JP2603364B2 - Vertical incinerator and its incineration method - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an incinerator for incinerating refuse such as general waste and industrial waste.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, a vertical incinerator has been filed by the present applicant, in which an incinerator main body is provided with a plurality of open / close openable grate for dividing the incinerator main body into a plurality of upper and lower rooms. The refuse introduced into the upper part of the incinerator main body is deposited on the grate to form a refuse layer having a sufficient thickness, and is transported while burning downward sequentially from the top to become incineration ash. It was designed to discharge sequentially from below.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, since refuse contains flame-retardant substances composed of large amounts of moisture, poor air permeability, and large lumps that are difficult to break, main combustion is not necessarily performed in the upper combustion chamber. Incomplete combustion may continue in the combustion chamber below this combustion chamber, or plastic may melt and drip and ignite in the lower part, causing the grate supporting the refuse in the upper combustion chamber to be on the back. From high heat. For this reason, there has been a problem that even if the grate is cooled by blowing the cooling air to the grate, the cooling is insufficient, resulting in thermal distortion and burning.

In addition, incineration ash or foreign matter may clog the ventilation holes formed in the grate, obstructing the passage of combustion gas or combustion air, or a clinker may be fused to the ventilation holes to hinder the opening / closing operation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has an incineration ash layer deposited at a lower portion of an incinerator main body. It is intended to provide a furnace.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The vertical incinerator of the present invention is a vertical incinerator for incinerating garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, and the bottom of the incinerator body is burned to the bottom by combustion. A discharge device for discharging the deposited incineration ash is provided so as to be openable and closable, and a refuse support plate is provided at a lower portion of the incinerator main body so as to be able to come and go in the incinerator main body. The combustion air is supplied to the lower layer of the ash, while the refuse support plate protrudes into the upper layer of the incinerated ash layer supported and accumulated by the discharge device when the incineration ash is discharged by the discharge device. The refuse support plate is configured to support the upper incineration ash and refuse, and is provided with cooling air supply means for cooling the refuse support plate evacuated from the incinerator main body.

The incineration method for a vertical incinerator according to the present invention is characterized in that, while burning the refuse input from the top of the incinerator main body, the refuse is sent downward by its own weight, and the incineration ash layer is deposited by a discharge device provided at the bottom in the incinerator main body. Forming an incineration ash by continuing combustion on the incineration ash layer with the combustion air supplied to a lower layer of the incineration ash to form incineration ash, and then discharging the incineration ash from the discharge device, wherein Projecting the refuse support plate cooled by the cooling air supply means into the upper layer of the incinerated ash layer, and supporting the upper incineration ash and refuse by the refuse support plate. Discharging the incineration ash below, after closing the discharge device again, the refuse support plate is immersed from the incinerator main body, and the incineration ash and refuse supported by the refuse support plate are dropped onto the discharge device. Together with the discharge device A step of further support, sequentially discharging the ash by.

(Action) When the refuse is sequentially burned into the incinerator body and burned, the burned incineration ash is sent downward by its own weight and is deposited at a lower portion in the incinerator body to form an incineration ash layer. Then, a garbage support plate is protruded from the incineration ash layer, the upper refuse and the incineration ash are supported by the garbage support plate, and then the discharge device at the bottom of the incinerator main body is opened to lower the garbage support plate. Drain incineration ash. Thereafter, the discharge device is closed, and the refuse support plate is immersed from the incinerator main body to drop incineration ash and refuse on the upper portion of the refuse support plate.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an incinerator according to the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a hopper, and a garbage pit (not shown)
The garbage stored in the hopper is stirred for homogenization, broken into some extent, and then put into the hopper 1 by a crane (not shown). The hopper 1 is connected to the incinerator main body 3 via the feeder 2.
It is connected to the garbage supply port 3a formed in the upper part of the inside,
The refuse introduced into the hopper 1 is fed into the incinerator main body 3 by a fixed amount by the feeder 2.

The incinerator body 3 is provided with refuse support plates 4 and 4 and incineration ash discharge plates (discharge devices) 5 and 5 provided above and below.

The refuse support plates 4 and 4 are provided so as to be able to come and go inside the incinerator main body 3, and are usually arranged so as to be buried from the incinerator main body 3 as shown in the figure, and the incineration ash discharge plates 5 and 5 are disposed. Only when the ash is opened and the incineration ash is discharged, as shown by a one-dot chain line in the figure, the ash protrudes above the ash layer 15d in the incinerator main body 3, and the refuse above the refuse support plates 4, 4 and the burned incineration Support ash load.

On both sides of the incinerator body 3 where the garbage support plates 4, 4 are located,
When the refuse support plates 4, 4 are submerged from the incinerator main body 3, storage rooms 6, 6 for storing the refuse support plates 4, 4 are provided.
Cooling air 7a branched from a room temperature air source (cooling air supply means) 7 is supplied to these storage chambers 6,6. The cooling air 7a is blown into the incinerator main body 3 from the gaps 8, 8 formed between the incinerator main body 3 and the storage chamber 6, and cools the refuse support plates 4, 4, and also cools the gaps 8, 8 To prevent incineration ash in the incinerator body 3 from entering the storage chambers 6,6.

The incineration ash discharge plates 5, 5 are provided at the bottom of the incinerator main body 3 so as to be rotatable from a horizontal position to a vertical position indicated by a chain line. After the ash layers 15d in the lower part of the incinerator main body 3 are supported from the upper layer to the upper part by the refuse support plates 4, 4, the incinerated ash is removed by rotating the incinerated ash discharge plates 5, 5 downward. Can be discharged to an ash discharge device 9 provided below the ash discharge device. That is, the refuse support plates 4, 4 are provided to assist the incineration ash discharge by the incineration ash discharge plates 5, 5.

In addition, the combustion air 10a, 10b, 10c whose temperature has been adjusted is provided on the upper, middle, and lower portions of the incinerator body 3, respectively, by dampers 11a, 11b.
b, 11c. These combustion air 10a, 1
0b and 10c are adjusted to the optimal temperature according to the waste quality.

An ignition burner 12 is installed on the side of the incinerator main body 3 opposite to the waste supply port 3a, and is used for ignition of waste at the start of operation or for assisting combustion when the temperature in the furnace is lowered. At the top of the incinerator main body 3, a combustion gas outlet 13 is provided.

Next, a description will be given of a method of incinerating waste using the incinerator thus configured.

Here, the inside of the incinerator main body 3 during normal operation is divided into a flame layer 15a, a waste layer 15b, a flammable combustion layer 15c, and an ash layer 15d from the top depending on the combustion state of the waste.

First, the refuse stored in the hopper 1 is sent to the incinerator main body 3 by the feeder 2 through the refuse supply port 3a by a fixed amount. At the start of operation, the refuse is deposited on the ash layer 15d at the bottom of the incinerator main body 3, and the ignition burner 1
It is heated by 2 and starts burning by the combustion air 10a, 10b, and is incinerated from flammable refuse to become ash, and is deposited on the combustion layer 15c while holding a fire with flammable refuse.

If refuse is supplied from the feeder 2 in that state, the refuse is deposited on the refuse layer 15b, and the heat of the combustion layer 15c and the combustion air 11
The fuel is ignited by a, and the combustion gradually spreads over the entire refuse layer 15b to shift to a normal operation state.

During this combustion, the combustion gas generated in the lower layer of the primary combustion layer 15c and the lower layer of the refuse layer 15b passes through the refuse layer 15b and rises. At the time of this rise, the combustion gas uses the heat to promote the ignition and gasification of the upper refuse and to dry the garbage.

Further, the combustion gas that has risen to the flame layer 15a is discharged to the next step from the combustion gas discharge port 13 at the same time that the combustion gas is recombusted by the secondary air 7b branched from the normal temperature air source 7 supplied to the upper portion. You. The radiant heat generated during the combustion performs preliminary drying of the refuse introduced into the refuse layer 15b and promotes burning of paper or plastic having a low ignition point to become a fire.

As described above, while the refuse is sequentially sent from the upper part to the lower part in the refuse layer 15b and burned, the non-flammable substances and unburned substances partially remaining in the refuse are completely burned to the ashes by the non-combustion layer 15c. It is stored in the ash layer 15d.

Then, in the ash layer 15d, the supplied combustion air 10c completes the unburned combustion of the unburned matter remaining in the upper layer of the ash layer 15d, and also cools the incinerated ash and the low-melting-point metal whose combustion has been completed from below. At this time, the air and combustion gas rising from the ash layer 15d pass through the waste combustion layer 15c and rise to the waste layer 15b, thereby facilitating the combustion of the upper waste and drying, igniting, and Gasification will be further promoted.

In other words, the ash layer 15d plays a role like a conventional grate, and the combustion air 10c supplied to the lower layer of the ash layer 15d deposited and formed on the incineration ash discharge plates 5, 5 is: It corresponds to combustion air supplied from below the conventional grate.

When the incineration ash combustion is completed, at this stage the waste support plate 4,
4 is projected above the ash layer 15d in the incinerator main body 3, and the garbage layer 15b,
It supports the load of incineration ash and dust on the upper layer of c and ash layer 15d. At the time of this protrusion, since the combustion of the refuse has been completed at the position of the refuse support plates 4, 4, the refuse support plates 4, 4 do not need a ventilation hole such as a grate, and can have a simple structure. In addition, since there is little resistance due to dirt, the dirt support plates 4, 4 can protrude smoothly.

After the refuse support plates 4 and 4 are thus protruded, the incineration ash discharge plates 5 and 5 are rotated downward, and the incineration ash below the refuse support plates 4 and 4 is dropped into the ash discharge device 9.

After the incineration ash is discharged, the incineration ash discharge plates 5, 5 are returned upward, and then the refuse support plates 4, 4 are immersed from the incinerator main body 3, and the remaining incineration ash above the refuse support plates 4, 4 is removed. The incineration residue of the first and third combustion layers 15c is dropped to the bottom, and the waste layer 15b is also sequentially dropped.

The shock at the time of this drop not only improves the air permeability of the ash layer 15d, but also improves the air permeability of the entire layer because the mass of unburned matter in the primary combustion layer 15c and the refuse layer 15b is collapsed. The air passes through to the inside. Therefore, when the high-temperature combustion air 10b, 10c is supplied, the unburned matter in the incinerated ash is easily burned by the remaining fire.

Further, the supply pressure of the combustion air 10b, 10c is increased and the combustion layer 15 is increased.
c, The ash layer 15d has good air permeability, so there is no need to increase it, and since the drying efficiency is good, the excess rate of supplied air can be reduced.

With the incinerator thus configured, the refuse can be burned substantially uniformly at a high temperature, and the excess rate of the supplied air is reduced as described above. The residence time can be extended. This is effective for sterilization and dioxin decomposition, and sterilization is particularly effective for burning medical waste.

Further, the time when the refuse support plates 4, 4 protrude into the incinerator main body 3 is when the temperature of the ash layer 15d is lowered, and the time is short. Therefore, there is no possibility of causing heat distortion or burning due to high temperature. Also,
The upper surfaces of the incineration ash discharge plates 5, 5 are in contact with the incineration ash cooled by the combustion air 10c, and the lower surfaces of the incineration ash are cooled by the outside air.

The opening and closing mechanism of the refuse support plates 4 and 4 and the incineration ash discharge plates 5 and 5 is not limited to this example. You may use an inclination inversion grate as a board.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the incineration ash layer plays the role of the conventional grate, and it is necessary to install the grate in the incinerator main body as in the conventional case. There is no need to worry about burnout, heat distortion and trouble of the equipment, and the effective use of combustion energy is possible, and the operating cost is low. Also,
During a normal combustion operation, cooling air is supplied to the refuse support plate retracted from the incinerator main body by the cooling air supply means, thereby preventing the refuse support plate from being burned out due to high temperature and reducing the temperature of the cooling air. The supply prevents incineration ash and the like from invading the retreat side of the refuse support plate, and allows the refuse support plate to smoothly move in and out.

In addition, because the incineration ash layer and the like are dropped into the lower discharge device due to the ingress and egress of the garbage support plate, combustion and discharge are performed, so that the ash layer has good air permeability due to the impact generated when falling from the garbage support plate to the discharge device. At the same time, the mass of unburned matter in the primary combustion layer and the refuse layer collapses, and air passes through the interior of the lumps.As a result, the combustion state can be improved. Clinker lump, which is likely to be generated near the upper part of the refuse support plate during the incinerator of high-quality refuse, can be destroyed, so that complete incineration of refuse and discharge of incineration ash become easier.

Further, the refuse support plate and the discharge device do not require a complicated mechanism for allowing combustion air and combustion gas to pass therethrough like the conventional grate, and can exhibit their functions with a simple structure.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional side view showing a schematic configuration of an incinerator according to the present invention. 3… Incinerator body 4,4… Waste support plate 5,5… Incineration ash discharge plate (discharge device)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vertical incinerator for incinerating refuse such as municipal waste or industrial waste, wherein a discharge device for discharging incineration ash deposited on the bottom by combustion is provided at the bottom of the incinerator main body so as to be openable and closable. A waste support plate is provided at the lower part of the incinerator main body so as to be able to come and go inside the incinerator main body, and combustion air is supplied to a lower layer of the incineration ash deposited and formed on the discharge device. When the incineration ash is discharged by the discharge device, the refuse support plate is disposed so as to protrude into an upper layer of the incinerated ash layer supported and deposited by the discharge device, and the upper incineration ash and the refuse are disposed on the refuse support plate. And a cooling air supply means for cooling the refuse support plate evacuated from the incinerator main body is provided. 2. Burning the refuse input from the upper part of the incinerator main body, sending it down by its own weight while burning it, depositing and forming an incineration ash layer by a discharge device provided at the bottom in the incinerator main body. A method of incineration, in which combustion is continued on the incineration ash layer by the combustion air supplied to the lower layer to form incineration ash, and then the incineration ash is discharged from the discharge device. Projecting the refuse support plate cooled by the cooling air supply means, and supporting the upper incineration ash and the refuse by the refuse support plate.Opening the discharge device to remove the incineration ash below the refuse support plate. Discharging step, after closing the discharging device again, the refuse support plate is immersed from the incinerator main body, and the incinerated ash and refuse supported by the refuse supporting plate are dropped on the discharging device and supported by the discharging device. Work Incineration method of the vertical incinerator, which comprises sequentially discharging the ash by.