be reused in the form of a woven fabric.

The explanation has been given with priority on the long-fiber tile carpet. For example, a rubber dust mat is a cut pile obtained by cutting the head of a loop pile, and the fiber length is about 20 mm. Although such a thing can also be made into the object of disaggregation, the isolation | separation process of a powder and a fiber is needed. A rotary sieve or wind separation is appropriate. There is no fiber pain, and high-quality fibers with the same length can be collected. Also, the rubber mat does not easily become powder with the conventional crushing device. If the disaggregation device of the present invention is used, the captured material is struck sequentially from the end so that there is an advantage that it becomes easy to become powder.

Based on the concepts of Examples 5 and 6, an experimental machine that can be created as inexpensively as possible was created, and the basic functions were confirmed.
FIG. 25 is a photograph of the experimental machine. FIG. 26 shows the main part.
The rotary hitting means 223 has a shaft 407 fixed to the center of the two discs 420, and the hitting members 005 are screwed at 12 equal intervals. The shaft 420 is held by a bearing with a flange (not shown) fixed to the housing 221 and is directly connected to a motor (not shown) by a coupling (not shown). The striking member 005 is a flat bar having a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 120 mm, and a length of 200 mm. The motor is a three-phase 200V, 4-pole, 5.5KW, and the rotation speed can be changed by an inverter (not shown). The tip of the striking member 005 makes a circular motion having a diameter of 600 mm.
The roller 201 has a diameter of 50 mm and an effective width of 178 mm. The lower roller is held by a fixed bearing (not shown) and is driven by a reduction motor (not shown). The upper roller is held by a bearing (not shown) fixed to a lever having a fulcrum (not shown) and can swing up and down. The upper roller is pressed downward by a spring (not shown), and the roller gap can be adjusted by a height adjusting screw (not shown). The upper roller is driven by a gear (not shown) from the lower roller. The speed reduction motor is a three-phase 200V, 4 pole, 0.2kW, 1/25 speed reduction, and the rotation speed can be changed by an inverter not shown.
A support means 007 is fixed at the tip of the roller feeding device, and a movement limiting means 016 is fixed to the support means 007 so that the gap can be adjusted with an adjustment screw (not shown).
The roller feeding device, the support means 007, the movement limiting means 016, the work table 401 and the ruler 402 are an integral structure, can be moved horizontally, and are fixed by an adjusting screw (not shown). The gap between the striking member 005 and the support means 007 can be adjusted to 0 to 10 mm.
The interval between the rulers 402 is 170 mm.
A material discharge suction port 210 is provided below the air 008 between the striking member 005 and the support means 007, and can be sucked by a fan through a wooden box (not shown). The diameter of the duct is 150 mm. The wooden box has a length of 1800 mm, a width of 450 mm, and a height of 450 mm, and the internal wind becomes low speed, and most of the disaggregated fibers and disaggregated resin fall and can be recovered. The fan used was 2.2KW on hand.

FIG. 27 shows the result of disaggregation of the tile carpet. The pile is a long nylon thread, and the base fabric remains in a woven shape, and both are aligned and bonded to the unprocessed portion. Although some bumps remain on the nylon thread, the base fabric is very clean. Although not shown in the photograph, the vinyl chloride resin was recovered as a powder of about 0.1 to 2 mm with no fiber mixing. Nylon yarn bumps could be completely removed in subsequent improvements.
FIG. 28 shows the results of disaggregation of the PVC tarpaulin sheet and the EVA tarpaulin sheet. The woven fabric keeps its shape and is very clean. The resin was disaggregated to a stunning extent. The disaggregation resin became a thin ribbon shape instead of powder.
FIG. 29 shows the result of disaggregation of the fluororesin impregnated cloth. The fiberglass woven fabric shown in the left half is a dropped thread. The fluororesin in the right half was light and flew far away in a wooden box, which was cleanly separated from the yarn.

Explain the specifications for dismantling tile carpets.
The width of the tested tile carpet was 110 mm. The speed of the striking member 005 was 45 m / sec. The feeding speed of the tile carpet was 21 mm / sec. The gap between the striking member 005 and the supporting means 007 was 5 mm.
The feed amount of the processing material per impact is 0.07 mm.
The driving power during idling was approximately 750W. The driving power during the disaggregation process was approximately 1730W. The power required for disaggregation is about 1000W.
The power required for disaggregation when a 500 mm square tile carpet is disaggregated at 120 mm / sec can be calculated to be approximately 26 KW.
The 500 mm square tile carpet weighs about 1.2 kgr. The processing capacity when continuously processed at a feeding speed of 120 mm / sec can be calculated as approximately 1 ton / H.
The motor power necessary for the disaggregation processing of the 1 ton / H tile carpet can be calculated to be approximately 42 KW, assuming that the idling power is 2.3 KW and the safety factor is 1.5.
The material recycling of wallpaper required a processing capacity of 600 kgr / sec, a stripping device of 30 KW, a beating device of 60 to 90 KW, a fan of about 70 KW in total, and other devices of about 20 KW. Compared to this, it can be seen how the present invention saves power. Even if 7.5 KW is used for the recovery fan, it is about 50 KW.

Suppose that the power of 1000 W is the power that returns the striking body decelerated by striking to its original speed during 1/12 rotation. The acceleration time is approximately 0.0035 sec. If the total weight of the rotary hitting means 223 is approximately 16 kgr, the acceleration at a power of 1000 W can be calculated as 1.4 m / sec 2. The ratio of the speed after 0.0035 sec and the speed of 45 m / sec at an acceleration of 1.4 m / sec 2 is the speed reduction rate, which is approximately 0.0001. The rate of decrease in the speed of the striking member due to the collision of 0.0001 used for calculating the striking force in [0030] is described with this value as the background.

The number of striking members required to disaggregate a 1 ton / H tile carpet is 12 equidistant to disaggregate 21 mm per second, so it can be calculated as 69 equidistant.

The best mode of the disaggregation apparatus of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 30 shows the main structure.
In the rotary hitting means 223, hitting members 005 are screwed into a disc 420 fixed to a shaft 407 at 60 equal intervals. The tip of the striking member 005 makes a circular motion having a diameter of 600 mm. The effective width of the striking member 005 is 600 mm.
The shaft 407 is supported by a bearing (not shown) and is driven by a V pulley and a V belt (not shown) by a motor (not shown). The direction of rotation is clockwise in FIG. The motor is three-phase 200V, 4 pole, 42KW. The pitch diameter ratio of the V pulley is 1: 1. The motor can be rotated by an inverter (not shown).
Support means 007 adjacent to the striking member 005 is provided on the right side of the rotary striking means 223. The support means 007 is integral with the work table 401. The support means 007 is supported at its tip by a strong support block 509. Two rulers 402 are fixed to the work table 401. The interval between the rulers 402 is 510 mm.
The support means 007 has eight long holes of 96 mm length and 52 mm width with a pitch of 67 mm. The 15mm beam between the long hole. The treatment material 001 is prevented from being wound around the roller 201.
Eight rollers 201 are fixed to a roller shaft 510 having a diameter of 160 mm and a width of 50 mm, and a diameter of 60 mm. Around the roller 201, the twill knurling of the module 2 is processed. The roller 201 protrudes 1 mm from the long hole of the support means 007. The roller shaft 510 is driven by a reduction motor (not shown) and a chain (not shown). The motor has three-phase 200V, 4 poles, 0.4kW, 1/60 speed reduction. The motor can be rotated by an inverter (not shown).
A roller 202 is supported on the roller 201 so as to be able to swing, and is pressed from a supply frame 511 by a spring. The rollers 202 have a width of 20 mm and are arranged in 21 pieces, each of which can move independently and follow the roll 201. Since the roller 201 and the roller 202 have large diameters, the processing material 001 is easily bitten, so the roller 202 does not need a gap adjusting mechanism. The roller 202 is attached with a guide 503 that ensures the movement of the processing material 001.
On the tip of the support means 007, vibration stop means 228 is provided. Twenty-six claw blocks 504 with a width of 20 mm are arranged at the tip of the vibration stopping means 228, and can be swung at a fulcrum and pressed by a spring. The claw block 504 has a screw that has a limited swing range. The vibration stop means 228 is a vibration cylinder driven by a high-pressure air, and vibrates 70 times per second. The gap between the support unit 007 and the vibration stopping unit 228 can be adjusted by the height adjusting mechanism 448. The gap between the supporting means 007 and the vibration stopping means 228 can be adjusted to 0 to 10 mm.
The supporting means 007, the vibration stopping means 228, the material moving means 219, the work table 401, and the ruler 402 are unitized by the supply frame 511, and can be fixed by moving to the left and right by an adjustment mechanism (not shown). The gap between the striking member 005 and the support means 0007 can be adjusted to 0 to 10 mm.
A cylindrical casing 221 having an inner diameter of 610 mm is provided around the rotary hitting means 223. The casing 221 has a narrow opening for feeding the processing material. Further, an air intake 226 and a material discharge means 020 are provided. The material discharge means 020 includes a material discharge suction port 210, a sorting discharge port 222, a forced discharge means 218, and an auxiliary striking table 220.
The sorting outlet 222 has a swash plate 224. Since the casing 221 has a cylindrical shape close to the rotary striking means 223, the dropped fibers 136 with the resin remaining and the large-sized release resin 137 remain in the casing 221 and are stirred by the rotary striking means 223, so that the resin The detached fallen fibers 138 and the resin 139 become finer, and are sucked and discharged from the sorting discharge port 222.
The disaggregation fiber 002 is sucked by the material discharge suction port 210 and reaches the forced discharge means 218. The forcible discharging means 218 pushes the disaggregation fibers 002 intermittently by a pushing knife 216 that reciprocates by a drive (not shown) against a rubber gate that is bent and strongly pressed against the discharging table 505 and discharges it.
The auxiliary striking table 220 has a cylindrical shape that can rotate. The remaining processing portion 015 away from the vibration stopping means 228 is sorted by the swash plate 224 and reversely moved to the stock portion behind the auxiliary striking table 220. By sending out the disaggregation fiber 002 by the forcible discharge means 218, the remaining processing portion 015 returns to the auxiliary striking table 220 that is driven to rotate, and the striking member 005 disassembles the remaining processing portion 015. The disaggregation fibers 002 are aligned and discharged by the forced discharging means 218.
An adjustment plate 501 is provided on the material discharge / suction port 210. The adjusting plate 501 functions to adjust the position of the aligned disaggregated fibers with respect to the striking member 005, and creates a rubbing region 018 indicated by hatching.
The housing 221 has a hinge 506 and the upper part is opened. Maintenance such as replacement of the striking member 005 is facilitated.
A cover 422 is provided outside the housing 221. The cover 422 has a hinge 506 that is open at the top.
Between the housing 221 and the cover 422, a sound absorbing material 507 is filled up and down.
The cover 422 and the supply frame 511 are sealed with a seal 508, and the seal is maintained even when the supply frame 511 is adjusted.

A tile carpet of 500 mm square can be disaggregated as it is. The assumed processing capacity of the disaggregation apparatus 301 is 1 ton per hour for a tile carpet. Strike at a speed of approximately 45 m / sec. The material moving speed is approximately 120 mm / sec. The gap between the striking member 005 and the support means 0007 is approximately 3 mm.
The tile carpet is completely disaggregated with PVC resin powder, base fabric and nylon thread. In the rubbing area 018, the residual PVC of nylon yarn is rubbed with the rubbing surface 010 of the striking member 005 and completely removed. The vibration stopping means performs the disaggregation with a small amount of the remaining processing portion 015, and the residual processing portion 015 is eliminated by the action of the forced discharging means 218 and the auxiliary striking table 220. The completely disaggregated base fabric and nylon thread are aligned and discharged by the forced discharging means 218, and the dissociated PVC resin powder passes through the suction path 213 from the material discharge suction port 210, and is collected by an external recovery device 310 (not shown). Collected. The recovered PVC resin powder that has been disaggregated is classified with a sieve (not shown) as necessary to become a recycled product. The base fabric and nylon yarn will be recycled as they are.

Different forms of the disaggregation apparatus of the present invention will be described.
This is illustrated in FIG.
In order to make a more compact and simple disaggregation device, the function was omitted as much as possible.
The effective width of the treatment material 001 was reduced to 250 mm. Assume that there are four rolls 201 and eleven rollers 202. The effective width of the striking member 005 is 300 mm. The effective width of the ruler 402 is 260 mm.
The vibration stopping means 228 is eliminated, and the disaggregation processing is completely performed by a method of processing again with the remaining processing portion 015 as the head. When the processing of the unprocessed portion 015 is completed, when a foot switch (not shown) is stepped on, the roller 201 is reversed at high speed, and the disaggregation fiber 002 returns to the operator's hand.
When the guide 503 is extended, the movement limiting means 016 functions, and the disaggregation processing of the flexible and thin processing material 001 is ensured.
The processing material is limited to those without the pile 102. Since there is no pile 102, the rubbing area 018 is also unnecessary. The disaggregation fiber 002 is discharged from the material discharge / suction port 210 together with the disaggregation resin 003 and separated by an external collection device (not shown). The disaggregated fiber in the form of a woven fabric can be dropped and separated by providing a box (not shown) that reduces the speed of the conveying air. The disaggregated fiber 002 mixed with the yarn is separated by a sieving device (not shown).

It can be used in industries that separate fiber composites into fibers and resins and use them as material recycling materials. It can be used in industries that separate composite materials into components for material recycling. It can be used in industries that disaggregate and pulverize many types of materials, such as single-material, multilayer-material-attached molded bodies, coating materials, and electric boards.

001 Long fiber composite material, treatment material 002 Release fiber 003 Release resin 004 Treatment end 005 Strike member 006 Strike operation 007 Support means 008 Aerial 009 Strike face 010 Rubbing face 011 Movement action 012 Rotating motion 013 Launching means 014 Reciprocating motion 015 Untreated Part 016 Movement limiting means 017 Part 018 immediately after disengagement Rub area 019 Retraction force 020 Material discharging means 101 Woven cloth 102 Pile 103 Resin sheet 104 Resin 106 Yarn 110 Paper 111 PVC 112 Rubber 113 Cut pile 114 Polyethylene curtain 120 Gypsum 131 Base cloth 132 Backing layer 133 Dissolved base fabric 134 Dissociated nylon thread, dissociated thread 135 Loose nylon thread 136 Dropped fiber 137 with resin remaining Large dissociation resin 138 Dropped fiber 139 with resin removed Fine tree Grease 201 Roller 202 Roller 203 Pressing plate 204 Belt 205 Sliding plate 206 Claw 207 Front-up / back-down motion 208 Gripping device 209 Reciprocating motion 210 Material discharge / suction port 211 Cover 212 Flow path 213 Suction path 214 Bypass path 215 Discharge roller 216 Push knife 217 External 218 Forced discharge means 219 Material transfer means 220 Auxiliary striking table 221 Housing 222 Sorting discharge port 223 Rotating striking means 224 Swash plate 226 Air intake 227 Collection device 228 Vibration stop means 229 Table 230 Discharge roller 231 Discharge guide 232 Grasping means 301 Disaggregation device 302 Disaggregation device 303 Temporary processing material 304 Secondary processing material 305 Discharge port 306 Insertion side 310 Recovery device 311 Fan 312 Duct 313 Bypass duct 401 Work table 402 Ruler 405 First carrier Device 406 Second unloading device 407 Shaft 408 Cylinder 409 Groove 410 Screw 411 Adjustment mechanism 412 Adjustment mechanism 413 Inclination portion 414 Inclination portion 415 Drive mechanism 416 Long hole 417 Press plate 418 Spring device 419 Height adjustment mechanism 420 Disc 421 Mechanical lock 422 Cover 431 Blowing material discharge nozzle 432 Substantially sealed container 433 Nozzle duct 434 Blowing member supply part 435 Bypass air supply duct 436 Damper 437 Blowing part 438 Nozzle 439 Shock absorption part 440 Gate 441 Stock part 442 Bucket conveyor 443 Capture device 444 Comb structure 445 Extrusion Device 446 Discharge roll 447 Adjustable spring 448 Height adjustment device 501 Adjustment plate 502 Rubber gate 503 Guide 504 Claw block 505 Discharge base 506 Hinge 507 Sound absorbing material 508 Seal 509 Support block 510 Roller shaft 511 Supply frame 512 Vibrating cylinder 513 Stock part

Claims

∙ A method in which the composite material is left in its original shape, the end is exposed to the air, the end is struck with a member that does not cut, and the constituent components are disaggregated.
A method of disaggregating the constituents by exposing the end of the composite material to the air while keeping the original shape, moving the composite material in the air direction, and continuously hitting the end with a member that does not cut the end.
The disaggregation method according to claim 1, wherein the composite material is a long fiber composite material.
The disaggregation apparatus according to the method according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, comprising a continuous striking means, a supporting means, a material moving means, and a material discharging means.
5. The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the continuous hitting means is a rotary hitting means.
The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the continuous hitting means is a flying hitting means.
The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the continuous hitting means is a reciprocating hitting means.
The disaggregation device according to claim 4, 5, 6, or 7, wherein the striking member has a width larger than the interval between the yarns of the woven fabric of the long fiber composite material.
9. The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, further comprising a movement limiting means.
10. The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, wherein the material moving means includes vibration stopping means.
The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, wherein the disaggregation fibers are discharged in a state of being bonded to the untreated portion.
The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, wherein the material discharging means is a material discharging suction port.
13. The disaggregation device according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, wherein the material discharging means is a sorting discharge port.
14. A disaggregation device according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 characterized by comprising forced discharge means.
15. The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising an auxiliary striking table.
16. The disaggregation device according to claim 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 having a rubbing region.
A method of sending a long-fiber composite with a remaining processing portion starting from the remaining processing portion and dismantling the remaining processing portion.
The disaggregation apparatus according to claim 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16, characterized in that an exhaust of a suction fan of the disaggregation apparatus is connected to an air intake port of the disaggregation apparatus with a duct having a bypass duct opened to the outside. Soundproofing method.
Claims 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Recycled resin and recycled fibers produced by the disaggregation apparatus.