HUE026063T2 - Method for supplying combustion air in vertical waste incinerator, and vertical waste incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a method for supplying combustion air in a vertical incinerator, and the vertical incinerator in which waste is charged in a sequence into a vertical furnace so as to com bust the waste while the combustion air is supplied to deposit layers formed by the waste charged into the furnace, and incineration ash that results after completion of the combustion is discharged in a sequence from a bottom portion of the furnace to outside of the furnace so as to implement incineration treatment for the waste.

Background Art [0002] Waste such as industrial waste, general waste includes various characteristics, such as a solid, a liquid, and a viscous body, and flammable materials, nonflammable materials, and incombustible materials are mixed, variation in characteristics of wastes is great. In particular, industrial waste associated with medical services includes a large quantity of high moisture waste such as a paper diaper in addition to meltable glass and disposable plastic containers having a high calorific value. Further, it is necessary to dispose sharp-edged materials such as an injection needle, and infectious waste that are packed in a specific package, which makes it difficult to implement pre-treatment to homogenize the characteristics of wastes by agitating and the like.

[0003] When the incineration treatment of the waste in which there is great variation in characteristics of wastes is implemented, it is difficult to maintain a stable combustion condition. Also, the local temperature rise is likely to occur due to combustion of flammable materials having a high calorific value, and fused incombustible materials are adhered to the walls of the furnace so as to form a clinker. There occurs a problem in that the progressed, enlarged clinker causes a hindrance at the time of incineration and incineration ash discharge.

[0004] There have been generally used furnaces including a method of combusting waste while rotating or agitating the waste, such as a rotary kiln type, an inclined rotary hearth type, a horizontal rotary hearth type equipped with an agitating means, in order to implement the incineration treatment of the waste having great variation in characteristics of wastes. However, in these methods, the deposition thickness of the waste in the furnaces becomes thin, so that it is more likely to generate so-called combustion irregularity in which only flammable materials such as paper, plastic, are incinerated first, nonflammable materials are remained. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase hearth areas in order to ensure a combustion time for nonflammable materials and prevent the decrease of the life of refractory materials due to a blow-by and, which causes a problem in that installation areas are increased.

[0005] Incidentally, these days, there has been developed a vertical incinerator to implement the incineration treatment in such a manner that the waste disposed at the lower portion ofa vertical furnace is thickly deposited, and the deposited waste are combusted, gas generated through the combustion is combusted at an upper portion of the furnace (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0006] That is, the conventional vertical incinerator shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is such that an incineration method is adopted, wherein the installation area is reduced by making its furnace vertical, and waste disposed at the lower portion in the vertical furnace is thickly deposited so as to ensure the deposition thickness of waste, and during the incineration treatment, the deposited waste is piled up in the order of "refining layer", "combustion layer", and "ash layer" from the top thereof and combusted while the combustion condition is controlled, and gaseous flammable materials generated by the combustion are re-combusted at the upper portion of the furnace.

[0007] Incidentally, "the refining layer" is a layer mainly to dry the characteristics of wastes so as to homogenize the waste to be charged. "The combustion layer" is a layer to combust the waste while ensuring a plenty of combustion time. "The ash layer" is a layer to combust remaining unburned materials and deposit incineration ash that results after completion of the combustion.

Related Art Documents

Patent Documents [0008] Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 4-158110.

[0009] Patent Document2: Japanese Examined Utility Model Registration Publication No. 5-31383. Document WO 2010022741 discloses an incinerator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention [0010] However, with respect to the conventional vertical incinerator shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, there has been the case where many of flammable materials included in the waste charged at the time of waste injection are immediately combusted in the refining layer, and the temperature in the furnace instantaneously rises, which makes the combustion condition unstable.

[0011] When many of flammable materials are combusted in the refining layer, the content of the flammable materials having a high calorific value is reduced in the waste that transfers to the combustion layer and a percentage of the nonflammable materials is relatively increased. This phenomenon reduces combustion calorie in the combustion layer and causes an increase in ignition loss of the incineration ash.

[0012] The present invention has been achieved in view of the above circumstances to solve the technical problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for supplying combustion air in a new vertical incinerator, and the vertical incinerator that maintain a stable combustion condition and possibly accomplish the reduction of ignition loss.

Means of Solving the Problems [0013] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for supplying combustion air in a vertical incinerator (hereinafter referred to as "a method of the present invention") may be a method for supplying combustion air in a vertical incinerator in which waste is charged in a sequence into a vertical furnace so as to combust the waste while the combustion air is supplied to deposit layers that are formed by the waste charged into the furnace, and incineration treatmentfor the waste is implemented by sequentially discharging incineration ash that results after completion of the combustion from a bottom portion to outside of the furnace.

[0014] That is, the method of the present invention targets an incinerator based on the technical concept that the incineration treatment is implemented in such a manner that waste is deposited at the bottom portion of the furnace while the combustion air is supplied to the deposit layers formed by the deposited waste. In particular, other additional structure is not limited as long as the incinerator is based on the technical concept.

[0015] The method of the present invention is characterized most in that during the incineration treatment, the supplied amount of the combustion air is controlled in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as a theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers, and the combustion air is supplied in such a manner as to reduce oxygen from a lower portion to an upper portion of the deposit layers.

[0016] Incidentally, "theoretical air amount" means the necessary amount of air to completely combust a combustion object.

[0017] In an ordinary incinerator, the supplied amount of the combustion air is determined in accordance with the quantity of waste charged into a furnace per unit time, a calorific value, and the like, but the combustion air is supplied with some surplus with respect to the theoretical air amount in order to completely combust the charged waste. However, when a surplus amount of air, which is more than necessary, is supplied, there is the case where a temperature in the furnace decreases. Accordingly, the combustion airthat is about 1.1 to 1.4 times as much as the theoretical air amount is commonly supplied in the ordinary incinerator [0018] Also, a conventional vertical incinerator is often configured such that waste deposited at the lower portion of the furnace is combusted, and gaseous flammable materials generated through the combustion are re-combusted at the upper portion of the furnace. The amount of combustion air supplied to the deposit layers formed by the deposited waste is usually about 0.8 to 1.3 times as much as the theoretical air amount.

[0019] However, when incineration treatmentforwaste in which flammable materials and nonflammable materials are mixed is implemented in the vertical incinerator, and the combustion air that is about 0.8 to 1.3 times as much as the theoretical air amount is supplied to the deposit layers, there has been the case where flammable materials in the waste charged, in particular, at the time of waste injection, are instantaneously, immediately combusted due to the sufficient amount of oxygen left in the upper portion of the deposit layers so as to make the combustion condition unstable.

[0020] Accordingly, the inventors have thoroughly examined the vertical incinerator of this type in order to maintain the stable combustion condition and has obtained the knowledge that the supplied amount of the combustion air is controlled in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, and the combustion air is supplied in such a manner as to reduce oxygen in the combustion air from a lower portion to an upper portion of the deposit layers, and accordingly, in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, unburned materials in the incineration ash (ash layer) existed in the bottom portion of the furnace and waste in a layer at the time of combustion (combustion layer) existed on the incineration ash are aerobically combusted so as to consume the oxygen in the deposit layers, and there is formed, above the combustion layer, a char layer (reduction layer) in which the pyrolysis (reduction) of waste is facilitated under a high temperature in the substantially absence of oxygen where oxygen is hardly supplied.

[0021] There has been obtained the knowledge that when the char layer in the substantially absence of oxygen is formed above the combustion layer in the deposit layers, an instantaneous temperature rise, which is caused by immediate combustion of flammable materials in a layer (refining layer) above the char layer, is restrained, and combustion condition becomes greatly stable.

[0022] Also, there has been obtained the knowledge that the flammable materials having a high calorific value are not immediately combusted in the refining layer but transferred from the refining layer to the char layer, and then from the char layer to the combustion layer while a large amount of the flammable materials is contained in the waste, so that combustion calorie in the combustion layer is kept.

[0023] Furthermore, the char layer receives heat generated from the combustion layer so as to be in a high temperature state. Accordingly, in the char layer, the waste is exposed in the high temperature in a state where oxygen is insufficient for a relatively long period of time to implement suppressed combustion, so that the nonflammable materials in the waste sufficiently pyrolyzed. As a result, there has been obtained the knowledge that homogeneous incineration treatment of the waste is facilitated, and the combustion calorie in the combustion layer is maintained, so that the remaining of unburned materials in the incineration ash discharged in the end is remarkably minimized so as to greatly reduce ignition loss.

[0024] When the supplied amount of combustion air is 0.3 times less than the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers, the combustion layer in the deposit layers is not sufficiently formed due to the low amount of the combustion air. On the other hand, when the supplied amount of combustion air is 0.7 times higher than the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers, the char layer in the deposit layers is not sufficiently formed due to the too much amount of the combustion air. Accordingly, in the method of the present invention, the supplied amount of combustion air is set in a range of from 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers. It is preferable that the supplied amount of combustion air be set in a range of 0.4 to 0.6 times as much as the theoretical air amount.

[0025] Incidentally, in the conventional vertical incinerator, there have been disposed a plurality of air intake nozzles along the upper-and-lower direction of a wall of the furnace in order to supply the combustion air to the deposit layers, which allows the combustion air to be supplied from a plurality of portions.

[0026] However, in the method of the present invention, it is necessary to gradually reduce the density of oxygen from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers formed by the waste charged into the furnace and positively form the char layer in the substantially absence of oxygen on the combustion layer in the deposit layers. Accordingly it is not preferable that a large amount of combustion air be supplied to positions that correspond with the range of from a middle portion to the upper portion in the deposit layers.

[0027] That is, it is extremely difficult to form the stable char layer on the combustion layer in the deposit layers just in the way that the combustion air supplied to the deposit layers is merely 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment.

[0028] In view of this point, in the method of the present invention, the supplied amount of the combustion air is controlled in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, and the combustion air is supplied in such a manner as to reduce oxygen from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers, so that the char layer in the substantially absence of oxygen is stably formed on the combustion layer in the deposit layers.

[0029] When the combustion air is supplied in such a manner as to reduce oxygen in the combustion air from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers, it is necessary to supply a large percentage of the total amount of combustion air supplied to the deposit layers from the lower portion (preferably, bottom portion) of the deposit layers. More specifically, it is preferable that 60 percent or more of the total amount of combustion air supplied to the deposit layers be supplied from the lower portion of the deposit layers, or more preferably, 70 percent or more of the total amount be supplied, and further more preferably, 90 percent or more of the total amount be supplied.

[0030] That is, in the method of the present invention, it is preferable that most of the combustion air supplied to the deposit layers be supplied from the lower portion of the deposit layers. Accordingly, in the method of the present invention, it is preferable that the combustion air be supplied only from the lower portion of the deposit layers.

[0031] Subsequently, a vertical incinerator of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "the incinerator of the present invention") will be described. The aforementioned description regarding the method of the present invention is also applied to the incinerator of the present invention. Therefore, the description will be omitted to avoid repetition.

[0032] The incinerator of the present invention may be characterized in that waste is charged in a sequence into a vertical furnace so as to combust the waste while the combustion air is supplied to deposit layers that are formed by the waste charged into the furnace, and incineration treatment for the waste is implemented by sequentially discharging incineration ash that results after completion of the combustion from an incineration ash discharge plate disposed on a bottom portion of the furnace to outside of the furnace, the vertical incinerator includes a plurality of air blow holes configured to supply the combustion airfrom a bottom portion of deposit layers to the incineration ash discharge plate, wherein the combustion air is supplied from the air blow holes during the incineration treatment, and furthers control mechanism configured to control supplied amount of the combustion air in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as a theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers.

[0033] It is noted that the air blow holes provided in the incineration ash discharge plate are not limited to one portion but may separately be arranged at a plurality of portions.

Effects of the Invention [0034] It is expected that the method of the present invention and the incinerator of the present invention, which include the above-mentioned configuration, keep the stable combustion condition in the vertical incinerator and further reduce the ignition loss.

[0035] That is, with respect to the method of the present invention and the incinerator of the present invention, the supplied amount of combustion air is controlled in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, and the combustion air is supplied in such a manner as to reduce oxygen from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers, so that the char layer in the substantially absence of oxygen is formed in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, and the flammable materials in the refining layer existed above the char layer are immediately combusted so as to restrain an instantaneous temperature increase, which makes the combustion condition stable greatly.

[0036] Also, the flammable materials having a high calorific value are not immediately combusted in the refining layer but transferred from the refining layer to the char layer, and then from the char layer to the combustion layer while a large amount of the flammable materials is contained in the waste, so that combustion calorie in the combustion layer is kept.

[0037] Furthermore, the char layer receives heat generated from the combustion layer so as to be in a high temperature state. Accordingly, in the char layer, the waste is exposed in the high temperature in a state where oxygen is insufficient for a relatively long period of time while containing the flammable materials having a high calorific value to implement the suppressed combustion, so that the nonflammable materials in the combustion layer are sufficiently pyrolyzed. As a result, the homogeneous incineration treatment of the waste is facilitated, and the combustion calorie in the combustion layer is kept, so that the remaining of unburned materials in the incineration ash discharged in the end of the process is remarkably minimized so as to greatly reduce ignition loss.

Brief Description of the Drawings [0038] [FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a vertical incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 is a plane view of an incineration ash discharge plate of the vertical incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 3] FIGs. 3(a) to 3(f) are explanatory diagrams to explain a combustion condition in deposit layers with respect to the vertical incinerator in which a supplied amount of combustion air is 0.8 to 1.3 times as much as a theoretical air amount.

[FIG. 4] FIGs. 4(a) to 4(f) are explanatory diagrams to explain the combustion condition in the deposit layers with respect to the vertical incinerator in which the supplied amount of combustion air is 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount.

Modes for Carrying out the Invention [0039] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described referring to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the present embodiments.

[0040] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a vertical incinerator. In FIG. 1, the vertical incinerator 1 includes a furnace 2 made up of a cylindrical portion 21 and a funnel portion 22 that is continuously contacted with a lower portion of the cylindrical portion 21, and an incineration ash discharge mechanism 3 disposed at a bottom portion of the furnace 2. Furthermore, a secondary combustion chamber 5 placed on an upper portion of thefurnace 2 via an exhaust gas mixing means 4 is provided for the vertical incinerator 1.

[0041] The furnace 2 is made up of a steel casing (not shown) that is constituted of the / covering of the furnace 2, an upper refractory material 23 on the inner side (disposed in the cylindrical portion 21), and a lower refractory material 24 (disposed in thefunnel portion 22). A charging chute 6 that charges waste R into a furnace and includes a sealing mechanism such as a double damper provided on the side surface of the furnace 2. Also, on the side surface of the furnace 2, there are provided a plurality of secondary combustion air blow holes 25 that arc used for re-combustion of a gaseous flammable materiale that is generated by combusting deposit layers. Secondary combustion air b having a normal temperature issupplied from the secondary combustion air blow holes 25 to the cylindrical portion 21 via a forced draft fan 26.

[0042] The funnel portion 22 to stack the charged waste R in a layer is formed in a funnel shape to be squeezed. A water cooling jacket 8 to cool the lower refractory material 24 with cooling water passing through its inside is provided across the entire circumferential surface of the lower refractory material 24 disposed in the funnel portion 22. The waste R charged into the furnace forms deposit layers in the funnel portion 22.

[0043] The incineration ash discharge mechanism 3 is provided at a lower portion of the funnel portion 22 and includes a pair of retractable waste supporting means 31 that are opposite to each other and disposed on the upper side of the mechanism 3, an incineration ash discharge plate 32 that is openable and closable, disposed on the lower side of the mechanism 3, an ash discharger 33, and a drive mechanism for these components which is not shown in the figure.

[0044] The waste supporting means 31 are usually positioned in a retracted state where the waste supporting means 31 are retracted from the inside of the furnace 2. When incineration ash A is discharged after completion of incineration, the waste supporting means 31 are projected into the furnace 2 (shown in a dot-dash line in the diagram) and support the weight of the deposit layers disposed above the waste supporting means 31. Incinerated ash A disposed below the waste supporting means 31 is discharged into an ash discharger 33 disposed at a lower portion of the incineration ash discharge mechanism 3 in accordance with the rotation of the incineration ash discharge plate 32 (shown in the dashed dotted line in the diagram).

[0045] As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of air blow holes 28 (28a and 28b) are perforated in a radial pattern in the incineration ash discharge plate 32. In the present embodiment, in the case where the air blow holes 28 are perforated in the radial pattern in the incineration ash discharge plate 32, a plurality of air blow holes 28a having a diameter of about 35 to 45 mm are provided in the vicinity of the center of the incineration ash discharge plate 32, and a plurality of air blow holes 27a having a diameter of about 25 to 35 mm are provided in the periphery of the air blow holes 28a. That is, the air blow holes 28a having a relatively large diameter are provided in the vicinity of the center of the incineration ash discharge plate 32, so that a large amount of combustion air a is supplied to the vicinity of the center of the bottom portion of the deposit layers.

[0046] The combustion air a transmitted from a combustion air supply pipe 7 is supplied to the deposit layers through the air blow holes 28. The combustion air a is heated by a high-temperature air preheater 52 provided in the secondary combustion chamber 5 and supplied via a forced draft fan 27. On the path of the combustion air supply pipe 7, there are provided a flow meter F to monitor the flow mount of the combustion air a and an opening and closing valve (damper) D to change the supplied amount of the combustion air a. The supplied amount of the combustion air a according to the present invention is controlled in such a manner as to increase the supplied amount of the combustion air a by opening the opening and closing valve D in the case when a transmission load of the combustion air a is augmented due to an increase in deposition thickness of the deposit layers so as to reduce the flow amount of the combustion air a. In contrast, when the deposition thickness of the waste R decreases so as to reduce the transmission load of the combustion air a, and the flow amount of the combustion air a increases, it is controlled in such a manner as to decrease the supplied amount of the combustion air a by narrowing down the opening and closing valve D.

[0047] The high-temperature gaseous flammable materials e generated by the combustion of the deposit layers are varied into combustion gas w by heat added by a secondary combustion burner 50, and secondary combustion air b having a normal temperature, which is supplied from a secondary combustion air blow hole 25. The combustion gas w is let into the secondary combustion chamber 5 via the exhaust gas mixing means 4 and varied into re-combustion gas r in which the complete incineration of unreacted gas or suspended carbon particulate matters as well as the pyrolysis and combustion of organic compounds such as dioxin is implemented according to the heat added by a re-heating burner 51. Subsequently, the re-combustion gas r is transmitted to gas treatment equipment located outside furnace.

[0048] Next, a combustion condition of the deposit layers deposited at the lower portion of the furnace according to the vertical incinerator 1 of the above-described configuration will be described. <Combustion State in Case Where Supplied Amount of Combustion Air a Is 0.7 to 1.3 Times As Much As Theoretical Air Amount> [0049] At the beginning of operation, the waste R charged into the furnace 2 from the charging chute 6 is deposited on an ash layer z remained at the bottom portion of the funnel portion 22 and varied into a refining layer u so as to form deposit layers at the initial stage (see FIG. 3(a)). As to the deposit layers at the initial stage, the waste R in the refining layer u comes in contact with the high-temperature combustion air a heated through the ash layer z so as to be dried, starts the combustion of flammable materials firstwhile consuming oxygen, and forms a combustion layer y while holding embers along with nonflammable materials (see FIG. 3(b)).

[0050] When the supplied amount of the combustion air a is 0.7 to 1.3 times as much as the theoretical air amount, oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the upper portion of the deposit layers. Accordingly, the combustion layer y is gradually expanded over the upper portion of the refining layer u while consuming oxygen. Also, the incineration ash A in the combustion layer y in which the combustion has completed is deposited on the ash layer 2 (see FIG. 3(c)). A graph illustrated on the right side of the diagram shows a state where oxygen (remaining 02 amount) is consumed through the combustion from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers).

[0051] When a constant amount or more of the incineration ash A is deposited on the ash layer z, the waste supporting means 31 and the incineration ash discharge plate 32 are operated in a sequence so as to drop the incineration ash A below with respect to the waste supporting means 31 into the ash discharger 33 (see FIG. 3(d)).

[0052] After discharging the incineration ash A, the incineration ash discharge plate 32 is returned to the original position, and the waste supporting means 31 are displaced to the outside of the furnace 2. Accordingly, the remaining ash layer z, the combustion layer y, and the refining layer u that are disposed above the waste supporting means 31 are dropped in a sequence on the incineration ash discharge plate 32 (see FIG. 3(e)).

[0053] The air permeability of the ash layer z, the combustion layer y, and the refining layer u is improved by the impact at the time of the dropping. Also, a mass of incineration residue in the combustion layer y and the refining layer u disintegrates, so that air permeates the inside of the mass. Consequently, combustion is further facilitated by the remaining ember.

[0054] Subsequently, when the waste R is charged in a sequence from the charging chute 6, the waste R charged forms a new refining layer u. Also, the lower portion of the refining layer u starts the combustion by heat of the combustion layer y and the combustion air a so as to form a new combustion layer y. The incineration ash A in which the combustion has completed is deposited on the ash layer z (see FIG. 3(f)).

[0055] That is, during incineration treatment, when the supplied amount of the combustion air a supplied to the deposit layers is 0.7 to 1.3 times as much as the theoretical air amount, "refining layer u", "combustion layer y" and "ash layer z" in the order beginning at the top are formed, which provides a steady state, even though the position is transferred in accordance with its combustion condition in the deposit layers.

[0056] However, in the steady state, the refining layer u and the combustion layery are adjoined with each other, and oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the upper portion of the deposit layers. When the waste R is charged, there is the case where there occurs a phenomenon in which flammable materials in the refining layer u is instantaneously, immediately combusted, so as to make the combustion condition unstable. «Combustion State in Case Where the Supplied Amount of Combustion Air a Is 0.3 to 0.7 Times As Much As Theoretical Air Amount> [0057] At the beginning of operation, the waste R charged into the furnace 2 from the charging chute 6 is deposited on the ash layer z remained at the bottom portion of the funnel portion 22 and varied into the refining layer u so as to form the deposit layers at the initial stage (see FIG. 4(a)). As to the deposit layers at the initial stage, the waste R in the refining layer u comes in contact with the high-temperature combustion air a heated through the ash layer z so as to be dried, starts the combustion of flammable materials first while consuming oxygen, and forms the combustion layery while holding embers along with nonflammable materials (see FIG. 4(b)).

[0058] When the supplied amount of the combustion air a is 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount, the combustion layer y is gradually expanded over the refining layer u, but the expansion of the combustion layery stagnates upon depletion of oxygen in the combustion airas When the expansion of the combustion layer y stagnates, the refining layer u disposed on the combustion layery is exposed to heat of the combustion layer y with little oxygen left so as to form a char layer c in which the pyrolysis of the waste R is facilitated in a substantially absence of oxygen under a high temperature. Also, the incineration ash A in the combustion layer y in which the combustion has completed is deposited on the ash layer z (see FIG. 4(c). A graph illustrated on the right side of the diagram shows a state where oxygen (remaining 02 amount) is consumed through the combustion from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers.).

[0059] When a certain quantity or more of the incineration ash A is deposited on the ash layer z, the waste supporting means 31 and the incineration ash discharge plate 32 are operated in a sequence so as to drop the incineration ash A below with respect to the waste supporting means 31 into the ash discharger 33 (see FIG. 4(d)).

[0060] After discharging the incineration ash A, the incineration ash discharge plate 32 is returned to the original position, and the waste supporting means 31 are displaced to the outside of the furnace 2. Accordingly, the remaining ash layer z, the combustion layer y, the char layer c, and the refining layer u that are disposed above the waste supporting means 31 are dropped in a sequence on the incineration ash discharge plate 32 (see FIG. 4(e)).

[0061] The air permeability of the ash layerz, the combustion layery, the char layer c, and the refining layer u is improved by the impact at the time of the dropping. Also, a mass of incineration residue in the combustion layery, the char layer c, and the refining layer u disintegrates, so that air permeates the inside of the mass. Consequently, combustion isfurtherfacilitated by the remaining ember.

[0062] Subsequently, when the waste R is charged in a sequence from the charging chute 6, the waste R charged forms a new refining layer u. Also, the char layer c, to which the oxygen of combustion air a is supplied due to the dropping, begins to combust and turns into a new combustion layery. Furthermore, the lower portion of the refining layer u being in deficiency of oxygen is formed as a new char layer c. The incineration ash A in which the combustion has completed is deposited on the ash layer z (see FIG. 4(f)).

[0063] That is, during incineration treatment, when the supplied amount of the combustion air a supplied to the deposit layers is 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as the theoretical air amount, "refining layer u", "char layer c", "combustion layery" and "ash layerz" in the order beginning at the top are formed, which provides a steady condition, even though the positions of each layer are fluctuated in accordance with its combustion condition in the deposit layers.

[0064] Then, when the char layer c in the substantially absence of oxygen is formed between the refining layer u and the combustion layer y in the deposit layers, the phenomenon in which flammable materials in the refining layer u is instantaneously, immediately combusted is restrained, which makes the combustion condition stable greatly.

[0065] Also, the flammable materials in the refining layer u are not immediately combusted while a large amount of the flammable materials is contained in the waste R and transferred from the refining layer u to the char layer c, and continuously from the char layer c to the combustion layer y. Consequently, combustion calorie in the combustion layer y is kept.

[0066] Furthermore, in the char layer c, the waste R is exposed in a high temperature in a state of oxygen deficiency for a relatively long period of time while containing the flammable materials having a high calorific value to implement the suppressed combustion, so that nonflammable materials in the waste R are sufficiently pyrolyzed. As a result, homogeneous incineration treatment of the waste R is facilitated, and the combustion calorie in the combustion layer y is kept, so that the remaining of unburned materials in the incineration ash A discharged in the end is remarkably minimized so as to greatly reduce ignition loss.

Description of the Reference Numeral [0067] 1 Vertical incinerator 2 Furnace 3 Incineration ash discharge mechanism 4 Exhaust gas mixing means 5 Secondary combustion chamber 6 Charging chute 7 Combustion air supply pipe 8 Water cooling jacket 28 Air blow hole 32 Incineration ash discharge plate a Combustion air u Refined layer c Char layer y Combustion layer z Ash layer

Claims 1. A method for supplying combustion air in a vertical incinerator (1) in which waste (R) is charged in a sequence into a vertical furnace to combust the waste while the combustion air is supplied to deposit layers that are formed by the waste charged into the furnace, and incineration treatment for the waste is implemented by sequentially discharging incineration ash (A) that results after completion of the combustion from a bottom portion to outside of the furnace, the waste containing a mixture of flammable materials having a high calorific value and nonflammable materials, the method being characterized by comprising: controlling a supplied amount of the combustion air in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as a theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste (R) in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment by increasing the supplied amount of the combustion air in a case when a deposition thickness of the deposit layers is increased and reducing the supplied amount of the combustion air in a case when the deposition thickness of the deposit layers is decreased while supplying the combustion air in such a manner as to reduce oxygen in the combustion air from a lower portion to an upper portion of the deposit layers, so that in the deposit layers, an ash layer (z), a combustion layer (y), a char layer (c) and a refining layer (u) are formed in this sequence from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers, wherein the char layer (c) is formed on the combustion layer (y) aerobically combusted in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, and pyrolysis and drying of the waste (R) are facilitated in the char layer under a high temperature in a substantial absence of oxygen where oxygen is hardly supplied. 2. The method for supplying the combustion air in the vertical incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the combustion air is supplied only from the lower portion of the deposit layers. 3. A vertical incinerator (1) in which waste (R) is charged in a sequence into a vertical furnace to combust the waste while combustion air is supplied to deposit layers that are formed by the waste charged into the furnace, and incineration treatment for the waste is implemented by sequentially discharging incineration ash (A) that results after completion of the combustion from an incineration ash discharge plate (32) disposed on a bottom portion of thefurnace to outside of the furnace, the vertical incinerator (1) comprising: a plurality of air blow holes (28) configured to be provided in the incineration ash discharge plate (32): a combustion air supply pipe (7) configured to transmit the combustion airto a lower portion of the incineration ash discharge plate (32), so as to supply the combustion air to the bottom portion of the deposit layers through the plurality of air blow holes (28); a flow meter (F) configured to be provided in the combustion air supply pipe (7); and an opening and closing valve (D) configured to change a supplied amount of the combustion air and configured to be provided in the combustion air supply pipe (7); the waste containing a mixture of flammable materials having a high calorific value and nonflammable materials, the vertical incinerator (1) being characterized in that: the vertical incinerator (1) further comprises a control mechanism configured to control the supplied amount of the combustion air in such a manner as to be 0.3 to 0.7 times as much as a theoretical air amount that is necessary to completely combust the waste in the deposit layers, and during the incineration treatment, in such a manner as to increase the supplied amount of the combustion air by opening the opening and closing valve (D) in a case when a transmission load of the combustion air is augmented due to an increase in a deposition thickness of the deposit layers, and a flow amount of the combustion air is reduced, and in such a manner as to decrease the supplied amount of the combustion air by narrowing down the opening and closing valve and supplying the combustion air in such a manner as to reduce oxygen in the combustion airfrom a lower portion to an upper portion of the deposit layers in a case when the transmission load of the combustion air is decreased due to a decrease in the deposition thickness of the waste, and the flow amount of the combustion air is increased, wherein in the deposit layers during the incineration treatment, an ash layer (z), a combustion layer (y), a char layer (c), and a refining layer (u) are formed in this sequence from the lower portion to the upper portion of the deposit layers, the char layer (c) is formed on the combustion layer (y) aerobically combusted, and pyrolysis and drying of the waste are facilitated in the char layer under a high temperature in a substantial absence of oxygen where oxygen is hardly supplied.

Patentansprüche 1. Verfahren zum Zuführen von Verbrennungsluft in einen vertikalen Verbrennungsofen (1), in den Abfall (R) in einer Folge in einen vertikalen Feuerraum gefülltwird, um den Abfall zu verbrennen, während die Verbrennungsluft an Lagerschichten zugeführt wird, die von dem in den Feuerraum gefüllten Abfall gebildetwerden, und wobei die Verbrennungsbehandlung für den Abfall durch sequenzielles Entleeren der Verbrennungsasche (A), die nach dem Abschluss der Verbrennung zurück bleibt, von einem unteren Abschnitt an die Außenseite des Feuerraums umgesetzt wird, wobei der Abfall eine Mischung aus entflammbaren Materialien mit einem hohen I3rennwert und nicht entflammbaren Materialien beinhaltet, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es umfasst:

Steuern einer zugeführten Menge der Verbrennungsluft so, dass sie das 0,3-bis 0,7-fache einer theoretischen Luftmenge beträgt, die zum vollständigen Verbrennen des Abfalls (R) in den Lagerschichten während der Verbrennungsbehandlung erforderlich ist, indem die zugeführte Menge der Verbrennungsluft erhöht wird, wenn eine Lagerdicke der Lagerschichten zunimmt, und die zugeführte Menge der Verbrennungsluft verringert wird, wenn die Lagerdicke der Lagerschichten abnimmt, während die Verbrennungsluft so zugeführt wird, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt in der Verbrennungsluft von einem unteren Bereich zu einem oberen Bereich der Lagerschichten hin abnimmt, sodass in den Lagerschichten eine Ascheschicht (z), eine Verbrennungsschicht (y), eine Kohleschicht (c) und eine Raffinierungsschicht (u) in dieser Reihenfolge von dem unteren Bereich zu dem oberen Bereich der Lagerschichten gebildet werden, wobei die Kohleschicht (c) auf der Verbrennungsschicht (y), die während der Verbrennungsbehandlung aerob in den Lagerschichten verbrannt wird, gebildet wird, und eine Pyrolyse und ein Trocknen des Abfalls (R) in der Kohleschicht bei einer hohen Temperatur im Wesentlichen unter Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff ermöglicht werden, wobei kaum Sauerstoff zugeführt wird. 2. Verfahren zum Zuführen der Verbrennungsluft in dem vertikalen Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 1, wobeidieVerbrennungsluftnurausdem unteren Bereich der Lagerschichten zugeführt wird. 3. Vertikaler Verbrennungsofen (1), in den Abfall (R) in einer Folge in einen vertikalen Feuerraum zum Verbrennen des Abfalls gefüllt wird, während Verbrennungsluft an Lagerschichten zugeführt wird, die von dem in den Feuerraum gefüllten Abfall gebildet werden, und die Verbrennungsbehandlung für den Abfall umgesetzt wird, indem die Verbrennungsasche (A), die nach dem Abschluss der Verbrennung zurück bleibt, von einer auf einem unteren Abschnitt des Feuerraums angeordneten Entladeplatte (32) für Verbrennungsasche an die Außenseite des Feuerraums entleert wird, wobei der vertikale Verbrennungsofen (1) umfasst: eine Vielzahl von Luftstrom-Löchern (28), die zum Bereitstellen in der Entladeplatte (32) für die Verbrennungsasche konfiguriert sind; ein Verbrennungsluft-Zufuhrrohr (7), das zum Übertragen der Verbrennungsluft an einen unteren Abschnitt der Entladeplatte (32) für Ver- brennungsasche ausgelegt ist, sodass die Verbrennungsluft an den unteren Bereich der Lagerschichten durch die Vielzahl von Luftstrom-Löchern (28) zugeführt wird; ein Durchmesser (F), der zum Anordnen in dem Verbrennungsluft-Zufuhrrohr (7) konfiguriert ist; und ein Öffnungs- und Schließventil (D), das dazu ausgelegt ist, eine zugeführte Menge der Verbrennungsluft zu ändern und zum Anordnen in dem Verbrennunasluft-Zufuhrrohr (7) konfiguriert ist; wobei der Abfall eine Mischung aus entflammbaren Materialien mit einem hohen Brennwert und nicht entflammbaren Materialien beinhaltet, wobei der vertikale Verbrennungsofen (1) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass: der vertikale Verbrennungsofen (1) ferner einen Steuermechanismus umfasst, der so zum Steuern der zugeführten Menge der Verbrennungsluft ausgelegt ist, dass sie das 0,3- bis 0,7-fache einer theoretischen Luftmenge beträgt, die zum vollständigen Verbrennen des Abfalls in den Lagerschichten erforderlich ist, und dass während der Verbrennungsbehandlung die zugeführte Menge der Verbrennungsluft durch Öffnen des Öffnungs- und Schließventils (D) erhöht wird, wenn eine Übertragungslast der Verbrennungsluft infolge einer Zunahme einer Lagerdicke der Lagerschichten höher wird, und eine Durchflussmenge der Verbrennungsluft in derWeise verringert wird, dass die zugeführte Menge derVerbrennungsluft durch Verengen des Öffnungs- und Schließventils abnimmt, und die Verbrennungsluft so zugeführt wird, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt in der Verbrennungsluftvon einem unteren Abschnitt zu einem oberen Abschnitt der Lagerschichten hin abnimmt, wenn die Übertragungslast der Verbrennungsluft in Folge einer Abnahme der Lagerschicht-Dicke des Abfalls verringert wird und die Durchflussmenge der Verbrennungsluft erhöht wird, wobei in den Lagerschichten während der Verbrennungsbehandlung eine Ascheschicht (z), eine Verbrennungsschicht (y), eine Kohleschicht (c) und eine Raffnie-rungsschicht (u) in dieser Reihenfolge von dem unteren Bereich an den oberen Bereich der Lagerschichten hin gebildet werden, wobei die Kohleschicht (c) auf der Verbrennungsschicht (y) gebildet wird, die aerob verbrennt, und wobei die Pyrolyse und das Trocknen des Abfalls in der Kohleschicht bei einer hohen Temperatur im Wesentlichen unter Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff ermöglicht werden, wobei kaum Sauerstoff zugeführtwird.

Revendications 1. Procédé pour apporter de l’air comburant dans un incinérateur vertical (1 ) dans lequel des déchets (R) sont chargés par séquences dans un four vertical pour brûler les déchets, pendant que l’air comburant est apporté vers les dépôts en strates qui sontformés par les déchets chargés dans le four, et le traitement par incinération des déchets est mise en oeuvre en déchargeant de manière séquentielle les cendres d’incinération (A) qui résultent de la combustion terminée à partir d’une partie inférieure du four vers l’extérieur, les déchets contenant un mélange de matériaux inflammables ayant un pouvoir calorifique élevé et des matériaux non inflammables, le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend : le contrôle de l’apport de la quantité d’air comburant de manière à ce qu’elle soit de 0,3 à 0,7 fois plus importante que la quantité d’air théorique qui est nécessaire pour brûler de manière complète les déchets (R) dans les dépôts en strates au cours du traitement par incinération, en augmentant l’apport de la quantité d’air comburant dans le cas où l’épaisseur de dépôt des dépôts en strates augmente et en réduisant l’apport de la quantité d’air comburant dans le cas où l’épaisseur de dépôt des dépôts en strates diminue, en apportant l’air comburantde manière à diminuer l’oxygène dans l’air comburant à partir de la partie inférieure des couches de dépôts en strates vers une partie supérieure, de sorte que, dans les dépôts en strates, une couche de cendres (z), une couche de combustion (y), une couche de produits charbonneux (c) et une couche de produits raffinés (u) se trouvent formées dans cet ordre en partant de la partie inférieure des dépôts en strates vers la partie supérieure, la couche de produits charbonneux (c) étant formée sur la couche de combustion (y) par combustion aérobie dans les dépôts par strates au cours du traitement par incinération, et la pyrolyse et le séchage des déchets (R) sont rendus possibles dans la couche de produits charbonneux sous une température élevée en absence substantielle d’oxygène aux endroits où l’oxygène est à peine apporté. 2. Procédé pour apporter l’air comburant dans l’incinérateur vertical selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l’air comburant est apporté uniquement à partir de la partie inférieure des dépôts en strates. 3. Incinérateur vertical (1 ) dans lequel les déchets (R) sont chargés par séquences dans un four vertical pour brûler les déchets, pendant que l’air comburant est apporté vers les dépôts en strates qui sontformés par les déchets chargés dans le four, et le traitement par incinération des déchets est mise en oeuvre en déchargeant de manière séquentielle en déchargeant des cendres d’incinération (A), qui résultent de la combustion terminée, à partir d’un plateau de décharge des cendres d’incinération (32) disposé sur une partie inférieure du four vers l’extérieur, l’incinérateur vertical (1) comprenant : une pluralité d’orifices pour la diffusion de l’air (28) configurés pour être disponibles dans le plateau de décharge des cendres d’incinération (32): un tuyau d’alimentation d’air comburant (7) configuré pour envoyer l’air comburant à une partie inférieure du plateau de décharge des cendres d’incinération (32), pour alimenter ainsi en air comburant la partie inférieure des dépôts en strates à travers la pluralité des orifices pour la diffusion de l’air (28); un débitmètre (F) configuré pour être disponible dans la canalisation d’alimentation d’air comburant (7) ; et une vanne d’ouverture et de fermeture (D) configurée pour modifier une quantité d’air comburant apportée et configurée pour être disponible dans le tuyau d’alimentation d’air comburant (7) ; les déchets contenant un mélange de matériaux inflammables ayant un pouvoir calorifique élevé et des matériaux non inflammables, l’incinérateur vertical (1) étant caractérisé en ce que : l’incinérateur vertical (1) comprend en outre un mécanisme de contrôle configuré pour contrôler l’apport de la quantité d’air comburant de sorte qu’elle soit de 0,3 à 0,7 fois plus importante que la quantité d’air théorique qui est nécessaire pour brûler entièrement les déchets dans les dépôts en strates, et au cours du traitement par incinération, de manière à augmenter la quantité d’air comburant qui est apportée en ouvrant la vanne d’ouverture et de fermeture (D) dans le cas où le chargement par transfert de l’air comburant est accru du fait d’une augmentation de l’épaisseur de dépôt des dépôts en strates, et le débit de l’air comburant est réduit, et de manière à diminuer la quantité d’air comburant apportée en resserrant la vanne d’ouverture et de fermeture et en apportant l’air comburant de manière à réduire l’oxygène dans l’air comburant à partirde la partie inférieure des dépôts en strates vers une partie supérieure dans le cas où le chargement par transfert de l’air comburant est réduit du fait d’une diminution de l’épaisseur du dépôt des déchets, etledébitde l’air comburant est augmenté, dans lequel, dans les dépôts en strates au cours du traitement par incinération, une couche de cendres (z), une couche de combustion (y), une couche de produits charbonneux (c), et une couche de produits raffinés (u) sont formées dans cet ordre en partant de la partie inférieure des dépôts en strates en direction de la partie supérieure, la couche de produits charbonneux (c) est formée sur la couche de combustion (y) par combustion aérobie, et la pyrolyse et le séchage des déchets sont rendus possibles dans la couche de produits charbonneux sous une température élevée dans une absence substantielle d’oxygène aux endroits où l’oxygène est à peine apporté.

Claims (3)

BURN! PROCEDURE FOR AIR DISSEMINATION IN VERTICAL WASTE AND VERTICAL WASTE DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS 1 <Method for supplying combustion air in a vertical burner (1), in which: waste (R) is fed to a vertical furnace in order of incineration of waste and treatment of combustion air into the furnace bed is made to burn incineration ash after incineration (AI is continuously discharged from the bottom of the furnace outside the furnace. The waste contains a mixture of flammable substances with high calorific value and non-flammable substances, the method comprising the step of dispensing the combustion air in such a way to control 0.3 to 0.3 times the theoretical amount of air needed to burn the waste (R) contained in the deposited layers during the combustion treatment by the amount of combustion air fed by increasing the deposition thickness of the deposited layers and by reducing the amount of air fed in the case where the deposited layers are depleted in thickness, while the combustion air is added such that the combustion air is oxygenated: from the bottom of the deposited layers to the top, so that the deposited layers have an ash layer (z), a combustion layer (y), a carbon layer (c), and a refining layer (u) in this order from the bottom of the deposited layers up to the upper part of the carbon layer (c) formed in the deposited layers on an aerobically burned combustion layer (y) during the combustion treatment, and the thermal decomposition and plowing of the waste (R) in the carbon layer at high temperature, substantially in the absence of oxygen, with little oxygen -supply. 2, for supplying a combustion air according to claim 1 in a vertical burner, in which the combustion air is supplied from the lower portion of the deposit layers only by the feed jet. 3. Vertical burner (1) in which the waste (R) · is fed in a vertical furnace in order of incineration, while the combustion air is added to the deposited layers of the waste fed to the furnace and the incineration of the waste is treated as such. is carried out so that the combustion ash (A) produced after the firing is carried out continuously from the furnace outside the furnace, which includes a vertical burner (1): a plurality of air outlets (28) located at the bottom of the furnace; configured to provide a deadwood in the incinerator tray (32); a combustion air dispensing tube (7) configured to deliver the combustion air to the lower part of the incinerator (32) so that the combustion air is fed to the lowest part of the deposited layers through the venting openings (28): a flow meter (F ) designed to provide combustion air in the metering tube (7); and an opening and closing valve (D) configured to change the amount of air supplied to the combustion air and configured to be available in the combustion air dispensing tube (7); a mixture of flammable materials and non-flammable materials providing a high level of waste, the vertical burner (1) being characterized by; the vertical burner (1) further comprises a control system bed configured to control the amount of combustion air added in such a manner that 0.3 to 0.7 times the total amount of waste (R) in the deposited layers is required to burn theoretical air volume and during combustion treatment such that by opening the opening and closing valve (O), increase the amount of air supply to the combustion air when the supply air of the combustion air has increased due to the increased thickness of the deposited layers; the combustion air flow rate is reduced and reduced by reducing the amount of combustion air dispensed by narrowing the opening and closing valves and supplying the combustion air in such a way that the oxygen in the combustion air is reduced from the bottom of the deposited layers to the top of the deposited layers when the combustion air was delivered its dose decreased due to the decrease in the thickness of the waste, and the combustion air volume increased and the ash layer (z), a combustion layer (y), a carbon layer (c) and a refining layer were deposited in the layers. (u) is formed in this order from the lower part of the deposition layers to the upper part: which carbon layer (c) forms in the aerobically burned combustion layer (y), and the heat beating and drying of the waste in the carbon layer is promoted substantially in the absence of oxygen where there is hardly any oxygen supply.