JPH0335575B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a vertical incinerator for incinerating garbage such as general waste and industrial waste.

(Prior art) Conventionally, a stoker furnace has been generally used as an incinerator. In this stoker furnace, garbage is placed on a grate that moves approximately horizontally, and the garbage is incinerated while moving the grate. It is structured as follows. However, in this stoker furnace, since the grate is moved approximately horizontally, the area of the grate becomes wider, the installation area of the equipment becomes larger, and the energy of the combustion gas generated during combustion is effectively and fully utilized. I haven't been able to do it.

Therefore, a vertical incinerator can be used as a solution to such problems. The mainstream of vertical incinerators is a fluidized bed type incinerator, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of this fluidized bed type vertical incinerator.

First, the garbage stored in the garbage pit (not shown) is loaded into the hopper a by a crane (not shown), crushed into small pieces by a crusher or bag breaker b, and then transferred to the incinerator body by a feeder c. It is thrown into d. There is an air distribution plate e at the bottom of the incinerator body d.
is provided, and hot sand f is deposited on this air distribution plate e. And air distribution plate e
By blowing out high-temperature combustion air g at high pressure toward the sand f from below, the sand f is blown up and becomes a fluid state in which it flows inside the incinerator body d. Therefore, when the fragmented waste is dropped into the incinerator body d which is in a fluidized state, the waste is instantly ignited by the flowing high-temperature sand f and the waste inside the incinerator body d is ignited. Burn on top freeboard d ₁ . The combustion gas generated during this combustion is at the top of the incinerator body d.
From _d2 , the dust is discharged along with the dust to a dust collector, gas cooling device, and heat exchanger (not shown) that are connected to the top _d2 . In addition, heavy incombustibles that have not been discharged as dust are taken out together with sand f to the incombustibles separator h located below.
It is separated from the sand f and discharged outside. The separated sand f is returned to the incinerator main body d by the circulation device i.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the above-mentioned fluidized vertical incinerator, in order to smoothly burn waste within the incinerator main body, a device for pre-treatment (for example, Equipment such as a crusher (or a bag-breaking machine that tears open garbage bags to loosen clumps) and a forced air blower that moves the sand inside the incinerator are required, and this forced air blower is used to blow the combustion air into the incinerator. Because it is necessary to significantly increase the air pressure,
Power consumption increases. In addition, since the amount of dust discharged together with the combustion gas to the dust collector side is extremely large, the dust collector becomes large-scale and
Troubles with gas cooling devices and heat exchangers are likely to occur due to this large amount of dust. Furthermore, since high-pressure combustion air is forced into the incinerator body, there is a high risk that the internal pressure of the incinerator body will become positive pressure. Consideration must be given to increasing the suction force of the attracting device for discharging dust from the incinerator main body to the dust collector side. Additionally, an extra process called sand circulation is required.

On the other hand, in addition to the above-mentioned fluidized incinerator, vertical incinerators include
There are thermal decomposition methods and melting methods. However, in the pyrolysis method, in order for the combustion air and combustion gas to pass through the thick layer of garbage, the pressure of the combustion air sent into the incinerator body using a forced fan must be increased, resulting in fluctuations in the quality of the garbage. Depending on the type of incinerator, there is a risk of positive pressure building up inside the incinerator, and similar to the flow type method, seals such as the waste insertion port are required. In addition, since the load of garbage is applied to the lower part of the incinerator body, a special device is required to discharge the incinerated ash accumulated at the lower part of the incinerator body to the lower part of the incinerator body. becomes complicated. Secondly, in the melting method, nonflammable materials are discharged in a high-temperature molten state, which is dangerous to handle. Further, since additives are required and power consumption increases, the cost increases and it is not economical.

Furthermore, as seen in the one described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-17709, a grate divided into multiple parts is arranged vertically in multiple stages on the same plane inside the incinerator. There has been provided a structure in which garbage (combustible material) is caused to sequentially fall downward by tilting each located grate from a material supporting position to a material falling position using a grate tilting device.

However, in the above-mentioned incinerator, most of the combustion air passes horizontally between the grate groups near the air openings arranged at the top and bottom of the incinerator.
When it reaches the next combustion zone, it only partially flows up and down between the separate pieces of the grate. Therefore,
The waste in the middle part lacks the supply of oxygen necessary for combustion, and combustion occurs mainly only on the surface of the waste in the top and bottom parts. For this reason, in order to achieve complete combustion in this incinerator, a multi-stage combustion method is used in which the thickness of the garbage deposited on each grate is made as thin as possible so that it can be easily exposed to air, and then the remaining garbage is allowed to fall downward one after another. is necessary. Therefore, in such an incinerator, the combustion gas generated on each grate hits the back surface of the adjacent upper grate and is cooled by the cooling fluid flowing inside the grate. For this reason, it is not possible to utilize much of the energy contained in the combustion gas, resulting in poor combustion efficiency and a large number of auxiliary combustion devices being required for all stages of ignition, auxiliary combustion, and secondary combustion, leading to increased operating costs. I had a problem. Furthermore, a grate tilting device is required to simultaneously tilt each grate located on the same plane, which complicates the overall configuration of the device, increasing the risk of failure. Furthermore, in this incinerator, the surface temperature of the grate is controlled by circulating a cooling fluid within the grate, but since the layer of waste that accumulates on the grate is thin, the waste on each grate is The combustion state changes greatly depending on the properties of the fuel, and the temperature of the grate changes rapidly accordingly. For this reason, even if you try to increase cooling efficiency by flowing a large amount of high-pressure water, if water vapor is generated locally, this water vapor will obstruct the flow of water, causing burnout and thermal distortion of the grate, and the high-pressure water When flowing water, there is a high risk that failures such as damage to the connecting parts due to high pressure will occur, increasing repair costs and making it difficult to maintain stable operation as a whole.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The vertical incinerator of the present invention is an incinerator that incinerates garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, and inside the incinerator body there is a A plurality of grates are provided that can be opened and closed to partition the incinerator into multiple rooms vertically, and at least one of the plurality of grate is provided so as to be able to appear and retract into the incinerator body, and this grate is A storage chamber is provided on the side of the incinerator body to store the grate when the grate is submerged from within the incinerator body, and the storage chamber also contains cooling air that is blown onto the recessed grate. The garbage that is supplied and thrown into the upper part of the incinerator body accumulates on the grate to form a sufficiently thick layer of garbage, and is sequentially sent downward while burning from the top stage to the incinerator. The structure is such that the water is discharged sequentially from the bottom end.

(Function) Garbage thrown into the incinerator body is burned as it falls sequentially from the top to the bottom through the opening and closing operations of the grate through a room partitioned into multiple stages. During this fall, the unburnt particles are loosened and the dust layer becomes more permeable, promoting combustion. In addition, all the combustion gas generated below the combustion chamber passes through the dust layer above, which accelerates the drying and ignition of the dust above, making effective use of energy during combustion.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a vertical incinerator according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a hopper, where the garbage stored in a garbage pit (not shown) is stirred for homogenization and the bags are broken to some extent, and then the garbage is picked up by a crane (not shown).
Then it is put into this hopper 1. The hopper 1 is connected to the upper part of the incinerator main body 3 via the feeder 2, and the waste thrown into the hopper 1 is transferred to the feeder 2.
A fixed amount is fed into the incinerator main body 3 by the following.

The incinerator body 3 includes a first grate 5 that can be opened and closed.
5 and second grate 6, 6 are provided above and below, and the inside of the incinerator main body 3 is partitioned into two stages.

The first grates 5, 5 are disposed on both left and right sides of the incinerator main body 3 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction. These first grates 5, 5 normally protrude into the incinerator body 3 so as to close the inside of the incinerator body 3, and the first grates 5, 5 allow the incinerator to be fed from the hopper 1. Support garbage. In this way, the upper part of the incinerator main body 3 that is closed by the first fire grates 5, 5 forms the first combustion chamber 3a. In addition, on both sides of the incinerator main body 3 where the first grate 5, 5 is located,
A storage chamber 7 that stores the first grates 5, 5 when the first grates 5, 5 are sunk from inside the incinerator main body 3;
7 is provided. Room temperature air 8 is supplied to the storage chambers 7, 7. This room temperature air 8 flows through gaps 9, 9 formed between the incinerator main body 3 and the storage chamber 7.
Air blows out into the incinerator main body 3 from the first grate 5,
5, and prevents the incinerated ash in the incinerator body 3 from entering the storage chamber 7 through the gaps 9, 9. Further, the normal temperature air 8 is also supplied to the upper part of the first combustion chamber 3a as secondary air.

The second fire grates 6, 6 are provided rotatably within the incinerator main body 3 from a horizontal position to a vertical position shown by a two-dot chain line. This second grate 6,6
A second combustion chamber 3b is defined as a second combustion chamber 3b. By rotating the second grate 6, 6 downward, the incinerated ash in the second combustion chamber 3b can be discharged to the ash discharging device 10 provided below the incinerator main body 3. .

Here, the incinerator main body 3 of the first grate 5, 5
The mounting positions for the first fire grates 5, 5 are arranged so that the dust deposited on the first fire grates 5 forms a dust layer of sufficient thickness.

Temperature-controlled combustion air 11a, 11b, 11c is supplied below the first combustion chamber 3a, second combustion chamber 3b, and second grate 6, 6 via dampers 12a, 12b, 12c, respectively. ing. The combustion air 11a, 11b, 11c is adjusted to an optimum temperature depending on the type of waste, but the air supplied to the lower part of the incinerator main body 3 is kept at a high temperature at all times in order to be combusted.

Next, a case will be described in which garbage is incinerated using the vertical incinerator configured as described above.

The garbage stored in the hopper 1 is fed by a feeder 2 into the first combustion chamber 3a of the incinerator main body 3 in a fixed amount, and is deposited on the first fire grates 5,5. The garbage accumulated on the first fire grates 5, 5 in this way forms a dust layer having a sufficient thickness. Combustion air 11a supplied to the first combustion chamber 3a
As a result, the garbage accumulated in the first combustion chamber 3a begins to burn, and the combustion gradually spreads throughout the first combustion chamber 3a. As a result, combustible garbage is
It is completely incinerated in the combustion chamber 3a and becomes incineration ash. The combustion gas generated during this combustion is transferred to the first combustion chamber 3a.
rise. That is, all the combustion gas generated in the lower part of the first combustion chamber 3a passes through the upper dust layer and ascends in the first combustion chamber 3a. During this rise, the combustion gas uses its heat to promote ignition and gasification of the garbage at the top, and also dries the garbage. Furthermore, the combustion gas that has risen to the upper part of the first combustion chamber 3a is re-combusted by the secondary air 8 that is supplied to this upper part. The radiant heat during combustion not only pre-dries the waste thrown into the first combustion chamber 3a, but also burns paper and plastic, which have low ignition points, and promotes them becoming ignition sources. Next, when the combustion has progressed to a certain extent, the first grates 5, 5 are lowered from inside the incinerator main body 3, and the incineration residue at the lower part of the first combustion chamber 3a is transferred to the second combustion chamber 3b by the capacity of the second combustion chamber 3b. grate 6,
6. Drop it on top. After that, the first grates 5, 5 are again projected into the incinerator body 3 and closed. At this time of ejection, the residue that has fallen into the second combustion chamber 3b is incineration ash containing some flame retardants and unburned materials, and there is little resistance from the garbage, so the first grates 5, 5 eject smoothly. can do. Second combustion chamber 3
In b, the first fire grates 5, 5 support the load of the garbage accumulated in the first combustion chamber 3a, so there is no compression due to the garbage on the upper part, and the chunks of unburned materials collapse due to the shock when they fall. Therefore, the permeability of the incinerated ash stored in the second combustion chamber 3b is improved. Then, when high-temperature combustion air 11b, 11c is supplied, unburned materials in the incineration ash are easily combusted by the remaining sparks. Combustion air 11b, 1
There is no need to increase the pressure of 1c because the incineration ash has good air permeability. Further, since the combustion gas generated during combustion in the second combustion chamber 3b rises and passes through the first combustion chamber 3a, combustion in the first combustion chamber 3a is further promoted. Therefore, the energy during combustion can be used effectively. Thereafter, the second fire grates 6, 6 are rotated downward to cause the incinerated ash in the second combustion chamber 3b to fall into the ash transport device 10. in this way,
Inside the incinerator body 3, garbage is sequentially sent from the top to the bottom for combustion.

Furthermore, during combustion in the second combustion chamber 3b, the first grate 5, 5 is exposed to high temperature, but the room temperature air 8 supplied from the gap 9, 9 between the storage chamber 7 and the incinerator main body 3 Since the first grates 5, 5 are cooled, burning of the first grates 5, 5 due to high temperatures is prevented. Further, incineration ash is prevented from entering the storage chamber 7 side through the gaps 9, 9.

Note that in this example, the incinerator body 3 is partitioned into two stages, upper and lower, by two grate;
The inside of the incinerator main body 3 may be partitioned into two or more stages by three or more grate. Further, the opening/closing mechanism of the first grates 5, 5 and the second grates 6, 6 is not limited to this example. For example, the first grates 5, 5 may use a damping throttle divided into plural parts, As the two grates 6, 6, an inclined inverted grate may be used.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, compared to a fluidized vertical incinerator, the waste inside the incinerator is supported by the grate on each floor, so the waste is moved downwards. Because the waste layer has good air permeability without being compressed, the pressure of the combustion air sent into the incinerator body by the forced blower can be reduced, and the waste pre-treatment equipment and sand can be transported inside the incinerator body. No equipment such as a forced air blower is required. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced and it is economical. Furthermore, since the pressure of the combustion air can be reduced, there is less risk of positive pressure building up inside the incinerator body, and there is no need to seal the waste insertion port or the like. Furthermore, since the amount of dust discharged along with the combustion gas to the dust collector side is extremely small, the burden on the dust collector can be reduced, and troubles caused by dust to the gas cooling device and heat exchanger can be prevented. Can be done.

In addition, when the combustion gas generated in the lower part of the incinerator body rises and passes through the upper garbage layer, it promotes ignition and gasification of the garbage in the upper part, and also dries the garbage and promotes combustion. Therefore, the energy contained in the combustion gas can be used effectively without wasting it.

Furthermore, the grate installed inside the incinerator body so that it can appear and retract freely is cooled by cooling air that is blown onto the grate through the storage chamber, which prevents the grate from burning out due to high temperatures. At the same time, this air can be effectively used as combustion air. In addition, the cooling air blown onto the grate through the storage chamber can prevent incinerated ash from entering the storage chamber from the incinerator main body side.
This incinerated ash does not interfere with the operation of the grate, allowing the grate to move in and out smoothly. Moreover, since the configuration is simple, there is less risk of failure compared to conventional ones.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a vertical incinerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a vertical incinerator using a fluid flow system. 3... Incinerator main body, 5, 5... First grate,
6, 6...Second grate, 7...Storage room, 8...Normal temperature air (air for cooling).

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An incinerator for incinerating garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, which has a plurality of fires inside the incinerator main body which are divided vertically into a plurality of rooms. A grate is provided so as to be openable and closable, and at least one of the plurality of grate is provided so as to be freely retractable into the incinerator main body, and a grate is provided on the side of the incinerator main body where the grate is located. A storage chamber is provided to store the grate when it sinks from inside the incinerator body, and the storage chamber is also supplied with cooling air that blows onto the sunken grate, which is injected into the upper part of the incinerator body. The waste is deposited on the grate to form a sufficiently thick layer of waste, and the waste is sequentially sent downward from the top layer while being burned, and is sequentially discharged from the bottom of the incinerator. A vertical incinerator characterized by