JP2000506232A - フラッシュ紡糸法及びフラッシュ紡糸溶液 - Google Patents
フラッシュ紡糸法及びフラッシュ紡糸溶液Info
- Publication number
- JP2000506232A JP2000506232A JP9532034A JP53203497A JP2000506232A JP 2000506232 A JP2000506232 A JP 2000506232A JP 9532034 A JP9532034 A JP 9532034A JP 53203497 A JP53203497 A JP 53203497A JP 2000506232 A JP2000506232 A JP 2000506232A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- spinning
- synthetic fiber
- spinning fluid
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UKDOTCFNLHHKOF-FGRDZWBJSA-N (z)-1-chloroprop-1-ene;(z)-1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group C\C=C/Cl.Cl\C=C/Cl UKDOTCFNLHHKOF-FGRDZWBJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 2-fluoroethyl Ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- HNEGJTWNOOWEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropropane Chemical group [CH2]CCF HNEGJTWNOOWEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PQMAKJUXOOVROI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)morpholine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)N1C(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC(F)(F)C1(F)F PQMAKJUXOOVROI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DLWJCJGOUGICLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-3-methoxypropane Chemical compound COCCCF DLWJCJGOUGICLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenytoin Chemical group N1C(=O)NC(=O)C1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004751 flashspun nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001474 Flashspun fabric Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group Cl\C=C\Cl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TXGPGHBYAPBDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F TXGPGHBYAPBDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPOXNPPZZKNXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochloromethane Chemical compound ClCBr JPOXNPPZZKNXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950010592 dodecafluoropentane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKVCYCWBUNNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(1,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)C=NN2 DHKVCYCWBUNNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004889 linear high-density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/11—Flash-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
- D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.紡糸流体を、その自発圧力よりも高い圧力で、それより低い圧力の領域へ フラッシュ紡糸することを含んでなる、但し紡糸流体が(a)合成繊維形成ポリ オレフィン5〜30重量%、(b)塩化メチレン及び1、2−ジクロロエチレン からなる群から選択される主たる溶媒、及び(c)ヒドロフルオロエーテル及び 環式パー弗素化炭化水素からなる群から選択される共溶媒、から本質的になり、 なお該共溶媒が(i)炭素数3〜7及び(ii)15〜100℃の大気圧での沸 点を有し、また該共溶媒が紡糸流体の濁り点圧力を少なくとも50ポンド/平方 インチだけ上昇させるのに十分な量で紡糸流体中に存在する、合成繊維形成ポリ オレフィンのプレキシフィラメントのフィルム−フィブリル糸の製造法。 2.共溶媒が1、1、1、2、3、3−フルオロプロピルメチルエーテル、1 、1、1、2、2、3、3−フルオロプロピル1、2、2、2−フルオロエチル エーテル、1、1、1、2、2、3、3、4、4−フルオロブチルメチルエーテ ル、1、1、1、2、2、3、3、4、4−フルオロブチルエチルエーテル、パ ーフルオロジメチルシクロブタン、パーフルオロ−N−メチルモルフォリン、及 び1、2、3、3、4、4−フルオロ、1、2−トリフルオロメチルシクロブタ ンからなる群から選択される、請求の範囲1の方法。 3.合成繊維形成ポリオレフィンが線状ポリエチレンである、請求の範囲2の 方法。 4.合成繊維形成ポリオレフィンがアイソタクチックポリプロピレンである、 請求の範囲2の方法。 5.紡糸流体が8〜18重量%の合成繊維形成ポリオレフィンを含む、 請求の範囲1の方法。 6.(a)合成繊維形成ポリオレフィン5〜30重量%、(b)塩化メチレン 及び1、2−ジクロロエチレンからなる群から選択される主たる溶媒、及び(c )ヒドロフルオロエーテル及び環式パー弗素化炭化水素からなる群から選択され る、但し(i)炭素数3〜7及び(ii)15〜100℃の大気圧での沸点を有 し且つ紡糸流体の濁り点圧力を少なくとも50ポンド/平方インチだけ上昇させ るのに十分な量で紡糸流体中に存在する共溶媒、から本質的になる紡糸流体。 7.合成繊維形成ポリオレフィンを8〜18重量%含む、請求の範囲6の紡糸 流体。 8.共溶媒が1、1、1、2、3、3−フルオロプロピルメチルエーテル、1 、1、1、2、2、3、3−フルオロプロピル1、2、2、2−フルオロエチル エーテル、1、1、1、2、2、3、3、4、4−フルオロブチルメチルエーテ ル、1、1、1、2、2、3、3、4、4−フルオロブチルエチルエーテル、パ ーフルオロジメチルシクロブタン、パーフルオロ−N−メチルモルフォリン、及 び1、2、3、3、4、4−フルオロ、1、2−トリフルオロメチルシクロブタ ンからなる群から選択される、請求の範囲1の方法。 9.合成繊維形成ポリオレフィンが線状ポリエチレンである、請求の範囲6の 紡糸流体。 10.合成繊維形成ポリオレフィンがポリプロピレンである、請求の範囲6の 紡糸流体。 11.共溶媒が紡糸流体の濁り点圧力を少なくとも200ポンド/平方インチ だけ上昇させるのに十分な量で紡糸流体中に存在する、請求の 範囲1の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/612,714 US5672307A (en) | 1996-03-08 | 1996-03-08 | Flash spinning process |
US08/612,714 | 1996-03-08 | ||
PCT/US1997/004105 WO1997033016A1 (en) | 1996-03-08 | 1997-03-06 | Flash spinning process and flash spinning solution |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000506232A true JP2000506232A (ja) | 2000-05-23 |
JP3782460B2 JP3782460B2 (ja) | 2006-06-07 |
Family
ID=24454355
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP53203497A Expired - Lifetime JP3782460B2 (ja) | 1996-03-08 | 1997-03-06 | フラッシュ紡糸法及びフラッシュ紡糸溶液 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5672307A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0885317B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3782460B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR19990087595A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2327397A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2247849A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69702751T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2150235T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997033016A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004525879A (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-08-26 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | パーフルオロブチルエチレン含有の共沸混合物 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5814595A (en) | 1995-05-16 | 1998-09-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Azeotrope-like compositions and their use |
US6008179A (en) | 1995-05-16 | 1999-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Azeotrope-like compositions and their use |
US6156824A (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 2000-12-05 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Lubricative polymer containing liquid and method of forming film of lubricative polymer |
US6030934A (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 2000-02-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Azeotropic compositions of methoxy-perfluoropropane and their use |
US5985196A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1999-11-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash spinning process and flash spinning solution |
US6153134A (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2000-11-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash spinning process |
CA2376499A1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-03-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash-spinning process and solution |
US7179413B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2007-02-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash-spinning process and solution |
US7300968B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2007-11-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash spinning solution and flash spinning process using straight chain hydrofluorocarbon co-solvents |
US10329692B2 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2019-06-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash spun plexifilamentary strands and sheets |
US10337123B2 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2019-07-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash spun plexifilamentary strands and sheets |
CN114763634B (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-09-05 | 江苏青昀新材料有限公司 | 一种闪蒸纺制的薄片材料 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3227664A (en) * | 1961-12-07 | 1966-01-04 | Du Pont | Ultramicrocellular structures of crystalline organic polymer |
US3081519A (en) * | 1962-01-31 | 1963-03-19 | Fibrillated strand | |
US3637458A (en) * | 1968-12-27 | 1972-01-25 | Du Pont | Microcellular foam sheet |
US3851023A (en) * | 1972-11-02 | 1974-11-26 | Du Pont | Process for forming a web |
AU627488B2 (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1992-08-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Non-ozone depleting halocarbons for flash-spinning polymeric plexifilaments |
US5032326A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1991-07-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash-spinning of polymeric plexifilaments |
TW204377B (ja) * | 1989-07-12 | 1993-04-21 | Asahi Chemical Ind | |
DE69116703T2 (de) * | 1990-02-07 | 1996-07-18 | Du Pont | Isolierte Leiter mit hoher Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit und Herstellungsverfahren |
US5147586A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-09-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flash-spinning polymeric plexifilaments |
EP0527019B1 (en) * | 1991-08-03 | 1999-04-21 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Halogen group solvent and solution using said solvent and process for producing three-dimensional fiber |
JP3159765B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-16 | 2001-04-23 | 旭化成株式会社 | フラッシュ紡糸方法 |
US5250237A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1993-10-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Alcohol-based spin liquids for flash-spinning polymeric plexifilaments |
JPH06101113A (ja) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-04-12 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 三次元網状繊維の製法 |
US5643525A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1997-07-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for improving electrostatic charging of plexifilaments |
US5401429A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1995-03-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Azeotropic compositions containing perfluorinated cycloaminoether |
-
1996
- 1996-03-08 US US08/612,714 patent/US5672307A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-03-06 AU AU23273/97A patent/AU2327397A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-06 ES ES97915988T patent/ES2150235T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-06 JP JP53203497A patent/JP3782460B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-06 CA CA002247849A patent/CA2247849A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-06 KR KR1019980707037A patent/KR19990087595A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-06 DE DE69702751T patent/DE69702751T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-06 EP EP97915988A patent/EP0885317B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-06 WO PCT/US1997/004105 patent/WO1997033016A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004525879A (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-08-26 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | パーフルオロブチルエチレン含有の共沸混合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2150235T3 (es) | 2000-11-16 |
CA2247849A1 (en) | 1997-09-12 |
US5672307A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
EP0885317A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
KR19990087595A (ko) | 1999-12-27 |
EP0885317B1 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
DE69702751T2 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
WO1997033016A1 (en) | 1997-09-12 |
DE69702751D1 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
JP3782460B2 (ja) | 2006-06-07 |
AU2327397A (en) | 1997-09-22 |
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