ITMI20001179A1 - EXCHANGE DEVICE WITH SWITCHING DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a switching device with a switching device for its control, a control device for controlling a switching device with a switching device, a method for controlling such a switching device as well as a use of this switching device.

Switching devices are used for switching between different shift stages in a shifting device, in particular an automated gearbox. These switching devices have a switching motor and a selection motor, where the motors have a switching finger, which is moved in an arrangement consisting of a selection track and several shift tracks. The shift tracks are associated in this case with predetermined gears, so that within the shift track there exists a position in which a predetermined shift gear is fully engaged. The movement of the shift finger is transmitted to the shift rings via a corresponding mechanism with shift forks. A shift shaft coupled to the shift finger is driven by the motors in such a way that it can perform orientation movements around its axis as well as axial movements. These respectively linear orientation movements are converted into the shift movement or the movement of the shift rings.

These movements or in particular the movement of the motors are followed in this case by path transducers and / or angular transducers. These are performed as incremental path sensors, thus as sensor devices that detect a position by adding up individual increments along a path or an angle.

Such switching devices have proven themselves in particular for the control of automated gearboxes. The use of incremental path sensing devices has often led to cost savings compared to the use of absolute path sensing devices.

However, it would be desirable to further improve these known changeover devices with changeover devices in particular with regard to changeover reliability and accuracy.

Thus, in particular when using incremental path detection devices, there is often the danger of incorrect switching, which in addition to loss of comfort, can cause delayed shifting processes or damage to the gearbox or changeover device.

It is therefore desirable that the momentary position of the shift finger can always be determined or monitored safely, or position compensation or position adaptation can be carried out, i.e. also when information from a distance measuring device is lost. or they are wrong. Furthermore, it would be desirable that path errors upon detection or actuation of the shift finger are detected as promptly and safely as possible, and substitute measures for their elimination can be initiated.

A secured adaptation of predetermined positions, such as in particular the final travel positions, at predetermined instants would also be desirable.

Therefore, the invention is based on the task of providing an improved changeover device with a changeover device or a method for controlling such a device as well as a control device for controlling the actuating device of such a device, by means of which the likelihood of incorrect gearboxes, damage to the gearbox, malfunctions and breakdowns is reduced, and through which the possibility of improved ride comfort is realized.

The task is solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 1 and / or claim 7 and / or claim 8 and / or claim 25 and / or claim 28 and / or claim 29 and / or claim 34 and / or claim 46 and / or claim 50 and / or claim 62 and / or claim 63 and / or claim 66 and / or claim 67 and / or claim 117.

The object is further solved by means of a control device for controlling the actuation device of a switching device of a change device according to claim 70 and / or claim 116.

A process according to the invention is the object of claim 71 and / or claim 72 and / or claim 75 and / or claim 82 and / or claim 85 and / or claim 96 and / or claim 98 and / or of claim 99 and / or claim 102 and / or claim 104 and / or claim 106 and / or claim 111 and / or claim 113 and / or claim 114 and / or claim 115.

A use according to the invention is the object of claim 122 and / or claim 123 and / or claim 124.

Preferred improvements of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a changeover device is proposed with a switching device for its actuation, where the switching device has a device for the automated determination of at least one predetermined characteristic quantity, from which, starting from a position of the unknown gearbox, therefore in particular an unknown position within the arrangement of selection / gearbox tracks, the characteristic quantity can be determined.

It should be noted that the gearshift device in all embodiments of this application is preferably performed as an automated gearbox (ASG) of a motor vehicle. It should also be noted that the embodiments of the invention are illustrated in particular with reference to a switching device for operating a switching device, where this should not represent any limitation of the invention to the switching device. In particular, the invention also extends to a change device with the characteristics according to the invention

The change device has an arrangement of selection-change tracks. In the context of this application, an arrangement consisting of at least one selection lane and at least one gearshift lane is to be understood in particular with the arrangement of shifting tracks. A first switching element, which is in particular a shift finger, is movable in this arrangement of selector-change tracks or in this circuit diagram. It should also be noted that in the context of this application, shifting tracks are intended in particular to mean a track which is arranged in the direction of selection in the case of a determined position. in particular in the case of a given position, sections of the track arranged in the selection direction, which extend on different sides of the selection track, are referred to as a change track. In particular, these different sections are also referred to as a change track.

It should be noted that the concept "change finger", referred to in the context of this description, is to be understood in a broad sense. In the sense of the claims, the concept of a change finger is therefore generally to be understood as a change element.

The shift finger is controlled by an actuation device, which in particular has a selection motor and a shift motor. From the selection motor, the shift finger can be controlled in the selection direction, i.e. in the direction which is predetermined by the longitudinal direction of the selection track. Correspondingly, the shift finger can be controlled by the shift motor in the shift direction, i.e. in the direction which is predetermined by the longitudinal direction of the shift track.

In the sense of this application, an actuation device is intended in particular to mean a device which has at least one motor, in particular an electric motor. In particular, the actuation device has a selection motor and a shift motor, where these motors control in particular a movement of the shift finger and / or of a shift shaft in different directions.

A path detection device detects the movement of the shift finger respectively the movement of the shift shaft or the movement of the motor, thus in particular the movement of a selection motor and a shift motor.

It should be noted that the concept of a path detection device or a path measuring device within the scope of this invention is to be understood in a broad sense, and in particular includes a device for detecting a path and a device for detecting of an angle (path) and / or a position. Furthermore, this concept extends to both an absolute path sensing device and an incremental path sensing device. Preferably, the path detection device is designed as an incremental angle sensor, where particularly preferably each time an angle sensor is arranged on or in the selection motor or in its vicinity and on or in the gearbox motor or in its vicinity. It is also preferred that a selection motor drives an axial movement of a shift shaft and a shift motor controls a rotational or pivoting movement of this shift shaft, where an incremental angle sensor detects the orientation movement and a sensor path for detecting longitudinal movement detects translational movement.

In the context of this application, path sensors are intended in particular to mean a sensor relevant to the angular movement or the orientation movement or a sensor relevant to the translational movement, or a sensor relevant to a path. The distance sensor is designed in particular as an incremental distance sensor.

The switching device preferably has a second shift element, which is preferably designed as a shift shaft. Note that to simplify the illustration of the invention, reference is made below to a gearbox shaft, where a gearbox element performed in another way can also be used instead of the gearbox shaft.

From the device for the automated determination of at least one predetermined characteristic quantity of the switching device, this respective characteristic quantity can be determined independently of a knowledge of the starting position of the shift finger in the selection-shift track arrangement. By this, it is to be understood in particular that this device makes it possible to determine the characteristic value even when at the starting instant of this determination no information or sufficient information is available on the momentary position of the change finger within the arrangement of tracks. selection-exchange. Thus the characteristic values ,. preferably geometric characteristic values can also be determined when the path detection device does not provide correct values or no values at the momentary (starting) position of the change finger.

The detectable shifting characteristic values can basically be any predetermined characteristic values of the shifting device and / or of the switching device and / or of a control device for controlling the switching device. In particular, the characteristic values of the gearbox are characteristic values which at least describe the orientation, the position, the width or the length of a gearshift or selection raceway or the course of the raceway wall. A further example of such a characteristic value represents a predetermined position within the arrangement of selection-shifting tracks, of which its absolute position is known. Thus in particular by means of an association characteristic, predetermined coordinates can be associated with a predetermined point, so that after reaching this point according to the association characteristic, the (relative) position of other points within the arrangement of selection tracks is known. change (again). In particular, the predetermined characteristic value can also be the position of a final travel position (without force) within the shift tracks or the position of the shift finger with the neutral gear engaged. The functionality of the path detection device or the drive device or their motors is also considered as a characteristic value. A further example of such a characteristic value represents the position of a gear shaft. The characteristic value can in particular be a predetermined point or a distance measure or the identity of a running stage. Note that by means of this exemplary list of characteristic values the characteristic values considered are not limited.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a predetermined reference position is approached by a geometric characteristic value detection device according to a predetermined characteristic within the arrangement of selection-change tracks, where the starting position can be unknown. of the change finger. It should be noted that by approaching is meant here the fact that the shift finger is moved to a predetermined position. Starting from this predetermined position, which represents in particular a geometric characteristic value, predetermined geometric characteristic values can be detected according to a second predetermined characteristic, respectively predetermined positions can be approached by the change finger for the detection of predetermined geometric characteristic values.

it should be noted that the starting position can also be estimated in particular. The first characteristic can be based in particular on the analysis of predetermined parameters, such as in particular displacement path or the like, which are controlled starting from momentary positions.

It should be noted that according to the invention predetermined characteristic values are preferably detected, from which with the help of additive and / or multiplicative or other operations and / or as a function of experience values or otherwise, according to a predetermined characteristic, corrected values are entered, which can be further used as geometric characteristic values of the gearbox. Therefore, according to the invention, it is preferably provided that the geometric characteristic values of the gearbox are determined indirectly.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the shift finger can be actuated or moved in the selection direction and / or in the shift direction starting from the position of the shift finger for the determination of predetermined geometric characteristic values of the shift. unknown shift, in order to determine travel paths to the shift finger, existing in the case of this position at the unknown shift finger, in the selection direction and / or in the shift direction. Subsequently, the device for detecting predetermined geometric characteristic values of the gearbox can evaluate the result of these displacements in the gearbox direction and / or in the selection direction. In the context of this evaluation, it is preferred that additional characteristic values are considered. These additional characteristic values or data or information are stored in particular in a memory device. The valuation takes place in particular according to a predetermined valuation characteristic. Depending on the result of this evaluation and / or on other characteristic values or information already determined or known, a new predetermined position of the change finger is subsequently approached according to a predetermined characteristic, in particular the final point to be approached is fixed, where the approaching this position takes place through a scan and / or according to a predetermined trajectory. It is preferred that a new position be commanded iteratively.

The values determined by the respective method or the determination of the respective travel paths are in particular fed directly to an evaluation. It is also preferred that they are processed respectively modified by additive or multiplicative operations or with the help of experimental values, correction values or the like, before being considered for further evaluation.

The sequences of steps for controlling a position, determining the travel paths starting from this position, as well as evaluating the determined travel paths, in particular for controlling a new predetermined position, are repeated by the device for detecting the movements. predetermined geometric characteristic values preferably until the predetermined geometric characteristic values are fully detected.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the gear rest positions and / or one of the synchronous positions and / or at least one position of the tracks and / or a track width is comprised by these geometric characteristic values of the gearbox. .

It is particularly preferred that predetermined stops and / or predetermined walls of the selection track and / or of the shift tracks are approached at least temporarily by the device for detecting the geometric characteristic value of the gearbox, respectively, a corresponding approach is carried out by a method, where the slope wall and / or stop is detected indirectly. For indirect disclosure the most disparate procedures are considered. In particular, predetermined characteristic values or operating characteristic values can be used for this purpose, respectively with the help of their time course the stop against a track wall or against a stop can be detected. In particular, the selection motor and / or the gearbox motor can be controlled in such a way that it is fed with a predetermined speed (number of revolutions), a predetermined acceleration (angular acceleration), a predetermined force (moment), a iterative motion with predetermined path (angular position), a motion with predetermined path to stochastic (angular position), and / or brings a predetermined voltage and / or a predetermined current or another predetermined motion or a combination of the above-mentioned movements, when the change finger is moved freely. When stopping against a stop these values change.

An analysis of the standstill can take place in particular by detecting and / or analyzing the path of the synchronizing sleeve and / or the speed of the synchronizing sleeve and / or the acceleration of the synchronizing sleeve and / or a path at a point any in the path between the electric motor, therefore in particular the selection and / or shift motor, and the shift and / or speed fork at any point in the path between the electric motor and the shift fork and / or of an acceleration anywhere in the path between the electric motor and the shift fork and / or a measurement of the shift force at any point in the path between the electric motor and the shift fork and / or the angular position of the shift fork. motor and / or the motor speed and / or the angular acceleration of the motor and / or the motor voltage and / or the motor current and / or a comparison between the nominal path and the actual path of the position and / or the axial position of the gearbox shaft and / or the axial speed of one or more gearbox shafts and / or the axial acceleration of one or more gearbox shafts and / or the angular position of one or more gearbox shafts gearbox and / or the angular velocity of one or more gearbox shafts and / or the angular acceleration of one or more gearbox shafts and / or the transmitted moment of one or more gearbox shafts and / or the transmitted moment of the gearbox and / or any combination of the previously mentioned quantities.

The object is further solved by a changeover device with changeover device according to claim 7.

According to the invention, provision is made for providing the switching device with a device for determining and / or controlling and / or fine tuning the neutral position of the gearbox. Such a device makes it possible to find the neutral position. To find this neutral position, the device for determining and / or controlling and / or fine-tuning the neutral gear position controls the shift finger in such a way that it travels at least once a predetermined length or a predetermined area in direction of selection. Subsequently, the shift finger is controlled in such a way that it approaches by at least one increment, and therefore by a very small predetermined path, in the shift direction to one of the walls oriented in the longitudinal direction of the selection track, respectively assumes a new position in the direction of exchange. The shift finger is then moved again along a predetermined path in the selection direction, preferably along the entire length of the selection track, before it is moved incrementally again in the shift direction, in this case the orientation of the shift in the shift direction corresponds to the orientation that was present in the case of the previous shift in the shift direction. In this way, one of the walls of the selection track is approached, extending in the longitudinal direction, until the change finger is deflected in the change direction in the case of a command in the selection direction. This deflection can be seen as an indication that the change finger on moving in the selection direction has bumped against a stop respectively against a projection or the like of the longitudinal wall of the selection track.

In this way, the position of the longitudinal wall can be determined, along which the change finger can be moved along the entire length of the selection track undisturbed by stops or the like.

The position of the wall is then determined accordingly for the opposite longitudinal wall of the selection track. For this purpose, the shift finger in particular can be moved back to its starting position, since as a result of the incremental approach to the first wall of the selection track it is clear that the second wall of the opposite selection track is not located. in this area traveled.

The neutral position can be determined with the aid of the similar positions of the walls of the selection track according to a predetermined characteristic, in particular by forming an average value, of the coordinates in the change direction.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the change finger is not moved each time with incremental approach along the entire length of the selection track, but along predetermined partial lengths in the selection direction.

In particular, this makes it possible for different sections of the longitudinal wall of the sorting track to be differentiated each time separately with regard to their coordinates in the change direction.

This makes it possible in particular - since the exact position of the individual wall sections is then known - that more direct paths can be selected when changing between different change tracks without the danger of the change finger hitting against a change during the change. wall.

According to the invention, the final travel positions can also be determined accordingly. In addition, shift tracks can be measured in this way. In particular, the widths of the change tracks can be determined. It should be noted that this measurement can be carried out by means of the already mentioned device or by means of the already mentioned method with inversion of the change selection tracks of the selection direction and of the change direction respectively.

However, since the change tracks each open onto the selection track, this is preferably taken into account according to a predetermined characteristic.

In particular, two shift tracks, respectively opposite shift track sections on the other side of the selection track, are treated as units, so that the shift finger is moved from a shift track section through the selection track into a shift track. opposite shifting respectively the opposite shifting track section in the manner previously described. It is also preferred that the position of the respective shift track is first determined and then this length is taken into account in the case of the travel path in the shift direction. The length of the shift track can be determined in that the shift finger is moved in the shift direction and at the same time the selection motor is operated. With the aid of the path detection device it can be monitored when the position value changes in the selection direction by more than a predetermined amount. The measured value present at this point for the shift position is representative of one end of the shift track concerned. From this point on, the shift finger is moved in particular in the direction of the shift track until it hits the end stop, so that the differential length represents the length of the shift track. It is also possible to start at the end stop of the change track.

The object is further solved by means of a change device with a changeover device for its actuation according to claim 8.

It is provided to provide a switching device with an absolute position detection device. From this absolute position detection device, starting from an unknown position according to one of the coordinates within the arrangement of selection-change tracks, of the change finger and / or from an unknown position of the change shaft, it is possible to determine an absolute position in the selection direction and / or in the change direction.

The absolute position in the change direction or in the selection direction in the demand direction is to be understood in particular as a position whose position is uniquely fixed within the arrangement of selection-change tracks. In particular, the absolute position is fixed with respect to the arrangement of selection-change tracks in the way that a marking on the bottom of this arrangement would be fixed. It is preferred that this absolute position is in particular independent of a wear which occurs along the walls of the tracks.

note that in particular the determination and / or detection of this absolute position is referred to as absolute compensation in the sense of this question. Absolute compensation is preferably performed controlled by events or at predetermined time intervals, to set an incremented counter to a predetermined starting value, such as zero in particular.

With this, in particular, it is possible to avoid errors in the sensuality, disturbing influences on measurement signals or incorrect evaluations, which lead to errors of sum and therefore of position. With this, the effect of a loss of the absolute position can also be equalized, in particular due to incorrect storage of the position or due to a reset of the command or other disturbances.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the absolute position detection device is designed in such a way that the absolute position of the shift shaft and / or shift finger can be determined substantially independently of the actuating forces of the device switching. In particular, it is preferred that the absolute position can be determined independently of the magnitude of the forces applied by the drive device and in particular by its motors.

It is preferred that, irrespective of the magnitude of the actuating force applied to the shift finger, the identical absolute position can be determined or an identical position is entered as the absolute position.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the switching device or the absolute position detection device has at least one sensing device and at least one signal field. This signal field can be analyzed by the sensing device. Preferably, the sensor device is designed as a digital sensor or the signal field as a digital sensor field.

the signal field is arranged in particular on the surface of the shift shaft. In particular, the signal field is formed by surface elevations and / or surface recesses of the shift shaft.

The signal field corresponds to a model projected in the arrangement of selection-change tracks, which has a plurality of fields in the shape of a field. A predetermined signal (from the signal field) is respectively associated with these zones.

Upon crossing or detecting a limit between two zones, to which different signal values correspond, the sensor detects a signal or detects the variation of the signal value.

Preferably, the absolute position detection characteristic controls the movement of the shift finger according to a predetermined characteristic. This characteristic is particularly preferably dependent on the design of the sensor field or the model. The characteristic is in particular such that the shift finger is first actuated in a direction in which, according to the design, an absolute position can be reliably determined independently of the position of the shift finger.

The invention is advantageous in that it makes it possible, by means of a single sensor, to perform an absolute compensation, where in any case even more sensors can be provided. Particularly preferred is also the use of a digital sensor and / or a switch on the selection motor and of a digital sensor and / or switch on the shift motor. The use of a digital switch on the shift shaft makes it possible in particular that instead of a respective switch for each engine, only a single switch or sensor is required. A switching device according to the invention with sensor field as well as a sensor also has the advantage that the absolute position can be determined with high accuracy and with little effort in a short time. Furthermore, according to the invention, it is possible to carry out absolute compensation in any driving stage.

The invention is also advantageous in that the absolute position can be determined independently of the elasticity of the switching device, such as in particular the elasticity of stops, such as the track wall, or the elasticity of an actuating device, in particular of an engine.

The influence of measurement inaccuracies can be reduced or clearly eliminated according to the invention. It is also advantageous that component wear is not reflected in the position determination.

The signal field is particularly preferably arranged on the gear shaft.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the determination of the absolute position takes into account in which direction of the shift finger in the case of a digital shift and / or in which orientation (from digital signal 0 to digital signal 1 respectively digital change takes place from digital signal 1 to digital signal 0).

It is preferred that the model or the signal field be executed in such a way that the absolute position in the shift direction and in the selection direction can be determined uniquely within two shifting processes of the shift finger. It is particularly preferred that the absolute position in the selection direction or in the change direction can be uniquely determined within a maximum of three shift finger shifting procedures.

In particular, a shifting process refers to a movement of the shift finger between a starting point and an end point, between which the orientation and direction of the shifting movement is maintained.

It is particularly preferred that the field-shaped areas of the projected model in the arrangement of selection-change tracks are oriented substantially parallel to the axes of the tracks, therefore of the change tracks or of the selection tracks.

It is preferred that the sensing device has at least one sensor, preferably exactly one sensor, which is an electromechanical analyzer, a Hall sensor, an inductive sensor, an optical sensor, a capacitive sensor, a sound sensor, an electrical collector, connected to a conductive track, or the like or a combination of the above.

Preferably, the switching device has an evaluation device, which associates predetermined digital changes according to a predetermined characteristic, to a predetermined position in the selection and / or change direction. In particular, it is preferred that the model be deposited in this evaluation device. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the design is made in such a way that in at least one shift track two zones, which represent a different sensor signal, collide against each other with an extending nip at least partially in the direction of exchange. It is also preferred that these regions within the shift race border one another with a nip extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shift tracks. It is particularly preferred that within the selection track two zones, to which a different sensor signal is associated, border one another with a contact line extending at least partially in the longitudinal direction of the selection track. It is also preferred that these areas within the track border one another with a nip extending at least partially in a transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the selection track.

It is preferred that at least a first model, of the model projected in the arrangement of selection-change tracks, corresponds to a first digital value, and at least a second zone corresponds to the second digital value, different from the first, where the first zone is located in particular cross-shaped or H-shaped within the arrangement of selection-change tracks.

In particular, a first partial zone of a first cross-shaped zone extends substantially along the entire length of the selection track. A second partial zone, crossing this first partial zone, is arranged in particular along the entire length of two change tracks placed in series, the unit of which crosses the selection track. It is preferred that this second partial area is arranged within the selection track at the height of a position that is positioned in the selection direction between two change tracks. It is preferred that a signal corresponding to the second zone is present in the crossing zone of the partial intersecting zones of the first zone, therefore in the overlapping zone. The partial zones of the first zone preferably have a width which is smaller than the width of the change track or of the selection track.

It is also preferred that the first H-shaped region be arranged within the selection-shift track arrangement. In particular, a rib, which connects the two parallel columns of the "H", extends along the entire length of the selection raceway, while the columns extend into the change raceways and partially cover them - as far as their width is concerned. In this case, the "columns" preferably rest on the walls of the change tracks, where the two columns of the "H" rest on wall areas, oriented differently in the direction of selection, of the change track.

It is also preferred that a first zone extends in the selection direction, substantially covers the selection track, further extends partially into the change tracks and is further interrupted in the selection direction at a predetermined point, so that in this zone there is a second zone that extends along the entire width of the selection lane.

It is preferred that the model be executed in such a way that the first zone is arranged in the shape of a cross, where an extension direction of this cross - interrupted by the superimposed crossing zone - extends through the entire selection lane, while a partial area of the cross, placed perpendicular to this, extends into two change tracks placed one next to the other in the direction of selection.

It is preferred that the first zone extends substantially in the selection direction, covers the entire width of the selection track in this zone, further extends partially into the shift tracks bearing in the shift direction, where a partial zone of the first zone, extending perpendicular to this in the selection direction, it completely covers two opposite change tracks in the change direction, where the overlapping zone in the change direction and in the selection direction of the first zone corresponds to the digital value of the second zone.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the hysteresis, which optionally has a digital switch, is taken into account in the evaluation device.

The object is further solved by means of a change device with a changeover device for its actuation according to claim 25.

A switching device is provided, which has an arrangement of selection-shifting tracks, in which a shift finger is movable, which can be controlled by an actuating device, and which has at least one shift shaft and at least one. '> three-stage switch, which interacts with a component, moved during the shifting process, such as in particular the shift shaft, so that at least three different switching states can be differentiated or detectable.

In particular, the shell surface of the shift shaft has a profiling which can be analyzed by the three-stage switch. The profiling is carried out in this case in particular in such a way that the surface of the profiling located radially outward has at least three zones, which differ in their distance from the central axis of the gear shaft. These three different distances are detectable by the switch in a qualitative and / or quantitative way.

In particular, a first profiling depth is associated with the neutral position and a second profiling depth is associated with the reverse gearbox. A third region is formed in particular by the regions of the shift shaft surface which do not have any recess.

In particular, a mechanical switch then analyzes these surface areas in such a way that it can distinguish whether the reverse gear position, the neutral gear position or another gear position is assumed.

Note that although the invention is illustrated in more detail with the help of a mechanical switch, the invention similarly includes the use of other switches.

The invention is advantageous in that it makes it possible to accurately detect predetermined gear positions. With the help of these positions it is in particular also possible to compensate for a path detection device (incremental). According to the invention, it is preferably provided that the reverse gear is automatically engaged in the parking function, so that with the aid of the reverse gear, detected by the three-stage switch, in particular when switching on, a detecting device can be compensated for. path (incremental). It is particularly preferred to provide a three-stage switch, by means of which exactly two predetermined gear positions can be identified as neutral gear position and reverse gear positions.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 28.

According to the invention it is provided to provide a switching device for the actuation of a change device of a redundancy sensor device for the control and / or adaptation of a path detection device.

In particular, the switching device has an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved, which is controlled by an actuating device, in particular a selection motor and a shift motor. The movement of the shift finger is followed by a path detection device.

The redundancy sensor device can detect or detect predetermined gear positions. An association feature associates predetermined positions, detected by the path detection device, with predetermined characteristic values of the change. In particular, this association characteristic associates predetermined positions with the final running positions and with the neutral position.

According to the invention, it is preferably provided that with the help of the values made by the redundancy sensor device, the association characteristic can be checked for correctness.

In particular, the redundancy sensor device detects when the final travel position and / or the neutral position are assumed by the gearbox device. The association feature associates these end positions with predetermined position values. These position values can be compared with the position values indicated in the final travel positions respectively in the neutral position by the path detection device. If a deviation is determined, which is greater than a predetermined value, the position values can be adapted to the association characteristic.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 29.

A profiling is provided on the shift shaft which has different potential areas with respect to the axis of the shift shaft. In particular, the final gear positions and the neutral position are performed as recesses within the gear shaft. A retainer has a sphere stressed by a spring, which rests against the gear shaft and in the case of the switching states "final travel position" or "neutral position" enters the corresponding recesses. The sphere therefore assumes a potential which differs from the potentials assumed by the sphere when it is outside the final running positions respectively of the neutral position.

It is preferred that the final travel positions respectively the neutral position are associated respectively with the same profiling potential. It is also preferred that each of these positions be associated with a specific potential for it.

Arranged in or on the retainer is a sensor device and / or a switch which follows or monitors the movement of the ball, in particular in the translational direction. Thus, the states in which the ball is placed in the recesses, provided for the final travel positions or neutral position, within the shift shaft can be recognized. The signal thus detected by the sensor device respectively by the switch can be considered for the control of the selection motor and / or of the gearbox motor and / or of the (incremental) path detection device associated with them. In particular, in an association feature, comprised by a control device for controlling the actuation device, the predetermined gear positions, such as in particular a final gear position or a neutral position, are associated with predetermined position values of the device. drive, and the correctness of this association is controllable.

Thus in particular, when the sensor has detected that the ball is placed in a recess from the shift shaft, it can be checked whether the values entered at this instant by the path detection device correspond to the values which are associated, according to the characteristic. of association, to a final running position respectively to the neutral position. If not, it can be concluded that there is an error of the association characteristic respectively of the path detection device. It is preferably provided that a position value, in particular the position value which is closest to the momentary position value, indicated by the (incremental) path sensing device, is adjusted to this position value of the incremental path sensing device , then be adapted to the association characteristic.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 34.

According to the invention, the change device is expected to have an idle reference device.

A neutral reference run can be started and executed from the neutral reference device. An idle reference gear is a predetermined sequence of actuations of the actuation device respectively of the selection motor and / or of the shift motor respectively of the shift finger, by means of which, starting from an unknown shift finger position, it can engage neutral gear, where missing information, such as in particular missing information on the position of the shift finger, is determined by analysis and pressure processes as well as their evaluation.

An analysis process is in this case a process in which the shift finger is actuated in a predetermined direction until a stop is recognized respectively in which the actuating device or the selection motor or the shift motor is actuated until when it does not recognize a stop or a maximum distance has been traveled.

A squeezing process is a process in which the shift finger is driven in a predetermined direction until a shift of the shift finger in this direction has been recognized, respectively, in which the actuating device or the motor selection respectively, the shift motor is powered until a shift of the shift finger and / or the actuating device has been detected.

According to the invention, it is envisaged that predetermined shift finger movements are prevented when the shift finger is controlled, or the shift finger is controlled in such a way that no predetermined shift finger movements can occur, predetermined according to direction and orientation. In particular, it is provided that these inadmissible movements of the shift finger respectively directions and orientations are such that it is ensured that the shift finger during the idle reference gear is not introduced into predetermined critical shift tracks. In this case, critical shift tracks are meant a shift track which is associated with a gear, upon insertion of which, in the presence of predetermined operating parameters, such as in particular the number of revolutions in a thermal engine or vehicle speed, there is is the danger of damage to the change device.

It is preferred that these critical running stages are set as a function of predetermined operating parameters, present momentarily, therefore dynamically.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the shift finger during an idle reference gear is controlled by the idle reference device only in the orientations of the longitudinal direction of the selection tracks and in directions which have a vector component in the selection direction and a vector component in the direction of change, where the vector composed of these vector components is oriented and directed according to predetermined criteria. These predetermined criteria are in particular the fact that the vector is not parallel to a vector which is oriented from any point of the selection track to any point of a critical shift track, where in particular only those points of the selection lanes, which are located in the selection lane outside the zones which represent a crossing area between the selection lane and the critical change lanes.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the first gear and the reverse gear are set as critical gear.

It is particularly preferred that the arrangement of shift-selection tracks be performed as a double H circuit figure. It is preferred that in such a double H circuit figure above from left to right the shift tracks of the first, of the third and fifth gears next to each other, while below, therefore beyond the selection track, the second, fourth and reverse gears are arranged from left to right, so that the first gear and the reverse gear 3 are arranged diametrically on the outside.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the neutral reference device starts a neutral reference gear, when one or more starting situations or circumstances are detected.

A preferred starting circumstance is given in particular when during travel it is established that different information on the engaged gear stage is present. In particular, there is a starting circumstance when, with the clutch closed as a function of the number of revolutions of the thermal engine and the number of wheel revolutions, a gear stage is determined which does not coincide with the gear stage which is determined simultaneously according to the device. path detection. A similar situation occurs in particular when the actuating device has failed to switch.

A further preferred starting circumstance is given when - in particular due to a false contact or leaks - incorrect signals are received from the incremental sensors in the gearbox drive, which could not however be identified as incorrect, so that the device of actuation commands wrong positions respectively gear in wrong gear respectively causes unexpected stops in the gearbox.

A further preferred starting circumstance is given when a switchgear for controlling the actuating device has been reset or temporarily switched off - in particular as a result of a battery fault - so that the position of the shift finger is lost. or is it wrong.

A further preferred starting condition is given when a control unit for controlling the actuating device has been mounted or replaced.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an idle reference gear is initiated by the idle reference device only when predetermined operating circumstances are present. Such operating circumstances may in particular be operating circumstances, which are representative of a desired running state, the interruption of which is typically undesirable. In particular, an idle reference gear is initiated by the idle reference device only when it is ensured that the vehicle, which has a switching device according to the invention, is not in kick-down operation.

It is preferred that an idle reference gear is started by the idle reference device only when the speed of the vehicle, which has a switching device according to the invention, is less than a predetermined speed value. It is particularly preferred that an idle reference gear is initiated by the idle reference device only when a vehicle with a switching device according to the invention is substantially stationary.

Particularly preferably, an idle reference gear is started only when predetermined throttle angles of a vehicle with a switching device according to the invention have been detected.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, predetermined shifting processes, in particular engagement of a gear, are prevented by the idle reference device during an idle reference gear.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in the presence of predetermined error conditions the reference run is interrupted and / or a Shut-down is repeated or started.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an idle reference gear is initiated by the idle reference device under predetermined circumstances. If predetermined operating circumstances are revealed, particularly when it is determined that an idle reference gear is not dangerous, an LR analysis procedure is initiated. An LR analysis procedure is an analysis procedure which consists of an analysis procedure on the left with a subsequent analysis procedure on the right. The selection motor is powered in particular in such a way that the shift finger is driven in the selection direction to the left. After reaching a stop or following a maximum distance, the selection motor is powered in such a way that the shift finger is driven in the selection direction to the right.

Note that the left (L) and right (R) directions represent in particular opposite directions in the selection direction, which according to a predetermined characteristic are associated with the scheme. Below the left and right indications refer to a double H pattern, in which the first, third and fifth gears are arranged from left to right on one side of the selection track and on the other side of the selection track are arranged the second, fourth and reverse.

In this case, a distinction is made in particular between forward (V) and backward (H) movements in the direction of change. These directions are oriented opposite in the direction of change. The "forward" direction is oriented from the selection track in the direction of the shift tracks of the first, third and fifth gears, while the "back" direction is oriented, from the point of view of the selection track, in the direction of the shift tracks. change of second, fourth and reverse gear.

Note that these steering fixings must not restrict the invention in any way.

When in the case of the LR analysis a large width has been detected respectively the stops are further apart from each other by more than a predetermined path difference, the idle reference device concludes that the shift finger is within the selection track . Since analysis R was followed by analysis L, it can be concluded that neutral gear is engaged at the far right.

If the LR analysis has revealed a width or a distance between the stop points which is less than a predetermined value, it can be concluded that the shift finger is in the running track.

Subsequently, an analysis V with simultaneous compression R is commanded by the neutral reference device. analysis on the right, then an analysis on the left and then again an analysis on the right, for control. This checks whether the shift finger is actually within the selection track. If a distance between the stops has been detected, which is greater than a predetermined distance, it is concluded that the shift finger is actually in the selection lane, that is, since it was analyzed last to the right, at the right end of the lane. selection.

If a stop was detected during the analysis V with simultaneous compression R, it can be concluded that the change finger - in particular on the basis of the diagram sketched previously as an example - is in one of the change tracks of the first, third or fifth gear. This determination is similarly made by the neutral reference device when the RLR analysis has revealed a small distance between the stops. In both cases, a process of analysis H with simultaneous compression L is started. an LR analysis for control. If in the case of this LR analysis a distance has been detected, which is greater than a predetermined distance value, it is concluded that the shift finger is within the selection track, i.e. at its right end.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the idle reference device after finding the selection track can detect the position of the shift finger in the direction of the shift tracks. In this case it is preferred that starting from the end of the selection track or from the right, the change finger is moved in the selection direction by a predetermined length, where this predetermined length is determined, according to a predetermined characteristic, so that the shift finger is positioned substantially in the center between two shift tracks, placed next to each other in the selection direction, within the selection track. The shift finger is then controlled by the idle reference device in the shift direction with predetermined orientation, until a stop is detected (against a track wall). To prevent slipping in one of the supported shift tracks, the selection position is monitored during movement in the shift direction. If a change in the selection direction is detected which is greater than a predetermined change, then the movement of the shift finger is stopped.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an idle reference gear is initiated by the idle reference device when predetermined groups are in operation after switching on a control device, without predetermined characteristic values of the switching device being provided , such as in particular the position of the shift finger.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 46.

According to the invention, a device is provided, by which the shift finger can be pushed and compressed under predetermined circumstances against a predetermined stop, where the shift finger is subsequently relieved by this device, so that the shift finger assumes a substantially position without force, from which it can be concluded that there is a predetermined characteristic quantity of the gearbox geometry. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the stop is formed by a track wall, for example a shift track, where the shift finger here assumes a predetermined position, which associates an association characteristic, comprised from device, to the final driving position without force or to the driving rest position. The force-free final travel position or the travel rest position is in this case the position of the shift finger in which the gear is fully engaged, where the switching device is substantially voltage-free. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shift finger is compressed, over-compressed and again relieved additionally or alternatively in the end region of the shift track in the selection direction against the wall of the shift tracks, preferably it is relieved in a manner controlled, where the shift finger assumes a predetermined position, from which conclusions can be drawn about the rest position of travel according to a predetermined characteristic.

the shift finger moves to the predetermined position due to the unloading or the return (spring) force.

It is preferred that the gearbox motor or the exhaust selection motor be absolutely not powered. It is particularly preferred that the gearbox engine or the selection engine at the exhaust according to a predetermined characteristic is fed more weakly than in the case of compression against stop respectively than in the case of over-compression. It is particularly preferred that compression, over-compression and unloading are carried out by the device at predetermined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of predetermined circumstances. It is also preferred that a compression, over-compression and commanded unloading of the shift finger are performed respectively within the shifting tracks on two opposite walls, in order to be able to draw conclusions, from the established positions without force, on the width of the shifting track according to a predetermined characteristic.

It is particularly preferred that the stops - in the form in particular described above - are detected by monitoring predetermined characteristic quantities respectively of their trends, such as in particular the voltage of the selection motor and / or of the gearbox motor. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, on the basis of the force-free positions determined, respectively of the travel rest positions or of the positions that are established after unloading, a path detection device is controlled and the values of travel are adapted. matching position. In particular, a position established after unloading the change finger in the selection direction and / or in the change direction is used for the initialisation or compensation of an incremental path detection device.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an (incremental) path detection device at the unloading detects the change in position of the change finger.

the task is also solved by means of a switching device for operating a change device according to claim 50.

According to the invention, a switching device is provided with at least one gear coding device, which has an arrangement of selection-change tracks, within which a change finger can be moved with play relative to the longitudinal walls of the tracks. .

From this gear coding device, the currently engaged gear can be coded in particular in such a way that its identity can be called up regardless of the position of the shift finger, which the shift finger assumes upon recall within the arrangement of the tracks selection-exchange. Note that this does not necessarily preclude the movement of the shift finger from being followed during encoding or decoding by a path sensing device. According to the invention, however, it is also preferred that decoding is possible in particular without a path detection device detecting the movement of the shift finger during decoding.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the identity of an engaged gear can be determined, where the shift finger - in particular during decoding - remains in its final running position or in its rest position.

It is preferred that the shift finger for decoding the travel identity information is moved to its travel rest position according to a predetermined characteristic.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the decoding of the identity of the engaged gear is determined as a function of predetermined geometric characteristic values of the gearshift glyph or of the arrangement of gear selector tracks.

It is particularly preferred that the shift finger, upon engagement of a gear, is controlled in such a way that it is within the travel rest position or final travel position, which respectively has play in the selection direction and in the shift direction. , is positioned in predetermined position zones, where the position of these predetermined position zones within the final tide position according to a predetermined characteristic depends on the running identity of the gear engaged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the change finger for decoding is moved within the final travel position according to a predetermined characteristic, where the displacements - therefore in particular the possible travel paths - are detected in the selection direction and / or in the direction of exchange. With the help of a comparison between the displacements determined here with the predetermined characteristic, according to which the shift finger has been deposited in a predetermined zone, dependent on the driving state, at the engagement of the gear, the identity of the gear can be decoded. .

It is preferred that a path detection device follows the movement of the shift finger when determining the displacement of the shift finger in the travel rest position. Based on the measured values thus determined, in particular on the basis of the distances to the adjacent walls, conclusions can be drawn about the position of the shifter finger and the driving identity.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the driving identity can be determined independently by a path detection device operating during the decoding. In particular, the coding change finger is arranged on the walls of the change track according to a predetermined characteristic. Such a position is in particular the abutment against a longitudinal wall. A second position is in particular the abutment against a second longitudinal wall, opposite to this first longitudinal wall. A third position is in particular the abutment against a longitudinal wall and a transverse wall. A fourth position is in particular similarly the support against a longitudinal wall and a transverse wall, but in another corner. For decoding it is possible to check from time to time, according to a predetermined characteristic, whether or not there is a displacement in a predetermined direction. According to this characteristic, conclusions can be drawn about the gear stage engaged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the change tracks have different widths of the change tracks, so that based on the determination of the width of the change tracks it is possible to check which gear stage is inserted.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the region of the rest position of the gears is formed as a sort of rectangle, where the gear identity is coded due to the fact that the shift finger, upon engagement of the gear, is moved to one of the four corners of this rectangle substantially in the center between two corners on one side of this rectangle.

It should be noted that the final travel position can also be configured differently from a rectangle, where the concept of a differentiation in left, right, center, above, below for the positioning of the change finger for the coding of the information of the identity of gear is also transferable to differently executed travel end position zones.

The travel lengths towards the respective stops, which are formed by the walls of the tracks, make it possible to decode the travel identity information.

The invention is advantageous in that it makes it possible, without extracting the momentary gear, to determine the identity of the gear engaged, respectively to determine starting values for the incremental measurement of the gearbox and / or selection motor or to check for plausibility. the incremental path detection device.

In addition, compensation of the incremental distance measurement is possible in particular, which is particularly useful after the failure of a central control unit.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, from the gear coding device it is possible to decode the gear identity encoded as a function of characteristic values of geometry of the gearshift glyph or of the arrangement of the selection-gearshift tracks, as in particular the width of the shift tracks or the like.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the running identity can be determined by means of at least two different devices. In particular, the travel identity is determined on the one hand on the basis of the position values prepared by an incremental path detection device, corresponding to an association of a position travel identity characteristic, and on the other hand by a device gear coding in the form described above.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device for actuating a shifting device according to claim 62, which has a selection motor control device. The shift finger, which can be moved in a shift selector track arrangement, to the insertion and / or extraction of a gear according to a predetermined characteristic in the direction selection, so that in addition to a movement in the change direction it performs a superimposed movement in the selection direction. For this purpose, the shift finger has a play within the shift tracks in the selection direction, whereby the mobility of the shift finger in the selection direction is given.

The movement of the shift finger is followed by a path detection device, in particular an incremental path transducer, which follows the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction. If the trajectory or track of movement of the shift finger commanded by the predetermined characteristic in the selection direction does not coincide with the trajectory of movement detected by the path detection device, it can be concluded that there is an incorrect function of the selection motor and / or of your path detection device.

The invention is advantageous in that it makes it possible very early, without time-intensive routines, to recognize an erroneous function of the selection motor and / or its path detection device.

It is particularly preferred that a movement in the selection direction is superimposed already at a very early stage of withdrawal from the gear within the shifting track.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 63.

According to the invention, provision is made for a switching device for actuating a gearshift device to be equipped with a driving plausibility test device, from which test device can be checked whether a gear is engaged and / or which identity it has. the latter. The running plausibility test device determines this substantially independently of the elasticity of components of the switching device. In particular, the driving plausibility test device determines this independently of the elasticity of the components in the transmission path between a path detection device arranged in the actuation device and a shift fork.

The invention is particularly advantageous in that it eliminates the elasticity influence of components, which can distort the positions of the shift finger determined by a path detection device. Thus, according to the invention, there is no danger that in particular an elastic expansion in the aforementioned transmission path is indicated as a change in the path of the shift finger, corresponding to an expansion measurement detected by a path detection device, even if the change finger has absolutely not made this change of path.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the switch, the travel plausibility test device monitors on the one hand the deviation of the nominal-actual position of the shift finger - in particular in the selection direction - and on the other hand the power supply of the selection engine.

In this case, thanks to the power supply to the motor, a predetermined final running position is controlled. The position indicated in the path detection device in the selection direction is compared with the nominal position which the shift finger and / or the selection motor must assume in the travel rest position. If the actual position differs from the nominal position by less than a predetermined limit and the selection motor or the shift finger has reached the nominal position after a predetermined time, then it goes into the switch-off hysteresis, and / or after a predetermined time from the reaching the nominal position remains in the switch-off hysteresis for at least a predetermined time, the gear plausibility test device recognizes that the gear concerned is engaged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the predetermined limit is set to the value of the width of the tracks.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 66.

According to the invention, provision is made to provide a switching device with at least one travel plausibility examination device, from which the identity of a gear is recognized as being engaged, when the measured position data respectively the position values of the finger of gearbox or synchronizer sleeve correspond to those of the desired gear stage respectively engaged and the gear ratio determined with the help of gearshift shaft input speeds and wheel speeds or the like coincides with this gear. The association between this gear ratio and the engaged gear stage is preferably deposited in an association characteristic.

The object is further solved by means of a switching device with switching device according to claim 67.

According to the invention, provision is made for providing a switching device for actuating a gearshift device with at least one gear recognition device, from which a motor vehicle clutch can be fully engaged in a targeted and desired manner. After secured engagement of the motor vehicle clutch, the engaged gear ratio is determined as a function of the engine speed and the speed of a wheel of the motor vehicle in the adherent state of the clutch. This gear ratio is subsequently compared with the gear ratio, which, according to a predetermined association characteristic, is associated with the respective gears. If a coincidence of the gear ratios or a coincidence within a predetermined tolerance is found here, the corresponding gear stage is recognized as entered.

The invention is particularly advantageous in that with the help of the information thus obtained with regard to an engaged gear, it is possible to control and / or compensate a distance detection device, in particular an incremental distance transducer, which is arranged on the selection motor and / or on the gearbox motor. Thanks to the previously targeted and deliberate closing of the clutch, it is ensured that the gear ratio calculated on the basis of the speeds actually corresponds to the speed ratio of a gear stage. It is therefore specifically and intentionally prevented that as a result of a slipping of the clutch or the like, a gear ratio is calculated which does not correspond to the gear stage engaged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the shifting device with switching device is used in a motor vehicle which has a motor vehicle clutch with a hydraulic clutch release system. To ensure the accuracy of this clutch release system respectively for decoupling the necessary adjustment movements from external influences, such as temperature or the like, the clutch release system preferably has a volume compensation device, from which at predetermined distances and / or under predetermined circumstances the volume of the hydraulic fluid, which is in a predetermined path of the hydraulic system, can be adjusted to a predetermined volume. It is particularly preferred that the gear recognition device detects the engaged gear during such a volume compensation.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a movement in the gearbox or a movement of the gearshift finger is controlled by the gear recognition device during the detection of a gear. Thanks to this controlled movement, the shift finger is moved into the travel track, in which it is momentarily, up to the final position not facing the selection track. A new initialization of the distance measurement of an incremental distance detection device is carried out in this stop position.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the gear recognition device is activated when predetermined circumstances have been determined. In particular, the travel recognition device is activated when sensor problems have been determined.

The object is further solved by means of a control device for controlling a switching device and a switching device according to claim 70, from which the actuating device of the switching device, therefore in particular the selection motor and the gearbox engine. This control device is in particular electrical. It is preferred that the selection motor and / or the shift motor are powered by this control device with voltage and / or current according to a predetermined characteristic.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 71.

According to the invention, a method is provided for controlling a switching device, in which, starting from an unknown shift finger position according to a predetermined characteristic, predetermined characteristic geometry values and / or characteristic values of the shift geometry can be determined. predetermined and / or predetermined characteristic values of the arrangement of selection-change tracks.

According to the invention, it is provided, starting from this unknown position, to control the change finger in such a way that it is moved in the selection and / or change direction in order to determine the respective maximum possible travel paths. These travel paths are evaluated according to a predetermined characteristic, where a new position of the shift finger is subsequently determined and approached with the help of the evaluation results. Starting from this new position, the displacements in the change and / or selection direction are determined again before they are evaluated again and a new position is approached with the help of the evaluation results. The process is repeated until the predetermined characteristic values of the exchange are fully determined.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 72.

According to the invention, according to a predetermined characteristic, it is provided to approach a predetermined position within the arrangement of selection-change tracks. Preferably, starting from this predetermined position, the shift finger is moved according to a predetermined characteristic in such a way that predetermined characteristic values of the shift geometry can be determined.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, with the predetermined method it is possible to detect in particular the rest positions of travel and / or the synchronous positions and / or the track positions and / or the track widths.

It is particularly preferred that the end points of the displacements, therefore in particular the walls of the tracks and / or stops, are determined indirectly, at least temporarily and / or at least partially.

For this purpose, in particular predetermined operating values are monitored and on the basis of this time course according to a predetermined characteristic conclusions are drawn regarding stops, slope walls or the like.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 75.

The method for controlling a switching device for actuating a shifting device is carried out in such a way that, in particular starting from an unknown shift finger position within the selection track, the shift finger is actuated for moving the shift finger in the longitudinal direction of the selection track. The displacement length is in this case predetermined. Preferably the displacement length is predetermined such that the shift finger is moved in a predetermined orientation to the end of the selection track. The shift finger is then moved incrementally, in particular by one increment in the shift direction, with a predetermined orientation. It is also preferred that it previously with unchanged coordinate in the change direction is moved to the other end of the selection track. After the incremental shift in the shift direction, the shift finger is moved by a predetermined length in the selection direction, preferably along the entire length of the selection track. In this case, a path detection device is monitored which detects a shift of the shift finger in the shift direction. If this path detection device does not indicate any movement in the change direction when the change finger in the selection direction is operated, the change finger is subsequently moved incrementally again in the change direction, i.e. in the same orientation in which it it was already previously incrementally shifted in the direction of change. Subsequently, the shift finger is actuated again so that it performs a movement in the selection direction - along a predetermined length or along the entire length of the selection track. Here, a path detection device is monitored again, which detects the movement of the shift finger in the shift direction. If this path detection device has not indicated any path change during the movement in the selection direction, the change finger is moved again in the change direction with the same orientation. This command of the change finger in the selection direction with monitoring of the position of the change finger in the change direction, the next incremental shift with the corresponding equal orientation in the change direction as well as with a new back movement in the selection direction with position monitoring changeover, is extended until, when moving in the selection direction, the change finger is deflected in the change direction, or the change finger before reaching the predetermined length, i.e. in particular before it has covered the entire length of the track is locked in the direction of selection.

If such a deviation is established, it can be concluded that the switch finger has touched a wall, a stop or the like, and has been restrained or deflected by this. The position in the shift direction present in the case of this deviation, respectively the position in the shift direction, which was present before the last incremental shift, forms a limit of the position of the neutral position, which extends in the selection direction and is located on a first side of the center of the crazy track. Correspondingly, the wall of the selection track opposite this first limit or wall can be scanned, so that a second limit of the selection track is determined. These limits form the limits of the neutral position in the shift direction. It is also preferred that with the help of these limits the neutral position is determined by means of a predetermined characteristic, in particular by forming an average value of the coordinates of the limits in the direction of change.

This method for determining the neutral position can be used accordingly for determining the final travel positions. In this case, in particular, the change and selection direction, respectively, the change and selection paths are inverted with respect to the previous representation.

With the aid of this method, the position of the raceway walls and / or the contour of the surface of the raceway walls can also be determined in sections.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 82.

According to the invention, provision is made for transferring the shift finger to a predetermined absolute position in the selection direction and / or in the shift direction, where this absolute position command takes place independently of a position information on the starting position of the shift finger. gearbox respectively of the gearbox shaft. For this purpose it is provided to control predetermined movements of the change finger, where a sensor field is simultaneously analyzed, moved with this movement of the change finger - possibly corresponding to a predetermined transformation - of a sensor, in particular a digital sensor. This sensor field is executed in such a way that it is divided into different zones, at the transition of which the sensor registers such a transition. Depending on this sensor signal change, digital shift and / or as a function of the orientations in which the shift finger is moved or where the digital changes take place, i.e. in particular from digital value "0" to digital value "1" or vice versa, the position in which the change finger is momentarily is established. In this case, the sensor field is executed in such a way that with the help of the digital shifting respectively, taking into account the direction of the digital shifting and / or the direction and / or orientation, in which the shift finger is moved on the occurrence of a digital shift, a selection and / or change position of the shift finger can be uniquely revealed. This absolute position is determined in this case in particular by the fact that it is uniquely defined with respect to the arrangement of selection - change tracks. In particular, it is a predetermined position, which is fixedly connected with the bottom of the selection-shifting track arrangement.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an (incremental) path detection device for detecting the path in the change direction and / or in the selection direction, is respectively set at a predetermined value, when a absolute position in the selection direction and / or in the shift direction respectively when it has been detected that the shift finger assumes this position.

It is particularly preferred that an absolute position of the change finger in the selection direction and in the change direction is approached in each case separately.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 85.

A method according to the invention provides for the execution and / or control of an idle reference gear under predetermined circumstances.

The neutral reference gear has analysis processes as well as compression processes.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an analysis in the change direction is carried out only in connection with a compression in the selection direction.

In the case of a preferred method according to the invention, an idle reference gear is started only when predetermined circumstances are detected. In particular, an idle reference gear is started when it is established that the displacements of the shift finger, associated with a predetermined position according to a predetermined characteristic, do not coincide with the actual displacements. By displacement it is to be understood in the sense of this application that the change finger, starting from this position, can be moved in predetermined directions, such as in particular a selection direction and / or in the change direction, of a predetermined length, with a predetermined orientation, without hitting a stop such as in particular a track wall.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 96.

According to the invention, the shift finger of a switching device, a finger which is movably arranged in a selection-shift track arrangement, is displaced in the direction of a track wall, respectively, is displaced against this track wall and 11 compr-SO.

it should be noted that in the sense of this invention the over-compression is preferably performed in a controlled manner with a predetermined force.

as a result of the over-compression certain components are deformed in an elastic way, such as the shift finger in particular. Note that this elastically deformed state, respectively the fact that a corresponding return force acts, is also referred to in this application as elasticity under load, while the relative unstressed rest position associated respectively with the lack of force of the component is referred to as unloaded elasticity.

The exchange finger is then discharged. This drain specifically be a zero drain. It is also preferred that the force with which the change finger has been pushed against the wall is reduced, i.e. in such a way that the force caused by the forces due to the elasticity of the change finger or the like is greater than the force, with where the change finger is still being solicited. The shift finger accordingly moves in the direction of the tracks, then away from the track wall back inward. In this case the (elastic) return forces are disposed of, and the shift finger assumes a predetermined and / or already known position within the arrangement of tracks with respect to the stop, against which it has been over-compressed. During this return movement, the change in position of the shift finger is preferably monitored. It is also preferred that the change in position of the shift finger is previously monitored continuously, which can be done in particular by means of a path detection device. The final value that this path detection device assumes, when the shift finger has reached its position discharges respectively this position, is a characteristic position. This characteristic position is in particular stored, so that at least its coordinates are already known in the direction perpendicular to the track wall. Furthermore, from this position according to a predetermined characteristic in the selection direction and / or in the change direction it is possible to conclude on the travel rest position.

This open travel rest position is subsequently compared with the stored travel rest position. If deviations exist, which are greater than a predetermined deviation, the stored travel rest position and / or the path detection device respectively its values are adapted.

It is also preferred that the value indicated by the path detection device is compared with the coordinates respectively with a coordinate perpendicular to the wall, against which the change finger has been over-compressed, where in case of deviations which are greater than a predetermined deviation, the value indicated by the path sensing device is adapted and / or a predetermined examination routine is initiated.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 98.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 99.

According to the invention, a method is provided by which a switching device for actuating a switching device can be controlled. The switching device has an arrangement of selection-shifting tracks in which a shifting finger is movable. From the method according to the invention it is possible to determine the predetermined track width of this arrangement of selector-change tracks.

The shift finger, according to a predetermined characteristic, is urged respectively commanded within the track, such as the selection track or the shift track, in a transverse direction and therefore towards a longitudinal wall. After reaching the wall, the shift finger is over-compressed against this wall according to a predetermined characteristic, so that elastic deformations are caused on the shift finger and / or the shift shaft and / or another component. Subsequently, the change finger is unloaded according to a predetermined characteristic, so that the change finger as a consequence of these deformations which unload, therefore as a result of the return forces, moves towards the tracks and assumes a rest position.

In particular, it is preferred that the discharge of the change finger be such that the force driving the change finger is set to zero. It is particularly preferred that the force which urges the change finger upon unloading is reduced according to a predetermined characteristic.

The approach to a track wall, the over-compression of the shift finger and the subsequent unloading with respect to the opposite track wall are then repeated, so that here too a characteristic, unloaded rest position is determined. The width of the tracks is then determined on the basis of these characteristic positions.

For this purpose in particular the relative position of the characteristic positions of the unloading change finger with respect to the resting walls is deposited in an association characteristic.

Preferably, the stop of the change finger against the outer wall is recognized by an indirect method. For this purpose, the shift motor or the selection motor in particular are monitored and the stop is detected with the aid of their path detection device. It is also preferred that the arrest be registered by means of a force measure. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, by monitoring the armature current of the selection motor and / or the shift motor or the voltage or other predetermined operating quantity, according to a predetermined evaluation characteristic, the gear lever stop against the track wall. Other methods, such as in particular those already mentioned above, are also preferred for detecting the arrest.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an unloaded position, therefore a position that the change finger assumes after the over-compression and subsequent unloading, is used for the compensation of a predetermined, memorized position. In particular, it is preferred that a memorized position of travel rest adapts the travel rest positions determined in the manner already described above by over-compressing the shift finger.

It is also preferred that another operating characteristic variable, such as in particular a stored track width, be adapted accordingly.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 102.

According to the invention, a method is provided for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has an arrangement of selector-shifting tracks, within which a shifting finger is movable. In this case, at least in its final travel position or rest position of travel, the shift finger has a play with respect to the walls of the respective shift tracks. This clearance is preferably given in the width of the shift tracks, particularly preferably also in the shift direction. According to the invention, it is envisaged that the identity of a driving stage inserted at the insertion of this driving stage is coded according to a predetermined characteristic. It is particularly preferred that for coding the shift finger is moved to a predetermined position zone within the clearance zone of the final travel position. This position zone is associated, according to a predetermined association characteristic, to the identity of the gear engaged. At a later time then the gear identity information can be decoded.

According to the invention, in particular, it is not harmful when the position information is lost between coding and decoding, in particular of an incremental path detection device. According to the invention, it is provided that the engaged gear stage remains maintained during decoding, so that the shift finger is substantially not moved out of its final gear stage or from the rest position of gear.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the shift finger for decoding is displaced in the direction of the shift tracks and / or in the direction of the selection track within the final gear stage or in the travel rest position, where preferably walls or limitations of the travel rest position respectively of the respective shift track are approached, so that in particular the engaged gear is determined by means of the travel length or the distance from a wall.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 104.

According to the invention, it is provided that a shift finger, which is arranged and is movable in an arrangement of selector-shift tracks, has a clearance within at least one shift track with respect to the walls of this shift track in the selection direction. . For the detection of an operating disturbance of the selection motor and / or its path detection device, the shift finger is controlled so that it within a shift track is moved according to a predetermined characteristic, under predetermined circumstances and / or at predetermined instants, in the direction of selection. It is particularly preferred that this movement is carried out in the direction of selection - preferably always - when extracting a gear.

During a movement within the shift tracks in the selection direction, i.e. in the clearance area, this movement is followed by a path detection device.

This path change determined in the selection direction is subsequently compared with the control characteristic values for controlling the shift finger in the selection direction. If this comparison results in the path sensing device not indicating the path changes in the selection direction as they should have been indicated according to the command, it is subsequently determined that the path sensing device of the selection engine and / or the The selection engine itself has an impairment of operation. In particular, the value indicated by the path detection device can then be adapted.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 106.

From the method according to the invention it is possible to check the identity of an engaged gear. The method according to the invention further or alternatively makes it possible to check a present gear identity information with regard to its correctness.

According to the invention it is provided to cause a signal which ensures that the starting clutch of a motor vehicle is in a state of adhesion. For this purpose, provision is made in particular for controlling the starting clutch in a targeted manner so that it is in an engaged, adherent state. The identity of the engaged gear is then determined as a function of the speeds given on different sides of the starter clutch, i.e. in particular the engine speed and a number of wheel revolutions. Depending on a predetermined characteristic, it is determined which gear stage is engaged with these speeds or these speed ratios.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a method according to the invention is started when predetermined circumstances are detected, such as in particular sensor problems, contradictory position data or the like. This is especially the case when a stop is detected, which should not occur at this point according to the detected position data.

Preferably, the method according to the invention is used in a motor vehicle with a clutch device which can be operated by a hydraulic release system. This release system

has a volume compensation device, where the method according to the invention is performed at least temporarily when a volume compensation process is performed.

Particularly preferably this method according to the invention is used for the adaptation of a position and / or travel identity information, which is determined as a function of a path detection device operating together with the movement of the shift finger.

Preferably, the change finger is moved in the change direction up to the end stop not facing the selection tracks. In particular, this ensures that a gear stage is switched on. In addition, the end stop can be used for the new initialisation of the distance measurement or of the distance detection device.

The object is further solved by a method according to claim 111.

According to the invention, a method is provided for controlling a switching device, by means of which the identity of an engaged gear stage can be determined and / or which is suitable for controlling information regarding a gear stage. inserted.

According to the invention, provision is made for the shift finger to be moved in the direction of a predetermined final travel position. In this case, a nominal position is predetermined. During the insertion of a gear stage, an actual position of the shift finger of the selection motor or of the shift motor respectively is detected. Due to elasticity in the transition path it can occur that the actual position of the shift finger does not coincide with the determined actual position of the path detection device. The deviation of the setpoint-actual value of the position is determined, wherein the supply to the selection motor is also monitored. The commanded gear identity or the triggered gear identity respectively associated by a position association characteristic is recognized as switched on when the following conditions are met in particular: on the one hand, the setpoint-actual value deviation of the position is less than a predetermined limit; on the other hand, the nominal position in the selection direction is reached within a first predetermined time interval and / or the selection motor after reaching the nominal position is in a switch-off hysteresis for at least a predetermined duration of time.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in this case the predetermined limit substantially corresponds to the width of the shifting track, which is associated with the gear stage to be engaged.

Basically in known arrangements, as a consequence of elasticity of components, cases may arise in which the path detection device indicates a position of the shift finger which is outside the shift track, in which the shift finger is momentarily located. . In the extreme case, in particular, it may occur that the path detection device causes a position of the shift finger which corresponds to another shift track in which the shift finger is actually located. The invention makes it possible to avoid these disadvantages.

The patent claims filed with the application are proposed formulations without prejudice to obtain further patent protection. The Applicant reserves the right to claim further characteristics, disclosed so far only in the description and / or in the drawings.

The references used in the sub-claims refer to a further embodiment of the subject matter of the main claim by means of the characteristics of the respective sub-claim; they are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining autonomous objective protection for the characteristics of the sub-claims containing the references.

However, the objects of these sub-claims also form autonomous inventions, which have a configuration independent of the objects of the previous sub-claims.

Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments of the description. On the other hand, numerous variations and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, in particular variations, elements and combinations and / or materials, which are inventive in particular by combining or modifying individual characteristics or elements or process steps, described in connection with the general description and embodiments, as well as claims, and contained in the drawings. and by means of combinable characteristics they lead to a new object or new process steps or sequences of process steps, including with regard to manufacturing, testing and working processes.

It is noted that the interaction of the individual characteristics according to the invention is preferred in any combination. In particular, the combinations of characteristics described by the independent claims, leaving out one or more characteristics, are preferred from time to time. The methods according to the invention are also preferred in combination.

It should also be noted that the executions of all known provisions, which do not refer to specific publications, are known in the first line to the applicant or to the inventor, so that the inventor reserves protection for these, if they are not also known to the public.

Note that in the case of combinations of characteristics by means of "or", this "or" is to be understood respectively on the one hand "or" mathematically and on the other hand as "or" excluding the respective other possibility.

It is also pointed out that the concept of control as well as concepts derived therefrom in the sense of the invention are to be understood in a broad sense. It includes in particular a regulation and / or control in the sense of the DIN standards.

For the skilled person it is evident that in addition to the embodiments of the invention represented here, a plurality of further modifications and embodiments, which are included in the invention, are conceivable. The invention in particular is not limited only to the embodiments represented here.

The invention is illustrated in more detail below with the help of exemplary, non-limiting examples of execution.

In this case:

Figure 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 8 shows an eighth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 9 shows a ninth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 10 shows a tenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 11 shows an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 12 shows a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 13 shows a thirteenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented; Figure 14 shows a fourteenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented;

Figure 15 shows a fifteenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented; and Figure 16 shows a sixteenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in partial view schematically represented.

Figure 1 schematically shows a vehicle 1 with a drive unit 2, such as an engine or a heat engine. In addition, a torque transmission system 3 and a gearbox 4 are shown in the drive chain of the vehicle. In this embodiment, the torque transmission system 3 is arranged in the force flow between engine and gearbox, where a Drive of the engine is transmitted via the torque transmission system to the gearbox and from the gearbox 4 on the drive side to a drive shaft 5 and to an axis 6 arranged downstream as well as to the wheels 6a.

Preferably, a motor vehicle according to Figure 1 has a change device according to the invention or a control device according to the invention, in particular according to at least one of the claims.

It is also preferred that a method according to the invention, in particular a method according to the invention according to at least one claim, can be carried out in a motor vehicle 1.

The torque transmission system 3 is configured as a clutch, such as friction clutch, multi-plate clutch, magnetic powder clutch or converter overrun clutch, where the clutch can be a self-adjusting clutch or a wear compensating clutch. Gearbox 4 is represented as a manual gearbox, as a gearbox. Preferably, the gearbox is implemented as an automated gearbox which can be operated in an automated manner by means of at least one drive device. An automated gearbox is also to be understood as an automated gearbox, which is actuated with an interruption of the tractive force, and the process of changing the gear ratio is carried out in a controlled manner by means of at least one drive device.

Furthermore, an automatic gearbox can also be used, where an automatic gearbox is a substantially uninterrupted gearbox of the tractive force during the gearbox processes, and usually consists of planetary stages.

In addition, a continuously adjustable gearbox, such as in particular a winding gearbox of stepped pulleys, can be employed. The automatic gearbox can also be performed with a torque transmission system 3 arranged on the side of the power take-off, such as a clutch or friction clutch. The torque transmission system can also be designed as a starting clutch and / or as a reversing clutch for reversing the direction of rotation and / or safety clutch with a specifically controllable transmissible torque. The torque transmission system can be a dry friction clutch or a wet friction clutch, which rotates in particular in a fluid. Similarly it can be a torque converter.

The torque transmission system 3 has a drive side 7 and a drive side 8, where a torque is transmitted from the drive side 7 to the drive side 8 as the clutch disc 3a is stressed. by means of the thrust plate 3b, the Belleville spring 3c and the release bearing 3e, as well as the flywheel 3d. For this stress the release lever 20 is operated by means of an actuating device, such as an actuator.

The control of the torque transmission system 3 takes place by means of a control unit 13, such as a control apparatus, which can comprise the control electronics 13a and the actuator 13b. In another advantageous embodiment, the actuator and the control electronics can also be arranged in two different construction units, as bodies.

The control unit 13 can contain the control and power electronics for controlling the electric motor 12 of the actuator 13b. With this, it can be advantageously achieved in particular that the system requires as the only mounting space the mounting space for the actuator with electronics. The actuator consists of a drive motor 12, such as an electric motor, where the electric motor 12 acts on a hydraulic pump 11 through a transmission, such as auger drive or front gear drive or crank drive or lead screw drive . This effect on the hydraulic pump can occur directly or via a linkage.

the movement of the actuator output piece, such as the plunger of the hydraulic pump 11a, is detected with a clutch path sensor 14, which detects the position or speed or acceleration of a quantity, which is proportional to the position respectively engagement position respectively speed or acceleration of the clutch. The hydraulic pump 11 is connected via a pressurized medium line 9, such as a hydraulic line, with the receiving cylinder 10. The outlet member 10a of the receiving cylinder is operatively connected with the release lever or release means 20, thus that a movement of the output piece 10a of the receiving cylinder 10 causes the disengagement means 20 to also be moved or overturned, to control the torque transmissible by the clutch 3.

The actuator 13b for controlling the transmissible torque of the torque transmission system 3 can be operated by a means under pressure, ie it can be equipped with a hydraulic pump for the pressurized medium and with a receiving cylinder. The pressurized medium can in particular be a hydraulic fluid or a pneumatic medium. The actuation of the hydraulic pump of the pressurized medium can be provided by an electric motor, where the electric motor 12 can be electronically controlled. The actuation element of the actuator 13b can be, in addition to an electric motor actuation element, also another actuation element, in particular actuated by means under pressure. In addition, magnetic actuators can be used to adjust the position of an element.

In the case of a friction clutch, the transmissible torque is controlled by the fact that the compression of the friction linings of the clutch disc between the flywheel 3d and the thrust plate 3b takes place in a targeted manner. By means of the position of the release means 20, such as the release fork or the central release mechanism, a forceful application of the thrust plate or of the friction linings can be specifically controlled, where the thrust plate can in this case be moved between two release positions. ends and can be adjusted and fixed as desired. The first end position corresponds to a fully engaged clutch position and the other end position corresponds to a fully disengaged clutch position. In order to control a transmissible torque, which is in particular less than the moment of the motor temporarily present, a position of the thrust plate 3b, which is located in an intermediate region between the two end positions, can be controlled in particular. The clutch can be fixed in this position by means of the targeted control of the release means 20. However, other transmissible clutch moments, which are definitely above the temporarily present engine moments, can also be controlled. In such a case the currently present motor moments can be transmitted, where the torque unevenness in the drive chain in the form in particular of torque peaks are damped and / or isolated.

In addition, sensors are used to control the torque transmission system as control or control, which at least temporarily monitor the relevant variables of the entire system and supply the status variables, signals and measured values required for control. which are processed by the control unit, where a signal connection with other electronic units can be provided and may exist, such as in particular with an engine electronics or an anti-lock brake system electronics (ABS) or an anti-skid regulation (ASR) . In particular, the sensors detect rpm, such as wheel speeds, engine speeds, the position of the load lever, the position of the throttle valve, the gear position of the gearbox, an intention to change and further specific characteristics of the vehicle.

Figure 1 shows that a throttle valve sensor 15, an engine speed sensor 16 and a speedometer sensor 17 are used, which pass measured values or information to the control unit. An electronic unit, such as a computer unit, of the control unit 13 processes the input quantities of the system and passes control signals to the actuator 13b.

The gearbox is performed as a gear shift, where the gear ratios are changed by means of a gear lever or the gearbox is operated or served by means of this shift lever. Furthermore, at least one sensor 19b is arranged on the actuation unit, such as the gear lever 18, of the manual gearbox, which detects the intention to change and / or the gear position and passes it to the control apparatus. The sensor 19a is articulated to the gearbox and detects the momentary gear position and / or a gearshift intention. The recognition of the shift intention using at least one of the two sensors 19a, 19b can occur due to the fact that the sensor is a force sensor, which detects the force acting on the shift lever. Furthermore, the sensor can also be implemented as a distance or position sensor, where the control unit recognizes an intention to change from the variation in time of the position signal.

The control unit is in signal connection at least temporarily with all sensors and evaluates the sensor signals and the system input variables so that the control unit outputs to the at least an actuator command or adjustment instructions. The actuation element 12 of the actuator, as an electric motor, receives from the control unit, which controls the actuation of the clutch, an actuating variable as a function of measured values and / or input variables of the system and / or signals from the connected sensors. For this purpose, a control program is implemented in the control unit as hardware and / or as software, which evaluates the input signals and with the aid of comparisons and / or functions and / or characteristic changes, calculates or determines the output quantities.

The control unit 13 has advantageously implemented a torque determination unit, a travel position determination unit, a slip determination unit and / or an operating state determination unit, or is connected signal with at least one of these units. These units can be implemented via control programs such as hardware and / or software, so that the torque of the vehicle drive unit 1, the gear position of the gearbox 4, as well as the torque can be determined by means of the input signals of the sensors. the slippage that prevails in the area of the torque transmission system, and the momentary operating state of the vehicle. The unit for determining the running position determines, on the basis of the signals of the sensors 19a and 19b, it determines the gear currently engaged. In this case, the sensors are articulated to the gear lever and / or to adjustment means internal to the gearbox, such as in particular a central gearbox shaft and a gearbox bar, and these detect in particular the position and / or speed of these components. . Furthermore, a sensor of the loading lever 31, such as a gas pedal, which detects the position of the loading lever, can be arranged on the loading lever 30. A further sensor 32 can act as a neutral switch, i.e. with the gas pedal activated, as a load lever, this neutral switch 32 is switched on and in the event of a signal not activated, it is switched off, so that by means of this digital information it can be recognized if the loading lever is operated, such as the gas pedal. The load lever sensor 31 detects the degree of actuation of the load lever.

Figure 1, in addition to the gas pedal 30, as a load lever, and the sensors in connection with it, shows a brake actuating element 40 for actuating the service brake or the parking brake, as a brake pedal, handbrake lever or manually operated or pedal operated actuation element of the parking brake. At least one sensor 41 is arranged on the actuating element 40 and monitors its actuation. The sensor 41 is designed in particular as a digital sensor, as a switch, where it detects whether the actuating element is operated or not. A signaling device, such as a brake light, which signals that the brake is applied, can be signaled with this sensor. This can be done for both the service brake and the parking brake. However, the sensor can also be implemented as an analog sensor, where such a sensor, such as in particular a potentiometer, determines the degree of actuation of the actuating element. This sensor can also be in signal connection with a signaling device.

Figure 2 schematically shows a drive chain of a vehicle with a drive unit 100, a torque transmission system 102, a gearbox 103, a differential 104, as well as drive axles 109 and wheels 106. The transmission system of torque 102 is arranged or fixed on or to a flywheel 102a, where the flywheel usually carries a starting crown 102b. The torque transmission system has a thrust plate 102d, a clutch cover 102e, a disc spring 102f and a clutch disc 102c with friction linings. Between the clutch disc 102d and the flywheel 102a there is the clutch disc 102c possibly with a damping device. A force accumulator, such as disc spring 102f, urges the thrust plate in the axial direction towards the clutch disc, where a release bearing 109 is provided, such as in particular a central disconnector actuated by means under pressure, for the actuation of the torque transmission system. A release bearing 110 is arranged between the central release and the tongues of the disc spring 102f. By axial displacement of the release bearing, the disc spring is energized and disengages the clutch. The clutch can also be performed as a push or pull clutch.

The actuator 108 is an actuator of an automated gearbox, which similarly contains the drive unit for the torque transmission system. The actuator 108 actuates switching elements inside the gearbox, such as in particular a shift cylinder or shift rods or a central gearbox drive shaft, where thanks to the actuation the gears can be engaged or extracted in succession, in particular sequential or even any succession. The clutch actuation element 109 is actuated via connection 111. The control unit 107 is connected to the actuator via the signal connection 112, where the signal connections 113 to 115 are connected to the unit where the conductor 114 processes input signals, the conductor 113 processes control signals coming from the control unit and the connection 115 in particular by means of a data bus makes a connection with other electronic units.

For starting or moving off the vehicle substantially from a standstill or from a slow rolling movement, such as a slow forward movement, i.e. for the acceleration of the vehicle initiated in a targeted manner by the driver, the driver essentially actuates only the gas pedal, such as the load lever 30, where the automated clutch actuation commanded or adjusted by means of the actuator controls the transmissible torque of the torque transmission system in the case of a starting process. Thanks to the actuation of the loading lever, the driver's desire to have a more or less intense or rapid starting process is detected by means of the load lever sensor 31, which is subsequently controlled correspondingly by the control unit. The gas pedal and the signals from the gas pedal sensors are considered as input quantities for controlling the starting process of the vehicle.

In the case of a starting process, during starting the transmissible torque, such as the clutch moment <Μ>] ς30υ / is determined substantially by means of a predeterminable function or with. the aid of characteristic curves or characteristic ranges in particular as a function of the engine speed, where the dependence on the engine speed or other quantities, such as the engine moment, is advantageously realized by means of a characteristic range or a characteristic curve.

If during a starting process, substantially from standstill or from a state of slow travel, the load lever or the gas pedal is actuated at a reduced speed at a determined value a, then by means of an engine control 40 a engine moment. The control unit of the automated clutch drive 13 controls the transmissible torque of the torque transmission system in accordance with predeterminable functions or characteristic ranges, so that a state of static equilibrium is established between the moment of the driven motor and the time of friction. The state of equilibrium is characterized as a function of the position a of the load lever by a defined number of starting revolutions, a starting or engine moment, as well as a defined transmissible torque of the torque transmission system, and a torque to be transmitted to the drive wheels, such as in particular the drive moment. The functional relationship of the starting torque as a function of the starting speed is shown below as the starting characteristic curve. The position a of the load lever is proportional to the position of the engine throttle valve.

Figure 2 shows in addition to the gas pedal 122, as a load lever, and a sensor 123 in connection therewith, a brake actuating element 120 for actuating the service brake or the parking brake, as a brake pedal. brake, handbrake lever or hand or foot operated actuation element of the parking brake. At least one sensor 121 is arranged on the actuating element 120 and monitors its actuation. The sensor 121 is implemented in particular as a digital sensor, as a switch, where it detects whether the actuating element is operated or not. A signaling device, such as a brake light, which signals that the brake is applied, can be signaled with this sensor. This can be done for both the service brake and the parking brake. However, the sensor can also be designed as an analog sensor, where such a sensor, such as in particular a potentiometer, determines the degree of actuation of the actuating element. This sensor can also be in signal connection with a signaling device.

Figure 3 shows in particular an arrangement of shift selector tracks comprised in a switching device of a shift device, an arrangement which has shift tracks 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 as well as a selector track 322 Furthermore, Figure 3 shows in particular a model projected in this arrangement of selection-change tracks, which has a first zone 324 as well as a second zone 326. In this case, a first digital signal of the range is associated with the first zone 324. sensors, while a second digital signal of the sensor field is associated with the second zone 326.

A shift finger, not shown, which is displaced in particular from position 328 in the direction represented by the arrow 330, towards the track wall 332, is controlled in such a way that it impacts against this track wall, which is detected according to a characteristic predetermined, such as in particular by monitoring a characteristic quantity or its time course, such as in particular the motor voltage or the motor current. After the detection of this impact against the track wall 332, the shift finger is moved back in the direction of the arrow 334 and in the direction of the selection track 322. At the point 336 the shift finger, which has meanwhile moved to a second zone, impacts on a first zone 324 of the model. The digital shifting connected thereby makes it possible to detect or establish an absolute position in the shift direction. This absolute position can be used for compensation in particular of an incremental path detection device. Subsequently, the shift finger is moved in the direction of the arrow 338, where at the point respectively in the position of the shift finger 340 there is again a boundary between the second zone 326 and the first zone 324, which is registered by the sensor device not shown, which picks up the sensor field, as a digital gearbox. This digital change makes it possible to recognize an absolute position in the selection direction.

In this exemplary representation of a shift finger command within three shifting processes, both an absolute position in the shift direction and an absolute position in the selection direction have been detected, both of which can be used for compensation of a detection device. of route.

Note that the position of the shift finger in position 328 according to the invention may be unknown. If the shift finger had been in another position which is also unknown, such as in particular the position of the shift finger 342, then the absolute position in the shift direction and in the selection direction would have already been established after two switching processes. shift. It should be noted that preferably the direction of movement in the direction of the arrow 338 in such a case would have been performed with mirror symmetry with respect to the axis of the selection tracks.

Figure 4 shows a fourth exemplary representation of the invention in schematic view, partially in section.

In particular, figure 4 similarly represents an arrangement of selection-change tracks with change tracks 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 as well as with a selection track 322.

Within this arrangement of selection-change tracks a model projected according to a sensor field is represented, which has first zones 350, 352, 354, 356 as well as second zones 358, 360, 362, 364, 366.

A first digital signal is associated with the first zones 350, 352, 354, 356, while a second digital signal is associated with the second zones of the model 358, 360, 362, 364, 366. Upon displacement of the second zone 366 into the first zone 350 or vice versa, a digital shift can be established along the nip 368, which can be used for compensation of the position of the shift tracks. Correspondingly, an absolute position in the change direction can also be established along the nip 370 between the first zone 350 and the second zone 364 respectively along the nip 372 between the first zone 354 and the second zone 362 respectively along the contact line 374 between the second zone 362 and the first zone 352 respectively along the contact line 376 between the second zone 360 and the first zone 356 respectively along the contact line 378 between the first zone 356 and the second zone 358. Yes Note that in particular, travel movements in both orientations of the change direction are considered as travel motions. The direction and orientation of movement is taken into account in particular when determining the absolute position.

In the selection position, an absolute position can be established in particular along the contact lines 380, 382, 384, 386, 388, 390, therefore along the transitions between the second zone 366 and the first zone 354 respectively the first zone 350 and the second zone 362 respectively the second zone 364 and the first zone 352 respectively the transition between the first zone 354 and the second zone 360 respectively the transition between the second zone 362 and the first zone 356 respectively the transition between the first zone 352 and the second zone 358.

Here, too, travel directions are considered in particular in the direction of the selection track 322. It is also preferred that the movement movements in the selection direction are carried out at a relatively small angle to the selection direction.

Figure 5 shows a fifth exemplary representation of the invention in schematic view, partially in section.

In particular, figure 5 shows an arrangement of selection-change tracks with a digital model projected therein. The first zone 400, 402, 404, 406 is here substantially cross-shaped, where the overlapping zone of the intersecting partial zones is formed as a second zone 408. The first zone 402 respectively 404 extends into the change track 310 respectively 312 , so that here it interrupts the first zone 410, 412 respectively, the first zone 414, 416, respectively borders on each time with this.

Figure 6 shows a sixth exemplary representation of the invention in schematic view, partially in section.

In particular, figure 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a model projected in an arrangement of selection-change tracks.

This model, which corresponds to the transformation of a digital signal field, has a first zone 430, 432, to which a first digital signal is associated, as well as a second zone 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, 446, a which is associated with a second digital signal, different from the first digital signal.

The first zone 430, 432 extends substantially in the longitudinal direction of the selection track 322, where it is interrupted at a point, here placed in the selection direction between two change tracks, by a second zone 438.

in the selection direction the first zone extends along the entire width of the selection track 22 and furthermore in the change tracks 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320.

On the passage from the first zone 430 into the second zone 438 or vice versa, respectively, on the passage of the first zone 432 into the second zone 438 or vice versa, on the basis of the subsequent digital change, an absolute position can be determined in the selection direction.

Corresponding to the passage from the second zone 440 respectively 442, respectively 444, respectively 446 in the first zone 430 or vice versa, an absolute position in the change direction can be similarly determined as with the passage from the second zone 434, respectively 436 in the first zone 432 or vice versa.

Figure 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in schematic view, partially in section.

Figure 7 shows in particular an exemplary model, projected in the arrangement of selection-change tracks, which corresponds to a field of digital signals.

The digital signal field is arranged in particular on the gearbox shaft, not shown.

The first zone, respectively its partial zones 450, 452, 454, represents a first digital signal, to which a sensor device reacts, when the signal field is scanned respectively when the finger not represented is in this zone.

Correspondingly, from the partial zones of the second zone 456, 458, 460, 462, 464 a second digital signal is generated, different from the first, when the sensor device not shown analyzes the signal field in the zones corresponding to these zones, respectively when the exchange is located in these areas.

The first zone 450, 452, 454 is constituted by a partial zone 450, which is oriented in the selection direction, and by a partial zone 452, 454, which is oriented in the change direction, where the overlapping zone of these partial zones 450, 452, 454 represents a second zone 464.

Apart from the fact that the overlapping zone of the partial zones 450, 452, 454 of the first zone is made as the second zone 464, in this exemplary embodiment of the model the first zone is configured in the shape of a T.

When the change finger, not shown, reaches, respectively, passes the contact lines 464, 468, 470, 472, 474, 476, respectively when the sensor device not shown causes a digital change when it is removed from the sensor field, in particular taking into account the direction of displacement of the shift finger and / or its orientation, an absolute position in the shift direction can be determined.

Corresponding to the displacement in the selection direction on nip 478 or by the digital gear connected thereto, an absolute position in the selection direction can be determined.

Figure 8 shows in particular an arrangement of selection-change tracks, in which a pattern corresponding to a field of digital sensors is projected.

This model has a first zone 490, 492, 494, 496, which is substantially made in the shape of a cross and is arranged in the selection direction, as well as in the change direction and to which a first digital signal is associated.

Correspondingly, the model has a second zone 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, to which a second digital signal is associated.

The overlapping zone of the first zone 490, 492, 494, 496, executed in the shape of a cross, is executed as the second zone 502.

The partial zones 492, 494, extending in the shift direction, of the first zone are arranged in such a way that they extend respectively into two shift tracks 310, 314 respectively 312, 316 disposed one next to the other. In this case, however, they cover only a partial area of these tracks 310, 312, 314, 316, while another partial area is covered by a second area 498, 500, 504, 506.

Along the nipes 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518 in the case of a displacement movement, which has at least one component in the shift direction, a digital shift is determined. When determining this digital shift, in particular taking into account the orientation and direction of the traversing movement, an absolute position of the shift finger in the shift direction can be determined.

Correspondingly, an absolute position in the selection direction can be determined along the contact lines 520, 522, 524, 526, 528, 530.

Figure 9 shows in particular a gearbox shaft 540 in partial view with a first recess 542 and a second recess 544. The depth of the first recess 542 is less than the depth of the second recess 544, so that these recesses 542, 544 have potential different from the central axis 546 of the gear shaft 540. In the axial direction of the gear shaft 540, between the recesses 542 and 544 there is an area 548, which has a third potential with respect to the central axis 546 and corresponds for the remainder to the "normal" outer circumference of the gear shaft 540.

Upon displacement of the gearbox shaft 540 in the axial direction for the actuation of a gearshift device not shown, the fixedly arranged sensor device 550 analyzes the outer surface of the gearbox shaft 540 and rests in predetermined gearbox positions in the area 548 respectively in the zone 542 respectively in the zone 544. Depending on the penetration depth connected therewith, the positions of the gearbox, which are given, when the sensor device 550 is arranged in the recess 542 or in the recess 544, can be differentiated from other positions of the exchange.

In this case, the first recess 542 corresponds in particular to the "neutral position" gearbox position, while the gearshift position in which the sensor device 550 is placed in the second recess 544 corresponds in particular to the "reverse" gearbox position.

Figure 10 shows in particular a gearbox shaft 540 which has a profile. The profile of the gear shaft 540 has surface elevations 560, 562 as well as surface recesses 564, 566, 568.

The gearbox shaft is axially displaceable for actuation of the gearbox not shown in the direction of the double arrow 570, and in the direction of the double arrow 572 it is rotatably movable or rotatable about the central axis of the shaft of the exchange.

The retainer 576, supported in the gearbox 574 has a spring-loaded ball 578, which rests on the surface profile of the gearbox shaft 540. In the event of a movement of the gearbox shaft 540, the ball 578 migrates therefore on the surface profiling of the gearbox shaft 540. In this case, due to the profiling, the ball performs a translational movement in the direction of the axis of the stop.

In the gearshift positions, where the ball 578 is placed in the surface recesses 564, 566, 568 of the gearshift shaft, the gearshift device is in predetermined shift positions, respectively, a shift finger not shown is in predetermined positions within an arrangement of selection-change tracks.

In particular, three surface recesses 564 are arranged along the outer circumference of the gearbox shaft at the same axial position, where the gearbox device is in the end positions of the first respectively of the third respectively of the fifth gear when the ball 378 is placed in the recesses superficial 564.

Correspondingly, the gearbox assumes the neutral position when the ball 578 is in the surface recess 566.

Correspondingly, the gearshift device in particular assumes the end positions of the second, of the fourth respectively of the reverse gear when the ball 578 is in one of the three surface recesses 568 of the gearbox shaft, arranged on the circumference with the same axial position.

It is preferred that the stop of the gearbox shown in Figure 10 (retainer) causes redundancy signals for the measured values or the signals, supplied by a distance measuring device, on the final travel position.

A sensor (not shown) is arranged in the stop, which detects the different translational positions of the ball 578, respectively, which detects when the ball 578 is placed in the surface recesses 564, 566, 568.

Figure 11 shows an exemplary signal pattern, which can be caused by the stop represented in Figure 10 respectively by its sensor device.

In particular, the signal pattern of the redundancy sensor according to Figure 10 along the position of the gearbox shaft is shown.

In this case, signal 590 indicates that the gearshift device is in the final gear position of the first or third respectively of the fifth gear.

Signal 592 indicates that the shifter is in a neutral position.

Signal 594 indicates that the gearbox is in the final positions of the second, fourth respectively of the reverse gear.

Figure 12 shows an arrangement of gear selector tracks which is used in particular according to the invention.

For the illustration the following is agreed regarding the directions. The arrow 600, located in the direction of change, points in the forward direction, while the arrow 602 oriented in the opposite direction points in the rearward direction. The arrow 604, oriented in the selection direction, points in the left direction, while the arrow 606, oriented in the opposite direction to this arrow 604, points in the right direction.

In front, first, third and fifth gears are arranged next to each other from left to right. Behind, the second, fourth and reverse are arranged next to each other from left to right. Basically in the center is the neutral position.

Note that it is also preferred that the reverse gear is arranged not - as shown here - diametrically opposite to the outside with respect to the first gear, but that it is arranged on the left next to the first gear.

Figure 13 shows a thirteenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in schematic representation.

If the need for a neutral reference gear is ascertained, then if, in particular, while driving, it is found that with the clutch closed the engine rpm and vehicle speed are not in accordance with the gear, which should be engaged, or similar, the neutral reference gear is started in step 610. If then it is determined that the vehicle situation is not dangerous, then when it is ensured that from a neutral reference gear no damage in particular to the gearbox can result, or when preferably the vehicle is in the state of rest, in step 612 an analysis to the left is started with a subsequent analysis to the right. If the width, i.e. the maximum distance between the left point determined here and the right point determined here, is greater than a predetermined width, it can be concluded that the change finger is in the selection track. Since the LR analysis ended with an analysis to the right, in step 614 it can be established that the neutral gear is engaged at the far right.

However, if after the LR analysis it is determined that the determined width is less than a predetermined width, then in step 616 a V analysis is started with simultaneous R compression. If no stop is detected here or the compression to the right was successful , therefore a shift to the right has been recognized, subsequently in step 618 an RLR analysis is started. This RLR analysis serves in particular for the control. If in the case of this RLR analysis a width is detected respectively a distance from the point placed at the maximum left and placed at the maximum right, which is greater than a predetermined width, it can be concluded that the change finger is in the selection track . Furthermore it can be concluded that we were previously in a lower gear. Since the RLR analysis ended with an analysis movement to the right, in step 614 it can be established that the right end of the neutral gear is engaged.

In cases where by the step 616 it has been established or it could be concluded that a stop has been detected, what here would mean that you are in a higher gear, respectively when by the step 618 it can be established that the detected width is less than a predetermined width, the shift finger is then located in a shift track, subsequently in step 620 an analysis H with simultaneous compression L is started. If no stop is detected here or the compression to the left was successful, therefore a movement of movement towards the right has been recognized, subsequently in step 622 an analysis LR is started for control.

If a distance of the left point and the right point respectively a width which is greater than a predetermined width is detected here, it can be concluded that the shift finger is in the selection track, so that in step 614 it can be established that the neutral gear is inserted at the far right.

Figure 14 shows in particular an arrangement of shift-selection tracks, in which the displacement movements of the shift finger (not shown) are illustrated, which can be carried out in particular to detect in the range respectively after an idle reference gear, the neutral gear position or an absolute position in the shift direction.

Starting from an unknown position of the shift finger 630 in the shift direction, the shift finger not shown is moved in particular along the arrow 632 in the selection track 322 to a track wall 634 located at the end of the selection track 322 After reaching this track wall 634, which is detected in particular by an indirect method, the shift finger is moved backwards along the arrow 633 in the opposite direction to the selection track, in the selection direction by a predetermined length. This predetermined length is dimensioned in particular such that the shift finger in the selection direction is substantially in the center between the shift tracks 310 and 314 respectively 312 and 316 at the end of this shifting process. The shift finger is then moved in the shift direction, ie in particular along the arrow 640, to a region of the longitudinal wall 642. This position is used for compensation in the shift direction.

In order to prevent lateral sliding in particular in the direction of the arrow 644 and in the direction of the arrow 646 within a shifting track, therefore in particular within the shifting track 312 or the shifting track 326, the position of the selection tracks is monitored. If the position of the selection tracks when moving in the direction of the longitudinal wall 642 does not remain the same, there is a danger of lateral sliding.

Figure 15 shows in particular an arrangement of selection-change tracks.

The final travel positions 660, 662, 664, 666, 668, 670 are designed in such a way that a shift finger, not shown, can be arranged therein with play in the selection direction and in the shift direction.

Upon insertion of the gear stages, the shift finger is positioned according to a predetermined coding characteristic in predetermined positions of the shift finger 672, 674, 676, 678, 680, 682, associated with the respective shift stage. These positions differ according to a predetermined characteristic.

Thus in particular in a final travel position 660 the shift finger is positioned behind the center; in a final travel position 662 the shift finger is positioned front left; in a final travel position 664 the shift finger is positioned rear left; in a final travel position 666 the shift finger is positioned in front of the center; in a final travel position 668 the shift finger is positioned behind to the right; in a final gear position 670 the shift finger is positioned at the top right. The direction indications correspond in particular to those of the arrow cross, where the arrow 684 represents the forward direction, the arrow 686 the back direction, the arrow 688 the right direction, the arrow 690 the left direction and the point 692 represents the center.

For decoding the travel position information, the shift finger can be moved by means of shifting movements to and / or to the right and forwards and / or backwards into the final travel position, so that with the aid of the travel paths shifting can be concluded in the gear engaged.

Figure 16 shows in particular a change track 700 as well as a selection track 702. Lines 704 and 706 represent two exemplary trajectories of movement, along which the change finger not shown can be moved within the change track 700 for the control of a selection engine or its path detection device. These trajectories 706, 708 are distinguished in particular by the fact that the movement not only extends in the shift direction, but also has a component within the shift path in the selection direction.

By checking the values indicated by the distance measuring device in the selection direction, it is possible to check whether the selection motor or its distance measuring device is operating correctly.

Point 710 represents an exemplary shift finger position, which has the shift finger while in gear.

The patent claims filed with the application are proposed formulations without prejudice to obtain further patent protection. The Applicant reserves the right to claim further characteristics, disclosed so far only in the description and / or in the drawings.

The references used in the sub-claims refer to a further embodiment of the subject matter of the main claim by means of the characteristics of the respective sub-claim; they are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining autonomous objective protection for the characteristics of the sub-claims containing the references.

Since the objects of the sub-claims as regards the state of the art can form their own and independent inventions on the priority day, the applicant reserves the right to make them the subject of independent claims or divisional questions. They may also contain autonomous inventions, which have a configuration independent of the objects of the preceding sub-claims.

The examples of execution are not intended as a limitation of the invention. On the other hand, within the scope of the present description numerous variations and modifications are possible, in particular such variations, elements and combinations and / or materials, which in particular by combining or modifying individual characteristics respectively elements or process steps, described in the general description and forms of execution, as well as described in the claims and contained in the drawings, are detectable by the skilled person as regards the solution of the task, and by means of combinable characteristics they lead to a new object or new process steps or sequences of process steps, also as regards manufacturing, testing and working procedures.

Claims (124)

CLAIMS 1. Shifting device, in particular automated gearbox (ASG) of a motor vehicle, with a switching device for actuating the shifting device, with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one device for the automated determination of at least one predetermined characteristic quantity, in particular of a geometric characteristic quantity, of the switching device, such as a predetermined characteristic quantity of the gear shaft and / or of a predetermined characteristic quantity of the raceway arrangement shift selection and / or a predetermined characteristic quantity of the drive device, where this characteristic quantity can be determined from an unknown shift finger position within the shift selection track arrangement. 2. Change device in particular according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the characteristic quantity is a measure of distance and / or the identity of an inserted gear stage. 3. Shifting device according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the device for determining predetermined characteristic values of the shifting geometry at least temporarily shifts the shift finger, starting from the unknown position of the shift finger, in and / or o up to the stops, detected in the orientations of this direction, and / or starting from the unknown position of the shift finger moves it in the shift direction up to the stops detected in the orientations of this direction, where in predetermined circumstances - the displacement paths detected during this displacement are evaluated according to a predetermined characteristic; - on the basis of this evaluation and / or on the basis of other characteristic values, a new predetermined position of the change finger is approached, starting from which travel paths in the change and / or selection direction are determined; - these detected displacement path values and / or predetermined characteristic values are used as the basis for a new evaluation; And - this process of approaching a new position of the gearshift finger, of the procedure and of the evaluation is repeated until all the predetermined characteristic values of the gearbox geometry are determined. Change device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by at least one geometry characteristic value detection device, which under predetermined circumstances, starting from an unknown change finger position according to one of the coordinates, within the arrangement of selection-change tracks, at least temporarily according to a predetermined characteristic, approaches a predetermined reference point within this arrangement of selection-change tracks, in particular a reference point representing a stop, so that starting from this reference point according to a second predetermined characteristic, predetermined positions of the shift finger can be approached for detecting predetermined characteristic values of the shift geometry. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristic shift geometry values that can be detected comprise at least one rest position for travel and / or at least one synchronous position and / or at least one track position and / or at least one track width. 6. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one track wall and / or at least one stop is approached for detecting the characteristic geometry values of the transmission, where this track wall and / or this stop under predetermined circumstances is detected as a function of predetermined characteristic values and / or variations in characteristic values, such as speed variations and / or voltage variations of the actuating device and / or variations in current of the actuating device and / or variation of the angular position of the motor and / or number of revolutions of the motor of the driving device and / or voltage of the motor of the driving device and / or current of the motor of the driving device. 7. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one device for determining and / or controlling and / or fine adjustment of the neutral gear position, which at least temporarily under predetermined circumstances controls the gear finger in such a way that it is moved along a trajectory in such a way that it, with incremental approach to one of the longitudinal walls of the selection track, is moved in the selection track along trajectories substantially parallel to the axis of the selection track, until the change finger is deflected or stopped by at least one area of one of the longitudinal walls in its trajectory oriented parallel to the axis of the selection track, so that a limitation, arranged in the longitudinal direction of the selection track, for the position of the neutral gearbox is detected. 8. Changeover device with a changeover device for the. its drive with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one absolute position detection device, which in predetermined circumstances, starting from an unknown position of the shift shaft and / or shift finger, determines at least one predetermined absolute position within the arrangement of selection-shifting tracks shift shaft and / or shift finger within the selection-shift-race arrangement Shift device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, with an absolute position detection device, which under predetermined circumstances determines an absolute position of the shift shaft and / or shift finger substantially independently of actuating forces of the switching device. Change device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, in particular according to at least one of claims 8 and 9, characterized by at least one sensor device and at least one signal range, where - the sensor device detects at least temporarily a signal from the signal field; - the signal detected by the sensor device can assume at least two different signal values depending on the position of the signal field in which the signal field is analyzed; - the signal field corresponds to a model projected on the arrangement of selection-change tracks, which has a plurality of field-shaped areas, to which a predetermined signal value is respectively associated; And - the signal trend detected by the sensor device and / or the signal value detected by the sensor is subjected to a variation when the change finger is moved along a contact line of these neighboring areas. 11. Shift device in particular according to claim 10, characterized in that the signal field is arranged on the shift shaft. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the sensor device is a digital sensor and / or the signal field is a digital signal field. Change device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the field-shaped regions of the model projected in the arrangement of selection-change tracks are each oriented substantially parallel to at least one of the axes of the tracks. Change device in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the design projected in the arrangement of selection-change tracks is designed in such a way that the absolute position of the change finger and / or at least of a shaft of the drive device within up to three shift finger displacement processes. Change device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially two areas of the model projected in the arrangement of selection-change tracks are arranged within at least one of the tracks, to which different signal values are associated , so that an absolute selection position can be uniquely determined by a movement of the shift finger on and / or along its neighboring contact line. Change device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially two areas of the projected model are arranged within at least one of the tracks in the arrangement of selection-change tracks, to which different signal values are associated , so that an absolute change position can be uniquely determined by a movement of the shift finger on and / or along its neighboring contact line. 17. Change device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor device has at least one sensor belonging to a group of sensors, which has an electromechanical analyzer, a Hall sensor, an inductive sensor, an optical sensor , a capacitive sensor, a sound sensor, an electrical collector on conductive tracks or the like. Shift device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal field is arranged on and / or along the shift shaft in the form of surface ridges and surface recesses. 19. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 8 to 18, characterized by at least one evaluation device, in which the position of the projected model in the arrangement of selection-change tracks is stored, and which uniquely determines, in predetermined circumstances, in particular on the basis of the position of this stored model, as well as of the detected sensor values, an absolute position in the selection direction and / or in the change direction. Change device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one incremental path sensor for the selection direction and at least one incremental path sensor for the change direction, which can be placed at a certain time at a predetermined value, in particular at zero, where in particular a predetermined value of the incremental path transducer can be associated with an absolute position. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 8 to 20, characterized in that in at least one change track, in the case of at least one predetermined position in the selection direction, two regions of the model projected in the arrangement of tracks of shift selector, to which different signal values are associated, border one another along a nip oriented at least partially in the longitudinal direction of this shift track. 22. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 8 to 21, characterized in that in at least one shifting track, in the case of at least one predetermined position in the shifting direction, two regions of the model projected in the shifting track arrangement shift selector, to which different signal values are associated, adjoin each other along a nip oriented at least partially in the transverse direction of this shift track. 23. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 8 to 22, characterized in that in the selection track, in the case of at least one predetermined position in the direction of change, two areas of the projected model in the arrangement of selection tracks - gearboxes, to which different signal values are associated, border one another along a contact line oriented at least partially in the longitudinal direction of this selection track. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 8 to 23, characterized in that in the selection lane, in the case of at least one predetermined position in the selection direction, two regions of the projected model in the selection raceway arrangement - gearboxes, to which different signal values are associated, border one another along a contact line oriented at least partially in the transverse direction of this selection track. 25. Changeover device with a changeover device for its actuation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuating device for controlling the change finger - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one sensor device at least with three stages, which interacts with a displaced component during the shifting process, in particular with the shift shaft, in such a way that at least three different positions and / or position zones of the shift shaft and / or shift finger within the shift selector track arrangement. 26. Shift device according to claim 25, characterized in that a profiling is provided on the outer surface of the shift shaft, which for the identification of predetermined shift positions, is made in such a way that from the surface inside of the shaft extend recesses of different depth, which the sensing device at least in three stages detects and / or differentiates at least temporarily. 27. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that on the surface of the shift shaft there is a first recess with a first depth for identifying the neutral position, and a second recess with a second depth, different from the first, for identifying a reverse gear, where the sensor device has a first gearshift stage, corresponding to the first recess, a second gearshift stage, corresponding to the second recess, as well as a third gearshift stage gearbox, corresponding to the surface position, arranged in the axial direction of the gearbox shaft between these recesses. 28. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger and / or the position of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one redundancy sensor device for controlling and / or adapting the path detection device, which in predetermined circumstances uniquely differentiates predetermined gear positions from other gear positions, where in particular the positions can be differentiated shift "final gear position" and / or "neutral gear position" from remaining gear positions. 29. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gearbox shaft, where a profiling is arranged on the outer surface of the gearbox shaft, which has areas of potential different from the axis of the gearbox shaft, where predetermined final gear positions and / or the neutral position are associated with predetermined potentials; - a retainer, which has a ball stressed by a spring substantially radially with respect to the gearbox shaft, which under the effect of a spring rests against the profile of the gearbox shaft; And - at least one sensor and / or switch, which is preferably integrated into the stop, and which detects at least temporarily a predetermined movement of the ball, in particular a translational movement of the ball, for checking the functionality of the actuation device and / or the control device path detection, in particular for controlling the selection motor and / or the shift motor. 30. Gearbox device in particular according to claim 29., characterized in that for each final driving position and for the neutral position a predetermined information potential of the surface profiling of the gearbox shaft is provided each time. 31. Shift device according to claim 30, characterized in that the potentials of the final gear positions and of the neutral position are identical. 32. Shifter device in particular according to at least one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the stop and / or sensor for detecting the surface potential of the shifter shaft is a redundancy sensor, which can indicate the position shift shaft. Change device according to claim 32, characterized in that the redundancy sensor serves to check the functionality of a path detection device, which is provided for detecting the position and / or movement of the change finger within the arrangement of gear selector tracks and / or of the gear shaft position. 34. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; at least one path detection device for detecting movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one neutral reference device, which in predetermined circumstances, starting from an unknown position of the shift finger, determines and / or engages the neutral gear; where, upon determination and / or engagement of the neutral gear according to the scheme, the directions of movement controlled by the shift finger are oriented in such a way that a movement of the shift finger in critical, predetermined shift tracks is avoided. 35. Changing device according to claim 34, characterized in that the forces exerted by the idle reference device on the change finger always have a direction selected from a group of directions, which includes the direction of the selection track and directions which have a vector component in the direction of the selection track and a vector direction in the direction of the change tracks, where these components are each different from zero and where those directions and orientations, which correspond to the direction and orientation of any vector, are excluded, which from any point of the selection track, which is located outside the crossing areas between the predetermined critical shift tracks and the selection track, is oriented towards any point of the predetermined critical shift tracks. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 and 35, characterized in that the critical, predetermined shifting tracks are the shifting track of the first gear and the shifting track of a reverse gear. 37. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the critical, predetermined shifting tracks are arranged diametrically opposite to the outside in a double H pattern. 38. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that the neutral reference device starts to engage and / or command the neutral gear when - detected, predetermined operating parameters contradict the determined and / or calculated gear stage, in particular when, with the clutch closed, the detected gear stage does not coincide with the gear stage calculated as a function of the engine rpm and vehicle speed; and / or - unknown stops are detected in the gearbox; and / or - it is revealed that the incremental sensors are receiving incorrect signals; and / or - while driving, the travel information prepared by incremental sensors is reset to zero and / or is not ready; and / or - predetermined components of the switching device and / or its control device have been added and / or replaced. 39. Gearshift device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 38, characterized in that the idle reference device starts an idle reference gear only when it is ensured that a vehicle with gearshift device is in predetermined operating states , such as outside kickdown operation or below predetermined speed values. 40. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the idle reference device performs an idle reference gear only when the throttle valve of a motor vehicle assumes a predetermined angle. 41. Gearshift device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 40, characterized by the fact that the neutral reference device prevents the insertion of a gear during a neutral reference gear. 42. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 41, characterized in that the neutral reference device performs a neutral reference gear only when the vehicle speed is less than a predetermined vehicle speed, in particular when vehicle speed is essentially zero. 43. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 42, characterized in that the idle reference device during an idle reference gear at least temporarily performs analysis and compression movements according to a predetermined characteristic, where a movement of analysis corresponds to a command of the change finger, which is executed until a stop is recognized and / or a predetermined maximum path has been traveled, and where a compression movement corresponds to a command of the change finger that is performed until when a displacement movement in the commanded direction is not detected. 44. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 43, characterized in that in predetermined error conditions, the reference gear is interrupted and / or repeated. 45. Shift device in particular according to at least one of claims 34 to 44, characterized in that the idle reference device detects at least temporarily, after having found the selection track according to a predetermined characteristic, the position of the shift finger in the direction exchange rate. 46. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one geometry detection device, which in predetermined circumstances compresses respectively over-compresses and subsequently discharges the shift finger against a predetermined stop, in particular against a track wall, so that the shift finger assumes a substantially force-free position, in a function of which, according to a predetermined characteristic, a predetermined characteristic quantity of the gearbox geometry, such as a rest position of gear, can be determined. 47. Changing device according to claim 46, characterized in that the geometry detection device determines in predetermined circumstances at least one, in particular all the rest positions of travel, where for the determination of a rest position of travel the finger shift finger is moved to a respective shift track end, and is subsequently over-compressed on this track end stop, before the external force exerted on the shift finger is at least reduced, so that the shift finger as a result of return forces is moved to a force-free position, which according to a predetermined characteristic has a predetermined relative position with respect to the rest position of travel. 48. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 46 and 47, characterized in that the geometry detection device, under predetermined circumstances, compresses and over-compresses as well as subsequently discharges, in particular discharges in a targeted manner, the change finger against a predetermined wall of the raceway arrangement, so that at least one geometric characteristic value of the gear selection raceway arrangement, such as for example the position of a raceway wall and / or the width of a raceway or the like, can be determined and / or adapted according to the position of the change finger which is established after the discharge of the change finger. 49. Shift device in particular according to at least one of claims 46 to 48, characterized in that the geometry detection device in predetermined circumstances, by means of a control of the shift finger according to a predetermined characteristic, compensates or initialises at least one sensor of incremental path and / or controls it, where the geometry detection device compresses and over-compresses the shift finger in a predetermined position against a predetermined stop, before this, in particular controlled in a targeted manner, is unloaded, so that the shift finger , moved by return forces, assumes a substantially force-free position, which is used according to a predetermined characteristic for the compensation and / or for the initialisation of the incremental path sensor device. 50. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift-selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved, where the shift finger, in the case of a gear fully engaged within a predetermined shift track, is arranged with play in a predetermined zone, associated with this march respectively to this final travel position, in directions placed perpendicularly to each other; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger and / or the position of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one gear coding device, which codes the gear engaged in each case in such a way that the identity of the gear engaged can be determined independently of the final value of a path detection device, operating together with the engagement of the gear with the movement of the shift finger and / or the movement of the actuating device. 51. Shift device according to claim 50, characterized in that the identity of the gear is determined, where the shift finger remains in its final running position. 52. Shift device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 and 51, characterized in that the identity of the gear can be determined by moving the shift finger within the final driving position. 53. Gearshift device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 to 51, characterized in that the identity of the gear is determined at least temporarily as a function of predetermined geometric characteristic values of the gearshift glyph, where the gearshift finger remains in the its final running position. 54. Change device in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the final travel positions are each limited by at least two, in particular by three track walls. 55. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 to 54, characterized in that the gear coding device positions the shift finger under predetermined circumstances upon engagement of a gear within the clearance zone of the final position of driving in a predetermined position, characterizing the respective gear, so that the driving identity is determined at least temporarily by determining the relative position in at least one predetermined point of the limitation of the final driving position independently of a final value of a path detection device , functioning together with the engagement of the gear with the movement of the shift finger and / or the movement of the actuating device. 56. Shifting device in particular according to claim 55, characterized by an association characteristic, which associates the identity of predetermined gears to predetermined positions and / or position zones within the final travel positions. 57. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 to 56, characterized in that the travel coding device measures, for decoding, at least temporarily the distance from at least one of the walls of the end travel positions. 58. Shift device in particular according to claim 57, characterized in that at least two shift tracks, in the region of the final travel positions, have a different track width. 59. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 to 58, characterized in that for identifying the identity of at least one gear stage, the shift finger rests in the plane of the selection-shifting track arrangement above and to the left and / or above and to the right and / or below and to the left and / or below and to the right and / or above and for the left and right limitation of the final driving position has a predetermined distance β / o rests below and for the limitation left and right of the final driving position has a predetermined distance. 60. Gearbox device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 to 59, characterized in that the gear coding device decodes the gear identities encoded by it in predetermined circumstances as a function of geometry characteristic values of the selection-change tracks. 61. Change device in particular according to at least one of claims 50 to 60, characterized in that the tidal identity, encoded by the gear coding device, is a redundancy with respect to the gear identity and / or the information position, which is generated by means of at least one path detection device, operating upon engagement of the gear together with the movement of the shift finger and / or the movement of the actuating device. 62. Changeover device with a changeover device for its actuation with - an arrangement of shifting-selection tracks, in which a shifting finger can be moved, wherein the shifting finger has a play in the selection direction within the shifting tracks, with respect to the walls of the shifting track; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one control device of the selection motor, which controls the shift finger at least temporarily to the insertion and / or extraction of a gear according to a predetermined characteristic, in such a way that it varies its position in the selection direction, so that by comparing this characteristic respectively of this motion path with the values of a path detection device, which is coupled to the selection motor, the functionality of this path detection device can be checked and / or the selection engine. 63. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one driving plausibility examination device, which under predetermined circumstances determines substantially independently of the elasticities of the elements in a transmission path between a path detection device, arranged in the drive device, and a shift fork, if it is inserted a gear and / or which gear is engaged. 64. Shifter device in particular according to claim 6Λ, characterized in that the device for examining the plausibility of travel in predetermined circumstances recognizes a gear when the actual position of the shifter finger differs by less than a predetermined limit from the nominal position, associated in this gear, and the selection motor and / or the shift finger reaches the nominal position within a predetermined period of time and / or after reaching this nominal position remains in a switch-off hysteresis for at least a predetermined duration of time. 65. Changing device according to claim 64, characterized in that the predetermined limit corresponds to the track width of the respective track. 66. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one gear plausibility examination device, which, under predetermined circumstances, recognizes the identity of a gear as engaged when a position of the shift finger, detected by a path detection device, and / or of a synchronization, according to a predetermined association characteristic, corresponds to the position of the gear engaged, and the ratio between the number of revolutions of the input shaft of the gearbox and the number of revolutions of the output shaft of the gearbox corresponds to the transmission ratio of this stage of gear. 67. Changeover device with a changeover device for its operation with - an arrangement of shift selection tracks, in which a shift finger can be moved; - at least one actuation device for controlling the change finger; - at least one path detection device for detecting the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction and in the shift direction; - at least one gear shaft; And - at least one gear recognition device, which, under predetermined circumstances, engages at least temporarily in a targeted and deliberate manner a clutch of the motor vehicle completely, before it, in the then adherent state of the clutch, determines the gear ratio engaged as a function of the ratio between the number of revolutions of the engine and at least one number of wheel revolutions, and compares it with a transmission ratio associated with the gears. 68. Gearbox device according to claim 67, characterized in that the clutch of the motor vehicle has a system for disengaging the hydraulic clutch, which to ensure the precision of the disengagement movement has a volume compensation device for the hydraulic fluid, where the gear recognition device at least temporarily during a volume compensation of the hydraulic fluid detects the gear engaged. 69. Shifting device in particular according to at least one of claims 67 and 68, characterized in that the gear recognition device under predetermined circumstances during gear detection controls a movement of the gearbox, by means of which the shift finger is guided in a A predetermined shifting track against a stop, in particular an end stop, so that this determined stop position is compared with a stored value for the new initialisation of the distance measurement of a distance sensor when the clutch is adhered and the gear is determined. incremental path. 70. Control device for controlling a switching device of a change device according to at least one of the preceding claims, where this control device controls at least temporarily the actuating device of the switching device for generating a movement of the switching finger. exchange. 71. Method for controlling a switching device of a gearshift device, in particular of an automated gearbox (ASG) of a motor vehicle, which has a selection motor and a shift motor for controlling a shift finger. gearbox, movably arranged in an arrangement of selection-change tracks, for the automated detection of predetermined characteristic geometry values of the change device and / or of the changeover device, with the steps: - Movement of the shift finger in the orientations of the shift direction and / or the selection direction for the detection of travel paths in the selection direction and / or in the shift direction, which are possible starting from a specified, unknown position according to the coordinates, within the arrangement of selection-change tracks; - evaluation of the displacement paths detected according to a predetermined characteristic; - command of a new position within the arrangement of selection-change tracks as a function of the evaluation result of this evaluation; - displacement of the shift finger in the orientations of the selection direction and / or in the orientations of the shift direction for determining the maximum travel paths, which are possible starting from the new commanded position; - evaluation of the displacement paths according to a further predetermined characteristic; - command of a new position according to the evaluation result of the evaluation; And - repetition of the sequences of steps: determination of the maximum displacement paths, evaluation of these maximum displacement paths and command of a new position for the determination of the maximum displacement paths given in this position, until the characteristic geometry values of the gearbox they are not fully detected. 72. Method for controlling a switching device and a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger, movably arranged in an arrangement of selector tracks. changeover, for the detection of predetermined geometric characteristic values of the changeover device and / or of the changeover device, with the steps: - command and approach of a predetermined position, uniquely determined in the selection direction and / or in the change direction, within the arrangement of selection-change tracks starting from an unknown position according to one of the coordinates, within the arrangement of tracks selection-exchange; And - detection of the characteristic values of geometry according to a predetermined characteristic starting from this commanded position. 73. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 71 and 72, characterized in that the characteristic geometry values comprise at least one information from an information group, which includes the travel rest positions, the synchronous positions, the operating positions runway and runway widths. 74. A method in particular according to at least one of claims 71 to 73, characterized in that under predetermined circumstances the travel paths and / or stops and / or a stop of the shift finger against a track wall are determined with the help of the time course of at least one predetermined operating characteristic quantity, such as in particular the time course of the motor voltage and / or the angular position of the motor and / or the number of revolutions of the motor and / or the angular acceleration of the motor and / or motor voltage and / or motor current and / or a combination of the aforementioned quantities or the like, according to a predetermined characteristic. 75. A method for controlling a switching device and a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger, movably arranged in an arrangement of selector tracks. gearbox, for the control and / or fine adaptation of the neutral position of the gearbox device and / or for the determination of certain wall positions of the selection lane, with the steps: control of the shift finger for moving the shift finger within the selection track in the selection direction along a first predetermined length with a first predetermined orientation; - control of the shift finger for moving the shift finger in the shift direction by at least one increment in a second predetermined orientation, when the shift finger when shifting in the selection direction has not been deflected by a resistance in the shift direction; control of the shift finger for moving the shift finger in the selection direction in a third direction with a third orientation along a third predetermined length; - control of the shift finger for moving the shift finger in a fourth direction with a fourth orientation by at least one increment, when the shift finger when shifting in the selection direction has not been deflected in the shift direction; And - repetition of the aforementioned steps until the change finger is deflected in the change direction by a resistance in the change direction during the command for moving in the selection direction, and / or the change finger before reaching the length of predetermined movement in the selection direction is hindered by a resistance in its further movement in the selection direction. A method according to claim 75, characterized in that the second and fourth directions as well as the second and fourth orientations are identical. 77. A method in particular according to at least one of claims 75 and 76, characterized in that the first direction corresponds to the third direction and the first orientation is opposed to the third orientation. Method according to at least one of claims 75 to 77 in particular, characterized in that the predetermined lengths in the selection direction correspond, at least starting from the second command for moving the change finger in the selection direction, substantially to the length of the selection track. 79. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 75 to 78, characterized by the pitch: finding that a first limit of the neutral position has been reached, when the shift finger at the control for shifting in the selection direction is deflected in the direction of change by a resistance, and / or when the change finger, before reaching the predetermined travel length in the selection direction, hits a stop. 80. Process, in particular according to at least one of claims 75 to 79, with the steps: - detection of a first limit, extending in the longitudinal direction of the selection race, for the neutral position, which is arranged from the center of the idle race in a fifth orientation in the direction of change; And - detection of a second limit, extending in the longitudinal direction of the selection race, for the neutral position, which is arranged from the center of the idle race in a sixth orientation in the direction of change. 81. Method in particular according to claim 80, with the intermediate step: approaching the position within the selection track in the shift direction, which had the shift finger at the beginning of the detection of the first limit of the neutral position, after it had been revealed the first limit of the neutral position. 82. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for detecting and / or controlling an absolute position of the shift finger within the arrangement of selection-shift tracks, where the movement of the shift finger in the shift direction as well as the movement of the shift finger in the selection direction is detected from time to time at least temporarily by a distance sensor, with the step: execution of an absolute compensation at predetermined instants and / or after the elapsing of predetermined time periods and / or after the occurrence of predetermined events, where the absolute compensation leads to a position of the shift finger within the arrangement of selection tracks. gearbox, the position of which is already known within the arrangement of selection-gearbox tracks, where - during absolute compensation, a movement dependent on the movement of the shift finger is performed on the gear shaft according to a predetermined transformation; - a digital sensor in predetermined circumstances analyzes a digital field, displaced with the gearshift shaft, to which corresponds a transformed field in the arrangement of selection-gearbox tracks; And - depending on the digital shifting (0-1; 1-0) detected by this digital sensor, and / or the orientations of the directions of movement of the shift finger, which occur at the digital shifting, a point is approached according to a predetermined characteristic predetermined, in particular a predetermined point of a plurality of predetermined points within the arrangement of selection-shift tracks. 83. Process according to claim 82, characterized in that upon reaching the predetermined point, the path sensors are each placed at a predetermined value, associated with this position according to an association characteristic. Method according to at least one of claims 82 and 83 in particular, characterized in that a point for determining an absolute position in the selection direction and a point for determining an absolute position in the change direction are approached separately. 85. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for the determination and / or engagement of the neutral gear of the gearshift device, with the pitch: execution and / or command of a neutral reference gear in the presence of predetermined circumstances, where - a neutral reference gear is a predetermined sequence of motor and / or shift finger actuations according to a predetermined neutral reference gear characteristic, through which, regardless of the starting position of the shift finger, the shift finger can being moved to a neutral position corresponding to the neutral gear; - the neutral reference running characteristic is a predetermined sequence of analysis processes and compression processes, where an analysis process corresponds in particular to a powering of an engine, which is carried out until a shock of the shift finger is detected against a stop and / or a predetermined path has been traveled, and where a compression process corresponds to a feed of an engine, which is performed until a shift of the shift finger in the direction of movement predetermined by the engine has been detected; And - the analysis processes, the selection processes as well as the combinations of the analysis and selection processes are carried out only in predetermined directions, dependent on the position of predetermined critical driving stages, within the arrangement of selection-shifting tracks. Method according to claim 85, characterized in that an analysis in the change direction is carried out only in connection with a compression in the selection direction. 87. Process in particular according to at least one of claims 85 and 86, characterized in that there is a predetermined circumstance for the initialisation of an idle reference gear when - during a gear it is established that with the clutch closed the number of revolutions of the engine and the speed of the vehicle do not coincide with a gear stage that is recognized as engaged; and / or - it is established that commanded positions are not approached correctly; and / or - it is established that according to a predetermined characteristic, displacement of the change finger associated with a predetermined and memorized position do not coincide with the actual displacements; and / or - a control device for controlling the shift motor and / or the selector motor and / or the shift finger was switched off or was reset; and / or - components of the switching device and / or of the switching device and / or of a switchgear, which controls the switching device, have been fitted and / or replaced. 88. A method in particular according to at least one of claims 85 to 87, characterized in that an idle reference gear is started only when according to a predetermined characteristic, according to at least one predetermined operating parameter of a motor vehicle, it is ensured that a neutral reference gear does not cause any damage to the gearshift device and / or the switching device and / or the vehicle is not in a predetermined operating state, which should be interrupted for the execution of a neutral reference gear. 89. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 85 to 88, characterized in that an idle reference gear is suppressed and / or interrupted when the vehicle speed is greater than a predetermined vehicle speed and / or an operation is present kick-down and / or throttle angle is in predetermined ranges. Method according to at least one of claims 85 to 89, characterized in that the shifting from a non-zero gear stage to another non-zero gear stage is prevented during an idle reference gear. 91. A method in particular according to at least one of claims 85 to 90, characterized in that the arrangement of selection-shifting tracks is carried out as a double H scheme, in which the shifting track associated with the first gear is arranged above a left and the shift track, associated with the reverse gear, is arranged under the right, where during the neutral reference gear only analysis and / or compression processes are carried out in directions, which are included in a group of directions, which have a left-oriented direction, a right-oriented direction, a downward-oriented direction overlap with a left-oriented direction, and an upward-oriented direction overlap with a right-oriented direction. 92. Process in particular according to claim 91, with the steps: - starting a neutral reference gear under predetermined circumstances; - analysis in the direction of selection in both orientations for the determination of displacement in the direction of selection; - ascertaining that the neutral gear is engaged, when the displacement in the selection direction is greater than a predetermined value, as well as determining that the shift finger is at the end of the selection track, in whose orientation it was last analyzed; - analysis in the forward change direction (V analysis) with simultaneous compression in the selection direction to the right (R compression), when the displacement is less than a predetermined displacement; - right-left-right analysis (RLR analysis) for the control in the selection direction, when no stop was detected and / or a right squeeze was successful, so that a rightward procedure was recognized; - establish that a right end of the neutral gear is engaged, when the displacement determined in the context of the RLR analysis in the selection direction is greater than a predetermined value; - backward analysis (H analysis) with simultaneous compression to the left (L compression), when the displacement determined in the RLR analysis in the direction of change is less than a predetermined value, or to the V analysis with simultaneous R compression an arrest has been revealed; - LR analysis, when in the context of the analysis H with simultaneous compression L no stop has been detected, and / or a compression to the left has been successful, so that a shift to the left can be detected; - establishing that the right-hand end of the neutral gear is engaged, when the control analysis LR has led to a displacement which is greater than a predetermined displacement; where - an LR analysis is a combination of a leftward analysis with subsequent rightward analysis, a V analysis and a forward analysis, an H analysis and a backward analysis, an RLR analysis is a combination of an analysis to the right with subsequent analysis to the left and subsequent analysis to the right, a compression R is a compression to the right and a compression L is a compression to the left; - left and right represent orientations in the direction of selection; - forward and backward represent orientations in the direction of change; And - the first gear shift track and the reverse gear shift track are arranged outwardly in the left-forward and right-rear shift selection-shift track arrangement. 93. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 85 to 92, characterized by the step: repetition of the reference run and / or of the shut-down according to a predetermined characteristic, when predetermined errors have been established during the execution of the reference run . 94. Process in particular according to at least one of claims 85 to 93, characterized by the steps: - approaching a final position in the direction of selection; - approaching a predetermined position in the direction of the selection lane after having found the selection lane, where according to a predetermined characteristic it is ensured that in the region of this position no change lane leads into the selection lane; And - shifting in the shift direction for determining the stops in the selection tracks in the shifting direction for determining the neutral position in the shifting direction. 95. Method according to claim 94, with the step: monitoring the selection position when moving in the shift direction to ensure that the shift finger, as a result of a slip, is not shifted in a shift track. 96. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for the detection of at least one predetermined rest position of gear and / or for the detection of an operating disturbance of the shifting and / or selection motor and / or of at least one path detection device of the shifting motor and / or the selection engine, with the steps: - displacement of the shift finger in the direction of at least one wall of a track; - over-compression of the shift finger beyond its stop position formed by the track wall; - reduce or set to zero the force applied by the at least one motor on the shift finger, so that the shift finger as a result of at least one return force, such as for example the return force of the shift finger and / or a fork shift finger is moved backward in the direction of the tracks, so that the corresponding element, such as the shift finger, is unloaded and the shift finger assumes a substantially predetermined and / or already known position within the track arrangement with respect to the stop; - detection of the return movement of the shift finger from the over-compressed position to its unloaded position by means of a path detection device, in particular by means of a path detection device arranged on a motor, - comparison of the predetermined position with the final value of the path detection device; And - establish that the selection motor and / or the shift motor and / or the path sensing device of the selection motor and / or the shift motor has a malfunction, when the final value of the path sensing device differs by more than a predetermined amount from the predetermined and / or already known position of the shift finger, discharges, and / or adapts the position caused by the path detection device. 97. Method according to claim 96, characterized in that a stop is formed by a wall, delimiting the rest position of travel, of a change track. 98. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for the detection of a rest position of travel, with the steps: - displacement of the shift finger in the direction of the final stop in a shift track according to a predetermined movement characteristic; - over-compression of the change finger beyond the stop according to a predetermined control characteristic; - reduction and / or zeroing of the force, with which the change finger is controlled, according to a predetermined characteristic, so that the change finger, as a consequence of at least one return force, such as the return force of the change finger and / or of the shift fork, is pushed back in the shift direction within the shift track, and assumes a position in which it is substantially unloaded; And - determination of the rest position of the gear engaged as a relative position with respect to this position according to a predetermined association characteristic in the selection direction and / or in the gearshift direction. 99. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for determining a track width of a predetermined track of an arrangement of selection-change tracks, with the steps: - driving the shift finger in the direction of a longitudinal wall of a predetermined track according to a predetermined driving characteristic; - over-compression of the change finger against this wall according to the predetermined characteristic; - unloading of the shift finger according to a predetermined characteristic, so that the shift finger, as a result of the return force of the shift finger and / or a shift fork or the like, is moved back in the direction of the center of the track, and, stationary substantially unloaded, it stops in a first predetermined position in the direction of the width; - repetition of the steps previously mentioned with reference to the second wall of this track, located beyond the center of the track; And - determination of the track width according to a predetermined characteristic as a function of the distance of these positions of the unloaded change finger. 100. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 96 to 99, characterized in that the stop, in particular a track wall, is detected by an indirect method, such as for example the detection of the quiet state of an engine in based on its path detection device or by means of a force measurement or by means of measuring the armature current of a motor or the like and / or on the basis of temporal trends of predetermined magnitudes and operation, by means of a characteristic of predetermined valuation. 101. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 71 to 100, with the step: adaptation of predetermined stored positions of the arrangement of selection-change tracks as a function of at least one position of the discharged change finger, caused according to at least one of the claim 96 to 100. 102. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , which within the shift tracks in the selection direction has a clearance, for the preparation and / or determination of the identity of a gear stage inserted in the shifting device, with the steps: - coding of the identity of the gear stage inserted at the insertion of this gear stage according to a predetermined characteristic, in particular by moving the shift finger in a predetermined range of positions within the play area of the final gear stage engaged, where this field of positions within the clearance according to a predetermined association characteristic is associated with the identity of the inserted running stage; and - decoding the gear identity information at predetermined instants; where - the decoding is independent of the final value of a path detection device, which at the insertion of the gear stage has entered into operation together with the movement of the shift finger, where this final value is substantially associated with the position of the shift finger within the arrangement of selection-change tracks, which has reached the change finger before the start of the decoding process; And - when decoding the engaged gear stage is maintained. 103. A method in particular according to claim 102, characterized in that for decoding the gear identity the shift finger is actuated in the direction of the shift tracks and / or in the direction of the selection track within the final driving stage, where by means of at least one characteristic geometry value, in particular of at least one geometry characteristic value of the gearshift yoke, as well as by means of at least one travel length within the final stage of travel in the shift direction and / or in the direction of selection, a gear engaged according to a predetermined characteristic is determined. 104. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger, movably arranged in an arrangement of selector tracks. gearbox, which within the change tracks in the selection direction has a clearance, for the detection of an operating disturbance of a selection motor and / or of a path detection device of the selection motor, with the steps: - controlling a movement of the shift finger in the selection direction within a shift track under predetermined circumstances according to a predetermined characteristic; - detection of the path variation, caused by the path detection device, in the selection direction during the commanded movement in the selection direction; comparing the path change in the selection direction, determined by the path detection device, with the path change in the selection direction, predetermined according to the predetermined characteristic; And - finding that the path detection device of the selection motor and / or the selection motor exhibits an operating impairment, when the comparison has at least temporarily a path deviation, which is greater than a predetermined path deviation. 105. A method according to claim 104, which is carried out when a gear is taken out. 106. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for determining the identity of an engaged gear and / or for checking information on an engaged gear, with the steps: - generation of an examination and / or control signal, which ensures that a starting clutch of a motor vehicle is in a state of adhesion, in particular by means of targeted engagement of the starting clutch; And - determination of the identity of the gear engaged as a function of the number of revolutions of the engine and of a number of wheel revolutions according to a predetermined characteristic, which assigns a gear according to the transmission ratios determined by these revolutions. Method according to claim 106, characterized in that the method is started when predetermined disturbing circumstances have been detected, in particular sensor problems or contradicting position data. 108. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 106 and 107, characterized in that the clutch device is operated at least temporarily by a hydraulic release system, which has a volume compensation device for generating a predetermined volume in a predetermined area of the hydraulic release system, where the method according to at least one of claims 106 and 107 is followed at least temporarily simultaneously with a volume compensation. 109. A method in particular according to at least one of claims 106 to 108, characterized by a path detection device, which generates position values, describing the position of the shift finger within the arrangement of selection-shift tracks, by means of which on the basis of a running-position characteristic it is possible to determine the identity of the switchable running stages, with the steps: comparing the gear identity, generated according to a method according to at least one of claims 106 to 108, with the gear identity generated on the basis of the gear identity-position association characteristic; And - generation of an error information when deviations, and / or adaptation of the driving identity and / or the driving position, detected in the driving identity-position association characteristic, to the identity exist between this driving identity information of gear and / or gear position generated according to a method according to at least one of claims 106 to 108. 110. Method in particular according to at least one of claims 106 to 109 with the step: moving the shift finger in the shift direction for determining the stop position under predetermined circumstances, to ensure that a gear stage is engaged, and / o for the new initialization of the distance measurement. 111. Method for controlling a switching device of a shifting device, which has a selector motor and a shift motor for actuating a shift finger movably arranged in a selector-shift track arrangement , for determining the identity of an engaged running stage and / or for checking information regarding the engaged running stage, with the steps: - determination of a nominal-actual value deviation of the shift finger, where this nominal-actual value deviation lies between the nominal position, assigned by a gear-position association characteristic to a predetermined gear stage, and the position actual of the shift finger detected by the path detection device; And - monitoring of the power supply of the selection motor; where the gear identity generated by the position association feature is chosen as the gear identity actually present when - the deviation of nominal-actual value is less than a perminated limit; And - the nominal position in the selection direction is reached within a first predetermined time period, and / or the selection motor after reaching the nominal position remains in the switch-off hysteresis for at least a predetermined duration of time. 112. Method according to claim 111, characterized in that the predetermined limit substantially corresponds to the track width of the shifting track, which is associated with the gear stage, which is inserted according to the predetermined gear-position association characteristic. 113. Method for operating a switching device of a switching device according to at least one of claims 1 to 69. 114. Method for operating an exchange device according to at least one of claims 1 to 69. 115. Method for operating a control device according to claim 70. 116. Control device for carrying out a method according to at least one of claims 71 to 115. 117. Changeover device with changeover device for carrying out a method according to at least one of claims 71 to 112. 118. Switching device with switching device for its actuation and / or control device for controlling a switching device of a switching device, characterized by its particular mode of operation and execution corresponding to the present application documents. 119. Switching device with switching device for its actuation and / or control device for controlling a switching device of a switching device, characterized by at least one characteristic of at least one of the preceding claims and / or by the combination of at least two characteristics, deriving from at least one of the preceding claims, and / or from at least one characteristic according to the description and / or from the combination of at least one characteristic of the description with at least one characteristic according to at least one of the preceding claims, and / or from at least a feature according to at least one figure of this application and / or at least a single feature according to the present application. 120. Changeover device with switching device for its actuation and / or control device for controlling a switching device of a changeover device, characterized by the combination of at least one characteristic according to the figures and / or at least one characteristic according to the description and / or at least one feature according to at least one patent claim. 121. Switching device with switching device for its actuation and / or control device for controlling a switching device of a switching device, according to at least two of the preceding claims. 122. Use of a change device according to at least one of claims 1 to 69 and 117 for a motor vehicle. 123. Use of a control device according to at least one of claims 70 to 116 for a motor vehicle. 124. Use of a method according to at least one of claims 71 to 115 for the operation of a motor vehicle.