JP2952160B2 - Waste incineration method, grate, incinerator and incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for incinerating waste, and more particularly to a method for incinerating waste containing plastic, rubber, etc., as well as a grate, an incinerator and an incinerator. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, waste materials having a low calorific value, such as paper, cloth, and wood, have been used in many cases. However, recent waste materials include polymers such as vinyl, plastic, and styrene foam.
Those with high calorific values are increasing. As a result, the combustion temperature increases, and incinerators that burn such wastes, particularly grate, are severely damaged.

Recently, incinerators of this type have been used to partially combust waste in a primary combustion furnace to gasify the waste in order to detoxify and deodorize smoke and to lower the combustion temperature. Etc. are guided into the secondary combustion furnace and completely burned,
Dry distillation gasification and incineration is being adopted.

[0004] For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 20, a grate is provided at the bottom of the primary combustion furnace, air for combustion is supplied below the grate, and waste is partially burned on the grate to gasify. Some of the generated combustible gases are guided from the upper part of the primary combustion furnace to the secondary combustion furnace and are completely burned.

Further, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-187903, combustion air pressurized from a lower space partitioned by a grate toward a packed layer of organic combustibles is dispersed and injected. Burning the organic combustibles into gas, releasing the remaining combustible gas, combustion gas and combustion air into the space below the grate, and combusting the remaining combustible gas in this space with the heat of combustion. There is.

[0006]

In the former described in the prior art, when the combustion air passes through the gap of the grate from below to above, it cools the grate and causes thermal damage to the grate. There is an advantage to prevent. However, in the case of polymer-based garbage, the combustion process takes place in the order of melting, vaporization, and burning. Often burns. For this reason, the grate is heated and thermal damage becomes severe. If the gap of the grate is narrowed to prevent this, the supply of air from below is reduced, adversely affecting combustion and causing black smoke. In addition, there was a problem that the cooling effect of the combustion air on the grate was also deteriorated. Further, the combustible gas and the like generated in the primary combustion furnace are discharged from the upper part while touching the waste in the furnace, so that they are turned into yellow smoke, which causes a problem in the subsequent treatment.

[0007] In the latter, combustion air is dispersed and injected from below the grate to burn and burn organic combustibles, and the remaining combustible gas, combustion gas and combustion air are removed.
The grate is sucked into the space below the grate and the remaining combustible gas is burned by the heat of combustion in this space, so the grate is heated from the top and bottom and the grate is more thermally damaged than the former. There was a problem that it was no good.

[0008] In recent incinerators, it is required to collect garbage in a lump. However, the lump in the incinerator increases the impact load on the grate, and there is a problem that the grate is damaged. Also, to prevent thermal damage to the grate,
Although the grate is formed as a hollow grate and cooled by passing cooling water through the grate, it has a problem of being vulnerable to impact.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and has as its object to provide a grate having less heat damage and high strength, and an incinerator having the same. And a method and apparatus for burning waste.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A waste incineration method according to the present invention cools a grate of an incinerator, blows air from the grate into the waste put on the grate, and combustible gas or the like. Is sucked into a combustion section provided below the space between the grate and burned.

More specifically, a fire grate in which a plurality of outer cylinders containing an inner cylinder are disposed at appropriate intervals is cooled by passing cooling water between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. This is a method in which air is blown into the waste put on the grate from a plurality of air blowing nozzles that are planted in the longitudinal direction and penetrate the outer cylinder.

More specifically, a method of blowing air into the upper part of the incinerator.

[0013] More specifically, a method of blowing air from the outer wall of the combustion section.

[0014] The waste incineration method according to the present invention is directed to a method for disposing waste from a grate of an incinerator having a storage section having a waste inlet, a carbonization section having a grate at the bottom, and a combustion section from the top. In this method, air is blown into an object, air is blown from an upper portion of a storage section, air is blown into a combustion section, and combustible gas and the like are sucked into the combustion section and burned.

[0015] More specifically, there is a method in which air is blown into a deodorizing and deodorizing furnace provided to be connected to the combustion part to deodorize and deodorize.

A grate according to the present invention is provided with an outer cylinder having a water inlet / outlet at an end, an inner cylinder provided inside the outer cylinder and having an air inlet at an end, and is implanted in a longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder. It comprises a plurality of air blowing nozzles penetrating the outer cylinder, and the outer cylinders containing the inner cylinder are arranged at appropriate intervals.

More specifically, a water jacket connected to a cooling pump is provided at one end of the outer cylinder, and a water jacket connected to a water cooling device is provided at the other end of the outer cylinder. Outside the water jacket, there is provided an air jacket which is connected to the inner cylinder and is connected to the air fan, and the outer cylinder including the inner cylinder is disposed at an angle.

In the incinerator according to the present invention, the above-mentioned grate is provided at the lower part.

More specifically, a storage section having a waste inlet, a dry distillation section having the grate at the bottom, and a combustion section are sequentially provided from the top. More specifically, an air nozzle is provided on a side wall of the combustion section, and an air supply port is provided above the storage section.

[0020] The incinerator according to the present invention includes:
A deodorizing and deodorizing furnace is connected.

More specifically, the combustion unit and the deodorizing unit
An air jacket for supplying air to an air nozzle provided on the outer wall is provided on the outer periphery of the outer wall of the smoke-removing furnace.

[0022]

[Function] In a grate composed of an outer cylinder including an inner cylinder, cooling water is supplied between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and air is supplied to the inner cylinder to be implanted in the inner cylinder. Air is blown into the waste from an air nozzle penetrating the cylinder, and the partial combustion of the waste and the carbon combustion of the unburned matter after the partial combustion are simultaneously performed on the grate, and the generated carbonaceous red matter and ash are produced. Drop into the combustion section. On the other hand, combustible gas and the like are sucked by a suction air fan into a combustion section provided below the space between the grate and burned by blowing air. The exhaust gas sucked from the combustion section into the deodorizing and deodorizing furnace is burned by air blowing and a burner to be deodorized and deodorized. Next, the exhaust gas is sent to a heat recovery device and a dust collection device and purified, and is discharged to the atmosphere through a chimney.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a main part of a grate, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an incinerator and a deodorizing / smoke removing furnace, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the entire incinerator.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, what is indicated by reference numeral 1 is an outer cylinder constituting a grate 10, and an inner cylinder 2 is inserted therein. A plurality of air blowing nozzles 3 penetrating the outer cylinder 1 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 2. That is, the grate 10 of the incinerator according to the present invention is configured such that a plurality of outer cylinders 1 including the inner cylinder 2 are arranged at appropriate intervals.

The outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 are constituted by a cylinder, a hollow prism, a hollow triangular prism, or the like. For example, when both are cylinders, the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 1 is preferably 70 to 100 mm, and the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 2 is preferably 25 to 40 mm from the viewpoints of securing the cooling water and the air passage and the strength described later. . The outer diameter of the air blowing nozzle 3 is desirably 10 to 25 mm. The air blowing nozzle 3 is welded so as to protrude from the outer periphery of the outer cylinder 1 by about 10 mm. Also, the gap between the outer cylinders is appropriately determined according to the type of waste,
It is desirable to set it to 100 to 150 mm. This interval can be adjusted by providing a projection on the outer cylinder 1 or the like. Further, it is desirable that the outer cylinder 1, the inner cylinder 2, and the air blowing nozzle 3 are all made of stainless steel. Further, the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 are connected via the air blowing nozzle 3, and a so-called truss structure is formed therebetween, so that the strength of the grate 10 is increased.

A water jacket 4 having a cooling water supply port 4a is provided at one end of the plurality of outer cylinders 1, and a water jacket 5 having a cooling water outlet 5a is provided at the other end of the outer cylinder 1. I have. One end of each of the plurality of inner cylinders 2 is communicated with an air jacket 6 provided outside one of the water jackets 5 and having an air supply port 6a, and the other end of the inner cylinder 2 is connected to the outside in the embodiment shown in FIG. It is sealed inside the cylinder 1. Note that the strength of the grate 10 can be further improved by penetrating and sealing the other water jacket 4. The outer cylinder 1 containing the inner cylinder 2 is disposed at a lower part of an incinerator 30 described later at an inclination angle of 5 ° or more with respect to a horizontal line so that a cooling water outlet is higher than an inlet. Have been. In this way, a cooling water passage is formed between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2, and an air passage communicating with the air blowing nozzle 3 is formed inside the inner cylinder 2.

Contrary to the above-described embodiment, an air blowing nozzle 3 is implanted in the outer cylinder 1, and an air passage communicating with the air blowing nozzle 3 is formed between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2. It is also possible to form a grate 10 having a cooling water passage formed inside the inner cylinder 2. Next, an incinerator 30 having the grate 10 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The incinerator 30 includes a storage unit 11 having a waste input port 11a, and a dry distillation unit 12 provided with the grate 10 below.
And a combustion section 13, which are sequentially arranged from the top.

The storage section 11 is provided with a waste inlet 11a at the top and upper side wall thereof, and can be sealed by a lid 11b. Further, an air supply port 11c is provided in an upper part of the storage unit 11. At the lower part of the carbonization section 12, the above-described grate 10 is provided so as to extend therethrough.
Water jackets 4 and 5 for supplying cooling water and air to the grate 10 and an air jacket 6 are provided on the outer periphery of the side wall (see FIG. 2). In addition, a short furnace may be provided separately below the carbonization section 12, and the grate 10, the water jackets 4, 5 and the like may be provided there. In this way, the grate 1
Replacement and maintenance of 0 are easy. Further, on the side wall of the dry distillation section 12, an auxiliary combustion burner 12a for ignition is provided toward the vicinity of the upper part of the grate 10, and an inspection port 12b is further provided.

On the inner wall of the connection part between the storage part 11 and the dry distillation part 12, a convex throttle member 31 is provided over the entire circumference. The waste put into the storage unit 11 forms a bridge by the throttle member 31 and falls into the dry distillation unit 12 by an appropriate amount. The storage unit 11 and the dry distillation unit 12 may be used in accordance with the size of the incinerator 30 and the type of waste.
May be integrated without being separated. Further, the aperture member 3
1 need not be provided. A plurality of air nozzles 13a are provided through the outer wall of the combustion unit 13 and communicate with an air jacket 13b provided on the outer periphery of the outer wall.
The side wall is provided with an outlet 13c for ash or the like. Further, a burner is provided as needed.

A deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14 is connected to the combustion section 13 of the incinerator 30. Similarly to the combustion part 13, a plurality of air nozzles 14a,
An air jacket 14b and a burner 14c are provided. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14 is provided on the side of the incinerator 30 as a separate body from the incinerator 30, but may be integrated instead of as a separate body. Further, if necessary, the deodorizing / smoke removing furnace 14 may not be provided. In addition,
On the inner walls of the incinerator 30 and the deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14, a refractory furnace material 32 is laid.

A chimney may be provided in the combustion section 13 or the deodorizing / smoke removing furnace 14 to form the incinerator 40. However, as shown in FIG.
It is desirable to arrange the heat recovery device 15, the dust collecting device 16 and the like to form the incinerator 40. As the heat recovery device 15, a device that allows exhaust gas to pass through a heat exchanger 15a having a water jacket and recovers exhaust heat as hot water is used. As the dust collecting device 16, water is stored in a water tank 16.
A device is used in which the dust is collected from the nozzle a through a showering pump 16b to a nozzle 16d provided above a scrubber 16c, and is injected into exhaust gas to collect dust. The detoxified exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 17 to the atmosphere through the above-described device.

In addition, combustible gas, combustion gas, and combustion air (hereinafter, referred to as combustible gas, etc.) generated from wastes are
Any of the combustion unit 13, the deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14, the heat recovery unit 15, and the dust collection unit 16 are drawn into the combustion unit 13 provided below the gap of the grate 10, burned and released to the atmosphere. A suction air fan 18 is provided at the rear end of the air fan. However, depending on the incinerator 40, only the chimney 17 may be provided and the air fan 18 may not be provided.

As shown in FIG. 3, in order to supply air to the above-described grate 10, the upper part of the storage part 11, the combustion part 13, and the air jackets 13b, 14b provided in the deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14. Is provided with an air fan 19 for supplying air. That is, air is supplied to the upper part of the grate 10 and the storage part 11 via the valve 19a. Air is supplied to the combustion section 13 from one end of an air jacket 13b provided on a side wall thereof, and is supplied from the other end of the jacket 13b to an air jacket 13b provided on a bottom wall via a valve 19b. The air is supplied through an air nozzle 13a penetrating the outer wall. Air is supplied to the deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14 by the combustion unit 1 described above.
The other end of the air jacket 13b is supplied through a valve 19c to an air jacket 14b provided on the outer periphery of the side wall, and is supplied through an air nozzle 14a.

A cooling pump 20 is provided to supply cooling water to the inside of the outer cylinder 1 of the above-described grate 10.
The cooling water from the cooling pump 20 enters the water jacket 4 provided at one end of the grate 10, passes through the gap between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2, passes through the water jacket 5 provided at the other end, It returns to the cooling pump 20 via a water cooling tank 21 as a water cooling device. The supply directions of the cooling water and the air may be either the same (see FIG. 2) or the facing direction (see FIG. 3). Further, when burning waste having a low calorific value, cooling water may not be supplied to the inside of the outer cylinder 1 in some cases.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

The lid 11b of the waste inlet 11a provided at the upper part of the incinerator 30 is opened, and the waste is introduced onto the grate 10 provided at the lower part of the carbonization unit 12. When a predetermined amount of waste is put into the carbonization section 12 and the storage section 11, the cover 1
1b is closed, and the cooling pump 20 is driven to supply cooling water into the outer cylinder 1 of the grate 10.

Next, the auxiliary burner 12a provided on the upper part of the grate 10 is ignited, and the waste on the grate 10 is ignited. Next, the air fan 19 is driven to blow air into the ignited waste from the air blow-out nozzle 3 implanted in the inner cylinder 2 of the grate 10. Thus, when the partial combustion is started, the auxiliary burner 12a is stopped. The air volume is
It can be adjusted by the valve 19a. Even if the auxiliary burner 12a is stopped, the partial combustion of waste and the combustion of unburned carbon after partial combustion are simultaneously promoted on the grate 10 by blowing air from the grate 10,
The waste is carbonized. At this time, a carbonaceous red-hot substance at 600 to 800 ° C. is formed on the upper part of the grate 10, and becomes ash when the carbon combustion further proceeds. The formed carbonaceous red matter and ash fall into the combustion part 13 sequentially. When the waste in the dry distillation section 12 is reduced by the combustion 13, the waste in the storage section 11 is reduced by the action of the throttle member 31 provided on the inner wall.
It falls into the carbonization section 12 by an appropriate amount.

On the other hand, the combustible gas and the like are sucked by the suction force of the air fan 18 into the combustion section 13 provided below the space between the grate 10. Further, a part of the combustible gas rises into the storage part 11, but a predetermined amount of air is always blown into the upper part of the storage part 11, so that the pressure lowers and the suction part 13 is easily sucked into the combustion part 13. Is done.

The combustible gas and the carbonaceous red matter dropped into the combustion unit 13 are completely burned by blowing air from an air nozzle 13 a provided on the outer wall of the combustion unit. At this time, the temperature of the combustion part is 800 ~ 1000 ℃
Becomes As described above, even if the upper and lower portions of the grate 10 become extremely hot, the grate 10 is cooled from the inside, so that the surface temperature is maintained at about 60 ° C. and thermal damage can be avoided.

Since the grate 10 is inclined so as to be higher in the flow direction of the cooling water with respect to the horizontal line, the cooling water passing through the outer cylinder 1 is heated and Even if bubbles are generated, they are transferred to the water tank 21,
It is possible to prevent a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the grate 10.
If the outer cylinder 1 of the grate 10 is a cylinder, the dry distillation section 12
Combustible gas, carbonaceous red-hot matter, ash, etc. can be easily sucked and dropped from the combustion unit 13. Deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 1 from combustion unit 13
The exhaust gas sucked by the air blower 4 is burned by blowing air from an air nozzle 14a provided on the outer wall and the flame of the burner 14c to decompose deodorized components. Since the deodorized and deodorized exhaust gas has a high temperature, it is desirable to recover the heat.
Therefore, the exhaust gas is transferred to the heat exchanger 15 having a water jacket.
a, etc., and passes through a heat recovery device 15 to recover as hot water or the like. Next, the exhaust gas is sent to a dust collector 16, and the exhaust gas purified here is discharged to the atmosphere by a chimney 17.

When the amount of waste in the storage unit 11 is low, the lid 1 of the waste input port 11a provided in the storage unit 11
Open 1b and put waste. As described above, since air is always supplied from the air supply port 11c provided in the upper part of the storage unit 11, even if the lid 11b is opened, the combustible gas does not come into contact with the outside air, and an explosion can be avoided. it can. The amount of air supplied is such that the pressure inside the incinerator does not become negative due to the reduction of waste and the suction of combustible gas and the like, so that there is no hindrance to dry distillation gasification combustion.

When waste is charged and the temperature of the dry distillation section 12 is lowered, the auxiliary burner 12a automatically operates, so that combustion is not hindered.

When the incineration of the waste has been completed, the door of the discharge port 14c provided on the side of the combustion section is opened, and the ash is scraped out.

[0044]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, since cooling water is supplied between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the grate, thermal damage due to high temperature can be minimized. Also, regardless of the grate gap,
Since air can be sent from the air nozzle, combustion is not adversely affected. Further, the so-called grate is composed of an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder provided inside the outer cylinder, and a plurality of air blowing nozzles that are implanted in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder and pass through the outer cylinder. The truss structure has the advantage that the grate has high strength. In addition, air is supplied from the upper part of the incinerator, and combustible gas and the like are sucked into the combustion section provided below the gap between the grate, burned, deodorized, deodorized, and collected, so that the exhaust gas is effective. Harmless. In addition, even if the door is opened to input waste, there is no danger that the combustible gas will come into contact with air and explode.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a main part of a grate.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an incinerator and a deodorizing / smoke removing furnace.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the entire incinerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer cylinder 2 Inner cylinder 3 Air blowing nozzle 4,5 Water jacket 6 Air jacket 10 Grate 11 Storage section 11a Waste input port 11b Lid 11c Air supply port 12 Drying section 12a Combustion burner 13 Combustion section 13a Air nozzle 13b Air jacket 14 Deodorizing and deodorizing furnace 14a Air nozzle 14b Air jacket 14c Burner 15 Heat recovery device 16 Dust collecting device 17 Chimney 18, 19 Air fan 20 Cooling pump 21 Water cooling tank (water cooling device) 30 Incinerator 31 Restrictor 32 Refractory furnace material 40 Incinerator

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F23G 5/027 ZAB F23H 1/02 F23H 3/02

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. An incinerator that blows air from a grate side into waste put on a grate and draws in combustible gas obtained by dry distillation from a gap in the grate to burn it. The grate (10) has a water jacket (4, 5) at the end.
And an inner cylinder (2) provided with a gap inside the outer cylinder (1) and having an end communicating with the air jacket (6). It comprises a plurality of air blowing nozzles (3) implanted upward in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder (2) and penetrating and connected to the outer cylinder (1), and includes the inner cylinder (2). An incinerator comprising a plurality of outer cylinders (1) arranged at appropriate intervals. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the amount of air from the air blowing nozzle (3) is adjusted by a valve (19a). 3. A storage section (11) having a waste input port (11a), a dry distillation section (12) having a grate (10) at a lower portion, and a combustion section (13) are sequentially provided from an upper portion. Air supply port (11)
c) The incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a burner (12c) is provided at a lower portion of the dry distillation part (12). 4. The incinerator according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of air nozzles (13a) are provided on a side wall of the combustion section (13). 5. A constricted member (31) is provided on an inner wall of a connection portion between the storage part (11) and the dry storage part (12) over the entire circumference. 3. The incinerator according to 3 or 4. 6. The incinerator according to claim 3, wherein a short furnace is separately provided below the carbonization section (12), and a grate (10) is provided there. . 7. The incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising a deodorizing and deodorizing furnace (14) provided with a plurality of air nozzles (14a) and burners (14b) on a side wall. An incinerator characterized by being connected. 8. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a deodorizing / smoke removing furnace (14), a heat recovery device (15),
An incinerator characterized in that an air fan (18) for suction and a dust collector (16) are sequentially connected.