JP2007216187A - Disintegration device, and crushing facility - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disintegration device capable of performing the crushing without damaging the device even when hard foreign matters such as a metallic tool are mixed in a resin waste. <P>SOLUTION: The disintegration device comprises a receiving hopper 1 for throwing object to be disintegrated therein, a disintegration unit A arranged on a lower end of the hopper 1 to disintegrate the object downwardly between a plurality of rotary blades 5a mounted on a circumferential face of a disintegration rotor 5 and an edge 6a of a guide table 4, and a pressing mechanism 300 for pressing the object thrown in the receiving hopper 1 against the disintegration unit A along the guide table 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus and a crushing treatment facility for crushing waste such as agricultural nets wound in a roll shape or a long vinyl sheet.

  Conventionally, as a crushing device for crushing bulk waste such as electrical appliances, building waste materials, plastics, etc. into a small size, a receiving hopper for feeding the material to be crushed, and a plurality of pieces arranged on the peripheral surface are arranged below the receiving hopper And a crushing processing unit comprising a crushing rotor rotating around a horizontal axis and a fixed blade arranged opposite to the crushing rotor, and a crushing processing unit disposed along a lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor. There has been proposed a uniaxial crushing apparatus including a screen mechanism having a plurality of openings through which a material to be crushed by a processing unit selectively passes.

  In addition, in order to separate garbage bags made of synthetic resin such as polyethylene in which garbage is contained and garbage that is contained in the bag, as a bag breaking device that breaks the garbage bag, an upper input hopper and a lower discharge port A fixed blade is disposed at a position intersecting the rotary blade of the rotary shaft and the rotary blade of the rotary shaft, and the cutting blade is wound around the rotary shaft on the opposite side of the fixed blade. Has been proposed in which the blade surface is disposed at a position close to the rotation axis.

JP 2005-270893 A JP 2005-246276 A

  In recent years, from the viewpoint of resource saving, attempts have been made to finely crush resin waste and reuse it for fuel and the like. However, agricultural nets wound into rolls and long vinyl sheets are often mixed with hard foreign substances such as metal during the winding operation, and bale products containing such foreign substances (compressed) In the case of crushing lump waste such as packaged products) or roll products with the above crushing device, the foreign matter mixed in the material to be crushed is sandwiched between the rotating blade and fixed blade of the crushing device, and the rotating blade or fixed blade As a result, there is a problem that the maintenance of the apparatus is damaged, and the maintenance of the apparatus may be expensive, and the development of an appropriate processing apparatus has been desired.

  Furthermore, since the screen mechanism described above is generally configured such that the diameter of the opening portion is several millimeters to several tens of millimeters in order to selectively pass a small-diameter object to be crushed, the object to be crushed is wound. When collecting and collecting, when the bulk specific gravity is increased by earth and sand or water adhering to the sheet, if the above screen mechanism is used, crushing objects accumulate between the crushing processing unit and the screen mechanism, causing clogging. In addition to the problem that the efficiency to be crushed is greatly reduced, there is also a problem that the crushed vinyl piece is thickly attached to the cutting edge of the rotary blade and the crushing treatment with the fixed blade is delayed.

  On the other hand, the above-described bag breaking device is for breaking garbage bags, and since the blade body is composed of a columnar body of an equilateral triangle, an agricultural net or a long vinyl wound up in a roll shape. It is difficult to crush a compact such as a sheet, and there is a problem in that the blade body is damaged by foreign matter, as described above.

  For this reason, it is necessary to rewind and crush after removing the foreign metal from the above-mentioned waste, and there is a problem that the processing cost increases.

  In view of the above-described problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a crushing apparatus capable of performing crushing treatment without causing damage to the apparatus, even if it is resin waste mixed with hard foreign matters such as metal. It is in providing crushing treatment equipment.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the first characteristic configuration of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention is as described in claim 1 of the document of the claims, and includes a receiving hopper for feeding an object to be crushed, A crushing processing unit disposed at the lower end and crushing the object to be crushed downward between a plurality of rotary blades attached to the peripheral surface of the crushing rotor and the edge of the guide table; And a pressing mechanism that presses the object to be crushed put into the receiving hopper along the guide table against the crushing processing unit.

  According to the configuration described above, a process in which a lump or the like wound up with a long resin, which is an object to be crushed, is introduced into the receiving hopper and pressed by the crushing rotor of the crushing processing unit by the pressing mechanism. In this case, the crushed material is cut by the rotating blade, and even if foreign matter mixed in the material to be crushed contacts the rotating blade, it falls downward from between the edge of the rotating blade and the guide table. Therefore, the rotary blade can be smoothly crushed without damaging the rotary blade.

  In addition to the first feature configuration described above, the second feature configuration is provided with a scraping tool at a position facing the crushing processing unit with the crushing rotor interposed therebetween, It is in the point which provides the scraping part which scrapes off the said to-be-decomposed material between rotary blades.

  According to the above-described configuration, the crushed pieces that are crushed by the pulverization processing unit and conveyed by being entangled with the rotary blade are the scraping tool provided at a position facing the pulverization processing unit and the rotation It is scraped off between the blades and can be scraped off following the crushing process. At this time, since no foreign matter is accompanied by the scraped portion, a situation that damages the scraping tool or the rotary blade does not occur.

  In the third feature configuration, as described in claim 3, in addition to the second feature configuration described above, the crushed pieces scraped off by the scraping portion are selectively provided below the scraping portion. A screen mechanism having a plurality of openings to be passed is provided along the peripheral surface of the crushing rotor.

  By providing a screen mechanism below the scraping portion, a crushed piece having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the opening formed in the screen mechanism scraped by the scraping portion passes through the screen mechanism, and the opening portion The crushed piece having a diameter larger than the diameter of the slag is retained and scraped off until it becomes a crushed piece that can pass through the opening at the scraped portion. Therefore, the crushed pieces can be efficiently scraped off so that the pieces are smaller than the diameter of the opening.

  In addition to the second feature configuration described above, the fourth feature configuration is the crushed piece that has been scraped off by the scraping portion along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor, as described in the fourth aspect. A screen mechanism having a plurality of openings for selectively passing through the opening is provided, and the opening area of the opening is configured so that the lower part of the crushing part is larger than the lower part of the scraping part. In the point.

  According to the above configuration, the opening area of the opening portion of the screen mechanism provided along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor is configured so that the crushing processing unit side is larger than the scraping unit side. Therefore, the foreign matter mixed in the material to be crushed when it is crushed by the crushing processing unit falls down from the screen mechanism as it is, but the long crushed pieces are prevented from falling by the screen mechanism. Then, it is conveyed to the scraping part. Therefore, the material to be crushed is efficiently scraped off at the scraping portion.

  In the fifth feature configuration, as described in claim 5, in addition to any of the first to fourth feature configurations described above, an inclined surface whose tip is inclined downward is formed on the edge of the guide table. It is in the point provided.

  By providing a surface with the tip inclined downward on the edge of the guide table, the foreign object is caught between the rotary blade and the edge of the guide table even when the foreign object contacts the rotary blade during the crushing process. It will easily fall along the inclined surface without reaching a situation where it falls.

  Furthermore, by providing the edge of the guide table with a surface whose tip is inclined downward, it is possible to ensure sufficient time for the rotary blade to apply the crushing force to the object to be crushed, and at the same time, By pulling the crushed material into the gap d, the material to be crushed can be effectively crushed, thereby allowing the foreign matter to be easily separated.

  In addition to any one of the first to fifth feature configurations described above, the sixth feature configuration in the pressing direction of the object to be crushed pressed along the guide table is as described in claim 6. The crushing angle of the rotary blade is set in a range of 5 ° to 30 °.

  By setting the crushing angle to 5 ° to 30 °, a suitable cutting angle of the rotary blade with respect to the object to be crushed can be ensured, and thereby the reaction force received from the object to be processed can be reduced. As a result, the crushing process can be effectively performed. Further, even when the foreign object entrained in the object to be crushed and the rotary blade come into contact with each other, the foreign object in contact with the rotary blade bounces downward without splashing upward, and the rotary blade and the guide table It can be dropped into the gap at the edge.

  In addition to any one of the second to sixth characteristic configurations described above, the seventh characteristic configuration includes a scraping angle of the rotary blade with respect to the scraping tool from 5 °. It is in the point set in the range of 30 degrees.

  By setting the scraping angle to 5 ° to 30 °, the reaction force that the rotary blade receives from the crushed pieces can be reduced when the crushed pieces are scraped off as described above.

  According to the first characteristic configuration of the crushing and crushing treatment facility according to the present invention, as described in claim 8 of the claims, in the subsequent stage of the crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It exists in the point which provided the crushing apparatus for crushing the to-be-crashed object to be crushed.

  According to the above-described configuration, since the foreign matter contained in the material to be crushed can be removed by the crushing device before the material to be crushed is finely crushed by the crushing device, damage or failure of the crushing device due to the foreign material can be prevented. Can be prevented.

  As described above, according to the present invention, while removing the metal foreign matter mixed in the bale product or roll product obtained by winding up and collecting the resin sheet without damaging the rotary blade or scraper of the crushing apparatus, It has become possible to provide a crushing apparatus and a crushing treatment facility capable of crushing treatment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the crushing apparatus 100 includes a receiving hopper 1 that inputs a material to be crushed, and a plurality of rotary blades that are disposed on a lower end portion of the hopper 1 and are attached to the peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 5. A crushing processing unit A that crushes the object to be crushed downward between 5a and the edge 6a of the guide table 4 and a crushed piece put into the receiving hopper along the guide table 4. The pressing mechanism 3 that presses against the crushing processing unit A, the scraper 7 provided at a position facing the crushing processing unit A across the crushing rotor 5, and the rotary blade 5a A scraping portion B for scraping the crushed material is provided.

  Furthermore, a screen mechanism 8 having a plurality of openings for selectively passing the crushed pieces scraped off by the scraping portion B is provided along the lower peripheral surface of the pulverizing rotor 5, A discharge hopper 9 having a belt conveyor mechanism 10 disposed at the bottom is provided below the screen mechanism 8.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pressing mechanism 3 includes a pressing pusher 3a and pressure oil from a hydraulic pump (not shown) is sent to the hydraulic cylinder 13, and the piston 13a of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is connected to a connecting arm. The crushing material is provided with a hydraulic mechanism connected to the rear end of the pressing pusher 3a through 13b, and the object to be crushed is crushed by the pressing pusher 3a that is slidable and movable back and forth on the guide table 4. The portion A is pressed and supplied. The pressing pusher 3a is installed so as to be guided by a guide member 3b provided on the side wall of the main body frame 2, and is guided so as not to be lifted by a reaction force from the object to be crushed during pressing.

  The guide table 4 includes a table main body 4a and a spacer 6 that is detachably installed at an end of the table main body 4a on the side of the crushing processing section A, and the edge of the spacer 6 is obtained by replacing the spacer 6. The gap between the portion 6a and the crushing rotor 5 can be adjusted.

  The crushing rotor 5 is connected to an output shaft of a speed reducer 12 connected to a pulley 11a attached to an output shaft from the induction motor 11 and a belt 12a, and is driven to rotate at a predetermined speed.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, a plurality of V-shaped grooves 5v are provided in the circumferential direction on the surface of the crushing rotor 5 in parallel with each other at a predetermined pitch, and a plurality of V-shaped grooves 5v are provided in the V-shaped grooves 5v. The rotary blades 5a are screwed through the mounting seats 5c, and the rotary blades 5a are arranged so as to be corrugated (zigzag) when the vertices provided in adjacent V-shaped grooves 5v are connected to each other. Has been.

  In the crushing processing section A, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the top surface of the V-shaped groove 5 v of the crushing rotor 5 (shown by a one-dot chain line in the figure) and the spacer 6 are disassembled. A gap d of 40 mm to 50 mm is provided for the crushing process. In the scraping portion B, as shown in FIG. 3C, the rotary blade 5a provided in the V-shaped groove 5v and the scraping tool 7 are provided. Are arranged close to each other with a gap of about 1 mm.

  An object to be crushed, such as an agricultural net or a long vinyl sheet wound up in a roll shape, is put into the receiving hopper 1 and pressed by the crushing processing part A as the pressing pusher 3a moves forward. The crushing processing is sequentially performed by the shearing force acting between the rotary blade 5 a provided on the crushing rotor 5 and the edge 6 a of the guide table 4.

  In the process in which the material to be crushed is unraveled by the pulverization treatment, a tool such as a spanner or a hard foreign matter mixed in the object falls from the gap d without damaging the rotary blade 5a, and the crushed pieces are It is transported to the scraping part B and scraped off. Furthermore, by providing the edge 4a of the guide table 4 with a surface whose tip is inclined downward, the time required for the rotary blade 5a to apply the crushing force to the material to be crushed is increased, and the material to be crushed is It is configured to be drawn into the gap d so that the foreign matter is easily separated from the material to be crushed.

  The crushed pieces crushed by the crushing processing unit A and entangled with the rotary blade 5a are conveyed to the scraping unit B and sheared and crushed between the rotary blade 5a and the scraping tool 7. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3A, the pieces to be crushed are separated from the wave crest portion W1 of the rotary blade 5a along with the rotation of the crushing rotor 5 in which the rotary blade 5a is arranged in a wave shape. Under the force acting so as to move in the direction along the axis toward the portion W <b> 2, the portions are sequentially scraped with the scraper 7.

As shown in FIG. 4, the crushing angle θ ₁ of the rotary blade 5 a with respect to the pressing direction of the object to be crushed pressed along the guide table 4 and the scraping of the rotary blade 5 a with respect to the scraping tool 7. angle theta ₂ is set to be 30 ° from 5 °. The crushing angle θ ₁ and the scraping angle θ ₂ are preferably set to 12 ° to 16 °. By setting to the above-mentioned angle, the cutting angle of the rotary blade 5a with respect to the object to be crushed and the pieces to be crushed is secured to reduce the reaction force during the pulverization process received from the object to be processed and the scraping process. It is configured as follows. Specifically, the crushing angle is based on the mounting angle of the rotary blade 5 a to the crushing rotor 5 and the relative position in the height direction of the rotation axis of the crushing rotor 5 and the guide table 4 or scraping tool 7. The scraping angle is determined.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 (a), the screen mechanism 8 has a plurality of openings 8a and 8b formed in a frame having an arcuate longitudinal section arranged along the crushing rotor. A screen plate 8c made of stainless steel having a thickness of several tens of millimeters is fixed by bolts, and the opening area of the openings 8a, 8b is reduced from below the scraping part B to the crushing part A. The lower part of is configured to be large. As shown in FIG. 5 (c), the screen plate 8c is along the crushing rotor 5 rotating in the direction of the arrow R1, so that the opening 8b is below the crushing processing unit A. The opening 8a is disposed below the scraping portion B.

In detail, the opening 8b formed below the crushing unit A, with its longitudinal edges 8e is configured with a plurality of slits 8d inclined at an angle theta ₀ with respect to the horizontal direction, the longitudinal The inclination direction of the direction edge 8e is formed so as to be switched alternately along the rotation direction of the rotary blade 5a, and the slit 8d is formed in communication with the communication portion 8f at the position where the inclination is switched.

If the inclination angle θ ₀ formed by the longitudinal edge 8e of the slit 8d with respect to the horizontal direction is set in a range of 0 <θ ₀ ≦ 30 degrees, a predetermined cutting effect can be obtained.

  The opening 8a formed below the scraping portion B is composed of a large number of circular holes, and the size of the crushed pieces scraped off by the rotary blade 5a at the scraping portion B can be dropped. It is formed according to the size of the rotary blade 5a, the interval between the rotary blades 5a, and the like.

  Accordingly, the foreign matter mixed into the material to be crushed that has fallen during the pulverization process in the pulverization processing unit A falls as it is downward from the large-area opening 8b, and enters the foreign material recovery unit 9a disposed immediately below it. It is dropped and collected, and the long crushed pieces are conveyed to the scraping portion B without dropping from the opening 8b.

  The crushed pieces transported to the scraping part B accumulate and stay between the screen mechanism 8 and the pulverization processing part B, and are sequentially scraped to the extent that they fall from the small-area opening 8b. It falls to the lower discharge hopper 9.

  The shape of the openings 8a and 8b is particularly limited as long as the opening area of the opening 8b below the crushing treatment part A is larger than the opening 8a below the scraping part B. However, the opening area of the opening 8b on the side of the pulverization processing section A needs to be an area that allows foreign objects such as pebbles and tools mixed in the object to be crushed to pass through. Therefore, the shape of the openings 8a and 8b may be an ellipse, a quadrangle, or the like. The screen plate 8c may be a mesh plate. In addition, from the viewpoint of dropping the foreign matter mixed into the material to be crushed as it is, the screen mechanism 8 may be provided only below the scraping portion B as shown in FIG. .

  The crushed pieces dropped on the discharge hopper 9 are carried out of the machine from the discharge port 14 provided on the side wall of the discharge hopper 9 by the belt conveyor mechanism 10 and collected in the object to be crushed collection unit 15a. As shown in FIG. 2, the material is introduced into the object to be crushed inlet 15 of the wind power sorting mechanism 150.

  The wind power sorting mechanism 150 includes a blower 16 that supplies sorting air to the crushed pieces that are dropped and supplied from the upper crushed object input port 15, and foreign substances that are heavy objects are directly removed by the sorting wind. While falling to the heavy foreign matter collection unit 17a through the collection port 17, the lightweight article such as a resin piece is moved upward and collected by the lightweight collection unit 18a. That is, the foreign matter mixed in without being removed during the crushing process in the crushing apparatus 100, the earth and sand adhering to the crushed pieces, etc. are separated and recovered.

  The material to be crushed collected by the lightweight material collecting unit 18a is put into the receiving hopper 18 of the uniaxial crushing device 200 and finely crushed into a size suitable for reuse of fuel or the like. The uniaxial crushing apparatus 200 can employ a configuration as shown in, for example, Patent Document 1 of the prior art.

  The object to be crushed put into the receiving hopper 18 is pressed against the crushing rotor 24 along the guide table 23 by the pressing mechanism 19, and primary crushing is performed between the primary fixed blade 20 and the rotary blade 22 attached to the crushing rotor 24. Is done. The object to be crushed to a predetermined size is collected by the discharge hopper 26 via the screen mechanism 25, and the object to be crushed that cannot pass through the screen mechanism 25 is further divided into the secondary fixed blade 21 and the rotary blade 22. Then, after being secondarily crushed so as to have a size that can pass through the screen mechanism 25, it is recovered by the discharge hopper 26.

  In other words, the material to be crushed, which is likely to be mixed with hard foreign substances that cause damage to the crushing apparatus, is crushed while removing the mixed foreign substances by the crushing apparatus 100 described above, and then crushed. By carrying out the fine crushing by the apparatus 200, it becomes possible to efficiently perform pretreatment for reuse.

  In the crushing apparatus 100 described above, as the shape of the edge portion 6a of the guide table 4 constituting the crushing processing unit A, the one provided with the inclined surface whose tip is inclined downward has been described. The width in the inclination direction of the inclined surface can be appropriately changed according to the material to be crushed. At that time, by making the spacer 6 detachable, if a plurality of spacers having different inclination angles of the inclined surfaces, inclination direction widths of the inclined surfaces, gaps with the crushing rotor, etc. are prepared, it can be used universally. can do.

  At that time, one of the spacers 6 with a scraper formed on the edge is prepared, and when the spacer with the scraper is mounted, the crusher is used as a uniaxial crusher. Is also possible.

  In the above-described embodiment, the guide table 4 is configured by the main body 4a and the spacer 6. However, the guide table 4 may be configured by only the main body 4a without providing the spacer 6.

  In addition, it cannot be overemphasized that about the concrete structure, shape, etc. of each part of the crushing apparatus demonstrated by the above-mentioned embodiment, it can change suitably as long as the effect by this invention is show | played.

Sectional view of the crusher according to the invention 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a crusher according to the present invention. (A) Perspective view of main part of crushing processing part and scraping part, (b) Explanatory drawing of the main part of crushing processing part, (c) Explanatory drawing of the main part of scraping part Sectional view of the crusher according to the invention (A) Development view of main part of screen mechanism, (b) Development view of screen plate showing another embodiment, (c) Perspective view of main part of screen mechanism. Illustration of wind power sorting mechanism and uniaxial crusher

Explanation of symbols

1: receiving hopper 2: body frame 3: pressing mechanism 3a: pressing pusher 3b: guide member 4: guide table 5: crushing rotor 5a: rotating blade 6: spacer 7: scraping tool 8: screen mechanism 8a: opening 8b : Opening portion 8c: Screen plate 9: Discharge hopper 9a: Foreign matter collection unit 10: Belt conveyor mechanism 14: Discharge port 15: Crushed object input port 15a: Debris collection unit 16: Blower 17a: Heavy foreign matter collection unit 18: Receiving hopper 18a: Light weight collection unit 100: Crushing device 150: Wind sorting mechanism 200: Uniaxial crushing device A: Crushing processing unit B: Scraping unit

Claims (8)

  A receiving hopper for feeding the material to be crushed, and a lower end portion of the hopper, and a plurality of rotating blades attached to the peripheral surface of the crushing rotor and the edge of the guide table lower the material to be crushed A crushing apparatus comprising: a crushing processing unit for crushing toward the crushing unit; and a pressing mechanism that presses the material to be crushed into the receiving hopper along the guide table to the crushing processing unit.   The solution according to claim 1, wherein a scraping tool is provided at a position facing the crushing processing unit across the crushing rotor, and a scraping unit is provided for scraping the material to be crushed between the rotary blades. Crushing equipment.   Provided below the scraping portion is a screen mechanism formed with a plurality of openings for selectively passing the crushed pieces scraped off by the scraping portion along the peripheral surface of the pulverizing rotor. The crushing apparatus according to claim 2.   A screen mechanism having a plurality of openings for selectively passing the crushed pieces scraped off by the scraping portion along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor is provided, and the opening area of the opening is The crushing apparatus of Claim 2 comprised so that the downward direction of the said crushing process part may become large from the downward direction of a scraping part.   The crushing apparatus in any one of Claim 1 to 4 which provided the inclined surface which the front-end | tip inclines in the edge part of the said guide table downward.   The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a crushing angle of the rotary blade with respect to a pressing direction of the object to be crushed pressed along the guide table is set in a range of 5 ° to 30 °. .   The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a scraping angle of the rotary blade with respect to the scraping tool is set in a range of 5 ° to 30 °.   The crushing processing equipment which provided the crushing apparatus for crushing the crushed material to be crushed in the back | latter stage of the crushing apparatus in any one of Claim 1 to 7.

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