ITTO20000331A1 - Composizioni pesticide. - Google Patents
Composizioni pesticide. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITTO20000331A1 ITTO20000331A1 IT2000TO000331A ITTO20000331A ITTO20000331A1 IT TO20000331 A1 ITTO20000331 A1 IT TO20000331A1 IT 2000TO000331 A IT2000TO000331 A IT 2000TO000331A IT TO20000331 A ITTO20000331 A IT TO20000331A IT TO20000331 A1 ITTO20000331 A1 IT TO20000331A1
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- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- parts
- pests
- formulations
- present compositions
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IXSZQYVWNJNRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoxazole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1N=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2F)F)OC1 IXSZQYVWNJNRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 19
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- -1 4-phenoxyphenyl-2- (2-pyridyloxy) propyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 description 18
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- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000453 malathion Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000490 permethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N permethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAMUDJHXFNRLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenthoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAMUDJHXFNRLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008048 phenylpyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFGYUFNIOHWBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirimicarb Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(C)=C1C YFGYUFNIOHWBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHOQHJPRIBSPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirimiphos-methyl Chemical group CCN(CC)C1=NC(C)=CC(OP(=S)(OC)OC)=N1 QHOQHJPRIBSPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SMKRKQBMYOFFMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N prallethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(C)C)C1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(CC#C)C(=O)C1 SMKRKQBMYOFFMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYMMJNLHFKGANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N profenofos Chemical compound CCCSP(=O)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1Cl QYMMJNLHFKGANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWYIUEFFPNVCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propaphos Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OC1=CC=C(SC)C=C1 PWYIUEFFPNVCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYHMJXZULPZUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N propargite Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OC1C(OS(=O)OCC#C)CCCC1 ZYHMJXZULPZUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclofos Chemical compound C1=C(OP(=O)(OCC)SCCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridaben Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CSC1=C(Cl)C(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXJSOEPQXUCJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridaphenthion Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 CXJSOEPQXUCJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyriproxyfen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1OC(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBQQHUGEACOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinomethionate Chemical compound N1=C2SC(=O)SC2=NC2=CC(C)=CC=C21 FBQQHUGEACOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPYNBECUCCGGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silafluofen Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1[Si](C)(C)CCCC1=CC=C(F)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HPYNBECUCCGGPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004029 silicic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000269 smectite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JXHJNEJVUNHLKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulprofos Chemical compound CCCSP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(SC)C=C1 JXHJNEJVUNHLKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1Cl ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N teflubenzuron Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC(Cl)=C(F)C(Cl)=C1F CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N tetrachlorvinphos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)O\C(=C/Cl)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradifon Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008334 thiadiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyclam Chemical compound CN(C)C1CSSSC1 DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodicarb Chemical compound CSC(C)=NOC(=O)NSNC(=O)ON=C(C)SC BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003170 water-soluble synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE dell'invenzione industriale dal titolo: "Composizioni pesticide",
DESCRIZIONE CAMPO DELL'INVENZIONE
La presente invenzione si riferisce a composizioni pesticide.
SFONDO DELL'INVENZIONE
Lo sviluppo di pesticidi è stato ampiamente eseguito per il controllo di molti tipi di insetti nocivi comprendenti insetti nocivi per l'agricoltura e le foreste e insetti nocivi igienicamente sfavorevoli, e una ampia varietà di agenti chimici sono stati introdotti nell'uso pratico. Non si può tuttavia affermare che tutti i pesticidi convenzionali, diano risultati soddisfacenti; per esempio, essi possono mancare di almeno uno fra efficacia letale, effetto immediato ed effetto residuo, oppure possono avere risultati scarsi su specifici tipi di insetti nocivi oppure sullo specifico stadio di crescita degli insetti nocivi. Per conseguenza, vi è stata la richiesta dello sviluppo di pesticidi più efficaci.
SOMMARIO DELL' INVENZIONE In queste circostanze, i presenti inventori si sono concentrati sullo studio ed hanno conseguentemente trovato che composizioni pesticide comprendenti 4-fenossifenil-2-(2-piridilossi)propiletere e 2- (2,6-difluorofenil)-4-(2-etossi-4-terz-butilfenil)-2-ossazolina come ingredienti attivi, quando usati per controllare insetti nocivi per l'agricoltura e le foreste oppure insetti nocivi igienicamente sfavorevoli, possono avere una efficacia pesticida imprevedibilmente elevata e presentare effetto immediato ed effetto residuo eccellenti rispetto all'applicazione separata di ciascun composto, rendendo possibile risolvere i problemi precedenti, il che porta alla presente invenzione.
Quindi, la presente invenzione provvede composizioni pesticide (in seguito indicate come presenti composizioni) comprendenti 4-fenossifenil-2-(2-piridilossi)propiletere (in seguito indicato come composto A) e 2-(2,6-difluorofenil)-4-(2-etossi-4-terz-butilfenil)-2-ossazolina (in seguito indicata come composto B) come ingredienti attivi; procedimenti per il controllo degli insetti nocivi comprendenti l'applicazione delle presenti composizioni agli insetti nocivi oppure ai loro habitat; e procedimenti per la protezione della pianta comprendenti l'applicazione delle presenti composizioni alle piante oppure in loro prossimità, che possono venire infestate con insetti nocivi per l'agricoltura e le foreste.
DESCRIZIONE DETTAGLIATA DELL'INVENZIONE Gli ingredienti attivi delle presenti composizioni sono ben noti nella tecnica; il composto A (nome comune: pyriproxyfen) da USP-4751225 e il composto B (nome comune: etoxazole) da WO 93/22297.
Le presenti composizioni possono venire applicate come agenti di controllo contro molti tipi di insetti nocivi comprendenti insetti nocivi per l'agricoltura e le foreste e insetti nocivi igienicamente sfavorevoli. Esempi specifici degli insetti nocivi che possono venire controllati mediante le presenti composizioni sono i seguenti insetti, acari e nematodi.
Emitteri :
Delfacidi come Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens e Sogatella furcifera; Deltocefalidi come Nephotettix cinctìceps e Nephotettix virescens; Afididi come Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Aphis citrìcola, Lipaphis pserudobrassicea, Nippolachnus piri, Toxoptera aurantii e Toxoptera ciidius; Pentatomidi come Nezara antennata, Cletus punctiger, Riptortus clavetus e Plautia stali; Aleirodidi come Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci e Bemisia argentifolii; Diaspidi come Aonidiella aurantii, Comstockaspis perniciosa, Unaspis citri, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona e Lepidosaphes beckii; Coccidi come Saissetia oleae e Ceroplastes rubens; Margarodidi come Icerya purchasi; Tingidi; Psillidi, ecc.
Lepidotteri :
Piralidi come Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Parapediasia teterrella, Notarcha derogata, e Piodia interpunctella; Nottuidi come Spodoptera litura, Pseudaletia separata, Mamestra brassicae, Agrotis ipsilon, Trichoplusia spp., Heliotis spp. e Helicoverpa spp.; Pieridi come Pieris rapae crucivora; Tortricidi come Adoxophyes spp., Grapholita molesta e Cydia pomonella; Carposidi come Carposina niponensis; Lionettidi come Lyonetia spp.; Limantridi come Lymantria spp. e Euproctis spp.; Ipomoneutidi come Pivitella xylostella; Gelechidi come Pectinophora gossypiella; Artidi come Hyphantria cunea; Tineidi come Tinea translucens e Tineola blsselliella, ecc.
Ditteri :
Calicidi come Culex pipiens pallens e Culex tritaeniorhyncus ; Aedes spp. come Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, Anopheles spp. come Anopheles sinensis ; Chironomidi; Muscidi come Musca domestica e Muscina stabulans; Calliforidi; Sarcophagidae; Finnia spp.; Antomidi come Delia platura e Delia Antigua; Tefriditi; Drosofile; Psicodidi; Simulidi; Tabanidi; Stomoxini; Agromizidi, ecc.
Coleotteri :
Diabrotica spp. come Diabrotica virgifera e Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Scarabeidi come Anomala cuprea e Anomala rufocuprea ; Curculionidi come Sitophilus zeamais, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Hypera pastica e Callosobruchus chienensis; Tenebrìonidi come Tenebrie molitor e Tribolium castaneum; Crisomelidi come Aulacophora femoralis, Phyllotreta striolata e Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Anobidi, Epilachna spp. come Epilachna vigintioctopunctana ; Lictidi; Bostricidi; Cerambicidi; Paederus fuscipes, ecc.
Dittiotteri :
Blattella germanica, Periplaneta fuliginosa; Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Blatta orientalis, ecc.
Tisanotteri :
Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci, Thrips hawaiiensis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella occidentalis, Ponticulothrips diospyrosi, ecc.
Imenotteri :
Formicidi, Vespidi, Betilidi, Tentredinidi come Athalia japonica, ecc.
Ortotteri:
Grillotalpidi, Acrididi, ecc.
Afanitteri:
Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Purex irritans, ecc.
Anopluri :
Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis, ecc.
Isotteri :
Reticulitermes speratus, Coptotermes formosanus, ecc.
Acaridi :
Tetranichidi come urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi e Pligonychis spp.; Eriofidi come Aculops pelekassi e Calacarus carinatus, Tarsonemidi come Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuitalpidi; Tuckerellidi; Isodisi come Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalls longicornis, Boophilus microplus, I-xodes ovatus e Ixodes persulcatus; Acaridi come Tyrophagus putresceutiae; Epidermoptidi come Dermatophagoides farinae e Dermatophagoides ptrenyssnus; Cheiletidi come Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus fortis, Cheyletus malaccensi e Cheyletus moorei; Dermanissidi, ecc.
Nematodi :
Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus fallax, Pratylenchus loosi, Pratylenchus vulnus, Heterodera glucines, Globodera rostochiensis, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, ecc.
Le presenti composizioni, sebbene possano essere costituite dal composto A e dal composto B, possono venire rese adatte per l'uso pratico permettendo a vari veicoli solidi, liquidi o gassosi di essere contenuti nelle presenti composizioni, alle quali vengono aggiunti, se necessario, tensioattivi, disperdenti, agenti fissanti, stabilizzanti, propellenti, o altri prodotti ausiliari, seguiti da formulazione in varie forme comprendenti spray oleosi, concentrati emulsionabili, polveri bagnatili, prodotti fluidi come sospensioni acquose ed emulsioni acquose, formulazioni in microcapsule, formulazioni per applicazione locale o per a spandimento, formulazioni in shampoo, granuli, polveri, aerosol, agenti ULV, esche avvelenate, formulazioni in forma di foglio e formulazioni resinose.
Il veicolo solido che può venire usato nella formulazione comprende, per esempio, polvere o granuli fini di argilla come argilla di caolino, terra di diatomacee, ossido di silicio sintetico idrato, bentonite, argilla Fubasamì e argilla acida; vari tipi di talco, ceramiche e altri minerali inorganici come sericite, zolfo, carbone attivo, carbonato di calcio e silice idrata; e fertilizzanti chimici come solfato di ammonio, fosfato di ammonio, nitrato di ammonio, urea e cloruro di ammonio.
Il veicolo liquido può comprendere, per esempio, acqua; alcoli come metanolo ed etanolo; chetoni come acetone e metil etil chetone; idrocarburi aromatici come benzene, toluene, xilene, etilbenzene e metilnaftalene; idrocarburi alitatici come esano, cicloesano, cherosene, e olio leggero; esteri come acetato di etile e acetato di butile; nitrili come acetonitrile e isobutirronitrile; eteri come etere diisopropilico e diossano; ammidi acide come Ν,Ν-dimetilformammide e N,N-dimetilacetammide; idrocarburi alogenati come diclorometano, tricloroetano e tetracloruro di carbonio; dimetilsolfossido; e oli vegetali come olio di soia e olio di cotone.
Il veicolo o propellente gassoso può comprendere, per esempio, fluorocarburi, gas butano, GPL (gas di petrolio liquefatto), etere dimetilico e biossido di carbonio.
Il tensioattivo può comprendere, per esempio, alchilsolfati, alchilsolfonati, alchilarilsolfonati, alchil aril eteri, e loro derivati poliossietilenici, eteri di glicole polietilenico, esteri di alcoli polivalenti e derivati di alcoli zuccheri.
I prodotti ausiliari come agenti di fissaggio o disperdenti possono comprendere, per esempio, caseina, gelatina, polisaccaridi come amido, gomma arabica, derivati di cellulosa e acido alginico; derivati di lignina, bentonite, zuccheri e polimeri sintetici solubili in acqua come alcool polivinilico, polivinilpirrolidone e acido poliacrilico.
Lo stabilizzante può comprendere, per esempio, PAP (fosfato di acido isopropilico), BHT (2,6-diterz-butil-4-metilfenolo) , BHA (miscele di 2-terzbutil-4-metossifenolo e 3-terz-butil-4-metossifenoio), oli vegetali, oli minerali, tensioattivi, acidi grassi e loro esteri.
I materiali di base di esche avvelenate possono comprendere, per esempio, ingredienti per esca quali polvere di grano, oli vegetali, zuccheri e cellulosa cristallina; antiossidanti come dibutilidrossitoluene e acido nordiidroguaiaretico; conservanti come acido deidroacetico; sostanze per impedire l'ingestione casuale come polvere di pepe rosso; e attraenti come aroma di formaggio, aroma di cipolla e olio di arachide.
I materiali di base di formulazioni resinosa possono comprendere, per esempio, polimeri olefinici, polimeri di cloruro di vinile e poliuretani. A questi materiali di base si possono aggiungere, se necessario, plastificanti come ftalati ed acido stearico; sostanze che attraggono gli insetti nocivi come ferormoni; coloranti o pigmenti con colori attraenti per gli insetti nocivi; e qualsiasi altro additivo .
Le formulazioni resinose possono venire ottenute, per esempio, impastando le presenti composizioni nei materiali di base con una impastatrice convenzionale e quindi sagomandole nella forma desiderata mediante stampaggio a iniezione, estrusione o compressione. Le presenti composizioni possono venire supportate sui materiali di base che non le contengono, mediante impregnazione, rivestimento, stampaggio o qualsiasi altra tecnica. Nell'operazione di, per esempio, impregnazione, rivestimento o stampaggio delle presenti composizioni, i composti come ingredienti attivi possono venire usati in forma di formulazioni preparate in precedenza o loro diluizioni, comprendenti spray oleosi, concentrati emulsionabili e prodotti scorrevoli.
Le formulazioni resinose così ottenute possono venire formate, se necessario, mediante ulteriori fasi, come sagomatura e taglio, in piastre, fogli o pellicole, nastri o strisce, reti, stringhe o corde, o qualsiasi altra forma, e possono anche venire formate in prodotti finali come materiali per concimazione, corde o fili di sostegno, supporti per uso orticolo, formulazioni in forma di foglio, pellicole per confezionamento, collari per animali e contrassegni per le orecchie per animali.
Le formulazioni come prodotti fluidi (per esempio sospensioni acquose o emulsioni acquose) possono normalmente venire ottenute disperdendo finemente l'1-75% di ingrediente attivo in acqua contenente lo 0,5-15% di disperdenti, lo 0,1-10% di ausili di sospensione (per esempio colloidi protettivi, composti che conferiscono tissotropia) e lo 0-10% di prodotti ausiliari adatti (per esempio agenti antischiuma, agenti di prevenzione della ruggine, stabilizzanti, agenti di spandimento, ausili di penetrazione, agenti anticongelanti, agenti antiesplosione, agenti antifungini). La sostituzione dell'acqua con oli in cui gli ingredienti attivi possono venire difficilmente disciolti rende possibile la produzione di sospensioni oleose.
Come collidi protettivi si possono usare, per esempio, gelatina, caseina, vari tipi di gomma, eteri di cellulosa, alcool polivinilico o altri materiali simili. I composti che conferiscono tissotropia possono comprendere, per esempio, bentonite, silicato di alluminio e magnesio, gomma xantan e acido poliacrilico.
I rapporti di miscelazione fra composto A e composto B nelle presenti composizioni non sono strettamente limitate, ma possono venire cambiate su un ampio campo in base ai tipi di formulazioni, usi e altri fattori. I rapporti di miscelazione sono normalmente nel campo da 0,01 a 30 parti, preferibilmente da 0,5 a 10 parti, di composto B per 1 parte di composto A e le quantità totali di composto A e composto B contenuti nelle presenti composizioni sono normalmente nel campo dallo 0,01% al 90% in peso, preferibilmente dallo 0,1 all'80% in peso.
Le presenti composizioni possono anche venire usate in miscela o insieme ad altri insetticidi, nematocidi, acaricidi, battericidi, fungicidi, erbicidi, regolatori della crescita delle piante, agenti sinergici, fertilizzanti, condizionatori del suolo e/oppure alimenti per animali. Gli insetticidi, acaricidi e nematocidi possono comprendere, per esempio, composti piretroidi come permethrin, cypermethrin, fenevalerato, esfenvalerato, fenpropathrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, fluvalinato, flucythrinato, allethrin, d-allethrin, prallethrin, cyphenothrin, phenothrin, resmethrin, tefluthrin, empenthrin, acrinathrin, cyhalothrin,· cyfluthrin, etofenprox, halfenprox, silafluofen, tralomethrin, cycloprothrin, esbiothrin, transfluthrin, terallethrin, imiprothrin e 1-etinil-2-fluoro-2-pentenil-3- (2,2-diclorovinil)-2,2-dimetilciclopropancarbossilato; composti organo-fosforosi come cyanophos, fenthion, fenitrothion, parathion, metilparathion, pirimiphos-metile, diazinon, isoxanthion, pyridaphenthion, chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphosmetile, oxydeprofos, vamidothion, malathion, phenthoate, dimethoate, thiometon, disulfoton, phosalone, phosmet, methidathion, prothiofos, sulprofos, profenofos, azinphos-metile, pyraclofos, salithion, tetrachlorvinphos, dichlorvos, monocrotophos, naled, dimethylvinphos, propaphos, acephate, methamidophos e ethion; composti di carbammato come carbaryl, metolcarb, isoprocarb, fenobucarb, propoxur, XMC, ethiofencarb, bendiocarb, pirimicarb, carbosulfan, carbofuran, benfuracarb, furathiocarb, methomyl, thiodicarb, oxamyl, alanycarb, metoxadiazone e fenothiocarb; neo-nicotinoidi comprendenti derivati di nitroimminoimidazolidina, derivati di nitrovinilidendiammina come N-(6-cloro-3-piridilmetil)-N-etil-N'-metil-2-nitrovinilidendiammina (nome comune: nitenpyram), derivati di nitroguanidina come l-metil-2-nitro-3-[(3-tetraidrofuril)metil]guanidina, derivati di cianoacetoammidina come N<1>-[(6-cloro-3-piridìl)metil]-N<2>-ciano-N<1>-metilacetoammidina (nome comune: acetamiprid), derivati di cianoimminotiazolina come 1-(2-cloro-5-piridilmetil)-2-cianoimminotiazolina (nome comune: thiacloprid), derivati di nitroimminotetraidro-1,3,5-ossadiadina come 3-[(2-cloro-5-tiazolil)metil]-5-metil-4-nitroimminotetraidro-l, 3,5-ossadiadina (nome comune: thiamethoxam) e derivati di nitroimminoesaidro-1,3,5-triazina come 3,5-dimetil-l-[ (2-cloro-5-tiazolil)metili-2-nitroimminoesaidro-1,3,5-triazina; derivati di nereistoxin come cartap, bensultap e thiocyclam; composti idrocarburici clorurati come benzoepin, dicofol e tetradifon; derivati di formammidina come amitraz e chlordimeform; derivati di fenilpirazolo come ethiprole; composti di benzoilfenilurea come dìflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron e novaluron; derivati di triazina come cyromazina; derivati di tiadiazina come buprofezin; composti giovanili come methoprene, hydroprene, fenoxycarb e diofenolan; tebufenozide, metossifenozide, alofenozide, chromafenozide, chlorfenapyr, phenisobromolate, chinomethionat, propargite, ossido di fenbutatin, hexythiazox, clofentezine, pyridaben, fenpyroximate, tebufenpyrad, pyrimidifen, polynactin, milbemectin, avermectina, ivermectina e azadirachtin.
Quando le presenti composizioni vengono applicate per l'uso nel controllo di insetti nocivi per l'agricoltura e le foreste, le loro quantità per l'applicazione sono normalmente nel campo da 1 g a 1000 g, preferibilmente da 10 g a 100 g, per 10 are in termini dì quantità totale di ingredienti attivi. Per concentrati emulsionabili, polveri bagnabili, prodotti scorrevoli o altre formulazioni simili, che vengono usate dopo diluizione con acqua, le loro concentrazioni per l'applicazione sono normalmente nel campo da 10 ppm a 1000 ppm in termini di quantità totale dì ingredienti attivi. Al contrario, granuli, polveri o altre formulazioni simili vengono applicati come tali. Queste formulazioni possono venire spruzzate sulle foglie delle piante come piante da raccolto da proteggere dagli insetti nocivi oppure possono venire usate nel trattamento del terreno per il controllo degli insetti nocivi che popolano il suolo. Le presenti composizioni possono anche venire formate in formulazioni a forma di foglio oppure a forma di stringa o corda, che vengono applicate avvolgendole direttamente attorno alle piante, disponendole in prossimità delle piante o spruzzandole sulla superficie del suolo in corrispondenza della radice.
Quando le presenti composizioni vengono applicate per l'uso nel controllo di insetti nocivi igienicamente sfavorevoli, concentrati emulsionabili, polveri bagnabili, prodotti fluidi o altre formulazioni simili vengono normalmente applicate dopo diluizione con acqua fino a quantità totali di ingredienti attivi nel campo da 0,01 ppm a 10.000 ppm, e spray oleosi, formulazioni fumiganti, agenti ULV, esche avvelenate o altre formulazioni simili vengono applicate come tali. Quando le presenti composizioni vengono usate nel trattamento diretto di corpi di animali per il controllo di ectoparassiti su piccoli animali come gatti e cani, possono venire applicate mediante i metodi veterinari noti: per esempio come compresse, mediante incorporazione nel cibo, come supposte o mediante iniezione (intramuscolare, sottocutanea, intravenosa, intraperitoneale o qualsiasi altra via) per il controllo sistemico; oppure spruzzando soluzioni oleose o acquose, mediante trattamento locale o a spadimento, oppure come formulazione di shampoo o formulazioni resinose come collari e contrassegni per le orecchie per il controllo non sistemico. Per tale applicazione diretta ai corpi degli animali, le quantità per l'applicazione sono normalmente nel campo da 0,1 mg a 500 mg per kg dell'animale ospite in termini di quantità totali di ingredienti attivi.
Queste quantità o concentrazioni per l'applicazione possono variare in base ai tipi di formulazione, tempi, luoghi e procedimenti di applicazione, tipi di insetti nocivi, grado di danneggiamento e altri fattori; esse possono quindi venire aumentate o diminuite senza limitarsi ai campi precedenti.
Esempi
La presente invenzione verrà ulteriormente illustrata mediante i seguenti esempi di formulazione ed esempi di prova; tuttavia, la presente invenzione non è limitata a questi esempi. Se non indicato diversamente, le parti sono in peso.
Esempio di formulazione 1 - Concentrato emulsionabile
Si miscelano uniformemente 5 parti di composto A, 10 parti di Composto B, 8 parti di poliossietilen alchilariletere, 2 parti di alchilarilsolfonato di sodio e 75 parti di xilene, per ottenere un concentrato emulsionabile.
Esempio di formulazione 2 - Polvere bagnabile Si miscelano uniformemente 5 parti di composto A, 10 parti di composto B, 3 parti di alchilbenzensolfonato di sodio, 3 parti di ligninsolfonato dì sodio e 79 parti di terra di diatomacee e si polverizza con un mulino a getto di aria.
Esempio di formulazione 3 - Polvere
Si miscelano uniformemente 1 parte di composto A, 1 parte di composto B, 48 parti di talco e 50 parti di argilla e si polverizza per ottenere una polvere .
Esempio di formulazione 4 - Prodotto fluido Si miscelano uniformemente 5 parti di poliossietilen stiril fenil etere solfato, 20 parti di soluzione acquosa all'1% di gomma xantan, 3 parti di minerale del gruppo della smectite e 57 parti dì acqua, quindi si aggiungono 5 parti di composto A e 10 parti di composto B, e la miscela risultante viene agitata accuratamente e quindi polverizzata ad umido in un mulino a sabbia per ottenere un prodotto scorrevole.
Esempio di formulazione 5 - Formulazione in microcapsule
Si miscelano 5 parti di composto A, 5 parti di composto B, 10 parti di fenilxililetano e 0,5 partì di Sumidur L-75 (tolilendiisocianato, disponibile presso Sumitomo Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.), e la miscela risultante viene quindi versata in 20 parti di soluzione acquosa al 10% di gomma arabica, seguita da agitazione in un omomiscelatore per ottenere una emulsione con un diametro medio delle particelle di 20 pm. A questa si aggiungono quindi 2 parti di glicole etilenico e si lascia procedere la reazione in un bagno di acqua a 60°C per 24 ore per ottenere un impasto di microcapsule. Separatamente, si disperdono 0,2 parti di gomma xantan e 1,0 parti di Beegum R {silicato di alluminio e magnesio disponibile presso Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in 56,3 parti di acqua deionizzata, per ottenere una soluzione di miglioratore della viscosità.
Infine, 42,5 parti del precedente impasto di microcapsule e 575, parti della precedente soluzione di miglioratore della viscosità vengono miscelate per ottenere una formulazione di microcapsule al 10%.
Esempio di formulazione 6 - Spray oleoso Dapprima 0,1 parti di composto A e 0,1 parti di composto B vengono disciolte in una miscela di 5 parti di xilene e 5 parti di tricloroetano, e la soluzione risultante viene quindi miscelata con 89,9 parti di cherosene deodorato per ottenere uno spray oleoso.
Esempio di formulazione 7 - Esca avvelenata Dapprima si disciolgono 5 mg di composto A e 5 mg di composto B in 0,5 ml di acetone, e la soluzione risultante viene quindi miscelata uniformemente con 5 g di polvere di cibo solido per animali (Breeding Solid Feed Powder CE-2, disponibile presso Japan Clea Co., Ltd.). La miscela viene essiccata all'aria per allontanare l'acetone per ottenere un'esca avvelenata.
Esempio di formulazione 8 - Formulazione resinosa
Si impastano dapprima 1 parte del Composto A e 1 parte del composto B con 98 parti di resina polietilenica (Sumikathene, disponibile presso Suinitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) in una impastatrice a pressione, quindi si pellettizza. I pellet vengono estrusi da 160°C a 180°C con una macchina per formare una pellicola per soffiatura per ottenere una formulazione resinosa in forma di pellicola con uno spessore di 0,1 mm.
Esempio di formulazione 9 - Formulazione fumigante mediante riscaldamento
Dapprima si disciolgono in una quantità adatta di acetone 50 mg di composto A e 50 mg di composto B. La soluzione risultante viene quindi adsorbita in una piastra di ceramica poroso con una dimensione di 4,0 cm x 4,0 cm e spessore di 1,2 cm per ottenere una formulazione fumigante mediante riscaldamento.
I seguenti esempi di prova vengono presentati per dimostrare che le presenti composizioni sono utili come ingredienti attivi di pesticidi.
Esempio di prova 1 - Prova pesticida contro Aphis gossypii
Venti adulti di Aphis gossypii vengono posti liberi di piante di cavolo cappuccio a tre foglio in vasi. Queste piante sono state spruzzate uniformemente usando uno spruzzatore con una diluizione in acqua in una concentrazione prescritta di un prodotto commerciale di composto A (nome commerciale Lano 10EC; disponibile presso Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), un prodotto commerciale di composto B (nome commerciale: Baroque Flowable; disponibile presso Yashima Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), oppure una miscela del prodotto commerciale di composto A e del prodotto commerciale di composto B. Dopo asciugatura all'aria, i vasi vengono posti in una serra. Al giorno predeterminato dopo l'applicazione, le piante di cavolo cappuccio vengono esaminate per il numero di afidi che sono sopravvissuti. I risultati sono mostrati nella Tabella 1.
TABELLA 1
Esempio di prova 2 - Prova pesticida contro Bemisia argentifolli
Pianticelle di cavolo cappuccio infestate con ninfe al primo stadio di Bemlsia argentifolii vengono spruzzate uniformemente usando uno spruzzatore con una diluizione in acqua in una concentrazione prescritta di un prodotto commerciale di composto A (nome commerciale: Lano 10EC; disponibile presso Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), un prodotto commerciale di composto B (nome commerciale: Baroque Flowable; disponibile presso Yashima Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), oppure una miscela del prodotto commerciale di composto A e del prodotto commerciale di composto B. Dopo asciugatura all'aria ciascuna pianticella di cavolo cappuccio viene posta in una gabbia di rete e tenuta in serra 16 giorni dopo l'applicazione si determina il numero di adulti emergenti. I risultati sono mostrati nella Tabella 2.
TABELLA 2
Claims (4)
- RIVENDICAZIONI 1. Composizione pesticida comprendente 4-fenossifenil-2- (2-piridilossi)propiletere e 2-{2,6-difluorofenil)-4- (2-etossi-4-terz-butilfenil)-2-ossazolina come ingredienti attivi.
- 2. Composizióne pesticida secondo la rivendicazione 1, in cui il rapporto in peso fra 4-fenossifenil-2- (2-piridilossi)propiletere e 2-(2,6-difluorofenil)-4- (2-etossi-4-terz-butilfenil)-2-ossazolina è nel campo da 100:1 a 1:30.
- 3. Procedimento per il controllo di insetti nocivi, comprendente l'applicazione di una composizione pesticida secondo la rivendicazione 1 oppure 2 agli insetti nocivi oppure al loro habitat.
- 4. Procedimento per la protezione di piante, comprendente l'applicazione di una composizione pesticida secondo la rivendicazione 1 oppure 2 alle piante oppure al loro ambiente circostante, che possono essere infestati con insetti nocivi per l'agricoltura o le foreste.
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JP10679499 | 1999-04-14 |
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KR (1) | KR100620301B1 (it) |
AU (1) | AU763103B2 (it) |
ES (1) | ES2172390B1 (it) |
FR (1) | FR2792170B1 (it) |
IL (1) | IL135178A (it) |
IT (1) | ITTO20000331A1 (it) |
TW (1) | TWI221082B (it) |
ZA (1) | ZA200001416B (it) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6303321B1 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2001-10-16 | North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute | Methods for diagnosing sepsis |
US7304034B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2007-12-04 | The Feinstein Institute For Medical Research | Use of HMGB fragments as anti-inflammatory agents |
DE60327100D1 (de) * | 2002-12-13 | 2009-05-20 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Verfahren zum beschichten eines fein gemahlenen feststoffes |
US7696169B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2010-04-13 | The Feinstein Institute For Medical Research | Inhibitors of the interaction between HMGB polypeptides and toll-like receptor 2 as anti-inflammatory agents |
JP4792392B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-11 | 2011-10-12 | コーナーストーン セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | Hmgb1に対するモノクローナル抗体 |
US20050106192A1 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | Parekh Prabodh P. | Synergistically-effective composition of zinc ricinoleate and one or more substituted monocyclic organic compounds and use thereof for preventing and/or suppressing malodors |
WO2006012415A2 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-02-02 | Critical Therapeutics, Inc. | Rage protein derivatives |
US8247446B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2012-08-21 | Fmc Corporation | Insecticidal compositions suitable for use in preparation of insecticidal granular fertilizer and insecticidal formulations |
AU2005239726C1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2010-11-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Pesticidal composition comprising pyriproxyfen |
EP1909834A2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2008-04-16 | Critical Therapeutics, Inc. | Use of hmgb1 antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions |
US20080311122A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2008-12-18 | Medimmune, Llc | Antagonists of Hmgb1 and/or Rage and Methods of Use Thereof |
US8012554B2 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2011-09-06 | Pactiv Corporation | Bags having odor management capabilities |
JP2013095739A (ja) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-20 | Kyoyu Agri Kk | 有害節足動物防除組成物 |
CN104054738B (zh) * | 2013-03-20 | 2017-09-29 | 上海生农生化制品有限公司 | 乙螨唑杀螨组合物 |
EP3790377A1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2021-03-17 | Sabanci Universitesi | Greenhouse cover loaded with pesticide providing controlled release |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59199673A (ja) | 1983-04-25 | 1984-11-12 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 含窒素複素環化合物、その製造法およびそれを有効成分とする有害生物防除剤 |
UA39936C2 (uk) * | 1992-04-28 | 2001-07-16 | Йашима Кемікал Індастрі Ко., Лтд | 2-(2,6-дифторфеніл)-4-(2-етокси-4-трет-бутилфеніл)-2-оксазолін, спосіб мiтицидної обробки та мiтицидна композиція |
ES2105940B1 (es) | 1993-09-22 | 1998-07-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Una composicion insecticida y acaricida, un metodo para reprimir insectos y acaros y empleo de dicha composicion. |
DE19541261A1 (de) * | 1995-11-06 | 1997-05-07 | Bayer Ag | Fluorpropenylheterocyclen |
WO1998034481A1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-08-13 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Synergistic juvenoid/chitin synthesis inhibitor termiticide compositions |
CA2288072A1 (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 1998-10-29 | Novartis Ag | Pesticidal composition |
AU734070B2 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2001-05-31 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Pesticidal composition |
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 TW TW089104882A patent/TWI221082B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-20 IL IL13517800A patent/IL135178A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-23 ZA ZA200001416A patent/ZA200001416B/xx unknown
- 2000-03-23 AU AU22501/00A patent/AU763103B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-07 US US09/544,212 patent/US6468555B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-07 IT IT2000TO000331A patent/ITTO20000331A1/it unknown
- 2000-04-07 KR KR1020000018114A patent/KR100620301B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-13 ES ES200000971A patent/ES2172390B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-14 FR FR0004818A patent/FR2792170B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010014696A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
AU763103B2 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
US6468555B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
TWI221082B (en) | 2004-09-21 |
ITTO20000331A0 (it) | 2000-04-07 |
AU2250100A (en) | 2000-10-19 |
IL135178A (en) | 2005-06-19 |
FR2792170A1 (fr) | 2000-10-20 |
IL135178A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
ES2172390A1 (es) | 2002-09-16 |
FR2792170B1 (fr) | 2003-09-19 |
ES2172390B1 (es) | 2004-01-16 |
KR100620301B1 (ko) | 2006-09-13 |
ZA200001416B (en) | 2000-10-24 |
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