JP2001510465A - ２，４，６，８，１０，１２−ヘキサニトロ−２，４，６，８，１０，１２−ヘキサアザテトラシクロ［５．５．０．０▲上５．９▼０▲上３．１１▼］−ドデカンを結晶化させる塩析法 - Google Patents
２，４，６，８，１０，１２−ヘキサニトロ−２，４，６，８，１０，１２−ヘキサアザテトラシクロ［５．５．０．０▲上５．９▼０▲上３．１１▼］−ドデカンを結晶化させる塩析法Info
- Publication number
- JP2001510465A JP2001510465A JP52776798A JP52776798A JP2001510465A JP 2001510465 A JP2001510465 A JP 2001510465A JP 52776798 A JP52776798 A JP 52776798A JP 52776798 A JP52776798 A JP 52776798A JP 2001510465 A JP2001510465 A JP 2001510465A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- polymorph
- crystallization
- water
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000252095 Congridae Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D259/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having more than four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3339296P | 1996-12-17 | 1996-12-17 | |
| US60/033,392 | 1996-12-17 | ||
| PCT/US1997/022298 WO1998027072A1 (en) | 1996-12-17 | 1997-12-12 | Salting-out process of crystallizing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0?5,903,11¿]-dodecane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001510465A true JP2001510465A (ja) | 2001-07-31 |
| JP2001510465A5 JP2001510465A5 (enExample) | 2005-02-10 |
Family
ID=21870159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52776798A Ceased JP2001510465A (ja) | 1996-12-17 | 1997-12-12 | ２，４，６，８，１０，１２−ヘキサニトロ−２，４，６，８，１０，１２−ヘキサアザテトラシクロ［５．５．０．０▲上５．９▼０▲上３．１１▼］−ドデカンを結晶化させる塩析法 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5874574A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0946527B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2001510465A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20000069513A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU5374398A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2275317A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69727963T2 (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL130308A0 (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO313698B1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1998027072A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013505894A (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2013-02-21 | エスエムウー | ヘキサニトロヘキサアザイソウルチタン結晶懸濁液、前記懸濁液の生成方法、及び火工品物体の生成方法 |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6217799B1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2001-04-17 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Method for making high performance explosive formulations containing CL-20 |
| FR2770216B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-12-03 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Procede d'obtention de la forme polymorphe epsilon de l'hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane |
| US6214988B1 (en) | 1999-01-03 | 2001-04-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Process for making an HMX product |
| AU5585700A (en) | 1999-02-16 | 2000-09-21 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Process for making 2,4,6, 8,10,12- hexanitro- 2,4,6,8,10, 12- hexa azatetracyclo(5.5.0. 05,9.03,11} -dodecane |
| US6428724B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2002-08-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Granulation process |
| US6201117B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-03-13 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Process for making a 1,3,5,7-tetraalkanoyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane |
| US6194571B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-02-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | HMX compositions and processes for their preparation |
| US6265573B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-07-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Purification process |
| US6841016B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2005-01-11 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Process for the production of crystalline energetic materials |
| US6350871B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2002-02-26 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Crystallization of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane |
| US7288648B2 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2007-10-30 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | High temperature crystallization of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane |
| US20050048126A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-03-03 | Barrett Rabinow | Formulation to render an antimicrobial drug potent against organisms normally considered to be resistant to the drug |
| US6884436B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-04-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Method for preparing submicron particle suspensions |
| US20030096013A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-05-22 | Jane Werling | Preparation of submicron sized particles with polymorph control |
| WO2002076911A2 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-10-03 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reformulation of composition c-4 explosive |
| AU2002322838A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2003-02-17 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Low sensitivity explosive compositions and method for making explosive compositions |
| WO2003026611A2 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Preparation of submicron sized nanoparticles via dispersion and solvent or liquid phase removal |
| US7112340B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2006-09-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Compositions of and method for preparing stable particles in a frozen aqueous matrix |
| US6992185B2 (en) | 2002-01-09 | 2006-01-31 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Crystallization of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane |
| WO2006138202A2 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulations for minimizing drug-drug interactions |
| BRPI0618661A2 (pt) * | 2005-11-15 | 2011-09-06 | Baxter Int | composições de inibidores de lipoxigenase |
| WO2008080047A2 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-07-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Magnetic separation of fine particles from compositions |
| US8722736B2 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2014-05-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Multi-dose concentrate esmolol with benzyl alcohol |
| US20080293814A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Deepak Tiwari | Concentrate esmolol |
| US8426467B2 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2013-04-23 | Baxter International Inc. | Colored esmolol concentrate |
| RU2447075C9 (ru) * | 2011-01-11 | 2012-11-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Алтай" | Способ получения гамма-полиморфной модификации 2,4,6,8,10,12-гексанитро-2,4,6,8,10,12-гексаазатетрацикло[5,5,0,03,11,05,9]додекана |
| CZ2011608A3 (cs) | 2011-09-29 | 2013-03-06 | Univerzita Pardubice | Zpusob prípravy epsilon-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitanu se snízenou citlivostí k nárazu |
| CN105418619B (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-12-12 | 山西北化关铝化工有限公司 | 一种特质六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷的制备方法 |
| CN105693734B (zh) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-11-09 | 北京理工大学 | 一种特质ε-HNIW晶体及其制备方法 |
| US10626061B2 (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2020-04-21 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Synthesis of energetic material particles with controlled morphology |
| CN119425143A (zh) * | 2024-10-11 | 2025-02-14 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种基于微流控技术的ε-HNIW粒度调控方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE451718B (sv) * | 1984-04-04 | 1987-10-26 | Nobel Kemi Ab | Sett att omkristallisera sprengemnena oktogen och hexogen |
| DE3617408C1 (de) * | 1986-05-23 | 1987-06-11 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinkoernigem beta-Oktogen |
| US4785094A (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-11-15 | Morton Thiokol, Inc. | Crystallization of beta HMX |
| US5132409A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1992-07-21 | Bracco Industria Chimica S.P.A. | Macrocyclic chelating agents and chelates thereof |
| US5693794A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1997-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Caged polynitramine compound |
| WO1990003782A2 (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1990-04-19 | The Upjohn Company | Finely divided solid crystalline powders via precipitation into an anti-solvent |
| US5707634A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1998-01-13 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Finely divided solid crystalline powders via precipitation into an anti-solvent |
| DE4200743C2 (de) * | 1991-09-18 | 1994-04-07 | Wasagchemie Sythen Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verringerung der Korngröße von kristallinem Explosivstoff |
| US5268469A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1993-12-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Process of making impact insensitive Alpha-HMX |
| US5124493A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-06-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Process of producing XMX in 100% yield and purity |
| US5723604A (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 1998-03-03 | Thiokol Corporation | Synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo 5.5.0.05,9.03,11!dodecane |
| US5739325A (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1998-04-14 | Thiokol Corporation | Hydrogenolysis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazatetracyclo 5.5.0.05,9.03,11 !dodecane |
-
1997
- 1997-12-12 CA CA002275317A patent/CA2275317A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-12 DE DE69727963T patent/DE69727963T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-12 AU AU53743/98A patent/AU5374398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-12 JP JP52776798A patent/JP2001510465A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-12 WO PCT/US1997/022298 patent/WO1998027072A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-12 EP EP97950849A patent/EP0946527B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-12 KR KR1019997005400A patent/KR20000069513A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-12 IL IL13030897A patent/IL130308A0/xx unknown
- 1997-12-16 US US08/991,432 patent/US5874574A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-06-16 NO NO19992929A patent/NO313698B1/no unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013505894A (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2013-02-21 | エスエムウー | ヘキサニトロヘキサアザイソウルチタン結晶懸濁液、前記懸濁液の生成方法、及び火工品物体の生成方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20000069513A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
| IL130308A0 (en) | 2000-06-01 |
| AU5374398A (en) | 1998-07-15 |
| EP0946527B1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| EP0946527A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
| NO992929D0 (no) | 1999-06-16 |
| US5874574A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
| DE69727963T2 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
| CA2275317A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
| NO992929L (no) | 1999-06-16 |
| DE69727963D1 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
| NO313698B1 (no) | 2002-11-18 |
| WO1998027072A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
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