IL164827A0 - Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation

Info

Publication number
IL164827A0
IL164827A0 IL16482798A IL16482798A IL164827A0 IL 164827 A0 IL164827 A0 IL 164827A0 IL 16482798 A IL16482798 A IL 16482798A IL 16482798 A IL16482798 A IL 16482798A IL 164827 A0 IL164827 A0 IL 164827A0
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
time efficient
symbol accumulation
efficient retransmission
retransmission
accumulation
Prior art date
Application number
IL16482798A
Other languages
English (en)
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25515421&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=IL164827(A0) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Publication of IL164827A0 publication Critical patent/IL164827A0/xx

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/76—Pilot transmitters or receivers for control of transmission or for equalising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0059—Convolutional codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/005—Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068—Rate matching by puncturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068—Rate matching by puncturing
    • H04L1/0069—Puncturing patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H04L1/1816—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of the same, encoded, message
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H04L1/1819—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of additional or different redundancy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1825—Adaptation of specific ARQ protocol parameters according to transmission conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1835—Buffer management
    • H04L1/1845—Combining techniques, e.g. code combining
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/1893—Physical mapping arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/44—TPC being performed in particular situations in connection with interruption of transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1809—Selective-repeat protocols

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
IL16482798A 1997-11-13 1998-11-12 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation IL164827A0 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/969,319 US6101168A (en) 1997-11-13 1997-11-13 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
PCT/US1998/024155 WO1999026371A1 (fr) 1997-11-13 1998-11-12 Procede et systeme de retransmission chrono-efficace utilisant une accumulation de symboles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL164827A0 true IL164827A0 (en) 2005-12-18

Family

ID=25515421

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL16482798A IL164827A0 (en) 1997-11-13 1998-11-12 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
IL13606598A IL136065A (en) 1997-11-13 1998-11-12 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
IL164827A IL164827A (en) 1997-11-13 2004-10-25 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL13606598A IL136065A (en) 1997-11-13 1998-11-12 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
IL164827A IL164827A (en) 1997-11-13 2004-10-25 Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (4) US6101168A (fr)
EP (4) EP1592162B1 (fr)
JP (3) JP4242063B2 (fr)
KR (3) KR100697578B1 (fr)
CN (3) CN1937476B (fr)
AU (1) AU767672B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9814863A (fr)
CA (1) CA2309932C (fr)
DE (3) DE69842145D1 (fr)
FI (4) FI117842B (fr)
HK (5) HK1074544A1 (fr)
ID (1) ID26621A (fr)
IL (3) IL164827A0 (fr)
NO (3) NO330887B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2000114892A (fr)
TW (1) TW576050B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999026371A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (144)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW347616B (en) 1995-03-31 1998-12-11 Qualcomm Inc Method and apparatus for performing fast power control in a mobile communication system a method and apparatus for controlling transmission power in a mobile communication system is disclosed.
US6977967B1 (en) * 1995-03-31 2005-12-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for performing fast power control in a mobile communication system
KR100219035B1 (ko) * 1997-03-13 1999-09-01 이계철 다양한 레이트의 무선 멀티미디어 서비스를 위한 코드분할다중접속(cdma) 방식의 대역확산장치 및 그 방법
US6359874B1 (en) * 1998-05-21 2002-03-19 Ericsson Inc. Partially block-interleaved CDMA coding and decoding
US6101168A (en) 1997-11-13 2000-08-08 Qualcomm Inc. Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
JP2901585B1 (ja) * 1998-03-20 1999-06-07 埼玉日本電気株式会社 無線通信システム並びにこのシステムに使用する送信装置及び受信装置
US6353626B1 (en) * 1998-05-04 2002-03-05 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Methods and apparatus for providing non-uniform de-multiplexing in a multi-carrier wide band CDMA system
US6744754B1 (en) * 1998-06-09 2004-06-01 Lg Information & Communications, Ltd. Control of forward link power CDMA mobile communication system
JP2984653B1 (ja) * 1998-06-11 1999-11-29 埼玉日本電気株式会社 Ｃｄｍａ方式セルラシステムの基地局無線装置
US6741581B1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2004-05-25 Hughes Electronics Corporation System and method for transmitting data in frame format using an R-Rake retransmission technique with blind identification of data frames
US6748010B1 (en) * 1998-10-13 2004-06-08 Qualcomm Incorporated Combined searching and page monitoring using offline sample storage
US6625197B1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2003-09-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for multipath demodulation in a code division multiple access communication system
KR100304648B1 (ko) * 1998-12-31 2001-09-29 윤종용 무선통신시스템에서무선자원할당방법
US6269092B1 (en) 1999-01-14 2001-07-31 Linex Technologies, Inc. Spread-spectrum channel sounding
US6711204B2 (en) * 1999-01-14 2004-03-23 Linex Technologies, Inc. Channel sounding for a spread-spectrum signal
CA2262315A1 (fr) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-19 Northern Telecom Limited Methode d'equilibrage de puissances conjointes optimales pour voies de donnees constituantes codees/mrt
US6452959B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2002-09-17 Dot Wireless, Inc. Method of and apparatus for generating data sequences for use in communications
JP3601816B2 (ja) 1999-05-31 2004-12-15 韓國電子通信研究院 移動通信システムにおける変調装置、端末器および変調方法
US6757270B1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2004-06-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Low back haul reactivation delay for high-speed packet data services in CDMA systems
US6285861B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-09-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Receiving station with interference signal suppression
US6353792B1 (en) * 1999-07-06 2002-03-05 Sudhir Murthy System and method for remote communication of traffic monitoring device data
KR100585832B1 (ko) * 1999-09-30 2006-06-01 에스케이 텔레콤주식회사 부호분할 다중접속 시스템의 채널 확장 장치 및 방법
US6771700B1 (en) * 1999-10-09 2004-08-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for minimizing total transmission energy in a communication system employing retransmission of frame received in error
JP3938824B2 (ja) * 1999-10-29 2007-06-27 松下電器産業株式会社 通信装置および通信方法
US6539030B1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2003-03-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for providing configurable layers and protocols in a communications system
US6414938B1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2002-07-02 Motorola, Inc. Method and system for retransmitting data packets in a communication system having variable data rates
US7080307B2 (en) * 2000-03-02 2006-07-18 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Error correction decoder with correction of lowest soft decisions
JP2001268049A (ja) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd データ伝送装置及びデータ伝送方法
JP4552280B2 (ja) * 2000-06-14 2010-09-29 ソニー株式会社 テレビ受信システム、選局装置および表示装置
JP2002009692A (ja) * 2000-06-23 2002-01-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd データ伝送装置及びデータ伝送方法
DE10031677B4 (de) 2000-06-29 2005-09-29 Siemens Ag Verfahren bzw. Kommunikationssystem mit einer robusten Diversitäts-Kombinierung
CN1210886C (zh) * 2000-08-21 2005-07-13 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 用于信息通信的方法和使用该方法的装置
GB0020599D0 (en) 2000-08-21 2000-10-11 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Method for communication of information and apparatus employing the method
JP4121851B2 (ja) * 2000-10-09 2008-07-23 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 情報通信方法及びその方法を使用する装置
GB0024697D0 (en) * 2000-10-09 2000-11-22 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Method for the communication of information and apparatus employing the method
KR100350385B1 (ko) * 2000-11-28 2002-08-28 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 이동통신 시스템에서 오류/재전송 프레임 소프트 합성방법
KR100365183B1 (ko) 2000-12-07 2002-12-16 에스케이 텔레콤주식회사 비동기 이동 통신 시스템의 물리 계층에서의 적응 코딩을이용한 데이터 전송 방법 및 기지국 장치
US7110351B2 (en) * 2000-12-19 2006-09-19 Nortel Networks Limited Enhanced ARQ with OFDM modulation symbols
USH2152H1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2006-04-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Telemetry system having amplitude modulation of Walsh functions
US20040202137A1 (en) * 2001-01-26 2004-10-14 Gerakoulis Diakoumis Parissis Method for CDMA to packet-switching interface code division switching in a terrestrial wireless system
DE10108800A1 (de) * 2001-02-19 2002-09-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Übertragen von Datenpaketen
KR100873117B1 (ko) * 2001-09-10 2008-12-09 엘지전자 주식회사 하이브리드 자동 재송 요구 방식을 이용한 패킷 재전송 방법
KR100753500B1 (ko) * 2001-03-21 2007-08-31 엘지전자 주식회사 역방향 링크에서의 하이브리드 자동 재송 요구 방식을이용한 링크 적응 방법 및 이를 위한 시스템
US7580427B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2009-08-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Method for retransmitting data through a reverse link in packet data communication system using automatic repeat request
US8189556B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2012-05-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Packet transmitting method in mobile communication system
US20020181546A1 (en) * 2001-03-23 2002-12-05 Odenwalder Joseph P. Preamble channels
US8199696B2 (en) * 2001-03-29 2012-06-12 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for power control in a wireless communication system
US6961545B2 (en) * 2001-04-09 2005-11-01 Atheros Communications, Inc. Method and system for providing antenna diversity
US7043210B2 (en) * 2001-06-05 2006-05-09 Nortel Networks Limited Adaptive coding and modulation
KR100391981B1 (ko) * 2001-06-16 2003-07-22 삼성전자주식회사 복수의 안테나를 통해 전송된 신호에서 데이터를 재생하는장치
JP3583388B2 (ja) * 2001-06-29 2004-11-04 松下電器産業株式会社 データ通信装置およびデータ通信方法
US7349691B2 (en) * 2001-07-03 2008-03-25 Microsoft Corporation System and apparatus for performing broadcast and localcast communications
EP1284544A1 (fr) * 2001-08-17 2003-02-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de transmission de données dans un système de communication avec une puissance de transmisison extrèmement basse
JP3880437B2 (ja) * 2001-08-31 2007-02-14 松下電器産業株式会社 送受信装置及び送受信方法
US20030066004A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Rudrapatna Ashok N. Harq techniques for multiple antenna systems
KR100526525B1 (ko) * 2001-10-17 2005-11-08 삼성전자주식회사 이동통신시스템에서 패킷 재전송을 위한 송수신 장치 및 방법
KR100827147B1 (ko) * 2001-10-19 2008-05-02 삼성전자주식회사 부호분할다중접속 이동통신시스템에서 고속 데이터의효율적 재전송 및 복호화를 위한 송,수신장치 및 방법
KR100557167B1 (ko) * 2001-11-02 2006-03-03 삼성전자주식회사 이동통신시스템에서의 재전송 장치 및 방법
US20030112821A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-19 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. System and method for increasing a data transmission rate in mobile wireless communication channels
GB2383491B (en) * 2001-12-20 2005-01-19 Motorola Inc Packet data re-transmission
CA2417581C (fr) * 2002-01-28 2008-04-01 Research In Motion Limited Dispositif mobile de communications sans fil a processeurs multiples
US20030227881A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2003-12-11 Liangchi Hsu Apparatus, and associated method, for facilitating delivery of signaling data in a packet radio communication system
US7295624B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2007-11-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Wireless system with hybrid automatic retransmission request in interference-limited communications
US6842461B2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2005-01-11 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for data retransmission within a communication system
US6801580B2 (en) * 2002-04-09 2004-10-05 Qualcomm, Incorporated Ordered successive interference cancellation receiver processing for multipath channels
US6898193B2 (en) * 2002-06-20 2005-05-24 Qualcomm, Incorporated Adaptive gain adjustment control
US7085582B2 (en) * 2002-07-31 2006-08-01 Motorola, Inc. Pilot information gain control method and apparatus
US6741554B2 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-05-25 Motorola Inc. Method and apparatus for reliably communicating information packets in a wireless communication network
DE10238285A1 (de) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bereitstellen von Konferenzen
US7139274B2 (en) * 2002-08-23 2006-11-21 Qualcomm, Incorporated Method and system for a data transmission in a communication system
US7050405B2 (en) * 2002-08-23 2006-05-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and system for a data transmission in a communication system
US8213390B2 (en) 2002-10-24 2012-07-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Reverse link automatic repeat request
JP3679089B2 (ja) * 2002-11-20 2005-08-03 松下電器産業株式会社 基地局装置および再送パケットの送信電力制御方法
US7564818B2 (en) 2002-11-26 2009-07-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Reverse link automatic repeat request
US8179833B2 (en) * 2002-12-06 2012-05-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Hybrid TDM/OFDM/CDM reverse link transmission
US6996763B2 (en) 2003-01-10 2006-02-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Operation of a forward link acknowledgement channel for the reverse link data
US7643679B2 (en) * 2003-02-13 2010-01-05 Ati Technologies Ulc Method and apparatus for block based image compression with multiple non-uniform block encodings
US8391249B2 (en) 2003-02-18 2013-03-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Code division multiplexing commands on a code division multiplexed channel
US7155236B2 (en) 2003-02-18 2006-12-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Scheduled and autonomous transmission and acknowledgement
US7660282B2 (en) 2003-02-18 2010-02-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Congestion control in a wireless data network
US20040160922A1 (en) 2003-02-18 2004-08-19 Sanjiv Nanda Method and apparatus for controlling data rate of a reverse link in a communication system
US8705588B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2014-04-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems and methods for using code space in spread-spectrum communications
US7215930B2 (en) * 2003-03-06 2007-05-08 Qualcomm, Incorporated Method and apparatus for providing uplink signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation in a wireless communication
US7747731B2 (en) * 2003-03-27 2010-06-29 Nokia Corporation Minimizing message processing latency in a communication network
US8477592B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2013-07-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Interference and noise estimation in an OFDM system
US7130427B2 (en) * 2003-07-17 2006-10-31 Motorola, Inc. Method for providing point-to-point encryption in a communication system
US8489949B2 (en) 2003-08-05 2013-07-16 Qualcomm Incorporated Combining grant, acknowledgement, and rate control commands
US7292873B2 (en) * 2003-08-07 2007-11-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for regulating base station ACK/NAK message transmit power in a wireless communication system
US7352725B2 (en) * 2003-08-21 2008-04-01 Nokia Corporation Communication method and arrangement in a code division multiple access (CDMA) radio system
CN103873207A (zh) * 2003-09-29 2014-06-18 西门子企业通讯有限责任两合公司 改善经空中接口的语音传输质量的方法
US7746800B2 (en) * 2003-11-21 2010-06-29 Nokia Corporation Flexible rate split method for MIMO transmission
SE0303590D0 (sv) * 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method and arrangement for ARQ in packet data transmission
KR100818771B1 (ko) 2004-02-07 2008-04-02 포스데이타 주식회사 자동 재송 요구방식을 이용하는 멀티캐리어 통신 시스템을위한 통신 방법 및 통신 장치
GB2412038B (en) * 2004-03-10 2006-04-19 Toshiba Res Europ Ltd Packet format
ATE418822T1 (de) * 2004-04-01 2009-01-15 Panasonic Corp Interferenzverminderung bei wiederholungsübertragungen im aufwärtskanal
JP4488810B2 (ja) * 2004-06-30 2010-06-23 富士通株式会社 通信システム及び受信方法
KR101165379B1 (ko) * 2004-07-15 2012-07-17 삼성전자주식회사 수신 성능이 향상된 지상파 디지털 방송 송수신 시스템 및그의 신호처리방법
KR100898524B1 (ko) * 2004-08-02 2009-05-20 노키아 코포레이션 전송 블록 다이버시티 송신 기능을 가지는 외루프 전력제어
US20060034316A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-16 Jeyhan Karaoguz Energy based information transfer methodology
EP1655878A1 (fr) 2004-11-03 2006-05-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procédé et structure de transmetteur pour la réduction d'ambiguité à réarrangement de répétition dans le domain symbole
WO2006048090A1 (fr) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. Procede de diminution de niveaux d'ambiguite de symboles transmis
WO2006048061A1 (fr) 2004-11-03 2006-05-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procede et structure de transmission permettant de supprimer l'ambiguite sur les phases au moyen d'un rearrangement de repetition
US8248938B2 (en) * 2004-11-24 2012-08-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Preamble miss detection in transmission of multi-slot packets
US8661322B2 (en) * 2004-12-22 2014-02-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Apparatus and method for selective response to incremental redundancy transmissions
PL2363987T3 (pl) 2004-12-23 2014-03-31 Electronics & Telecommunications Res Inst Urządzenie do nadawania i odbierania danych do zapewnienia szybkiej komunikacji danych oraz stosowny sposób
JP4403974B2 (ja) * 2005-01-21 2010-01-27 株式会社日立製作所 適応変調方法並びに符号化率制御方法
US20060280159A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Hao Bi Method and apparatus for voice communication
US7865158B2 (en) * 2005-07-26 2011-01-04 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for automatically correcting receiver oscillator frequency
EP1770896A1 (fr) 2005-09-28 2007-04-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procédé, dispositif et système pour détecter des erreurs et retransmission sélective
US7827459B1 (en) * 2006-01-10 2010-11-02 University Of Maryland, College Park Communications protocol
US7650560B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2010-01-19 Panasonic Corporation Packet transmission apparatus and method using optimized punctured convolution codes
US8565216B2 (en) 2006-06-07 2013-10-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus for supporting tunneling related to wireless uplink signaling flows
US8565217B2 (en) 2006-06-07 2013-10-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus for supporting tunneling related to wireless downlink signaling flows
US20080031250A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Mehta Neelesh B Energy accumulation in destination nodes of wireless relay networks
US8230288B2 (en) * 2006-10-18 2012-07-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Data transmission apparatus and method for applying an appropriate coding rate
CN101682558B (zh) 2006-12-07 2013-07-17 Lg电子株式会社 在无线通信系统中传递数据的方法
WO2008085811A2 (fr) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-17 Interdigital Technology Corporation Procédé et appareil de transmission de demande de répétition automatique hybride
KR101414630B1 (ko) * 2007-01-09 2014-07-03 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 통신 시스템에서의 데이터 전송 및 수신 방법
KR101211758B1 (ko) 2007-01-10 2012-12-12 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 통신 시스템의 블록 데이터 생성 방법
FR2918832A1 (fr) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-16 Canon Kk Procedes de transmission de donnees par des noeuds relais dans un reseau de communication synchrone, procede de reception, produit programme d'ordinateur, moyen de stockage et noeuds correspondants.
US7876862B2 (en) * 2007-07-16 2011-01-25 Agere Systems Inc. Conditionally input saturated Viterbi detector
US8467367B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2013-06-18 Qualcomm Incorporated Multiplexing and transmission of traffic data and control information in a wireless communication system
US8386892B1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2013-02-26 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Partial packet recovery for wireless networks
JP2009200927A (ja) * 2008-02-22 2009-09-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 誤り訂正復号装置
US8102950B2 (en) * 2008-02-22 2012-01-24 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for efficient multi-symbol detection
US8005114B2 (en) * 2008-09-08 2011-08-23 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method and apparatus to vary the transmission bit rate within individual wireless packets through multi-rate packetization
KR101003696B1 (ko) * 2008-10-17 2010-12-24 숭실대학교산학협력단 무선 통신에서의 재전송에 의한 오버헤드를 줄이기 위한 패킷의 인코딩 및 디코딩을 이용한 패킷 전송 방법
WO2010087292A1 (fr) * 2009-01-27 2010-08-05 三菱電機株式会社 Appareil émetteur, appareil émetteur-récepteur, système et procédé de communication
US8458548B2 (en) * 2009-12-22 2013-06-04 Intel Corporation Adaptive H-ARQ using outage capacity optimization
US8943379B2 (en) * 2009-12-26 2015-01-27 Intel Corporation Retry based protocol with source/receiver FIFO recovery and anti-starvation mechanism to support dynamic pipeline lengthening for ECC error correction
JP2011234282A (ja) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-17 Sharp Corp 通信システム、送信装置、受信装置、プログラム、及びプロセッサ
US8723651B2 (en) * 2010-07-01 2014-05-13 Intelleflex Corporation Variable rate preamble detection using ratiometric methods
CN102571263B (zh) * 2010-12-24 2015-04-22 中国移动通信集团公司 一种解码方法和装置
US9081684B2 (en) * 2013-08-28 2015-07-14 Landis+Gyr Technologies, Llc Data recovery of data symbols received in error
WO2016050402A1 (fr) * 2014-09-29 2016-04-07 Sony Corporation Dispositif et procédés de communication
WO2017205319A1 (fr) 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 Astrapi Corporation Procédé de compression de largeur de bande de forme d'onde
EP3345359A4 (fr) 2015-09-02 2019-04-17 Astrapi Corporation Multiplexage par division polynomiale en spirale
US11824694B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2023-11-21 Astrapi Corporation Systems, devices, and methods employing instantaneous spectral analysis in the transmission of signals
US9525462B1 (en) 2015-12-04 2016-12-20 Landis+Gyr Technologies, Llc Data recovery of data symbols
CN106899390B (zh) * 2015-12-21 2020-04-28 华为技术有限公司 基于harq传输的方法、装置及系统
US10554334B2 (en) 2017-10-17 2020-02-04 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Nominally unguaranteed error-detection codes for sub-data packets
US10848364B2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2020-11-24 Astrapi Corporation Devices, systems, and methods employing polynomial symbol waveforms
US11184201B2 (en) 2019-05-15 2021-11-23 Astrapi Corporation Communication devices, systems, software and methods employing symbol waveform hopping
US11916679B2 (en) * 2019-09-11 2024-02-27 Silicon Laboratories Inc. Apparatus and method to reduce spectral peaks in Bluetooth communications

Family Cites Families (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3605091A (en) * 1969-09-18 1971-09-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Feedback error control arrangement
US3646518A (en) * 1970-05-05 1972-02-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Feedback error control system
US3868633A (en) 1973-12-17 1975-02-25 Us Navy Block coded communication system
US4422171A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-12-20 Allied Corporation, Law Department Method and system for data communication
GB2180127B (en) * 1985-09-04 1989-08-23 Philips Electronic Associated Method of data communication
US4901307A (en) * 1986-10-17 1990-02-13 Qualcomm, Inc. Spread spectrum multiple access communication system using satellite or terrestrial repeaters
US5367518A (en) * 1987-10-15 1994-11-22 Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. Self-routing switching element and fast packet switch
US5222085A (en) * 1987-10-15 1993-06-22 Peter Newman Self-routing switching element and fast packet switch
JP2654042B2 (ja) * 1987-12-26 1997-09-17 株式会社日立製作所 軟判定復号方法
JPH01300732A (ja) * 1988-05-30 1989-12-05 Toshiba Corp 再送要求方式
US5396491A (en) * 1988-10-14 1995-03-07 Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. Self-routing switching element and fast packet switch
DE3932061C1 (fr) 1989-09-26 1991-02-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De
US5109390A (en) * 1989-11-07 1992-04-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Diversity receiver in a cdma cellular telephone system
US5038341A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-08-06 Hughes Aircraft Company Relay communication system
US5084900A (en) * 1989-12-21 1992-01-28 Gte Spacenet Corporation Spread spectrum system with random code retransmission
US5089700A (en) * 1990-01-30 1992-02-18 Amdata, Inc. Apparatus for infrared imaging inspections
JP2689178B2 (ja) * 1990-06-06 1997-12-10 富士写真フイルム株式会社 光導波路素子
US5511073A (en) * 1990-06-25 1996-04-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for the formatting of data for transmission
US5103459B1 (en) * 1990-06-25 1999-07-06 Qualcomm Inc System and method for generating signal waveforms in a cdma cellular telephone system
EP0473869A1 (fr) * 1990-08-28 1992-03-11 Landis & Gyr Business Support AG Procédé de réémission automatique d'un message reçu avec erreurs
US5087900A (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-02-11 Reliability Incorporated Transmission line network for multiple capacitive loads
GB2264846B (en) * 1991-09-20 1995-11-15 Motorola Inc Extended error correction of a transmitted data message
JPH05110542A (ja) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-30 Nec Corp データ伝送方式
ZA938324B (en) 1992-11-24 1994-06-07 Qualcomm Inc Pilot carrier dot product circuit
DE4241618C2 (de) * 1992-12-10 1994-10-06 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Verfahren zur Übertragung und Sicherung von Daten auf gestörten Kanälen
JP2967897B2 (ja) * 1993-07-22 1999-10-25 エヌ・ティ・ティ移動通信網株式会社 自動再送要求データ伝送方法
JPH07336260A (ja) * 1994-06-08 1995-12-22 Nec Corp 消費電力低減回路
US5487068A (en) * 1994-07-29 1996-01-23 Motorola, Inc. Method for providing error correction using selective automatic repeat requests in a packet-switched communication system
US5614914A (en) * 1994-09-06 1997-03-25 Interdigital Technology Corporation Wireless telephone distribution system with time and space diversity transmission for determining receiver location
JPH08237735A (ja) * 1995-02-24 1996-09-13 Toshiba Corp 移動通信システムおよびこのシステムで使用される無線通信装置並びに無線データ伝送方法
US5657325A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-08-12 Lucent Technologies Inc. Transmitter and method for transmitting information packets with incremental redundancy
US5841768A (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-11-24 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method of controlling initial power ramp-up in CDMA systems by using short codes
FR2737627B1 (fr) 1995-08-02 1997-10-03 Europ Agence Spatiale Systeme de transmission de signaux radioelectriques via un satellite de communication geostationnaire, notamment pour des communications avec des terminaux mobiles portables
US5734643A (en) * 1995-10-23 1998-03-31 Ericsson Inc. Method and apparatus for transmitting data over a radio communications network
ATE221710T1 (de) * 1995-10-23 2002-08-15 Nokia Corp Verfahren zur paketdatenübertragung mit hybridem fec/arq-type-ii-verfahren
US5828677A (en) * 1996-03-20 1998-10-27 Lucent Technologies Inc. Adaptive hybrid ARQ coding schemes for slow fading channels in mobile radio systems
US5968197A (en) * 1996-04-01 1999-10-19 Ericsson Inc. Method and apparatus for data recovery
US5930230A (en) * 1996-05-28 1999-07-27 Qualcomm Incorporated High data rate CDMA wireless communication system
DE19630343B4 (de) 1996-07-26 2004-08-26 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Verfahren und Paket-Übertragungssystem unter Verwendung einer Fehlerkorrektur von Datenpaketen
US5903554A (en) * 1996-09-27 1999-05-11 Qualcomm Incorporation Method and apparatus for measuring link quality in a spread spectrum communication system
US5745502A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-04-28 Ericsson, Inc. Error detection scheme for ARQ systems
US5983382A (en) * 1996-12-31 1999-11-09 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Automatic retransmission query (ARQ) with inner code for generating multiple provisional decodings of a data packet
US5954839A (en) * 1997-01-14 1999-09-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Error protection method for multimedia data
US6189123B1 (en) * 1997-03-26 2001-02-13 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Method and apparatus for communicating a block of digital information between a sending and a receiving station
US5983384A (en) * 1997-04-21 1999-11-09 General Electric Company Turbo-coding with staged data transmission and processing
US6396867B1 (en) * 1997-04-25 2002-05-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for forward link power control
FI103540B1 (fi) * 1997-04-28 1999-07-15 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Menetelmä pakettikytkentäisen datan siirtoon matkapuhelinjärjestelmässä
FI103541B (fi) * 1997-04-28 1999-07-15 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Menetelmä pakettikytkentäisen datan siirtoon matkapuhelinjärjestelmäss ä
US6285655B1 (en) * 1997-09-08 2001-09-04 Qualcomm Inc. Method and apparatus for providing orthogonal spot beams, sectors, and picocells
US6101168A (en) 1997-11-13 2000-08-08 Qualcomm Inc. Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
TW371108U (en) * 1998-04-21 1999-09-21 United Semiconductor Corp Defected chip detecting tool
US6359877B1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2002-03-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for minimizing overhead in a communication system
JP4245828B2 (ja) 2001-05-31 2009-04-02 オリンパス株式会社 レンズの貼付装置及び貼付方法
WO2007106765A2 (fr) 2006-03-11 2007-09-20 Xigo Nanotools Llc Analyseur de dispersions rmn a impulsions a champ faible compact et portable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2006254490A (ja) 2006-09-21
JP2009112016A (ja) 2009-05-21
FI20060721A (fi) 2006-08-10
IL136065A0 (en) 2001-05-20
CN100525169C (zh) 2009-08-05
EP1033005A1 (fr) 2000-09-06
FI124189B (fi) 2014-04-30
FI20060720A (fi) 2006-08-10
EP1499057A1 (fr) 2005-01-19
EP1592162A3 (fr) 2006-11-15
FI124188B (fi) 2014-04-30
ID26621A (id) 2001-01-25
HK1086129A1 (en) 2006-09-08
AU1403599A (en) 1999-06-07
JP4242063B2 (ja) 2009-03-18
IL136065A (en) 2005-12-18
US20120131406A1 (en) 2012-05-24
US8438447B2 (en) 2013-05-07
CA2309932A1 (fr) 1999-05-27
FI20051261A (fi) 2005-12-07
NO20002484D0 (no) 2000-05-12
HK1074544A1 (en) 2005-11-11
JP5074355B2 (ja) 2012-11-14
WO1999026371A1 (fr) 1999-05-27
NO334851B1 (no) 2014-06-16
RU2000114892A (ru) 2002-06-10
US20040010744A1 (en) 2004-01-15
KR20060036120A (ko) 2006-04-27
US6101168A (en) 2000-08-08
CN1937476B (zh) 2013-06-12
HK1100151A1 (en) 2007-09-07
NO20002484L (no) 2000-07-11
EP1720278A1 (fr) 2006-11-08
DE69835447D1 (de) 2006-09-14
FI20001071A (fi) 2000-07-11
JP2001523918A (ja) 2001-11-27
KR100601065B1 (ko) 2006-07-19
JP4298719B2 (ja) 2009-07-22
FI117842B (fi) 2007-03-15
CN1607760A (zh) 2005-04-20
NO20110666L (no) 2000-07-11
CA2309932C (fr) 2006-11-21
US20050050432A1 (en) 2005-03-03
DE69835447T2 (de) 2007-02-15
KR20060103284A (ko) 2006-09-28
CN1278973A (zh) 2001-01-03
NO330887B1 (no) 2011-08-08
HK1100196A1 (en) 2007-09-07
DE69834964D1 (de) 2006-07-27
DE69842145D1 (de) 2011-04-07
DE69834964T2 (de) 2007-01-25
AU767672B2 (en) 2003-11-20
IL164827A (en) 2010-11-30
KR100697578B1 (ko) 2007-03-22
KR20010031941A (ko) 2001-04-16
HK1032163A1 (en) 2001-07-06
US7024611B2 (en) 2006-04-04
EP1720278B1 (fr) 2013-07-03
CN1178422C (zh) 2004-12-01
EP1592162A2 (fr) 2005-11-02
CN1937476A (zh) 2007-03-28
NO334439B1 (no) 2014-03-03
KR100752086B1 (ko) 2007-08-28
EP1499057B1 (fr) 2006-06-14
TW576050B (en) 2004-02-11
FI124241B (fi) 2014-05-15
EP1592162B1 (fr) 2011-02-23
BR9814863A (pt) 2000-10-03
EP1033005B1 (fr) 2006-08-02
NO20110662L (no) 2000-07-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
HK1100151A1 (en) Method and apparatus for time efficient retransmission using symbol accumulation
HUP0104541A3 (en) Labeling apparatus and method
GB2333805B (en) Cleaning method and apparatus
SG75851A1 (en) Sheet removing apparatus and method
SG77207A1 (en) Cleaning method and apparatus
EP1131961A4 (fr) Procede et appareil de lancement d'une temporisation d'accuse de reception
GB9803183D0 (en) Apparatus and method
EP1075751A4 (fr) Procede et appareil de modulation
GB9811425D0 (en) Apparatus and method
GB9919611D0 (en) Apparatus and method
GB9722305D0 (en) Method and apparatus
GB2326428B (en) Apparatus and method
GB9822769D0 (en) Method and apparatus
EP1098314A4 (fr) Procede et dispositif de decodage
GB2332920B (en) Perforating apparatus and method
GB9929737D0 (en) Method and apparatus
GB9804246D0 (en) Electropermeabilisation method and apparatus
GB9805269D0 (en) Method and apparatus
GB9807632D0 (en) Printing apparatus and method
GB9802137D0 (en) Cleasing apparatus and method
GB9820215D0 (en) A method and an apparatus
GB9826023D0 (en) Apparatus and method
GB9815240D0 (en) Apparatus and method
GB9827357D0 (en) Method and apparatus
GB9825680D0 (en) Apparatus and method