CN112608193A

CN112608193A - High organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112608193A
Application number: CN202011643718.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕相明; 常晓娜; 王晓东
Original assignee: Beikuangcheng Ecological Technology Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Beikuangcheng Ecological Technology Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-31
Filing date: 2020-12-31
Publication date: 2021-04-06

Abstract

The application relates to the field of soil improvement and restoration, and particularly discloses a high organic matter fertilizer for desertification soil and a preparation method thereof. A high organic matter fertilizer for desertification soil comprises excrement, plant debris, sludge, a microbial inoculum and a water-retaining agent, wherein the proportion of the excrement, the plant debris and the sludge is 0.6-0.8:5: 3.5-5; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: primary decomposition: taking excrement, plant debris and sludge according to the measurement, adding 60-75% of microbial inoculum according to the formula amount, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain semi-decomposed organic matters; secondary decomposition: adding the microbial inoculum with the rest formula amount into the semi-decomposed organic matter, and performing turning and fermentation for 13-15 days; and (4) granulating and drying, namely granulating and drying the fertilizer subjected to secondary decomposition to obtain fertilizer granules, and sieving the fertilizer granules to control the particle size of the fertilizer granules to be 3-5 mm. Adding a water-retaining agent into the sieved fertilizer particles, and uniformly mixing; in addition, the preparation method has the advantage of promoting the growth of plants in sandy soil of a mine area.

Description

High organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of soil improvement and remediation, in particular to a high organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the continuous development of the industrial level in China, the mineral demand is increased year by year, and the mine soil needs to be repaired after the mine is discarded.

In the related field, an ecological restoration method is commonly adopted for restoring desertified soil, namely, vegetation with tolerance to acid, alkali, heavy metal and the like is planted in soil to be restored, the environment of a mine area is improved through the growth of the vegetation, and the degradation of pollutants in the soil can be accelerated through the growth of the vegetation.

However, since the sandy soil of the mine is relatively barren, the survival rate of the vegetation in the sandy soil of the mine area is low, and the vegetation grows slowly even if survived, so that the restoration efficiency of the sandy soil is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to promote the growth of plants in the desertified soil in a mine area, the application provides a high organic matter fertilizer for the desertified soil and a preparation method thereof.

In a first aspect, the application provides a high organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a high organic matter fertilizer for desertification soil comprises excrement, plant debris, sludge, a microbial inoculum and a water-retaining agent; the weight ratio of the excrement, the plant remains and the sludge is 0.6-0.8:5: 3.5-5.

By adopting the technical scheme, plant debris, excrement and sludge are transformed into organic fertilizer after being decomposed and fermented by the microbial inoculum, and the organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are mixed with each other and then buried in the desertified soil layer of the mine area, so that the organic content in the desertified soil is increased, the adhesion between the desertified soils is improved, the adhesion and the water-retaining property between the desertified soils are improved, the vegetation growth is facilitated, and the success rate and the efficiency of biochemical repair of the mine area are improved.

The straw can be selected for use to further plant debris, the straw has increased the inside gas permeability of organic matter fertilizer, thereby be favorable to accelerating the fermentation of fertilizer, mud is selected from the solid deposit in sewage treatment plant, mud can regard as main organic matter source, the content of the inside organic matter of fertilizer has been improved, faecal joining when improving organic matter content, can also dilute the concentration of the heavy metal ion in mud with the straw jointly, thereby the heavy metal ion concentration in the fertilizer has been reduced, heavy metal concentration is below the tolerance range of vegetation in the control fertilizer, the survival rate of vegetation has been improved.

Preferably, the plant debris comprises at least one of straw, leaves, and hay.

By adopting the technical scheme, the straws, the fallen leaves and the hay contain rich organic matters such as cellulose, the plant remains can be reused as fertilizer after being decomposed, and meanwhile, the plant remains are used for waste operation, so that the condition that the environment is polluted by the plant remains treated by an incineration method in the related technology is reduced.

Preferably, the microbial inoculum comprises at least one of bacillus, filamentous fungi, acetobacter and yeast.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the agent, the excrement, the plant remains and the sludge to the microbial inoculum is 10000: 1.

by adopting the technical scheme, by selecting the microorganisms, macromolecular organic matters in the remains, sludge and excrement of the plants can be quickly decomposed, so that the organic matter raw materials are quickly decomposed. Due to the limitation of the ratio of the microbial inoculum to the organic matter raw material, the decomposition speed is increased, the decomposition temperature is controllable, the condition that the microbial activity is influenced by overhigh temperature or overlow temperature is reduced, and the decomposition efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the water retaining agent comprises expanded perlite, the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 5-7mm, and the using amount ratio of the expanded perlite to the plant debris is 0.8-1.2: 20.

By adopting the technical scheme, the expanded perlite can adsorb the fertilizer and release the adsorbed fertilizer after the external fertilizer is consumed by using the expanded perlite, so that the slow release effect is achieved, and the durability of the fertilizer effect is improved; on the other hand, along with the consumption of the fertilizer, the expanded perlite can absorb water, so that the water retention in the desertification soil is improved, the loss of water in the desertification soil is reduced, and the vegetation can grow in the desertification soil.

Preferably, the water-retaining agent also comprises fly ash, the fly ash is class C three, and the weight ratio of the fly ash to the expanded perlite is 1: 1.2-1.5.

By adopting the technical scheme, on one hand, the added fly ash is matched with the expanded perlite to adsorb and fix the fertilizer, and along with the consumption of the fertilizer, the fertilizer adsorbed in the expanded perlite and the fly ash is gradually desorbed and acts on plants, so that the slow release effect on the fertilizer is achieved; along with the gradual consumption of the fertilizer, the fly ash and the expanded perlite absorb the water in the soil, thereby reducing the loss of the water through gaps among desertified soil and improving the water retention performance of the soil.

In a second aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a high organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a high organic matter fertilizer for desertification soil comprises the following steps:

the decomposition of the organic matter raw material comprises the following steps:

primary decomposition: taking excrement, plant debris and sludge according to the measurement, adding 60-75% of microbial inoculum according to the formula amount, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain semi-decomposed organic matters;

secondary decomposition: adding the microbial inoculum with the rest formula amount into the semi-decomposed organic matter, and performing turning and fermentation for 13-15 days;

granulating and drying: granulating and drying the fertilizer subjected to secondary decomposition to obtain fertilizer granules, and sieving the fertilizer granules to control the fertilizer granules to be 3-5 mm;

and adding a water-retaining agent into the sieved fertilizer particles, and uniformly mixing.

By adopting the technical scheme, the organic raw materials are completely reacted inside after being decomposed for the first time and the second time, so that the condition that the fertilizer is decomposed again and burned after being buried in the desertification soil is reduced. During one-time decomposition, the straws are gradually fermented and are converted from hard to fibrous, at the moment, the straws play a role in supporting and ventilating the waste, and the organic matter raw materials collapse along with gradual fiberization of the straws. Therefore, the waste materials are required to be turned and thrown in the secondary decomposition process so as to promote the waste materials to be fully contacted with oxygen for aerobic fermentation, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the temperature of the first decomposition is controlled to be 45-60 ℃, and the temperature of the second decomposition is controlled to be 60-70 ℃.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during primary fermentation, the heat is easy in the inside piling up of fertilizer, in order to avoid the heat to pile up too high, influences the microbial inoculum activity, in order to improve the controllability of organic matter raw materials temperature when becoming thoroughly decomposed, the temperature that once becomes thoroughly decomposed is less than the secondary temperature of becoming thoroughly decomposed. During secondary decomposition, the fermentation temperature can be controlled by turning, so that the fermentation temperature can be properly increased to improve the decomposition efficiency.

Preferably, the water-retaining agent needs to be pretreated before use: uniformly mixing the expanded perlite and the fly ash according to the weight ratio and drying.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the adsorption capacity of water-retaining agent to the fertilizer has been increased to the water-retaining agent after the water-retaining agent is dried to the slow release performance of fertilizer has been improved.

Preferably, the rooting powder is added before the granulation and drying in the step, and the mixture is uniformly stirred.

The rooting powder contains single compounds such as indoleacetic acid, sodium naphthylacetate and the like or is preferably a mixture of the compounds, and the rooting powder is 4-6 per mill of the total weight of the organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent.

By adopting the technical scheme, the growth of the vegetation root system is promoted by adding the rooting powder, so that the survival rate of the preparation and the growth of the root system are improved, the soil fixing capacity of the vegetation on desertified soil is further improved after the growth of the vegetation root system, and the soil quality is improved.

In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the application, the microbial inoculum is used for decomposing the organic fertilizer, rich organic matters are generated, the vegetation can be promoted to grow after the microbial inoculum is buried in the desertification soil, and the ecological restoration efficiency of the desertification soil is accelerated.

2, the slow release performance of the fertilizer is improved by adding the water-retaining agent, so that the effective duration of the fertilizer is prolonged. On the other hand, the water retention agent can also absorb water, thereby reducing the loss of water in desertification soil and promoting the growth of vegetation.

Detailed Description

The raw materials used in the present application may all be obtained commercially.

The feces can be feces generated in poultry and livestock breeding.

The plant remains can be selected from straw, fallen leaves, hay or bush.

The sludge is from solid sediment substances which are precipitated in the sewage treatment process of a sewage treatment plant, and the water content of the solid sediment substances after being subjected to pressure filtration by a pressure filter is 12 percent, so that the sludge can be used as the raw material of the application.

The rooting powder is purchased from strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent of Shandong Ruipu Biotech Co.

The microbial inoculum is purchased from Beijia organic fertilizer starter produced by Beijia biotechnology limited in Shandong.

The average grain diameter of the expanded perlite is 5-7 mm; fly ash class C three-level fly ash.

Examples

Table 1 components of a high organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil disclosed in examples 1-5

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Excrement and urine

0.06t

0.07t

0.08t

Plant remains

0.5t

Sludge treatment

0.35t

0.45t

0.5t

Expanded perlite

0.02t

0.025t

0.03t

Expanded perlite particle size

5mm

6mm

7mm

5mm

Fly ash

0.013t

0.019t

0.025t

0

0.025t

Microbial inoculum

0.091kg

0.102kg

0.108kg

Rooting powder

3.8kg

5.3kg

6.8kg

0

6.8kg

A high organic matter fertilizer for desertified soil of examples 1-5 was prepared by the following method:

primary decomposition: taking excrement, plant debris and sludge according to the measurement, adding 60-75% of microbial inoculum according to the formula amount, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain semi-decomposed organic matters;

secondary decomposition: adding the microbial inoculum with the rest formula amount into the semi-decomposed organic matter, and performing turning and fermentation for 13 days; so that the organic fertilizer is completely decomposed.

Adding the rooting powder into the completely decomposed organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer finished product. The dosage of the rooting powder is 4-6 per mill of the total weight of the organic fertilizer (namely the total weight of the excrement, the straw and the sludge) and the water-retaining agent (namely the fly ash and the expanded perlite).

Granulating and drying: and granulating and drying the fertilizer finished product to obtain fertilizer granules, and sequentially sieving the prepared fertilizer granules by using a 5mm square-hole sieve and a 3mm square-hole sieve. Controlling the grain diameter of the produced fertilizer grains to be 3-5 mm. And granulating the fertilizer granules with unqualified particle sizes again.

Mixing fertilizer particles with a water-retaining agent. And mixing the fertilizer particles and the protective agent according to the proportion, and uniformly stirring.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 3 is that no microbial inoculum was added in comparative example 1.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 3 is that the weight of the microbial inoculum added in comparative example 2 is 2 times of that of example 3.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 4 is that no expanded perlite was added.

Comparative example 4

The difference from example 3 is that the organic fertilizer has not undergone secondary decomposition.

Performance test

Detection method/test method

Taking 4 mx 5m of desertified soil in a mine area as a test area, wherein the test area is provided with a plurality of sand-containing soil blocks which are numbered: wherein the test area labeled 0 is a control group not treated with fertilizer; test areas 1-6 correspond to the application of fertilizers according to examples 1-6, respectively, and test areas 7-10 correspond to the application of fertilizers according to comparative examples 1-4, respectively. The fertilizing amount in each test area is 20t/hm²。

Oasis I is planted in each test area, and the distance between every two rows is 15 cm. The survival rate (%), the plant height (m) in 90 days, the root depth (m) in 90 days, the water content (%) in the depth of a soil layer of 20cm and the water content (%) in the depth of a soil layer of 50cm are respectively measured.

Table 2 fertilizers in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-4 improve sandy soil performance and

influence of fertilizer on first expansion potential of oasis

It can be seen by combining the test areas 1, 2 and 3 with the control group that the survival rate and the growth vigor of vegetation are obviously improved after the desertification soil of the mine area is fertilized and improved, the fertilized soil has abundant organic matters on the one hand, on the other hand, the fertilizer improves the soil quality state of the desertification soil, and the water permeability of the soil is weakened by adding the water retention agent, so that the water retention capacity is improved, and the water content of the soil in the depths of 20cm and 50cm is increased. Thereby being beneficial to the vegetation to absorb moisture for growth. Along with the growth of the vegetation, the root system of the vegetation further plays a role in soil fixation and water retention, thereby playing a virtuous circle for the recovery of desertification soil and improving the speed of ecological recovery of the desertification soil in the mine area.

The experiment areas 3, 4 and 9 are combined to show that the survival rate of plants, the growth condition and the water retention performance of soil are improved to a certain extent due to the addition of the fly ash, and the reason for the improvement is probably that the fly ash is matched with the expanded perlite on one hand to adsorb and fix the fertilizer, and the fertilizer adsorbed in the expanded perlite and the fly ash is gradually desorbed along with the consumption of the fertilizer and acts on the plants, so that the fertilizer has a slow release effect; along with the gradual consumption of the fertilizer, the fly ash and the expanded perlite absorb the water in the soil, thereby reducing the loss of the water through gaps among desertified soil and improving the water retention performance of the soil.

The combination of the test areas 3 and 6 shows that the particle size of the expanded perlite, the size (3-5mm) of the fertilizer particles and the particle size of the fly ash have a compounding effect, the particle size of the expanded perlite is slightly larger than the fertilizer particles, a gap for containing the fly ash exists between the expanded perlite particles and the fertilizer particles, and the fly ash is filled between the expanded perlite particles and the fertilizer particles, so that the whole workability of the fertilizer is improved.

The combination of the test areas 3, 7 and 8, when no microbial inoculum is introduced into the organic raw materials, the decomposition speed of the organic matters is slow, so that less organic fertilizers are generated, the effect of the fertilizers is influenced, when the microbial inoculum is excessively added, the effect of the fertilizers is reduced on the contrary, and the possible reason is that the reaction speed of the organic raw materials at the decomposition initial stage is too fast, so that the internal heat of the organic raw materials is accumulated too fast, the internal temperature of the organic raw materials is too high, the activity of microorganisms is influenced, on the other hand, related enzymes decomposed by the microorganisms are inactivated, and the decomposition efficiency of the organic raw materials is influenced.

The combination of the test area 3 and the test area 10 shows that after secondary decomposition, the cellulose and the like in the organic matters can be completely decomposed by the microbial inoculum, so that the condition of root burning caused by secondary decomposition after the fertilizer is buried in the soil is reduced.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. The high organic matter fertilizer for desertification soil is characterized by comprising excrement, plant debris, sludge, microbial inoculum and a water-retaining agent, wherein the proportion of the excrement, the plant debris and the sludge is 0.6-0.8:5: 3.5-5.

2. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein: the plant remains comprise at least one of straw, leaves and hay.

3. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein: the microbial inoculum comprises at least one of bacillus, filamentous fungi, acetobacter and yeast.

4. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the total weight of the agent, the excrement, the plant remains and the sludge to the microbial inoculum by weight is 10000: 1.

5. a high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 1, wherein: the water-retaining agent comprises expanded perlite, the average grain diameter of the expanded perlite is 5-7mm, and the dosage ratio of the expanded perlite to the plant remains is 0.8-1.2: 20.

6. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 5, wherein: the water-retaining agent also comprises fly ash, wherein the fly ash is selected from class C three, and the weight ratio of the fly ash to the expanded perlite is 1: 1.2-1.5.

7. A method of preparing a high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

granulating and drying, namely granulating and drying the fertilizer subjected to secondary decomposition to obtain fertilizer granules, sieving the fertilizer granules, and controlling the particle size of the fertilizer granules to be 3-5 mm;

8. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 7, wherein: the temperature of the first decomposition is controlled to be 45-60 ℃, and the temperature of the second decomposition is controlled to be 60-70 ℃.

9. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 7, wherein: the water-retaining agent needs to be pretreated before use: uniformly mixing the expanded perlite and the fly ash according to the weight ratio and drying.

10. A high organic matter fertilizer for sandy soil according to claim 9, wherein: adding rooting powder before granulating and drying, and uniformly stirring.