JPH0894042A - Incinerating method for waste and fire grate, incinerating furnace and incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a fire grate having small thermal damage and high strength, an incinerating furnace having the grate, and a method and an apparatus for incinerating waste. CONSTITUTION: This incinerating furnace comprises an outer cylinder 1 provided at the lower part of an incinerating furnace and having a water exit entrance at the end, an inner cylinder 2 provided in the cylinder 1 and having an air inlet at the end, and a plurality of air diffusing nozzles 3 implanted longitudinally in the cylinder 2 provided in the outer cylinder 1, wherein the cylinder 2 and the cylinder 1 having the nozzles 3 are disposed at a suitable interval.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste incineration method and incinerator, and more particularly to a waste incineration method including a plastic, rubber and the like, a grate, an incinerator and an incinerator. Is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, many kinds of waste materials, such as paper, cloth, wood, etc., have a low calorific value, but recent waste materials are polymer type vinyl, plastic, styrofoam, etc.
Many of them have high calorific value. Therefore, the combustion temperature becomes high, and the incinerator that burns such waste, especially the grate thereof, is severely damaged.

Recently, as an incinerator of this type, in order to render smoke harmless, deodorize, and lower the combustion temperature, waste is partially combusted in a primary combustion furnace to be gasified, and a combustible gas generated. , Etc. are introduced into the secondary combustion furnace and completely burned,
The dry distillation gasification incineration method is being adopted.

In this system, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-211
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 20, a grate is provided at the bottom of the primary combustion furnace, air for combustion is supplied to the lower part of the grate, and the waste is partially combusted and gasified on the grate, Some combustible gases that are generated are introduced from the upper part of the primary combustion furnace to the secondary combustion furnace and completely burned.

Further, as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 187903/1992, the combustion air pressurized from the lower space partitioned by the grate toward the packed bed of the organic combustible material is dispersed and injected. Then, the organic combustibles are burned and gasified, the residual combustible gas, the combustion gas and the combustion air are discharged to the space below the grate, and the combustible gas remaining in this space is burned by the combustion heat. There is.

[0006]

In the former case described in the prior art, when the combustion air passes through the gap of the grate from the lower side to the upper side, the grate is cooled to prevent thermal damage to the grate. There is an advantage to prevent. However, in the case of polymeric waste, the combustion process is melting, vaporization, and combustion in that order, so during the melting stage, polymeric waste flows down through the gaps in the grate and remains in the ash pit. It often burns. As a result, the grate is heated and heat damage becomes severe. If the gap of the grate is narrowed in order to prevent this, the air supply from the lower side is reduced, which adversely affects combustion and causes black smoke. Further, there is a problem that the above-mentioned cooling effect of the combustion air on the grate is deteriorated. Further, the combustible gas and the like generated in the primary combustion furnace is emitted from the upper part while touching the waste in the furnace, resulting in yellow smoke, which causes a problem in the subsequent processing.

In the latter case, the combustion air is dispersed and injected from below the grate to combust and gasify the organic combustibles, and the residual combustible gas, the combustion gas and the combustion air are
It sucks into the space below the grate and burns the remaining combustible gas in this space with the heat of combustion, so the grate is heated from the top and bottom, causing more severe thermal damage to the grate than the former. It had the problem of becoming bad.

[0008] In recent incinerators, it is required to throw in dust all at once, but by doing so, the impact load on the grate becomes large and damage to the grate poses a problem. Also, in order to prevent thermal damage to the grate,
It has been attempted to use a hollow grate as a grate and to cool it by passing cooling water inside, but it has a problem that it is weak against impact.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art. The object of the present invention is to provide a grate with little heat damage and high strength, and an incinerator having the grate. And a method and apparatus for burning waste.

[0010]

According to the method for incinerating waste according to the present invention, a grate of an incinerator is cooled, air is blown from the grate into the waste put on the grate, and flammable gas etc. Is sucked into the combustion section provided below the gap of the grate and burned.

More specifically, the outer cylinder is cooled by passing cooling water between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the grate in which a plurality of outer cylinders containing the inner cylinder are arranged at appropriate intervals. This is a method in which air is blown into the waste put on the grate from a plurality of air blowing nozzles which are planted in the longitudinal direction and penetrate the outer cylinder.

More specifically, it is a method of blowing air into the upper part of the incinerator.

More specifically, it is a method of blowing air from the outer wall of the combustion section.

The waste incineration method according to the present invention comprises a storage part having a waste input port, a dry distillation part having a grate in the lower part, and a combustion part in order from the upper part to the waste from the grate of the incinerator. This is a method in which air is blown into an object, air is blown from above the storage portion, air is blown into the combustion portion, and combustible gas or the like is sucked into the combustion portion to burn.

More specifically, it is a method of blowing air into a deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace connected to the combustion section to deodorize / smoke.

The grate according to the present invention has an outer cylinder having a water inlet / outlet at an end, an inner cylinder provided inside the outer cylinder and having an air inlet at the end, and implanted in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder. It is composed of a plurality of air blowing nozzles penetrating the outer cylinder, and outer cylinders containing the inner cylinder are arranged at appropriate intervals.

More specifically, a water jacket connected to a cooling pump is provided at one end of the outer cylinder, and a water jacket connected to a water cooling device is provided at the other end of the outer cylinder. An air jacket, which communicates with the inner cylinder and is connected to an air fan, is provided outside the water jacket, and an outer cylinder that encloses the inner cylinder is arranged at an inclination.

In the incinerator according to the present invention, the above-mentioned grate is provided in the lower part.

More specifically, a storage part having a waste input port, a dry distillation part having the grate in the lower part, and a combustion part are sequentially provided from the upper part. More specifically, an air nozzle is provided on the side wall of the combustion section, and an air supply port is provided above the storage section.

The incinerator according to the present invention comprises:
A deodorizing and smoke eliminating furnace is connected.

More specifically, the combustion section and the deodorizing /
An air jacket for supplying air to an air nozzle provided on the outer wall of the smoke eliminating furnace is provided on the outer circumference of the outer wall.

[0022]

In the grate constituted by the outer cylinder containing the inner cylinder, cooling water is supplied between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and air is supplied to the inner cylinder so as to be planted in the inner cylinder. Air is blown into the waste from an air nozzle that penetrates the cylinder, and partial combustion of the waste on the grate and carbon combustion of the unburned carbon after partial combustion are performed at the same time. Drop it into the combustion area. On the other hand, combustible gas or the like is sucked by a suction air fan to a combustion portion provided below the interval of the grate and burns by blowing air. The exhaust gas sucked into the deodorization / smoke eliminating furnace from the combustion section is blown with air and burned by a burner to deodorize / smoke. Next, the exhaust gas that has been sent to the heat recovery device and the dust collector and has been purified is released to the atmosphere by the chimney.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a main part of the grate, and FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the main part. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the incinerator and the deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the entire incinerator.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, the reference numeral 1 is an outer cylinder forming the grate 10, and an inner cylinder 2 is inserted inside the outer cylinder. In the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder 2, a plurality of air blowing nozzles 3 penetrating the outer cylinder 1 are planted. That is, the grate 10 of the incinerator according to the present invention is configured by arranging a plurality of outer cylinders 1 containing the inner cylinder 2 at appropriate intervals.

The outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 are composed of a cylinder, a hollow prism, a hollow triangular prism, or the like. For example, when both are cylindrical, it is desirable that the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 1 is 70 to 100 mm and the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 2 is 25 to 40 mm from the viewpoint of securing cooling water and air passages described later and strength. . The outer diameter of the air blowing nozzle 3 is preferably 10 to 25 mm. The air blowing nozzle 3 is welded so as to protrude from the outer circumference of the outer cylinder 1 by about 10 mm. Further, the gap between the outer cylinders is appropriately determined according to the type of waste,
It is desirable to set it to 100 to 150 mm. This interval can also be adjusted by providing a protrusion on the outer cylinder 1. Further, it is desirable that all of the outer cylinder 1, the inner cylinder 2 and the air blowing nozzle 3 are made of stainless steel. Further, since the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 are connected through the air blowing nozzle 3 and a so-called truss structure is formed between them, the strength of the grate 10 becomes large.

A water jacket 4 having a cooling water supply port 4a is provided at one end of the plurality of outer cylinders 1, and a water jacket 5 having a cooling water outlet 5a is provided at the other end of the outer cylinder 1. There is. One end of the plurality of inner cylinders 2 is communicated with an air jacket 6 provided outside the one water jacket 5 and having an air supply port 6a, and the other end of the inner cylinder 2 is outside in the embodiment shown in FIG. It is sealed inside the tube 1. The strength of the grate 10 can be further improved by penetrating and sealing the other water jacket 4. Further, the outer cylinder 1 including the inner cylinder 2 is arranged at a lower portion of an incinerator 30 described later at an inclination angle of 5 ° or more with respect to the horizontal line so that the cooling water outlet is higher than the inlet. Has been done. In this way, a cooling water passage is formed between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2, and an air passage communicating with the air blowing nozzle 3 is formed inside the inner cylinder 2.

Contrary to the above-mentioned embodiment, the air blow-out nozzle 3 is planted in the outer cylinder 1, and the air passage communicating with the air blow-out nozzle 3 is formed between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2. It is also possible to use the grate 10 in which the cooling water passage is formed inside the inner cylinder 2. Next, referring to FIG. 3, an incinerator 30 having the grate 10 according to the present invention will be described. The incinerator 30 includes a storage section 11 having a waste input port 11a, and a dry distillation section 12 having the grate 10 provided below.
And a combustion section 13, which are sequentially arranged from the top.

The storage section 11 is provided with a waste inlet 11a on its top and upper side walls and can be sealed with a lid 11b. Further, an air supply port 11c is provided on the upper portion of the storage section 11. The above-described grate 10 is provided in a lower portion of the carbonization part 12 so as to cross the carbonization part 12.
Water jackets 4 and 5 for supplying cooling water and air to the grate 10 and an air jacket 6 are provided on the outer circumference of the side wall of the grate 10 (see FIG. 2). A short furnace may be provided below the dry distillation section 12 and the grate 10 and the water jackets 4 and 5 may be provided therein. This way, grate 1
0 replacement and maintenance is easy. Further, on the side wall of the carbonization part 12, an auxiliary combustion burner 12a for ignition is provided toward the vicinity of the upper part of the grate 10, and an inspection port 12b is further provided.

A convex throttle member 31 is provided over the entire circumference on the inner side wall of the connecting portion between the storage portion 11 and the dry distillation portion 12. The waste thrown into the storage section 11 forms a bridge by the throttling member 31, and falls into the dry distillation section 12 by an appropriate amount. Depending on the size of the incinerator 20, the type of waste, etc., the storage section 11 and the carbonization section 12
Does not have to be a separate body and may be integrated. Further, the diaphragm member 3
1 may not be provided. A plurality of air nozzles 13a are provided through the outer wall of the combustion section 13 and communicate with an air jacket 13b provided on the outer circumference of the outer wall.
Further, a discharge port 13c for ash or the like is provided on the side wall. Further, a burner is provided as needed.

A deodorizing and smoke eliminating furnace 14 is connected to the combustion section 13 of the incinerator 30. On the side wall of the deodorization / smoke eliminating furnace 14, as in the case of the combustion section 13, a plurality of air nozzles 14a,
An air jacket 14b and a burner 14c are provided. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace 14 is erected on the side of the incinerator 30 as a separate body from the incinerator 30, but may be integrated instead of being a separate body. If necessary, the deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace 14 may not be provided. In addition,
A refractory material 32 is laid on the inner walls of the incinerator 30 and the deodorizing and smoke eliminating furnace 14.

A chimney may be provided in the combustion section 13 or the deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace 14 to form the incinerator 40. However, as shown in FIG. 4, for heat recovery and exhaust gas purification,
It is desirable to dispose the heat recovery device 15, the dust collector 16 and the like to form the incineration device 40. As the heat recovery device 15, there is used a device that allows exhaust gas to pass through a heat exchanger 15a having a water jacket and recovers exhaust heat as hot water. As the dust collector 16, water is stored in the water tank 16
There is used a device for sending dust from a through a shower ring pump 16b to a nozzle 16d provided on an upper portion of a scrubber 16c, injecting it into exhaust gas, and collecting dust. The detoxified exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 17 to the atmosphere through the device described above.

Further, combustible gas, combustion gas and combustion air (hereinafter referred to as combustible gas etc.) generated from waste are
Any one of the combustion unit 13, the deodorizing / smoke removing furnace 14, the heat recovery device 15, and the dust collecting device 16 is sucked into the combustion unit 13 provided below the interval of the grate 10 and burned to be released to the atmosphere. An air fan 18 for suction is provided at the rear end portion. However, depending on the incinerator 40, only the chimney 17 may be provided and the air fan 18 may not be provided.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to supply air to the above-mentioned grate 10, the upper part of the storage part 11 and the combustion part 13, and the air jackets 13b, 14b provided in the deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace 14. Further, an air fan 19 for supplying air is provided. That is, air is supplied to the upper portions of the grate 10 and the storage portion 11 via the valve 19a. Air is supplied to the combustion section 13 from one end of an air jacket 13b provided on the side wall thereof, and from the other end of the jacket 13b via a valve 19b to an air jacket 13b provided on the bottom wall. , And is supplied through an air nozzle 13a provided so as to penetrate the outer wall. In the deodorizing / smoke removing furnace 14, air is discharged from the above-mentioned combustion section 1
It is supplied from the other end of the air jacket 13b of No. 3 through the valve 19c to the air jacket 14b provided on the outer periphery of the side wall, and is supplied through the air nozzle 14a.

A cooling pump 20 is provided in order to supply cooling water into the outer cylinder 1 of the grate 10.
The cooling water from the cooling pump 20 enters the water jacket 4 provided at one end of the grate 10, passes through the gap between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2, and passes through the water jacket 5 provided at the other end, It returns to the cooling pump 20 via a water cooling tank 21 as a water cooling device. The cooling water and air may be supplied in the same direction (see FIG. 2) or in the opposite direction (see FIG. 3). Further, when burning waste having a low calorific value, cooling water may not be supplied to the inside of the outer cylinder 1.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

The lid 11b of the waste input port 11a provided at the upper part of the incinerator 30 is opened, and the waste is put on the grate 10 provided at the lower part of the carbonization part 12. When a predetermined amount of waste is put into the dry distillation section 12 and the storage section 11, the lid 1
1b is closed and the cooling pump 20 is driven to supply cooling water into the outer cylinder 1 of the grate 10.

Next, the auxiliary burner 12a provided above the grate 10 is ignited to ignite the waste on the grate 10. Next, the air fan 19 is driven, and air is blown into the ignited waste from the air blowing nozzle 3 that is planted in the inner cylinder 2 of the grate 10. When partial combustion is started by this, the auxiliary combustion burner 12a is stopped. The amount of air can be adjusted by the valve 18a. Even if the auxiliary combustion burner 12a is stopped, the partial combustion of the waste and the carbon combustion of the unburned carbon after the partial combustion are simultaneously promoted on the grate 10 by the air blown from the grate 10.
The waste is dry-distilled. At this time, a carbonaceous red heat substance of 600 to 800 ° C. is formed on the upper part of the grate 10 and becomes ash when carbon combustion further progresses. The formed carbonaceous red heat material and the ash sequentially fall into the combustion unit 13. When the waste in the carbonization part 12 is reduced by the combustion 13, the waste in the storage part 11 is reduced by the action of the throttle member 31 provided on the inner wall.
An appropriate amount will be dropped into the carbonization part 12.

On the other hand, the combustible gas or the like is sucked by the suction force of the air fan 18 into the combustion section 13 provided below the gap of the grate 10. Although a part of the combustible gas rises to the storage portion 11, a predetermined amount of air is constantly blown into the upper portion of the storage portion 11, so the pressure lowers and the suction is easily sucked into the combustion portion 13. To be done.

The combustible gas sucked into the combustion section 13 and the fallen carbonaceous red heat substances are completely combusted by the blowing of air from the air nozzle 13a provided on the outer wall of the combustion section. At this time, the temperature of the combustion section becomes 800 to 1000 ° C. Thus, even if the upper and lower parts of the grate 10 become extremely hot, since the grate 10 is cooled from the inside, the surface temperature is kept at about 60 ° C., and thermal damage can be avoided.

Further, since the grate 10 is inclined with respect to the horizon so as to be gradually higher in the flow direction of the cooling water, the cooling water passing through the inside of the outer cylinder 1 is heated and the inside of the outer cylinder 1 is heated. Even if bubbles are generated, they are transferred to the water tank 21, so
It is possible to prevent the thermal efficiency of the grate 10 from decreasing.
If the outer cylinder 1 of the grate 10 is a cylinder, the carbonization part 12
It becomes easy to suck and drop combustible gas, carbonaceous red heat substances, ash, etc. from the air to the combustion section 13. Deodorization and smoke removal furnace 1 from the combustion section 13
The exhaust gas sucked into No. 4 is burned by the blowing of air from the air nozzle 14a provided on the outer wall and the flame of the burner 14c, and the deodorizing component is decomposed. Exhaust gas that has been deodorized and smoked is hot, so it is desirable to recover heat.
Therefore, the exhaust gas heat exchanger 15 having a water jacket
It is passed through the heat recovery device 15 such as a and recovered as hot water or the like. Next, the exhaust gas is sent to the dust collector 16, and the exhaust gas purified here is discharged to the atmosphere by the chimney 17.

When the amount of waste in the storage section 11 becomes small, the lid 1 of the waste input port 11a provided in the storage section 11
Open 1b and add waste. As described above, since the air is constantly supplied from the air supply port 11c provided in the upper part of the storage unit 11, even if the lid 11b is opened, the combustible gas and the outside air do not come into contact with each other, and the explosion can be avoided. it can. Since the amount of air supplied is such that the inside of the incinerator does not become negative pressure due to the reduction of waste and the suction of combustible gas, etc., there is no problem in dry distillation gasification and combustion.

When the waste is charged and the temperature of the dry distillation section 12 drops, the auxiliary burner 12a automatically operates so that combustion is not hindered.

When the incineration of the waste is completed, the door of the discharge port 14c provided on the side of the combustion section is opened and the ash is scraped to the outside.

[0044]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

That is, since cooling water is supplied between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the grate, heat damage due to high temperature can be minimized. Also, regardless of the gap in the grate,
Since the air can be sent from the air nozzle, the combustion is not adversely affected. Further, the grate is composed of an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder provided inside the outer cylinder, and a plurality of air-blowing nozzles that are planted in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder and penetrate the outer cylinder. The truss structure has the advantage that the strength of the grate is high. In addition, air is supplied from the upper part of the incinerator, and combustible gas etc. is sucked into the combustion part provided below the interval of the grate to burn, deodorize, smoke, and collect dust, so exhaust gas is effective. Can be rendered harmless. In addition, even if the door is opened to throw in the waste, there is no danger of the flammable gas coming into contact with air and exploding.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a main part of a grate.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an incinerator and a deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the entire incinerator.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 Outer cylinder 2 Inner cylinder 3 Air blowing nozzle 4, 5 Water jacket 6 Air jacket 10 Grate 11 Reservoir 11a Waste input port 11b Lid 11c Air supply port 12 Carbonization part 12a Burner burner 13 Combustion part 13a Air nozzle 13b Air jacket 14 Deodorizing and smoke eliminating furnace 14a Air nozzle 14b Air jacket 14c Burner 15 Heat recovery device 16 Dust collector 17 Chimney 18, 19 Air fan 20 Cooling pump 21 Water cooling tank (water cooling device) 30 Incinerator 31 Throttling member 32 Refractory material 40 Incinerator

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A grate (10) of an incinerator (30) is cooled, air is blown from the grate (10) into the waste thrown on the grate (10), and flammable gas is burned. A method for incinerating waste, characterized in that it is sucked into a combustion section (13) provided below from a space of a lattice (10) and burned. 2. An outer cylinder (1) and an inner cylinder (2) of a grate (10) in which a plurality of outer cylinders (1) containing the inner cylinder (2) are arranged at appropriate intervals.
The outer cylinder (1) is cooled by passing cooling water between it and the grate (10) from the plurality of air blowing nozzles (3) that are planted in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder (2) and penetrate the outer cylinder (1). The incineration method of the waste according to claim 1, wherein air is blown into the waste thrown above. 3. The method for incinerating waste according to claim 1, wherein air is blown into the upper part of the incinerator (30). 4. A storage part (1) having a waste input port (11a)
1), carbonization part (12) and combustion part with grate (10) at the bottom
Grate (10) of incinerator (30) with (13) sequentially installed from the top
Blow air into the waste in the carbonization part (12) from the storage part (1
A method for incinerating wastes, characterized in that air is blown from the upper part of 1), air is blown into the combustion section (13), and combustible gas or the like is sucked into the combustion section (13) for combustion. 5. An outer cylinder (1) having a water inlet / outlet at its end, and an inner cylinder provided inside the outer cylinder (1) and having an air inlet at its end.
(2) and a plurality of air blowing nozzles (3) that are planted in the longitudinal direction of the inner cylinder (2) and penetrate the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder (2)
A grate in which outer cylinders (1) enclosing are arranged at appropriate intervals. 6. An incinerator in which the grate according to claim 5 is provided in a lower portion. 7. A storage part (11) having a waste input port (11a),
Pyrolysis part (12) and combustion part having the grate (10) at the bottom
The incinerator according to claim 6, wherein (13) is sequentially provided from the top. 8. An air nozzle (13) is provided on a side wall of the combustion section (13).
a) is provided, and an air supply port (11
The incinerator according to claim 7, wherein c) is provided. 9. The incinerator according to claim 7, wherein a deodorizing / smoke eliminating furnace (14) is connected to the combustion section (13).