JP3600811B2 - Waste support plate in vertical incinerator and control method thereof - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a refuse support plate in a vertical incinerator for incinerating industrial waste including medical waste and general waste having large fluctuations in refuse quality, and a control method therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Industrial waste contains not only a large amount of harmful substances but also high calorific substances, flame retardants or non-combustibles, and solid, liquid and viscous substances and their properties are diverse. In the fixed batch combustion type incinerator used in the above, complete incineration of such industrial waste was very difficult.
[0003]
In particular, the rotary kiln type or inclined rotation, which is generally used for incineration of dangerous infectious substances containing pathogenic viruses and medical waste containing substances that are easy to melt, such as glass, with large variability in waste quality Since all incinerators, such as hearths, invert and agitate and burn waste, only flammable materials are burned first, and incombustible materials remain, leaving incombustible materials. Not only is sterilization impossible, but the glass also melts and adheres to the outlet of the furnace, making it impossible to continue operation.
[0004]
In addition, the same phenomenon occurred when incinerating municipal waste with large fluctuations in waste quality.
[0005]
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an outline of a "vertical incinerator and its incineration method" disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-158110 in order to solve these problems.
[0006]
In FIG. 5, a combustion gas discharge port b is provided at the top of the incinerator main body a, a hopper c having a feeder and an ignition burner d are provided at the top, and a garbage support plate which can be retracted and set inside the incinerator main body a. e and e are provided, and incineration ash discharge plates f and f which can be opened and closed are arranged at the bottom.
[0007]
The above-mentioned refuse support plates e, e are usually arranged in a state of being buried from the incinerator main body a as shown in the figure, and only when the incineration ash discharge plates f, f open to discharge the incineration ash, 1 in FIG. As shown by the dashed line, it protrudes above the ash layer g to support the load of the refuse above the refuse support plates e and the burned incineration ash.
[0008]
Further, on both sides of the incinerator main body a where the refuse support plates e and e are located, a storage chamber h for storing the refuse support plates e and e when the refuse support plates e and e are submerged from the inside of the incinerator main body a. , H are provided, and air j at normal temperature is supplied from the gaps i, i formed between the incinerator body a and the storage chambers h, h so that the incineration ash does not enter the storage chambers h, h. Supplied.
[0009]
The incineration ash discharge plates f, f are provided at the bottom of the incinerator main body a so as to be openable and closable from a horizontal position to a vertical position indicated by a chain line. Then, after the ash layer g at the lower portion in the incinerator main body a is supported from the upper layer by the refuse support plates e, e, the incineration ash is turned down by turning the incineration ash discharge plates f, f downward. Can be discharged to an ash discharge device k provided below the ash discharge device.
[0010]
That is, the refuse support plates e, e are provided to assist the incineration ash discharge by the incineration ash discharge plates f, f.
[0011]
Further, combustion air m, n, and p whose temperature has been adjusted are supplied to upper, middle, and lower portions of the incinerator body a via dampers q, r, and s, respectively. These combustion airs m, n, and p are adjusted to optimal temperatures according to the quality of the refuse.
[0012]
The ignition burner d installed on the side of the incinerator main body a opposite to the hopper c is used for igniting dust at the start of operation or assisting combustion when the temperature in the furnace is lowered.
[0013]
Next, a method of incinerating refuse using the vertical incinerator thus configured will be described.
[0014]
Here, in the incinerator main body a during normal operation, although the position moves depending on the combustion state of the refuse, a flame layer t, a refuse layer u, a flammable combustion layer v, and an ash layer g are formed from above.
[0015]
The refuse supplied from the hopper c into the incinerator main body a is deposited on the ash layer g at the bottom of the incinerator main body a at the start of operation, is heated by the ignition burner d, and is heated by the combustion air m, n. Starting from the combustion, the flammable waste is incinerated into ash, and is deposited on the combustion layer v while holding a fire with the flame-resistant waste.
[0016]
If the refuse is supplied in that state, the refuse is deposited on the refuse layer u, and ignited from the flammable material by the heat of the combustion layer v and the combustion air m, and the combustion gradually spreads throughout the refuse layer u. Transition to normal operation.
[0017]
At the time of this combustion, the combustion gas w generated in the lower layer of the primary combustion layer v and the lower layer of the refuse layer u rises through the refuse layer u and promotes the ignition and gasification of the upper refuse by the heat, Dry the garbage.
[0018]
Further, the combustion gas w which has risen to the flame layer t is reburned by the secondary air x at room temperature supplied to the upper portion thereof, and then discharged from the combustion gas outlet b as exhaust gas to the next step.
[0019]
The radiant heat at the time of combustion in the flame layer t performs pre-drying of the refuse introduced into the refuse layer and promotes burning of paper or plastics having a low ignition point to become a fire.
[0020]
When the combustion of the incineration ash is completed, at this stage, the refuse support plates e, e are made to protrude above the ash layer g in the incinerator body a, and the refuse layer u, which is located above the refuse support plates e, e, is disposed. It supports the load of incineration ash and refuse in the upper layer of the combustion layer v and the ash layer g.
[0021]
At the time of this projection, since the combustion of the refuse is completed at the position of the refuse support plates e, e, the resistance due to the refuse is small, and the refuse support plates e, e can protrude smoothly.
[0022]
After the refuse support plates e, e are thus protruded, the incineration ash discharge plates f, f are turned downward, and the incineration ash below the refuse support plates e, e is dropped into the ash discharge device k.
[0023]
After the incineration ash is discharged, the incineration ash discharge plates f, f are returned to the upper side, and then the refuse support plates e, e are immersed from the incinerator main body a into the storage chambers h, h. The remaining incineration ash at the top of e and the incineration residue of the main combustion layer v are dropped onto the bottom incineration ash discharge plates f, f, and the trash layer u is also dropped to the top.
[0024]
Due to the shock at the time of the drop, not only the air permeability of the ash layer g is improved, but also the lump of unburned matter in the primary combustion layer v and the refuse layer u is collapsed, so that the air permeability of the entire layer is improved, The air passes through to the inside of the mass. Therefore, when the high-temperature combustion air n, p is supplied, the unburned matter in the incineration ash easily burns due to the remaining fire.
[0025]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of the conventional vertical incinerator shown in FIG. 5, in the case of industrial waste, particularly in the case of medical waste, since the waste quality is diversified, not only complete combustion and sterilization is difficult, but also Glasses such as syringes, test tubes, bottles, etc., contained in large amounts in the softening and melting at 400-700 ° C, or high heat due to partial combustion of high calorific substances such as plastics such as styrofoam and papers and fibers In this case, the ash is often melted to generate a strong clinker.
[0026]
For this reason, a blockage accident occurs in the vicinity of the main combustion layer v below the incinerator main body a, hinders the fall of the upper refuse and incineration ash, and stops the operation for its removal. For example, in the case where a plurality of comb-shaped support rods are provided side by side and the forced cooling means is not provided, the clinker hinders the projection of the dust support plates e, and in the worst case, the dust support plates e, e There was a problem that it was damaged.
[0027]
In addition, when the vertical incinerator has a large capacity, the dust support plates e and e have a cantilever structure, so that their strength is insufficient, and when the clinker occurs, the dust support plates e and e may break. there were.
[0028]
Further, when the lower ash is dropped onto the incineration ash discharge plates f, f, if the non-combustible content is small, the thickness of the ash layer g becomes thinner, and a part of the ash layer v falls and the space G If the unburned matter remains, the unburned matter collapses due to the shock at the time of the fall, and burns in the space G as well. There is a possibility that the dust support plates e, e projecting at the time of discharging the dust may be damaged.
[0029]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The garbage support plate in the vertical incinerator of the invention according to claim 1 is disposed above the openable and closable incineration ash discharge plate disposed at the lower end of the incinerator in a vertical incinerator for incinerating industrial waste and general waste. A garbage support plate that is located at a small space between the ash and protrudes into the incinerator at the time of incineration ash discharge and supports the load of refuse and incineration ash that accumulates in the incinerator. In order to increase the strength by arranging a plurality of tubes with a hollow structure for fluid flow through the support, a support rod with a structure in which the ends of these tubes are connected by hollow protrusions is arranged in multiple rows on the mounting frame A plate body, the support plate body is cooled by a cooling fluid, and can be made to come and go by an external drive mechanism. At the time of projecting the refuse support plate into the furnace, the projecting portions of the tips of the support rods are inserted and held. Support plate holder with heat resistant structure having multiple insertion holes But on the intermediate position facing the refuse supporting plates.
[0030]
A method for controlling a refuse support plate in a vertical incinerator according to the invention according to claim 2 is a vertical incinerator for incinerating industrial waste or general waste, wherein the openable and closable incineration ash discharge disposed at the lower end of the incinerator is provided. A method for controlling a refuse support plate which is located above a plate with a small space therebetween, protrudes into the incinerator at the time of incineration ash discharge, and supports the load of refuse and incineration ash deposited in the incinerator, If the detected value of the space temperature detector provided in the space between the incineration ash discharge plate and the refuse support plate exceeds the set value, an alarm is issued, the opening operation of the incineration ash discharge plate is stopped, and the refuse support plate Is retracted.
[0032]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0033]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a main part of a vertical incinerator according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a refuse support plate in the incinerator, and FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematic structure of a support plate holding part. Note that the same members as those described in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0034]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an incinerator main body, which is constructed of an upper refractory 11 and a lower refractory 12 and a steel material surrounding the upper refractory 11 and the lower refractory 12.
[0035]
In the flame layer t located in the upper half of the incinerator main body, an input port 13 for the garbage R is provided on its side with an openable and closable input damper, and the side wall of the upper refractory 11 is ignited. A burner d, a temperature detector (not shown), an in-furnace monitoring camera, and the like are provided, and a plurality of combustion gases that feed secondary air x at normal temperature for swirling and secondary combustion of the combustion gas w. A secondary air nozzle 14 for both swirling is provided.
[0036]
After the middle part of the incinerator main body 1, it is squeezed in a funnel shape in order to thicken the refuse layer and level refuse having different properties, but above the lower refractory 12 constituting the side wall of the funnel portion. The outer surface below the corner 15 is cooled by, for example, a cooling casing divided into an air cooling jacket 16 at the upper part and a water cooling jacket 17 at the lower part. An instrument group 18 and a level measurement detection seat (not shown) are provided.
[0037]
A plurality of primary combustion air nozzles 23a to 23c for supplying combustion air 22a to 22c to the respective layers from the forced blower 21 are provided on the refuse layer u, the remaining combustion layer v, and the ash layer g formed in the funnel. 24a to 24c are provided as appropriate.
[0038]
At the bottom of the incinerator main body 1, a pair of refuse support plates 3, 3 and a support plate holder 4, as shown in FIGS. Incinerated ash discharge plates f, f, which can be opened and closed via a space G (see FIG. 1) below 3, 3 are provided with an external drive mechanism and the like to be described later.
[0039]
In order to enhance the strength and heat resistance, for example, the above-mentioned refuse support plates 3 and 3 are formed by stacking and welding two square pipes 31 each having a hollow structure as a tubular body, and furthermore, a fluid passage is provided at the ends of the two pipes. Externally driving the cooling fluid introduction pipe 35 and the cooling fluid discharge pipe 36 and the dust support plates 3, 3 in a support plate body E in which a plurality of rows of support rods 33 having a structure connected to the projections 32 having It has a mechanism 37 and is arranged in the horizontal direction.
[0040]
As shown in an example in FIG. 3, the support plate holding portion 4 includes a cooling portion at an upper portion thereof, a chevron 41 attached to a casing 38, and a plurality of insertions for inserting and holding the protrusions 32 of the plurality of support rods 33. A side plate 43 is provided with a hole 42. Both ends of the side plate 43 are fixed to the casing 38, and the lower end is open.
[0041]
The above-described refuse support plates 3 and 3, the support plate holding portion 4, and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f are built in a casing 38, and the casing 38 has a space temperature detector 39 on a side surface thereof and a later described. A post-combustion air duct 26 for supplying high-temperature post-combustion air 25 is connected, and the lower portion is inserted into the ash discharge device k.
[0042]
On the other hand, above the incinerator main body 1, the combustion gas w which has started to rotate by the air injection from the secondary air nozzle 14, which also serves as the combustion gas swirl, is recirculated via the exhaust gas mixing means 51 for more reliably swirling. A combustion chamber 52 is mounted, and an air preheater 53 is provided on the ceiling of the reburn chamber 52 and is connected to a gas cooling chamber (not shown).
[0043]
The outside of the incinerator main body 1, the reburning chamber 52, and the air preheater 53 is subjected to heat insulation with a heat insulation material (not shown).
[0044]
Next, regarding the combustion state of each waste and the operation state of the refuse support plate in the vertical incinerator configured as described above, the situation mainly in the lower part of the incinerator main body 1 will be described with reference to FIG. This will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that the formation state of the flame layer t, the refuse layer u, the primary combustion layer v, and the ash layer g, and the combustion state up to the transition to the normal operation state are the same as those in the above-described conventional technology, and thus detailed description is omitted. I do.
[0045]
In the normal operation state, in the refuse layer u, the surface of the refuse layer u is irradiated with the radiant heat of the combustion gas w in the flame layer t and the secondary combustion of the unburned gas 61 described below, and the supply of the combustion air 22a is performed. By heating the unburned gas 61 rising from the main combustion layer v, a high calorific value flammable substance such as plastics, paper, or fibers is ignited and gasified and burned, thereby making it difficult to remove garbage or magazines having a lot of moisture. The combustible is dried and carbonized and burned to generate a burned gas 61.
[0046]
At this time, since the upper part of the lower refractory 12 is gradually cooled by the air cooling jacket 16 cooled by the normal temperature air j blown by the cooling blower 62, the surface can be maintained at about 700 ° C. or less, and the funnel It does not hinder combustion in the part, and also prevents clinker welding due to partial combustion of flammable substances.
[0047]
Each of the combustion layers v receives the unburned carbides and flame retardants that could not be burned in the refuse layer u from the ash layer g, which will be described later, and the supply of the combustion air 22b and 22c. This is a site where pre-burning is performed, and unburned gas 61 is generated by the pre-combustion.
[0048]
At this time, the surface temperature of the lower portion of the lower refractory 12 is kept at 400 to 500 ° C. due to the cooling effect of the water cooling jacket 17 cooled by the cooling water, thereby preventing the glass melt from welding and solidifying.
[0049]
Further, the ash layer g is heated to about 250 to 300 ° C. by the air preheater 53, and then burns out the remaining unburned carbon by feeding the combustion air 25 (see FIG. 1) and the combustion air 22c. And the incineration ash A is cooled and the hot air is supplied to the upper combustion layer v. The incineration ash A below the ash layer g is formed by the ventilation of the post-combustion air 25 and the water cooling. Cooled down to about 300 ° C. by the jacket 17.
[0050]
The ash layer g is generated by the operation of the refuse support plates 3 and 3 and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f which are controlled based on the result of confirming the progress of combustion by the detection values of the plurality of temperature detector groups 18 (see FIG. 1). , And stays until discharged to the ash discharge device k.
[0051]
In the above operation, when the amount of incombustibles in the refuse is small, the layer thickness of the ash layer g becomes thin, and when the incineration ash A is discharged, a part of the combustion layer v falls into the space G and starts burning, When the unburned mass remains and collapses due to the shock at the time of falling into the space G to start burning, the temperature of the space G rises to generate clinker and to discharge the next incineration ash. There is a possibility that the projecting dust support plates 3 and 3 may be heated.
[0052]
For this reason, the projecting support plate body E is cooled, and when the temperature of the space G rises above the set temperature of the space temperature detector 39, an alarm is issued and the above-mentioned incineration ash discharge plates f, f are moved. The temperature of the space G is recovered by retreating the dust support plates 3 and 3 into the storage chambers h and h while being closed.
[0053]
On the other hand, the combustion gas w that has completed the secondary combustion in the flame layer t passes through the exhaust gas mixing means 51 to form a swirling flow and enters the reburning chamber 52, effectively extending the residence time to perform the reburning. As a result, the residual dioxins are completely thermally decomposed to form a reburning gas 63, which rises, passes through the air preheater 53, and then enters a gas cooling chamber (not shown) in the next step (see FIG. 1).
[0054]
When passing through the air preheater 53, the post-combustion air 25 is cooled by cooling the air-cooling jacket 16 and exchanges heat with the heated air 64, which becomes high in temperature. The ash layer g is fed into the casing 38 through the ash layer 27, and the ash layer g is cooled and the ignited combustion layer v is ignited (see FIG. 1).
[0055]
The normal-temperature air j blown from the cooling blower 62 is sent to the refuse support plates 3 and 3 and the support plate holding unit 4 in addition to the above-described cooling of the air cooling jacket 16, and one of them is attached from the cooling fluid introduction pipe 35. After cooling the support rod 33 through the hollow pipe 31 and the protrusion 32 having the hollow structure through the frame 34, the support rod 33 is discharged from the discharge pipe 36, and the other passes through the chevron 41 to cool the support plate holder 4. Further, the normal temperature air j sent to the storage chambers h, h is sent out from the gaps i, i to the ash layer g side to prevent the ash from entering the storage chambers h, h (see FIG. 3).
[0056]
Although the cooling casing has been described as a combination of the air-cooling jacket 16 and the water-cooling jacket 17, the combination and the type of the cooling medium are not fixed, and the cooling medium of the refuse support plates 3 and 3 and the support plate holding unit 4 is not used. Although the description has been made with the air j at normal temperature, cooling water may be used.
[0057]
In addition, although the support rod 33 is described as stacking and welding the square pipes 31 having a hollow structure, any shape may be adopted as long as the strength is increased.
[0058]
Furthermore, although the garbage support plates 3 and 3 and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f are shown as a pair each on the left and right, any number of pairs may be used, and the incineration ash discharge plates f and f exhibit their functions. It does not specify the shape if it does.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the refuse support plate and the method of controlling the refuse support in the vertical incinerator of the present invention, the refuse support plate has a structure in which a plurality of hollow tubes are arranged and cooled, so that the strength is low. With the increase, the heat resistance is also improved, so that it is possible to prevent the clinker from hindering the projection operation of the dust support plate, preventing damage or burning.
[0060]
In addition, since the support plate holding portion having the heat-resistant structure is provided, the tip of the dust support plate can be held when the dust support plate protrudes, and the strength of the dust support plate is increased particularly in the case of a large-capacity incinerator.
[0061]
Further, by the space temperature detector provided in the space between the incineration ash discharge plate and the refuse support plate, the discharge operation of the incineration ash A can be stopped in a case where the temperature in the space is excessively increased, and the burnout of the refuse support plate is reduced. Can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a main part of a vertical incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a refuse support plate in the vertical incinerator.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a dust support plate and a support plate holding unit.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view mainly for explaining a situation in a lower portion of the incinerator main body.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an outline of a conventional vertical incinerator and its incineration method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 incinerator body 3 garbage support plate 31 square pipe (tube)
32 Projection 33 Support rod 34 Mounting frame 37 External drive mechanism 39 Space temperature detector 4 Support plate holder f Incineration ash discharge plate E Support plate body

Claims (2)

In a vertical incinerator that incinerates industrial and general waste, it is located with a small space above an openable and incinerated ash discharge plate installed at the bottom of the incinerator. A garbage support plate that protrudes into the
The above-mentioned refuse support plate is provided with a plurality of hollow tubes for cooling fluid flow through to enhance the strength by arranging a plurality of tubes, and a supporting rod having a structure in which the ends of these tubes are connected by hollow protrusions is attached to a mounting frame. A support plate body provided in a plurality of rows is provided on the upper side, and the support plate body is cooled by a cooling fluid, and can be made to come and go by an external drive mechanism,
A support plate holding portion having a heat-resistant structure having a plurality of insertion holes for inserting and holding the protruding portion of each support rod tip when the dust support plate projects into the furnace is provided at an intermediate position facing the dust support plate. A garbage support plate for vertical incinerators. In a vertical incinerator that incinerates industrial and general waste, it is located with a small space above an openable and incinerated ash discharge plate installed at the bottom of the incinerator. A method of controlling a refuse support plate that protrudes into and supports a load of refuse and incineration ash deposited in an incinerator,
If the detected value of the space temperature detector provided in the space between the incineration ash discharge plate and the refuse support plate exceeds a set value, an alarm is issued and the opening operation of the incineration ash discharge plate is stopped and the refuse support A method for controlling a refuse support plate in a vertical incinerator, comprising retreating the plate.

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