JP2003055081A - Sludge fermented fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel sludge fermented fertilizer which has an excellent plant growth effect, can be inexpensively manufactured by utilizing wastes and is sufficiently progressed in fermentation so as to perish unnecessary saprophytic bacteria, seeds, etc. SOLUTION: This sludge fermented fertilizer is formed by compounding putrefactive organic materials and seashell incineration ash to a raw material mixture composed of bark compost, sludge, livestock night soil and soil conditioners at need and further adding microorganisms thereto and subjecting the mixture to fermentation and maturation. Coconut husks, cedar bark, peat- moss, vermiculite, coconut husk charcoal, charcoal, charcoal dust, etc., are adequately used as the soil conditioners.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is well known that the use of pesticides such as herbicides and fungicides, and the continuous use of chemical fertilizers lowers the soil fertility. The main cause of such decrease in soil fertility is due to the decrease of soil organic matter and soil effective microorganisms. As countermeasures for this, application of organic fertilizer such as compost and application of effective microbial activator have been carried out. However, the organic fertilizers and the like that have been proposed so far are not yet fully satisfactory, because their plant-growing effects are not sufficient and their cost performance is not sufficient.

On the other hand, in recent years, the amount and kind of general waste or industrial waste have been increasing, and the treatment thereof has become a serious problem. As part of the effective use of such waste, timber harvested for land development, rooted roots,
Wood waste such as thinned wood thinned to grow forests, pruned branches, or demolition wood such as wooden houses is processed into chips and fermented and aged using microorganisms to form bark compost, or so-called raw It is well known that fermenting and aging wastes to form compost by utilizing microorganisms and effectively utilizing them as organic fertilizers and the like. However, the amount of the waste used is small, and a method for effectively utilizing the waste has not yet been found.

Under these circumstances, the present inventor has invented a fertilizer (soil base material) which has an excellent plant-growing effect and can effectively produce waste and can be manufactured at low cost, and has already filed a patent application. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-48687). This invention is a soil base material obtained by adding microorganisms to a raw material mixture containing bark compost, sludge, black soil, livestock manure and shell incineration ash as essential components, and fermenting and aging the raw material mixture. As a result, for example, it is possible to effectively utilize sludge discharged from a wastewater treatment facility or the like, or black soil left over from construction. However, since the soil base material contains a considerable amount of black soil, the relative amount of the microorganisms in the whole becomes small, that is, the density of the microorganisms is lowered, and therefore a high fermentation temperature cannot be obtained. Therefore, for example, when tomato seeds are contained in the sludge of a sewage treatment plant, there is a problem that the seeds are not completely killed by fermentation and germination occurs at the stage of fertilization, and further improvement is required. Was wanted.

[0005]

In view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, the present invention is a fertilizer which has an excellent plant-growing effect and can be produced inexpensively by effectively utilizing waste, and which is an unnecessary germ. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel sludge fermenting fertilizer in which fermentation is sufficiently advanced so that seeds, seeds and the like are killed.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the sludge fermenting fertilizer of the present invention is used for bark compost, sludge, livestock manure, and a raw material mixture containing soil improver as an essential component, if necessary. Then, a perishable organic substance and incinerated shell ash are blended, and microorganisms are further added, followed by fermentation and aging.

According to the above construction, the bark compost, which has been conventionally regarded as waste, various sludges discharged from facilities, etc., and the incineration ash of shells can be effectively used, and 70-
A high fermentation temperature of about 80 ° C is obtained, and various bacteria and the like die.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below.
The sludge fermenting fertilizer of the present invention is roughly constructed by adding microorganisms to a raw material mixture containing bark compost, sludge, livestock manure, and soil conditioner as essential components, fermenting and aging.

As the bark compost, conventionally known bark compost can be appropriately selected and used. Generally, bark compost is made by chipping wood waste such as timber cut for land development, rooted root, thinned wood thinned for forest development, pruned branches, or demolition wood such as wooden houses, and part of it. Is produced by fermenting and aging the microorganisms using microorganisms. The use of bark compost is an effective use of wood waste. As the bark compost, a commercially available product may be appropriately selected and used, or the bark compost may be produced from a wood waste for a raw material of the present invention by a conventional method. It should be noted that the chipped part, which is processed into charcoal or pulverized coal, can be used as a soil improving material described later as a raw material of the present invention.

In the production of the bark compost, conventionally known microorganisms can be appropriately selected and used as the microorganisms, and generally, at least one selected from actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts and the like. Among them, the effective microorganism group (Effec) which is anti-acidic and produces lactic acid, does not produce butyric acid, has no pathogenicity, and has an antagonistic value of 50 or more.
live Micro-organisms: Below
"Abbreviated as" EM bacterium ") is preferably used. This E
M bacteria include actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts and other anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms of 5 families, 10 genera and 80 species which are useful for agricultural production among microorganisms existing in nature. . As an example of actinomycetes in this EM strain,
pto-myces sp. (ATCC 3004),
Streptoverticillium sp. (A
TCC 23654), Nocardia sp. (A
TCC 19247), Micromonospora.
sp. (ATCC 12452), Rhodococ
cussp. As an example of the photosynthetic bacterium, Rh
odopseudomonas sp. (R.spha
eroldes), Rhodosprilillum s
p. (R. fulum), Chromatium s
p. (C. okenii), Chlorobium s
p. (C. limicola) and the like, and examples of lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid-producing bacteria) include Lactobacillus.
s sp. (IFO 3070), Propioni
Bacterium sp. (P. freudenre
ichii), Pediococcus sp. (P.
halophilus), Streptococcus
sp. (S. lactis, S. faecalis)
As an example of the filamentous fungus, Aspergill
us sp. (RIFY 5770, RIFY 502
4), Mucor sp. (IFO 8567) and the like, and examples of yeast include Saccharomyces.
sp. (NRRL 1346, Y977), Cand
ida sp. (C. utilis) and the like.
Further, there are various commercially available products of this EM bacterium, and various commercially available products can be appropriately selected and used.

Next, as the sludge, for example, various sludges discharged from various facilities such as water purification and sewage treatment facilities, sewage treatment facilities, and factories and other wastewater treatment facilities related to wastewater can be appropriately used. Generally, sludge is
Although it is a waste that has a large amount of water, decomposes and emits an offensive odor, and its effective utilization is difficult, according to the present invention, such sludge can be effectively utilized as a fertilizer.
When used as a raw material of the present invention, the water content of the sludge can be appropriately set without any particular limitation,
It can be appropriately adjusted by dehydration or drying if necessary, but in general, 75 to 90% by weight is suitable.

As the livestock manure, conventionally known livestock manure such as beef manure, pig manure, and chicken manure can be appropriately selected and used. If necessary, a plurality of kinds of livestock manure can be used in combination. You can also do it. These livestock manure may be appropriately selected from commercially available products, or may be produced from the excrement of livestock animals by the conventional method for the raw material of the present invention. In addition, these livestock manure can generally function as an organic component adjusting material for increasing or decreasing the amount of use thereof so that the fertilizer of the present invention has a predetermined organic component content. It is also possible to increase / decrease the amount used and to function as a water content adjusting material for making the raw material mixture subjected to fermentation and aging treatment a predetermined water content.

Further, as the soil improving material, conventionally known soil improving materials can be appropriately selected and used. Specifically, coconut shell, cedar bark, peat moss, vermiculite, coconut shell charcoal, charcoal, Pulverized coal or the like is preferably used. These soil conditioners can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, the combination of cedar bark or peat moss and coconut shell (including coconut shell charcoal) is most preferably adopted because the fermentation proceeds efficiently and a high-quality fertilizer is easily obtained.

The sludge fermenting fertilizer of the present invention uses the above-described bark compost, sludge, livestock manure, and soil improving material as essential components, and adds microorganisms to a raw material mixture obtained by mixing these raw materials and fermenting it. Manufactured by aging. At that time, the mixing ratio of each raw material cannot be generally determined depending on the properties, characteristics, etc. of each raw material, but generally 25 to 35 parts by weight of bark compost, 20 to 30 parts by weight of sludge,
It is suitable that the livestock manure is about 25 to 35 parts by weight and the soil conditioner is about 8 to 15 parts by weight. In particular, when the cedar bark or peat moss and coconut shell are used in combination as the soil improving material, the cedar bark or peat moss is 4 to
It is preferable that 6 parts by weight and 4 to 9 parts by weight of coconut shell are used.

The raw material mixture may contain, if necessary,
In addition to the above essential components, a perishable organic substance can be further added. Examples of this putrefactive organic substance include rice bran, oil cake, fish meal, molasses, and garbage. These septic organic substances may be blended in one kind or in two or more kinds. Further, the amount of the putrefactive organic substance to be blended cannot be generally determined depending on their types, properties, etc., but in general, 1 to 13 parts by weight is appropriate when the total amount of each of the essential ingredients is 100 parts by weight. is there.

Further, the raw material mixture may be mixed with shell incineration ash, if necessary, in addition to the above-mentioned essential components. As the shell incineration ash, shell shell incineration ash obtained by incinerating and crushing shells or crushing and incinerating is used. The shell of the raw material is arbitrary regardless of its origin, but as the shell of this raw material, for example, various facilities that come into contact with seawater at power plants, factories, etc. If shellfish taken out as waste in the functional maintenance of the various facilities are used, the use of this shell incineration ash is nothing but effective use of waste. This shell incineration ash has a function of adjusting the acidity of the raw material mixture subjected to fermentation and aging treatments. That is, since the above-mentioned sludge is often acidic, shell incineration ash functions as its neutralizing agent. In the present invention, the pH of the raw material mixture subjected to fermentation and aging treatment is generally 6.5 to 7.3.
Is appropriate. In addition, the shell incineration ash neutralizes the soil when the sludge fertilizer is applied to the soil, and also functions as a calcium source. The shell ash may be applied together with the sludge fermenting fertilizer of the present invention when applied to soil, instead of being preliminarily mixed with the raw material mixture.

Next, as the microorganisms to be added to the raw material mixture, the same microorganisms as in the above-described production of bark compost from wood waste can be used. That is, conventionally known microorganisms can be appropriately selected and used, and generally, at least one selected from actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts and the like is used, and among them, EM bacteria are preferably used. . The amount of microorganisms added varies depending on the form of the added microorganisms, the composition of the raw material mixture, etc., and cannot be generally stated, but the form of so-called blurring (organic substances pre-fermented with microorganisms such as EM bacteria) In general, 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight is suitable when the raw material mixture is 100 parts by weight.

As described above, when the microorganisms are added in the form of blur, the blur is obtained by mixing and fermenting the microorganisms with an organic substance such as rice bran, oil cake, fish meal and molasses. , Molasses, 0.
It is preferable to contain about 15 to 0.25% by weight. As a result, the microorganisms rapidly reproduce and become active. Therefore, for example, even if bark compost, which is one of the raw materials, is not sufficiently matured (so-called semi-raw state), it can be used in the present invention, and the range of selection of raw materials and the range of utilization are widened. Further, it has a remarkable effect that it is easy to obtain a high fermentation temperature.

In order to add a microorganism to the mixture of raw materials and to ferment and ripen it, it can be carried out according to a method known in the art for producing an organic fertilizer such as compost. For example, a solid culture of a microorganism may be added to and mixed with the raw material mixture, and the mixture may be placed in a sealed container at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time, and the culture liquid of the microorganism may be replaced with the solid culture of the microorganism. It can also be used. Further, the processing conditions of fermentation and aging can be appropriately set as necessary such as the composition of the raw material mixture and the type of microorganism used, but generally, the water content of the raw material mixture is preferably 10 to 40% by weight, The pH is preferably about 6.5 to 7.3. Further, in the present invention, since the fermentation temperature rises to about 80 ° C., various bacteria and unnecessary species are killed, and a higher quality fertilizer can be obtained. It should be noted that the fermentation and maturation periods, which depend on the treatment temperature, are generally completed in 2 to 8 months to obtain the desired sludge fertilizer.

The sludge-fermenting fertilizer of the present invention has excellent plant-growing effects and excellent properties such that it can be produced at low cost, and can be widely used for various purposes. Examples thereof include soil for planting trees or organic fertilizers therefor, soil for home gardening or organic fertilizers therefor, potting soil, organic fertilizers for rice cultivation or upland cultivation, and the like.

[0021]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples below, but the invention is not limited thereto. (Example 1) 30 parts by weight of bark compost (produced from thinned wood using commercially available EM bacteria as a microorganism), 25 parts by weight of sludge (dehydrated cake) discharged from a sewage treatment facility,
A raw material mixture was composed of 30 parts by weight of beef manure, 8 parts by weight of coconut shell, and 5 parts by weight of cedar bark. The raw material mixture had a water content of 75% by weight and a pH of 6.8. To this raw material mixture, 2 parts by weight of blur was added and mixed with stirring.
In addition, as for blurring, rice bran 20 kg, oil cake 7.0 k
g, fish meal 7.0 kg, molasses 0.05 kg, and fermented by adding EM bacteria. Then, the mixture mixed with stirring was filled in a vinyl bag, sealed, and held for 2.5 months for fermentation and aging to produce a target sludge fertilizer.

Next, a seedling test was carried out to examine the presence or extent of the germination of Komatsuna (Apis crusica) and the hindrance to the growth after germination by applying the obtained sludge fertilizer. In addition, as a reference fertilizer, using a commercially available bark compost,
A similar test was conducted. (Table 1) shows the analysis results of the test fertilizer (sludge fermentation fertilizer) and control fertilizer, (Table 2) shows the soil properties of the test soil and alluvial soil or diluvial soil, and (Table 3) the test area and fertilizer application. The design contents, (Table 4) shows the cultivation method and management status, and as test results, (Table 5) shows the results of germination and growth investigations and the presence or absence of abnormal symptoms.

[0023]

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

Since the N contained in the test fertilizer is 2% or less in terms of dry matter, the fertilizer application rates of both the test and control fertilizers in the test plots are based on the conventional test method. It was set based on the dry matter weight. In addition, N, P ₂ O ₅ , and K ₂ were added to all the test plots of the test and control fertilizers described in (Table 3) above and the inorganic basic amount plots provided without fertilization of both the test and control fertilizers. 25m each as O
An amount of ammonium sulfate, lime superphosphate, and potassium chloride was applied in an amount corresponding to g. The values in parentheses in the application column of the above (Table 3) indicate the amount in the physical form (actual).

As a result of the above-mentioned test, as shown in (Table 5), the fertilizer plots showed similar results in germination start date and germination rate with respect to germination as compared with the inorganic basic amount plots. In the post-emergence growth, the same or better performance was shown, and no abnormal growth symptoms of the plant considered to be due to harmful substances were observed.

[0026]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the sludge fermenting fertilizer of the present invention has an excellent plant growing effect, contributes to effective use of waste, and can be manufactured at low cost. Since a higher fermentation temperature can be obtained, various bacteria and the like can be killed and a high-quality fertilizer can be obtained. The sludge fermentation fertilizer of the present invention,
Due to the above excellent properties, it is useful in a wide range of applications.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C05F 11:00 C05F 3:00 3:00 5:00 5:00 5:00 1:00 1:00 9:00 9 : 00) F term (reference) 4D059 AA01 AA03 AA07 BA01 BA22 BA25 DA60 DA64 DA70 DB32 DB33 4H061 AA01 CC32 CC36 CC42 CC46 CC47 CC51 CC55 DD14 EE46 EE51 EE64 EE66 FF06 GG48 HH07 LL25 LL26

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A sludge-fermenting fertilizer obtained by fermenting and aging microorganisms to a mixture of raw materials containing bark compost, sludge, livestock manure, and soil conditioner as essential components. 2. The sludge fermentation fertilizer according to claim 1,
A sludge fermenting fertilizer characterized in that the soil improving material is one or more kinds selected from coconut shell, cedar bark, peat moss, vermiculite, coconut shell charcoal, charcoal and pulverized coal. 3. The sludge fermenting fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the essential components is 25 to 35 parts by weight of bark compost, 20 to 30 parts by weight of sludge, 25 to 35 parts by weight of manure for livestock, and soil improvement. A sludge fermenting fertilizer characterized by being 8 to 15 parts by weight. 4. The sludge fermentation fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the raw material mixture further contains a septic organic substance. 5. The sludge fermentation fertilizer according to claim 4,
A sludge fermenting fertilizer characterized in that the putrefactive organic substance is one or more kinds selected from rice bran, oil cake, fish meal, molasses, and garbage. 6. The sludge fermentation fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the raw material mixture further contains shell incineration ash. 7. The sludge-fermenting fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the microorganism has an antiacidity, produces lactic acid, does not produce butyric acid, has no pathogenicity, and has an antagonistic value of 50 or more. A sludge fermenting fertilizer characterized by being a group. 8. The sludge fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the microorganism added to the raw material mixture is in the form of blurring, and the blurring is molasses 0.15 to 0.25.
A sludge fermenting fertilizer, which is characterized by containing wt%.