JPH04158110A - Incinerator and method of incineration thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a fire grate unnecessary and provide an incinerator in a simple construction by providing a support plate freely movable back and forth which projects during the discharge of the incineration ash into the upper layer section of the incineration ash layer which is formed by the incineration ash at the time of its discharge supports refuses and the incineration ash positioned higher than the position where the support plate projects. CONSTITUTION:Refuses are burned in a refuse layer 15b where they are sent from above, and at the same time matters which are hard to be burned and a part that is not burned are burned completely in a placement layer 15c and they are stored in the ash layer 15d. In this stage refuse support plates 4 and 4 are projected into the upper layer of the ash layer 15d and they support the weights of the upper refuse layer 15b higher than the support plates 4 and 4 and the refuses and incineration ash in the placement layer 15c and the upper layer of the ash layer 15d, and incineration ash discharge plates 5 and 5 are rotated to drop the incineration ash on an ash discharge device 9. After the incineration ash discharge plates 5 and 5 are returned to their original positions, the refuse support plates 4 and 4 are withdrawn from the main body 3 of the incinerator to let the incineration ash in the upper sections and the incineration residues drop to the bottom and the permeability in the ash layer 15d, combustion layer 15c, and refuse layer 15b becomes thereby good and unburned matters are burned easily.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an incinerator for incinerating garbage such as general waste and industrial waste.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, the present applicant has filed an application for a vertical incinerator in which the incinerator body is provided with a plurality of grates that can be opened and closed to partition the incinerator main body into a plurality of upper and lower chambers. The garbage put into the upper part of the incinerator body accumulates on the grate to form a sufficiently thick layer of garbage, and is transferred from the top layer downward while being burned, becoming incinerated ash, which is stored in the incinerator. It was designed to be discharged sequentially from the bottom.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, since garbage contains flame-retardant materials such as materials with high water content and poor ventilation, and large lumps that are difficult to crush, the main combustion chamber is not necessarily the main combustion chamber. The combustion may not be completed and combustion may continue in the combustion chamber below this combustion chamber, or plastic etc. may melt and drip and ignite at the bottom, causing the grate that supports the garbage in the upper combustion chamber to Exposure to high heat from the back. For this reason, even if the grate is cooled by blowing cooling air onto the grate, there is a problem in that the cooling is insufficient, causing thermal distortion and burnout.

In addition, there was a risk that the ventilation holes formed in the grate would be clogged with incinerated ash and foreign matter, obstructing the passage of combustion gas and combustion air, or that clinker would be fused to the ventilation holes, impeding the opening/closing operation.

The present invention was made in view of the above problem, and by making the incineration ash layer that accumulates at the bottom of the incinerator body serve as a grate, the grate is no longer necessary, and the incineration system has a simple structure. The purpose is to provide a furnace.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The incinerator of the present invention is an incinerator that incinerates garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, and the bottom of the incinerator body is equipped with incineration waste that is deposited at the bottom due to combustion. A discharge device for discharging ash is provided to be openable and closable, and at the bottom of the incinerator body, when the discharge device discharges the incineration ash, the incineration ash is deposited and the incineration ash layer is formed. A garbage support plate that supports the garbage and incineration ash at the top is provided so that it can be moved out and back.

In addition, in the incineration method of the present invention, the garbage inputted from the upper part of the incinerator body is sent downward by its own weight while being burned, and an incineration ash layer is formed in the lower part of the incinerator body.
A garbage support plate is made to protrude above the incineration ash layer to support the garbage and incineration ash above this garbage support plate, and then the discharge device provided at the bottom of the incinerator body is opened to release the garbage from the garbage support plate. The incineration ash below will also be discharged.

(Function) When garbage is sequentially put into the incinerator body and burned, the burned incineration ash is sent downward by its own weight and is deposited at the lower part of the incinerator body, forming an incineration ash layer. and,
A garbage support plate is made to protrude into this incineration ash layer, and this garbage support plate supports the garbage and incineration ash at the top. Next, the discharge device at the bottom of the incinerator body is opened to remove the incineration ash below the garbage support plate. discharge. After that, the discharge device is closed, and the garbage support plate is sunk into the incinerator main body to drop the incinerated ash and garbage on the upper part of the garbage support plate downward.

(Example) Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an incinerator according to the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a hopper, in which garbage stored in a garbage pit (not shown) is stirred for homogenization, and after the bag is broken to some extent, it is thrown into the hopper 1 by a crane (not shown). The hopper 1 is connected to a waste supply port 3a formed at the upper part of the incinerator main body 3 via a feeder 2.
The garbage put into the hopper 1 is fed by a feeder 2 into the incinerator main body 3 in fixed amounts.

The incinerator main body 3 is provided with a garbage support plate 4.4 and incinerated ash discharge plates (discharge device) 5, 5 at the top and bottom.

The garbage support plate 4.4 is provided in the incinerator body 3 so as to be able to appear and retract from the incinerator body 3. Normally, the garbage support plate 4.4 is placed in a recessed state from within the incinerator body 3 as shown in the figure, and the incinerated ash discharge plate 5.5 is Only when the incinerator is opened and the incinerated ash is discharged, as shown by the dashed line in the figure, does it protrude above the ash layer 15d inside the incinerator main body 3, and the garbage and burnt incineration that are above this garbage support plate 4.4 are removed. Support the ash load.

On both sides of the incinerator main body 3 where the garbage support plates 4, 4 are located,
A storage chamber 6.6 is provided to accommodate the waste support plate 4.4 when the waste support plate 4.4 is submerged from within the incinerator body 3. These storage chambers 6.6 are supplied with cooling air 7a branched from an air source 7 at room temperature. This cooling air 7a is blown out into the incinerator main body 3 from the gaps 8, 8 formed between the incinerator main body 3 and the storage chamber 6, and is blown out into the incinerator main body 3.
4, and also prevents the incinerated ash in the incinerator main body 3 from entering the storage chamber 6.6 through this gap 8.8.

The incinerated ash discharge plate 5.5 is provided at the bottom of the incinerator body 3 so as to be rotatable from a horizontal position to a vertical position shown by a dashed line. After supporting the upper layer of the ash layer 15d in the lower part of the incinerator main body 3 by the garbage support plate 4°4,
By rotating the incinerated ash discharge plates 5, 5 downward, the incinerated ash can be discharged to the ash discharging device 9 provided below the incinerator main body 3. In other words, the dust support plates 4, 4
is provided to assist in the discharge of incinerated ash by the incinerated ash discharge plate 5.5.

Further, temperature-controlled combustion air 10a, 10b is provided in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the incinerator body 3, respectively.

10c is supplied via dampers lla, llb, llc. These combustion air 10a, 10b.

10C is adjusted to the optimum temperature depending on the quality of the waste.

An ignition burner 12 is installed on the opposite side of the incinerator body 3 from the waste supply port 3a, and is used for igniting waste at the start of work or for auxiliary combustion when the temperature inside the furnace drops. Further, a combustion gas outlet 13 is provided at the top of the incinerator body 3.

Next, a method of incinerating waste using the incinerator configured as described above will be explained.

Here, the inside of the incinerator main body 3 during normal operation is divided into a flame layer 15a, a garbage layer 15b, a combustion layer 15c, and an ash layer 15d from the top depending on the combustion state of garbage.

First, the garbage stored in the hobber 1 is fed into the incinerator main body 3 in a fixed amount by the feeder 2 through the garbage supply port 3a. At the start of operation, the garbage is deposited on the ash layer 15d at the bottom of the incinerator main body 3, heated by the ignition burner 12, and started to burn by the combustion air 10a, 10b, starting with the most combustible garbage. The ash becomes ash and is deposited in the combustion layer 15C together with flame-retardant garbage while retaining ignition material.

If garbage is supplied from the feeder 2 in this state, the garbage will be deposited on the garbage layer 15b, ignited by the heat of the combustion layer 15c and the combustion air 11a, and combustion will gradually spread to the entire garbage layer 15b, shifting to a normal operating state. do.

During this combustion, a combustion layer 15c and a garbage layer 15b are stored.
The combustion gas generated in the lower layer passes through the garbage layer 15b and rises. During this rise, the combustion gas uses its heat to promote ignition and gasification of the garbage at the top, and also dries the garbage.

Further, the combustion gas that has risen to the flame layer 15a is re-combusted by the secondary air 7b branched from the room temperature air source 7 supplied above the flame layer 15a, and is then discharged from the combustion gas outlet 13 to the next process. . The radiant heat during this combustion not only pre-dries the waste thrown into the waste layer 15b, but also burns paper and plastics with low ignition points to encourage them to become ignites.

In this way, the garbage is sequentially sent from the top to the bottom and burned in the garbage layer 15b, and the flame retardant materials and some remaining unburned materials are completely burned in the combustion layer 15c and become ash. It is stored in the ash layer 15d.

Then, in the ash layer 15d, the supplied combustion air 10C completes combustion of the unburned materials remaining in the upper layer of the ash layer 15d, and cools the incinerated ash and low melting point metal from below. At this time, the air and combustion gas rising from the ash layer 15d pass through the combustion layer 15C and pass through the garbage layer 1.
5b, which facilitates the combustion of the garbage above, and further promotes the drying, ignition, and gasification of the garbage.

In other words, the ash layer 15d functions like a conventional fire grate.

When the combustion of the incineration ash is completed, at this stage the garbage support plate 4,
4 protrudes above the ash layer 15d in the incinerator body 3, and the load of garbage and incinerated ash on the upper layer of the garbage layer 15b, the combustion layer 15c, and the ash layer 15d located above the garbage support plates 4, 4. support. At this time of protrusion, the garbage support plate 4
．． Since combustion of the garbage is completed at position 4, it is possible to have a simple structure without the need for ventilation holes such as a grate on the garbage support plate 4.4, and because there is little resistance due to garbage. , the dirt support plate 4.4 can be smoothly projected.

After the garbage support plate 4.4 is projected in this manner, the incinerated ash discharge plate 5.5 is rotated downward, and the incinerated ash below the garbage support plates 4, 4 is dropped into the ash transport device 9.

After discharging the incinerated ash, return the incinerated ash discharge plates 5, 5 upward, and then lower the garbage support plate 4.4 from inside the incinerator body 3, and remove the remaining incinerated ash on the upper part of the garbage support plate 4.4. The incineration residue of the combustion layer 15c is dropped to the bottom, and the garbage layer 15b is also sequentially dropped.

The shock caused by this fall not only improves the permeability of the ash layer 15d, but also breaks down the unburned lumps in the burnt layer 15c and the garbage layer 15b, improving the permeability of the entire layer. Air will be able to pass inside.

Therefore, when the high-temperature combustion air 10b, 10c is supplied, unburned materials in the incineration ash are easily combusted by the remaining sparks.

Further, the supply pressure of the combustion air 10b and IOC does not need to be increased because the combustion layer 15c and the ash layer 15d have good air permeability, and the drying efficiency is good, so the excess rate of supplied air can be reduced.

The incinerator configured in this way allows garbage to be burned almost evenly at high temperatures, and as mentioned above, the excess rate of supplied air is low, reducing the amount of exhaust gas during combustion. can lengthen the residence time. This is effective for sterilization and decomposition of dioxins, and sterilization is particularly effective for burning medical waste.

Further, the time when the garbage support plate 4.4 protrudes into the incinerator body 3 is when the temperature of the ash layer 15d has decreased, and the time is short, so there is no risk of thermal distortion or burnout due to high temperatures. Further, the upper surface of the incinerated ash discharge plate 5.5 is in contact with the incinerated ash cooled by the combustion air 10c, and the lower surface is cooled by the outside air, so that it is not affected by high temperatures as well.

Note that the opening/closing mechanism of the garbage support plates 4, 4 and the incinerated ash discharge plates 5, 5 is not limited to this example. For example, the garbage support plates may be made into vertically rotatable plates or lattice structures, and the incineration ash discharge A tilted inverted grate may be used as the plate.

(Effects of the invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the incineration ash layer no longer plays the role of the conventional grate, and there is no need to install a grate inside the incinerator body as in the conventional case. The equipment is simple, there is no need to worry about equipment burnout, thermal distortion or trouble, combustion energy can be used effectively, and operating costs are low.

In addition, the garbage support plate and the incinerated ash discharge plate do not require a complicated mechanism for passing combustion air and combustion gas, unlike a conventional fire grate, and can have a simple structure, thereby eliminating malfunctions.

Furthermore, by protruding the garbage support plate into the incinerator body, it is possible to destroy clinker lumps that tend to occur on the top of the garbage support plate when incinerating high-quality garbage, making it possible to completely incinerate the garbage and easily discharge the incinerated ash. Become.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a schematic configuration of an incinerator according to the present invention. 3...Incinerator body 4.4...Garbage support plate 5.5...Incinerated ash discharge plate (discharge device) Applicant Branchtsuk Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Yoshi Kurauchi ml, -5,-=,2 Voluntary procedural amendment December 5, 1990 2. Name of the invention Incinerator and its incineration method 3. Relationship with the person making the amendment Patent applicant address 1-6-17 Kyomachibori, Nishi-ku, Osaka Name Name
Plantic 4 Co., Ltd., Agent Address: 530-06-364-8253 Address: 4-4-18-6 Nishitenma, Kita-ku, Osaka City, "Detailed Description of the Invention" column 7 of the specification to be amended , in lines 6 and 7 on page 12 of the Statement of Contents of the Amendment, the phrase ``This is sterilization, ... especially sterilization'' was replaced with ``This is effective for sterilization and decomposition of dioxins, and especially for sterilization.'' Sterilization is corrected to ``.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) An incinerator for incinerating garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, wherein a discharge device is opened and closed at the bottom of the incinerator body to discharge incinerated ash deposited at the bottom due to combustion. In addition, the lower part of the incinerator main body is provided with a structure that protrudes above the incinerated ash layer formed by the accumulation of incinerated ash when the incinerated ash is discharged by the above-mentioned discharge device, and removes garbage and incinerated ash above this layer. An incinerator characterized in that a supporting garbage support plate is provided so as to be freely retractable. 2) Garbage introduced from the top of the incinerator body is burned and sent downward by its own weight to form an incineration ash layer at the bottom of the incinerator body, and then a garbage support plate is placed on top of the incineration ash layer. The projecting device supports the garbage and incinerated ash above this garbage support plate, and then opens the discharge device provided at the bottom of the incinerator body to discharge the incinerated ash below the garbage support plate. Characteristic incineration method.