JP2000515152A - 長寿命均一酸化触媒 - Google Patents
長寿命均一酸化触媒Info
- Publication number
- JP2000515152A JP2000515152A JP10507184A JP50718498A JP2000515152A JP 2000515152 A JP2000515152 A JP 2000515152A JP 10507184 A JP10507184 A JP 10507184A JP 50718498 A JP50718498 A JP 50718498A JP 2000515152 A JP2000515152 A JP 2000515152A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- complex
- metal
- compound
- different
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 amino, Substituted amino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 45
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 20
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- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 19
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
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- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
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- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- FUOOLUPWFVMBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(N)C(O)=O FUOOLUPWFVMBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- CJXQAYQWVNXIQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(C)(C)C(Cl)=O CJXQAYQWVNXIQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004373 HOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- UTVPMPDZZSTVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3,4-diaminophenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 UTVPMPDZZSTVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- JPJBEORAVWZJKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;propanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)=O JPJBEORAVWZJKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/002—Osmium compounds
- C07F15/0026—Osmium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
- B01J31/182—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 構造: [式中、 R1およびR2は、同一または異なり、連結した又は連結しておらず、各々、非反 応性の、前記R1およびR2と分子内でおよび環状炭素C1とともに強い結合を形 成する、錯体が酸化性媒体の存在下にあるときに化合物の金属錯体の酸化的分解 が制限されるように立体的に妨害されかつ配座的に妨害されている置換基からな る群より選択され; Zは、酸化に耐性の金属錯化原子であり; Xは、酸化に耐性の官能基であり; R3は、隣接するZ原子を連結するユニットであって: からなり [式中、R6、R7、R8およびR9は、対でおよび累加的に、同一または異なり、 各々、アルキル、アリール、ハロゲンおよびCF3からなる群より選択される] ; R4は、隣接するZ原子を連結するユニットであって、 からなり [式中、 R10、R11、R12およびR13は、対でまたは累加的に、同一または異なり、各々 、アルキル、アリール、ハロゲンおよびCF3からなる群より選択される]; R5は、隣接するZ原子を連結するユニットであり、 (i) [式中、R14、R15、R16およびR17は、同一または異なり、各々アルキル、ア リール、ハロゲンおよびCF3である] (ii)モノ−、ジ−、トリ−およびテトラ−置換アリールおよびヘテロアリー ル置換基 からなる群より選択される] の大環状四座配位子を含む化合物。 2. アリールおよびヘテロアリール置換基が、以下の基:[式中、 各Yは、同一または異なり、ハロゲン、水素、アルキル、アリール、アミノ、置 換アミノ、ニトロ、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、およびこれらの組み合わせを 含む] を含む、請求項1記載の化合物。 3. 各Zは、1つまたはそれ以上の他のZと同一または異なり、各々窒素およ び酸素からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の化合物。 4. Z原子の少なくとも3つが窒素である、請求項1記載の化合物。 5. 各Xは、他のXと同一または異なり、各々、酸素およびNRS[式中、RS はメチル、フェニル、ヒドロキシル、オキシル、CF3またはCH2CF3である ]からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の化合物。 6. R1およびR2の各々が、水素、ハロゲン、メチル、CF3、および、連結 している場合にはシクロペンチルまたはシクロヘキシルからなる群より選択され る、請求項1記載の化合物。 7. 次式:[式中、 Mは遷移金属であり; Zは供与体原子であり; Ch1、Ch2およびCh3は、酸化に耐性のキレート基であって、同一または異 なり、前記金属とともに5−または6員環を形成し;そして Ch4は、次式: (式中、R1およびR2は、同一または異なり、連結しているかまたは連結してお らず、各々、非反応性の、前記R1およびR2と分子内でおよび環状炭素C1とと もに強い結合を形成する、錯体が酸化性媒体の存在下にある場合に錯体の酸化的 分解が阻害されるように、立体的に妨害されるか配座的に妨害されている置換基 からなる群より選択される) のキレート基である] のキレート錯体。 8. R1およびR2が、各々、水素、ハロゲン、メチル、CF3、および連結し ている場合にはシクロペンチルまたはシクロヘキシルからなる群より選択される 、請求項7記載の錯体。 9. 金属が、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Tc、Re、Fe、Ru、Os、Co、 Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu、AgおよびAuからなる群より選択され る、請求項7記載の錯体。 10. Mに結合した少なくとも1つの配位子をさらに含む、請求項7記載の錯 体。 11. Ch1が、C6H2Y2、C6H3Y1、C6Y4、C5H3N、またはC4H2N2 R11C(R10)−CO−C(R10)R11[式中、Yは、ハロゲン、水素、アルキ ル、CH2、NH2またはCHOであり、R10およびR11は、同一または異なり、 各々アルキル、アリール、水素、ハロゲン、またはCF3である]からなる群よ り選択される成分である、請求項7記載の錯体。 12. 金属が遷移金属である、請求項7記載の錯体。 13. 遷移金属が、元素周期律表の6、7、8、9、10または11族から選 択される金属である、請求項7記載の錯体。 14. R1およびR2が連結して、これらの両方が結合している環状炭素ととも に5員環を形成する、請求項7記載の錯体。 15. R1およびR2が連結して、これらの両方が結合している環状炭素ととも に6員環を形成する、請求項7記載の錯体。 16. 前記少なくとも1つの配位子が酸素含有置換基である、請求項7記載の 化合物。 17. 前記少なくとも1つの配位子が、過酸化物、OH2、OおよびOHから なる群より選択される、請求項16記載の化合物。 18. 構造:[式中、 Zは、酸化に耐性の金属錯化原子であり; R1およびR2は、同一または異なり、連結した又は連結しておらず、各々、非反 応性の、前記R1およびR2と分子内でおよび環状炭素C1とともに強い結合を形 成する、錯体が酸化性媒体の存在下にあるときに化合物の金属錯体の酸化的分解 が制限されるように立体的に妨害されおよび配座的に妨害されよびこれらの組み 合わせである置換基からなる群より選択され; Xは官能基であり; R3は、隣接するZ原子を連結するユニットであって: からなり [式中、R6、R7、R8およびR9は、対でおよび累加的に、同一または異なり、 各々、アルキル、アリール、水素、ハロゲン、ハロゲン化アルキル、ハロゲン化 アリールおよびCF3からなる群より選択される]; R4は、隣接するZ原子を連結するユニットであって、からなり [式中、 R10、R11、R12およびR13は、対でまたは累加的に、同一または異なり、各々 、アルキル、アリール、水素、ハロゲン、ハロゲン化アルキル、ハロゲン化アリ ールおよびCF3からなる群より選択される]] を含む、大環状四座配位子を製造するための中間体。 19.R1およびR2の各々が、水素、ハロゲン、メチルおよびCF3からなる群 より選択され、および連結している場合には、これらが結合しているC1炭素と ともに5員環または6員環を形成する、請求項16記載の中間体。
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PCT/US1997/012803 WO1998003263A1 (en) | 1996-07-22 | 1997-07-21 | Long-lived homogenous oxidation catalysts |
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US5876625A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1999-03-02 | Carnegie Mellon University | Metal ligand containing bleaching compositions |
US5847120A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1998-12-08 | Carnegie Mellon University | Long-lived homogenous oxidation catalysts |
US6054580A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 2000-04-25 | Carnegie Mellon University | Long-lived homogenous amide containing macrocyclic compounds |
KR20010013986A (ko) * | 1997-06-20 | 2001-02-26 | 수잔 버켓 | 금속 착물을 이용한 균질한 산화 촉매작용 |
EP1073521A1 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 2001-02-07 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Catalyst system for alpha-olefin oligomerization |
US6861262B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2005-03-01 | Quest Diagnostics Investments Incorporated | Composition and method for detecting an adulterant in an aqueous sample |
GB0020846D0 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2000-10-11 | Unilever Plc | Ligands for bleaching compositions and synthesis thereof |
US6797196B2 (en) | 2001-01-10 | 2004-09-28 | Kao Corporation | Bleaching formulation |
WO2003014279A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-20 | Unilever Plc | Composition comprising macrocyclic tetra-amido metal complex as bleaching catalyst |
GB0118936D0 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2001-09-26 | Unilever Plc | Improvements relating to colour-safe fabric treatment compositions |
GB0205278D0 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2002-04-17 | Unilever Plc | Composition comprising macrocyclic tetra-amido N-donor metal-ligand complex as bleaching catalyst |
GB0205276D0 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2002-04-17 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching composition |
DE10227774A1 (de) * | 2002-06-21 | 2004-01-08 | Degussa Ag | Verwendung von Übergangsmetallkomplexen mit stickstoffhaltigen mehrzähnigen Liganden als Bleichkatalysator und Bleichmittelzusammensetzung |
US7060818B2 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2006-06-13 | Carnegie Mellon University | Synthesis of macrocyclic tetraamido compounds and new metal insertion process |
CA2599983A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-08 | South Dakota Soybean Processors, Llc | Novel polyols derived from a vegetable oil using an oxidation process |
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BR9710513B1 (pt) | 2010-10-19 |
NO326043B1 (no) | 2008-09-08 |
ES2188969T3 (es) | 2003-07-01 |
AP919A (en) | 2000-12-29 |
ATE229372T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
NZ333797A (en) | 2000-06-23 |
AU729102B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
DE69717819D1 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
JP2007016036A (ja) | 2007-01-25 |
CN1121906C (zh) | 2003-09-24 |
PL187534B1 (pl) | 2004-07-30 |
EP0914206B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
US5847120A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
NO990268D0 (no) | 1999-01-21 |
DE69717819T2 (de) | 2003-07-10 |
PT914206E (pt) | 2003-04-30 |
CA2261589C (en) | 2002-10-01 |
HK1020176A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 |
CA2261589A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
BR9710513A (pt) | 2002-03-05 |
KR20000067993A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
US6100394A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
NO990268L (no) | 1999-03-22 |
WO1998003263A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
KR100491450B1 (ko) | 2005-05-25 |
OA10960A (en) | 2001-10-29 |
AU4043697A (en) | 1998-02-10 |
EP0914206A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
IL128150A0 (en) | 1999-11-30 |
CN1230903A (zh) | 1999-10-06 |
PL331315A1 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
AP9901455A0 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
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