JP2974991B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to the incineration of combustible or combustible waste such as rice hulls, paper, cardboard, styrofoam, and vinyl chloride, and the non-combustible disposal of iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and the like. The present invention relates to an incinerator used for dissolving and separating matter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this kind of incinerator forms a single combustion chamber in the furnace body, and combustible waste such as rice hulls, paper, styrene foam, vinyl chloride, and iron. Since various industrial wastes such as aluminum and other non-combustible wastes are put into the combustion chamber at one time and incinerated, their combustion efficiency is poor and they cannot be completely burned, causing harm to humans such as dioxins. Chemical gas may be released to the outside, or may be treated as residual ash with incomplete combustion.

By the way, dioxin is the most toxic substance among the chemical substances and has an extremely large effect on the human body, and the incinerator that incinerates general garbage and industrial waste emits the greatest amount of it. . 80 of these wastes
When incinerated at a temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, incomplete combustion is likely to occur, and carbon generated from general refuse and chlorine generated from vinyl chloride or the like are combined to generate dioxin. In addition, electric dust collectors installed in many refuse incinerators to prevent pollution are operated at around 300 ° C., where garbage is easily collected, and this temperature is the temperature at which dioxin is most likely to be generated. For this reason, when using the incinerator, the temperature of the incinerator is set to 800 ° C. or more, at which the refuse easily burns, and the temperature of the dust collector for preventing the generation of dioxin is set to 20 ° C.
It is required by law or the like that the temperature be 0 ° C. or lower.

[0004] In the conventional incinerator, as described above, general refuse and industrial waste are put into a single combustion chamber in the furnace body at a time, and are burned at once to incinerate. Poorly, it was difficult to completely burn, and there was a risk of generating harmful gases such as dioxin. Further, even in an incinerator equipped with an electric dust collector, it is extremely difficult to keep the operating temperature of the dust collector at 200 ° C. or less at which the generation of dioxin is suppressed, and it has not been a basic measure to prevent the generation. In a conventional incinerator, waste is burned at a high temperature in a single combustion chamber at a stretch, and then cooled to 200 ° C. by a dust collector.
Since the dust is removed by rapidly cooling to below, the equipment cost of the cooling device and the dust collector is very high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to completely burn waste in a combustion chamber and to remove smoke generated by the combustion in an odorless and smokeless manner.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an incinerator that can be processed to a gas state of 0 ° C. or less and that can process residual ash so that it is harmless to the human body.

[0006]

In the incinerator according to the first aspect of the present invention, a primary combustion chamber 1 for burning waste and an exhaust gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber 1 are placed in a furnace body 4 made of a refractory material. A secondary combustion chamber 2 for burning the exhaust gas and a tertiary combustion chamber 3 for burning the exhaust gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 2 are sequentially connected in a stepwise upward fashion. Each of the combustion chambers 2, 3 has substantially the same size, and wide communication ports 5, 6 are formed between the combustion chambers 1, 2, 3.

A second aspect of the incinerator according to the first aspect is that, in the primary combustion chamber 1, waste having good combustibility such as rice hulls and paper is stored in the primary combustion chamber 1. Combustion chamber 1
A waste supply device 12 is provided, which is supplied by blowing the air through a blower.

A third aspect of the present invention relates to the incinerator according to the first or second aspect, wherein a wet filter device 23 is provided in the flue gas duct 7 connected to the tertiary combustion chamber 3 of the furnace body 4. It is.

A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the incinerator according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein at least the combustion chambers 1,
A processing device 44 for baking and solidifying the ash discharged from each of the ashes 2 and 3 into a ceramic is provided.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the incinerator according to the fourth aspect, further comprising an ash receiving conveyor 41 for receiving ash discharged from the combustion chambers 1, 2, 3 and sending the ash to the processing device 44. It becomes.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the incinerator according to any one of the third to fifth aspects, any one of the primary combustion chambers 1 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3 or the front space portion 53 of the filter device in the smoke exhaust duct. Is provided with a waste heat boiler 20.

[0012]

FIG. 1 shows the entire structure of an incinerator according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 show the incinerator partially enlarged. In these figures, reference numeral 4 denotes a furnace body formed of a refractory material, a primary combustion chamber 1 for burning waste, a secondary combustion chamber 2 for burning exhaust gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber 1, and a secondary combustion chamber 2. A tertiary combustion chamber 3 for combusting the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 2; these combustion chambers 1, 2, 3 are each formed in substantially the same size, and are provided between adjacent combustion chambers; That is, wide communication ports 5 and 6 are formed between the primary combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 2 and between the secondary combustion chamber 2 and the tertiary combustion chamber 3, respectively. Reference numeral 7 denotes a smoke exhaust duct 7 connected to a smoke outlet 8 of the tertiary combustion chamber 3, and a vertically extending chimney 9 at the end of the duct 7.
Are communicatively connected.

At the bottom of the primary combustion chamber 1 formed in the furnace main body 4, a rostral (grate) 10 is provided, and around the rostral 10, a number of breathing holes 11 are provided. In addition, a first waste supply device that supplies flammable or combustible waste such as chaff, paper, corrugated cardboard, styrene foam, and vinyl chloride waste material into the primary combustion chamber 1 is provided at a lower portion of one end of the primary combustion chamber 1. 12 and a second waste supply device 13 for supplying non-combustible waste such as iron, copper, zinc, and aluminum. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the first waste supply device 12 includes a hopper 12a, a supply pipe 12b connected from the lower end thereof to the inside of the combustion chamber 1, and a hopper 12a.
And a blower 12c for blowing the waste put into the primary combustion chamber 1 through a supply pipe 12b. The second waste supply device 13 is connected to the inside of the combustion chamber 1 from the lower end of the hopper 13a. Supply pipe 13b and hopper 13
and a plunger 13c for pressure-feeding the waste supplied from a.

In the primary combustion chamber 1, a waste supply device 12,
13, a combustion burner 14 and a blower 15 for introducing air are provided. The secondary combustion chamber 2 is provided with a combustion burner 16 and a blower 17 for introducing air on the side opposite to the communication port 5. Similarly, a combustion burner 18 and an air introduction blower 19 are provided on the opposite side of the communication port 6 to the inside of the primary combustion chamber 1.
The temperature of the tertiary combustion chamber 3 is maintained at 900 ° C. or higher. Further, a waste heat boiler 20 is provided in the primary combustion chamber 1, and the turbine 21 is driven by the boiler 20, so that electric energy can be extracted from a generator 22 directly connected to the turbine 21. The boiler 20 may be provided in the secondary combustion chamber 2 or the tertiary combustion chamber 3.

Incidentally, the volume of the primary combustion chamber 1 is
And about 10% larger than the tertiary combustion chamber 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 2 and the tertiary combustion chamber 3 have almost the same volume.
It can be said that the two combustion chambers 1, 2, 3 have substantially the same volume. The sectional area of the communication port 5 is, for example, the primary combustion chamber 1.
Is about 25% of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the secondary combustion chamber 2, and the cross-sectional area of the communication port 6 is, for example, about 15% of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the secondary combustion chamber 2. Each combustion chamber 1,
It is formed in a wide mouth at a considerably large ratio with respect to a few horizontal cross-sectional areas.

As shown in FIG. 1, the smoke exhaust duct 7 is formed in a three-step shape of a lower duct 7a, a middle duct 7b, and an upper duct 7c. A wet filter device 23 is provided inside each of the middle-stage duct 7b and the upper-stage duct 7c, which will be described later.
The distal end of the upper-stage duct 7c communicates with the chimney 9 via an induction blower 24, from which the exhaust pipe 25 branches off. The exhaust pipe 25 is connected to a plurality of heat exchangers 26 and It is branched to a distribution pipe 28. A passage or space 5 communicating with the lower duct 7a to the upper duct 7c.
3 (see FIGS. 1 and 3), the boiler 20 may be installed. In particular, in the space 53, the temperature of the flue gas is quite high, so by extracting heat energy from this part by the boiler 20,
The smoke can be introduced into the filter device 23 at a relatively low temperature.

As shown in FIG. 3, the wet filter device 23 includes a plurality of dust removing baffles 29 arranged in a multi-stage shape.
An annular injection pipe 30 for injecting water toward flue gas; and a drain 31 for receiving drainage flowing down the baffle plate 29.
The upper and lower ducts 7b and 7c are provided in two upper and lower stages, respectively. One end of each water absorption pipe 34 branched from a septic tank 32 via a pump 33 is connected to the injection pipe 30 of each filter device 23, and one end of a drain pipe 35 is connected to the drain 31 of each filter device 23. The other end of each drain pipe 35 is connected to the septic tank 32.

When the pump 33 is driven, the water in the septic tank 32 is passed through the water suction pipe 34 to each filter device 23.
Is injected downward from each injection pipe 30, and water collected in each drain 31 is discharged into each drain pipe 35.
And returned to the septic tank 32, and this is repeated. An antioxidant (neutralizing agent) is appropriately added to the purified water in the septic tank 32, and an internal filter (not shown) is used.
And recycled by circulation. Although not shown, fresh water is supplied to the septic tank 32 as needed.

As shown in FIG. 3, a hopper 36 is provided at the lower end of each of the middle duct 7b and the upper duct 7c of the smoke exhaust duct 7 to receive ash and overflow from each wet filter device 23. Ash is the ash discharge pipe 37
Is discharged onto the lower second ash receiving conveyor 42 by
The overflow is sent to the septic tank 32 through a discharge pipe 38 and purified and reused. The tertiary combustion chamber 3 of the furnace body 4 also has
A hopper 39 for collecting ash is provided, and the collected ash is discharged onto the ash receiving conveyor 42 by an ash discharge pipe 40.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a first ash receiving conveyor 41 is provided below the primary combustion chamber 1 in the furnace body 4.
The first ash receiving conveyor 41 receives ash discharged from the primary combustion chamber 1 or the secondary combustion chamber 2 and discharges the ash to a handle ash input hopper 43. In addition, the second ash receiving conveyor 42 installed below the wet filter device 23 is used to discharge the ash discharged from the tertiary combustion chamber 3 and each wet filter device 23 to ash discharge pipes 37 and 40.
Through the ash input hopper 43. Thus, the ash input hopper 43
Collected by the ceramization treatment device 44, the ash collected is solidified harmless to the human body that has been precisely reduced,
That is, it is made of ceramic.

The ceramic processing apparatus 44 comprises a primary processing apparatus 44a and a secondary processing apparatus 44b connected thereto. Each of these processing apparatuses 44a and 44b is provided with a combustion burner 45 and 46. , Primary processing unit 4
At 4a, a combustion temperature of about 1000 ° C. is ensured, and at the secondary treatment device 44b, a combustion temperature of 1350 ° C. is ensured. The ceramic ceramized by the ceramization processing device 44 is converted into a ceramic stocker (recovery tank) 47.
Is to be collected.

In this ceramic processing apparatus 44, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
The high-temperature exhaust gas inside the secondary combustion chamber 2 having a temperature of not less than 0 ° C. is blown through an exhaust gas supply pipe 48 by a blower 49 to a secondary treatment device 44 b.
The combustion in the secondary processing device 44b can be performed more effectively by supplying the gas into the secondary processing device 44b. As shown in the figure, the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber 1 is effectively increased by supplying the exhaust gas in the primary treatment device 44a to the primary combustion chamber 1 of the furnace main body 4 by a blower 51 through an exhaust gas recovery pipe 50. Can be. In this case, as shown in the figure, the exhaust gas recirculation path 52 is drawn from the end of the duct 7 and connected to the exhaust gas recovery pipe 50, so that the exhaust gas from the end of the duct 7 can be reused as combustion gas. Can be.

Next, the operation of the incinerator having the above-described configuration will be described.

First, combustible (or good combustible) such as rice hulls, paper, cardboard, styrofoam, and waste vinyl chloride
When the waste is incinerated, the waste is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 1 by the first waste supply device 12, and the waste is supplied with iron,
When incombustible (or poorly combustible) waste such as copper, zinc, and aluminum is incinerated, the waste is supplied by the second waste supply device 13. In this case, combustible waste is put into the supply pipe 12b from the hopper 12a and blown into the primary combustion chamber 1 by the blower 12c, and non-combustible waste is put into the supply pipe 13b from the hopper 13a and put on the rostrum 10. Pump.

The waste thus supplied to the primary combustion chamber 1 is burned at a temperature of 900 ° C. or more by the combustion burner 14 and the blower 15 and is sufficiently incinerated, and the smoke exhausted from the communication port 5 through the secondary combustion chamber 2. And the ash is discharged from the gap of the roaster 10 onto the ash receiving conveyor 42 below. At this time, the boiler 20 is heated by the high-temperature gas in the primary combustion chamber 1, drives the turbine 21, and can extract electric energy by the generator 22. The flue gas entering the secondary combustion chamber 2 is separated by the combustion burner 16 and the blower 17 into one.
The ash is further combusted at a temperature of 000 ° C. or more and flows up to the tertiary combustion chamber 3 from the communication port 6, and the ash is discharged onto the ash receiving conveyor 42 in the same manner as described above. The flue gas that has entered the tertiary combustion chamber 3 is further burned at a temperature of 900 ° C. or higher by the combustion burner 18 and the blower 19, discharged from the flue gas outlet 8 to the lower duct 7 a of the flue gas duct 7, and ash is removed from the hopper. The ash is collected at 39 and discharged from an ash discharge pipe 40 onto an ash receiving conveyor 42.

In the combustion of the waste in the primary combustion chamber 1 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3, flammable or combustible waste such as rice hulls and paper is blown into the primary combustion chamber 1 together with air by the blower 12c. The primary combustion chamber 1
The combustion efficiency is high, the combustion can be effectively performed, and substances harmful to the human body such as dioxin can be incinerated in a short time. Further, the primary combustion chamber 1 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3
Are sequentially connected upward in a stepwise manner, are formed in substantially the same size, and the wide communication ports 5, 6 are formed between adjacent combustion chambers. The flue gas combusted in the chamber 1 does not pass straight through the secondary combustion chamber 2 and the tertiary combustion chamber 3 from the primary combustion chamber 1 but first strikes the upper wall surface or the side wall surface in the primary combustion chamber 1. After flowing in a spiral shape, the smoke is discharged from the wide-opening communication port 5 to the secondary combustion chamber 2 at a stretch, and the smoke discharged into the secondary combustion chamber 2 also hits the upper wall surface or the side wall surface in a spiral shape. After that, the exhaust gas is discharged from the wide communication port 6 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3 at a stretch, and the exhaust gas in the tertiary combustion chamber 3 also flows in a spiral shape.

As described above, the flue gas in the primary combustion chamber 1 flows while sequentially bypassing the stepwise primary combustion chamber 1 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3, and the combustion chambers 1, 2, 3 have the same configuration. Since the fuel is sufficiently and reliably burned in a fluidized state, the burning efficiency is very high and the fuel is completely burned, so that substances harmful to the human body such as dioxin can be completely incinerated and removed. In particular, since the communication ports 5, 6 between the combustion chambers 1, 2, 3 are formed sufficiently wide, the communication ports 5, 6 do not become clogged with soot, ash, etc. The smoke flows smoothly from the primary combustion chamber 1 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3 in a short time, and is burned very efficiently.

Approximately 900 ° C. which has exited the tertiary combustion chamber 3 of the furnace body 4
Smoke passes from the lower duct 7a of the smoke exhaust duct 7b to the middle duct 7b and the upper duct 7c, but the smoke exhaust passing through the lower duct 7a is divided into two upper and lower stages in the middle duct 7b. Each wet filter device 23 provided over
Abuts on the multi-stage dust removal baffle 29 and rises in a meandering manner,
During the ascending flow, particles such as soot and dust contained in the exhaust gas are adsorbed by coming into contact with the spray water injected from each injection pipe 30. The wastewater to which the particles are adsorbed flows down along the baffle plate 29 for dust removal and the like, and is collected in each drain 31, and each drain 3
The wastewater collected in 1 is passed through each drainage pipe 35 to the septic tank 3.
Collected in 2. The exhaust gas thus passed through the wet filter device 23 of the middle duct 7b and adsorbing and removing particles such as soot and dust is continuously provided in the upper duct 7c in the same manner as the wet filter device provided in the upper and lower two stages. 23
, Particles such as soot and dust that could not be removed by the wet filter device 23 in the middle-stage duct 7b are completely adsorbed and removed by the same filter action as described above, and the adsorbed wastewater is discharged as described above. Similarly, the water is collected in each drain 31, and is passed through each drain pipe 35 to the septic tank 32.
Will be collected.

The smoke discharged at about 900 ° C. discharged from the furnace body 4 to the smoke exhaust duct 7 as described above is supplied to the wet filter devices provided in the middle duct 7b and the upper duct 7c of the smoke exhaust duct 7, respectively. 23 passes, soot,
Particles such as dust are completely adsorbed and removed to become odorless and smokeless exhaust gas, and at the same time, generation of dioxin is suppressed.
It will be cooled to a temperature below 0 ° C. Then
As shown in FIG. 1, the odorless smokeless gas having a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower is sent to the chimney 9 by the induction blower 24 at the tip of the upper duct 7c, and is discharged from the chimney 9 to the outside. Further, the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe 25 branched from the chimney 9 is heat-exchanged by a heat exchanger 26 and sent to a plurality of distribution pipes 28 by a blower 27, respectively, and used as a heat source for a house farm or a heated pool. You.

On the other hand, the ash discharged during the combustion in the primary combustion chamber 1 to the tertiary combustion chamber 3 of the furnace main body 4 and the ash discharged from the furnace main body 4 while passing through the wet filter device 23 in the flue gas duct 7. Is discharged onto the lower ash receiving conveyor 42 through the roster 10, and the middle and upper ducts 7
b, 7c ash receiving conveyor 42 below ash discharge pipe 37
The ash is discharged upward and collected from both ash receiving conveyors 42 in an ash input hopper 43. The ash collected in the ash input hopper 43 is heated to about 1000 ° C. in the primary processing unit 44a of the ceramizing processing unit 44, and further heated to about 1350 ° C. in the secondary processing unit 44b. It is a solid, harmless to the human body, that is, a ceramic that has been reduced in size. By converting the residual ash into a ceramic, a substance harmful to the human body such as dioxin can be enveloped. The ceramic is collected in a ceramic stocker (collection tank) 47.

[0031]

According to the incinerator according to the first aspect of the present invention,
Since the waste is burned three times in the primary to tertiary combustion chambers, even non-flammable substances can be completely burned. Further, in this incinerator, the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber, and the tertiary combustion chamber are sequentially connected in a stepwise manner upward, and each is formed to have substantially the same size.
Since a wide-open communication port is formed between adjacent combustion chambers, the smoke discharged from the primary combustion chamber does not pass straight from the primary combustion chamber to the secondary combustion chamber and the tertiary combustion chamber, and a step-like primary combustion chamber is formed. From the chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber, the gas flows sequentially in a spiral manner, and furthermore, each combustion chamber is sufficiently burned in the same flow state, so that the combustion efficiency is high, complete combustion can be performed, and dioxin, etc. Substances harmful to the human body can be completely incinerated and removed. In particular, the communication port is formed wide, so that each communication port does not become clogged with soot or ash, and the flue gas flows smoothly from the primary combustion chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber in a short time, Extremely efficient combustion can be performed.

According to claim 2, rice husk,
Since a waste supply device that blows flammable waste such as paper into rice husks and flammable waste such as paper into the combustion chamber by a blower into the combustion chamber is provided.
By supplying combustible waste such as paper to the primary combustion chamber at the same time as air from the blower, the combustion efficiency of the primary combustion chamber can be increased and complete combustion can be achieved, and harmful substances such as dioxin can be eliminated in a short time. It can be completely incinerated and removed.

According to the third aspect, the wet filter device is provided in the smoke exhaust duct connected to the tertiary combustion chamber of the furnace main body. The soot, dust and other particles contained can be reliably removed and collected, and harmful substances such as dioxin are not discharged to the outside.In addition, the wet filter device reduces the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator. In addition, the temperature can be lowered to 200 ° C. or less at which generation of dioxin is suppressed.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since there is provided a processing device for baking and solidifying at least the ash discharged from the combustion chamber and converting it into a ceramic, at least the remaining ash from the combustion chamber is boiled and solidified, that is, as a ceramic. , And substances that are harmful to the human body, such as dioxins.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the ash discharged from the combustion chamber is provided at least below the furnace main body to receive the ash discharged from the combustion chamber and send it to the processing device. And automatically supplied to the ceramic processing apparatus.

According to the sixth aspect, since the waste heat boiler is provided in any of the primary combustion chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber, the residual heat of the combustion chamber can be effectively used. By connecting, for example, a turbine and a generator to the boiler, electric energy can be extracted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an entire incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing a furnace body side of the incinerator.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a wet filter device provided in a smoke exhaust duct of the incinerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Primary combustion chamber 2 Secondary combustion chamber 3 Tertiary combustion chamber 4 Furnace main body 5 Communication port 6 Communication port 7 Smoke exhaust duct 9 Chimney 12 First waste supply device 12a Hopper 12b Supply pipe 12c Blower 13 Second waste supply device 20 Waste heat boiler 23 Wet filter unit 44 Ceramic treatment unit

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A primary combustion chamber for burning waste, a secondary combustion chamber for burning exhaust gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber, and a discharge from the secondary combustion chamber in a furnace body made of a refractory material. A tertiary combustion chamber for burning the exhaust gas is sequentially connected in a stepwise manner upward, and each of these combustion chambers is formed to have substantially the same size, and a wide communication port is provided between the combustion chambers. An incinerator that is formed. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the primary combustion chamber is provided with a waste supply device configured to blow and supply flammable waste such as rice hulls and paper with a blower. 3. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a wet filter device is provided in a flue gas duct connected to the tertiary combustion chamber of the furnace body. 4. The incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a treatment device for baking and solidifying at least ash discharged from a combustion chamber of the furnace main body to form a ceramic. 5. The incinerator according to claim 4, further comprising an ash receiving conveyor for receiving the ash discharged from the combustion chamber and sending the ash to the processing device. 6. The incinerator according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a waste heat boiler is provided in the primary combustion chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber, or in a space on the front side of the filter device in the flue gas duct.