HU191940B - Method for growing berried plants particularly red currant and gooseberry - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of berry plants. especially for the production of gooseberries and currants, with the stems to each other planted in parallel rows and plant rows besides, we build a support system and a on top of each other and side by side at least two wires are pulled out parallel.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for growing berries, in particular gooseberries and currants, by planting the stems in parallel rows and forming a support system adjacent to the rows of plants and pulling at least two wires parallel to each other on the support system.

Currently, bush cultivation is used in the cultivation of gooseberries and currants, but the disadvantage is that the stems soon grow old and become infertile, the cost of plant protection is high, and especially in the case of small-leaved grasses, picking is uncomfortable due to thorns. In addition to unwanted use, spikes can also be dangerous, as spraying on the spike can be injected into the skin and cause skin eczema.

High-stakes education is more modern. The technology of fruit growing c. (Ferenc Gyúró, Agricultural Publisher, Budapest, 1974, pages 636, 637) describes the support systems used for self-stemmed stumps, in which a wind wire is drawn over the crown of the grafts and to which the crowns are bonded with plastic-coated soft wire. This wire plays the same role as a traditional stake in the case of self-stemmed gooseberry.

Various support systems are also known in winegrowing. With these support systems, wires are pulled out in rows above or parallel to each other and the arrows are attached to them. Such solutions are described in Pál Kozma: The table grape. (Agricultural Publishers Budapest, 1961, pp. 105-113) and The Gardener's Book (edited by Katona József et al., Agricultural Publishers, Budapest, 1978, 159, 170 pages).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for growing berry plants, particularly gooseberries and currants, which allows for reduced labor input, higher yields of flowers and longer plant life.

This object according to the invention is solved by providing the first row of wire approximately from the ground. At a height of 0.9 m, pull it out and the second row of wire and the third and fourth rows of wires parallel to each other for approx. 40 cm and pull one of the arrows to the left and right in the direction of the rows above the inoculation site and fasten the first row to the wire, and upwards to the wire above this wire and this outline each year we repeat with new shoots until the top row of wires is reached or until the shoots in a row are in contact, and shoots perpendicular to the rows or between shoots above each other are cut from the stem. Preferably, the drives in the direction of the rows are guided at each level in two or three parallel rows. In the case of gooseberries, the roots are separated by approximately one row. Plant 4 m and cut the shoots to two eyes before harvesting or, if the cut buds sprout, pruning after deciduous, but before bud budding, cutting the shoots to two eyes. In the case of currants, the number of roots in a row is approx. It is planted 2 m and after the fall, but at the latest before the bud break, the annual canes are approx. Cut back to 15 cm and cut the new shoots, which are more than 10 cm apart, from the stem and, in the summer, in the manner known per se.

The cultivation method according to the invention provides a better yield per unit area than the conventional method. The quality of the fruit is also greatly improved as it is better exposed to the sun and air. As a result, it is more resistant to plant diseases, so less chemicals are needed for plant protection. Another great advantage of the cultivation method according to the invention is that the plantation is approx. It can be maintained for 15 years, which is roughly double the traditional life span. Another advantage is that the plant does not have a spike at harvest, so it can be easily picked by hand. Although there is an additional cost of developing a support system for the subject cultivation process, this cost is recouped by the fact that fewer plants need to be planted than with conventional cultivation.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a series of plants.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a plurality of plants for wiring two.

Figure 3 is a top view of a drought plant in triple wiring.

The planting of gooseberries and currants is known in the conventional way. In the same way, we construct a support system known in the field of viticulture, which consists of wires placed in parallel on one another and wires parallel to each other in parallel, depending on whether one, two or three wires are to be used.

The following are examples of the various cultivation methods of gooseberry and currant.

Example 1

The gooseberry root is planted in conventional manner for manual cultivation, but instead of the usual 1 m distance, A = 4 m apart. The row spacing is 1.5 m. In addition to the spears, the support system 2, 3, which is known per se, is made of concrete, iron or wood, as shown in FIG. On the support systems 2 and 3, a single-line wiring is formed by pulling out 4, 5 wires at x distance. The distance x in this cultivation mode is approx. 40 cm. The first 4 wires from the ground approx. It should be pulled out at a height of 0.9 m, as this is usually the height at which the grafting site is located on the stem of the plant. The second wire 5 is parallel to, and above this, approx. Pull out 40 cm.

In single-wire wiring, the plant strain is bonded to the first 4 wires with an eight bond above the inoculation site. The three strongest arrows are left and one of them is tied to the right, one to the left in the rows to the first 4 wires and the third to the 5 wires in the vertical direction. The canes that have grown differently from the direction of the rows or the perches between the two wires are always removed from the stem.

Immediately before harvest, the shoots are cut into two eyes, except for shoots that are retained for further guidance. This ensures that there will be no thorns on the crop that will damage the hands when harvested. With this, the whole year's pruning was completed.

However, if it is rainy in late summer or early autumn and the buds cut back, the pruning should be done again after the foliage has fallen, but before bud budding, by cutting the annual canes to two eyes.

One of the canes grown in the next year is fastened to the wire 5 again to the right and one to the fish in the direction of the rows, and the cane in the middle is lowered upright again and fastened to the next wire 6 above. Hereinafter, we will proceed as above.

In the following years, when the fourth wire was reached and the arrows were in line with each other, each shoot was cut back to two eyes.

Thus, over the years, the crop surface on the branches running in the direction of the rows is approx. It grows 2 cm and reaches a width of 20 cm. The fruit hangs down from the lower surface of the horizontally running branches in bunches and can therefore be easily removed in batches, almost shaving from the lower surface of the branches.

Example 2

The gooseberry 1 is a machine for conventional cultivation, but instead of the usual 1 m distance, A = approx. Planted 4 m. The row spacing is selected depending on the width of the machine. Hereinafter, the procedure described in Example 1 will be followed.

Example 3

The gooseberry stems 1 are planted conventionally for manual cultivation, but instead of the usual 1 m distance, A = about 4 m apart. The row spacing is approx. We choose 2 m. In addition to the root of cumin 1, we also build 2.3 support systems known per se from concrete, iron or wood. On the support systems 2 and 3, two parallel serial wires are created such that about one to five feet of the ground is connected. At a height of 0.9 m, two parallel wires 4a, 4b are pulled apart at a distance of y from each other. The distance y is approx. 30 cm. Then above this, at a distance x between the two wires, preferably x = approx. 40 αητέ again draw two parallel wires 5a, 5b and optionally a third or third wire. fourth row 6a, 6b and 6b respectively. Wire 7a, 7b may be pulled out over the second row of wire 5a, 5b, again about. 40-40 cm away.

In the case of two parallel serial wiring, five arrows are left on the plant stem above the inoculation site. Pull two arrows perpendicular to the rows in the direction of the first wire 4a and attach it to the wire 4a to the right and one to the left of the rows. We do the same with the other two arrows towards the wire 4b and fix them to the wire 4b. The fifth arrow is guided vertically upwards and about 5 mm above the wire 4b. 40 cm parallel to wire 5a or 5b running parallel thereto.

Immediately before harvest, the shoots are cut back to two eyes, except for shoots that are retained for further driving.

In the following year, two or two of the drives suitable for tying to the second tier will again be used in the 5a and 5a. Attached to wire 5b and one to wire 6a or 6b, as described above.

This is repeated until the desired height is reached or the arrows are aligned with the rows. Then, each year, we cut each shoot to two eyes.

Example 4

The gooseberry 1 is a machine for conventional cultivation, but instead of the usual 1 m distance, A = approx. Planted 4 m. The row spacing is selected depending on the width of the machine. Hereinafter, the procedure described in Example 3 is followed.

Example 5

Proceed in the same manner as described in Example 3, except that three wires 4a, 4b, and 4c and 5a, 5b and 5c and 6a, 6b and 6c are pulled out in parallel.

In the case of three parallel serial wiring, seven kidneys are left above the vaccination site, if available. From this, one TO is guided vertically upwards to and secured to the middle wire 5b above it.

One of the other arrows is tied to the right of the first lower middle wire 4b parallel to the rows and one to the left. Two arrows are directed perpendicular to the rows towards one of the lower ends of the wire 4c and then, if long enough, deflected in the direction of the rows and tied to wire 4c, or if not long enough to wait until next year to reach the required length. Finally, the remaining arrows are guided perpendicular to the rows in the direction of the other bottom edge wire 4a and secured to the wire 4a. In the following, the procedure described in Example 1 is followed.

From the shoots grown in the following year, the shoots are passed in all directions, as described above, both in the first row of wire rows 4a, 4b, 4c and in the second wire row 5a, 5b, 5c, and in the third direction 6a,

6b, 6c. This procedure is repeated until the top, fourth row of _g5 is reached, or the shoots are aligned in the direction of the rows.

Example 6 '40

The gooseberry 1 is a root machine for conventional cultivation, but instead of the usual 1 m distance, A = approx. Planted 4 m. The row spacing is selected depending on the width of the machine. In the following, the procedure described in Example 5 is followed.

Example 7

The currant stems 1 are hand-cultivated in the conventional manner, but instead of the usual 1 m distance from each other, ₅₅ A = approx. Plant 2 m. In the following, the support system will be constructed and tied as described in Example 1.

In the case of currants, we know that the plant produces a virtually infertile shoot in the first year, which develops fruitful formulas in the second year and produces only a third crop in the third year. This plant is thus subjected to shoot sorting in 65 ways known per se in the summer. After the fall, but not later than the bud break, the annual canes are approx. Cut back to 15 cm, except for shoots or shoots. arrows on which horizontal or vertical lines can be guided along the wire. vertical direction is required. Once the upper level has been reached or reached. in the direction of the rows the shoots came together, each year each comma approx. Cut back to 15 cm. New shoots that are more than 10 cm apart are cut from the stem.

Example 8

The currant stems 1 are cultivated in a conventional manner, whereby A = approx.

m, the row spacing is selected depending on the width of the machine. In the following, the procedure described in Example 7 is followed.

Example 9

The currant stems 1 are hand-cultivated in the conventional manner, but instead of the usual 1 m distance, A = approx. 2 m, row spacing approx. We choose 2 m. The support system installation and wiring is done as in Example 3, while the pruning is done as in Example 7.

Example 10

The currant stems 1 are machine-cultivated in the conventional manner, but instead of the usual 1 m distance from each other, A = approx. Planted at 2 m, the row spacing is determined by the width of the machine. In the following, the procedure of Example 9 is followed.

Example 11

The planting of the currant stems 1, the row spacing selection and the support system are done as in Example 7, the three parallel serial wiring and binding as in Example 5 and the pruning as in Example 7.

Example 12

The currants are machine-grown in three parallel serial wiring cultivation modes as in Example 11, except that the spacing is determined by the width of the machine.

The fertilization, irrigation and crop protection of the plants are completely the same as traditional methods. The only difference in plant protection is that much less plant protection is needed, since powdery mildew and fungal infections are rarely or not at all, so virtually all winter washing is required. The gooseberry is picked by hand or shaker, and the currant is picked by hand. Given that the fruit always hangs from the underside of the horizontal branches in bunches, picking is extremely easy and quick.

The subject procedure can be used not only for planting new plantations, but also for transforming old plantations if it is not older than 4-6 years, and 3-4 years old than currants.

Claims (5)

A method for growing berries, in particular gooseberries and currants, in which the roots (1) are planted in parallel rows and a support system (2, 3) is arranged adjacent the rows of plants and at least two wires are placed on top of and adjacent to the support system (2, 3). (4, 5), characterized in that the first row of wire (4) extends from the ground approx. At a height of 0.9 m, pull out the second row of wires (5) and the third and fourth rows of wires (6 and 7), approximately 1 in. Pull out 40 cm and place one of the canes above and below the inoculation point in the direction of the rows to the left and to the first row of wire (4) and upright to the top of the wire (5) and to this wire (5), and repeating this pattern every year with new drives until the top row of wires (6 or 7) is reached, respectively. while the shoots in a row are in contact, the shoots perpendicular to the rows and the shoots between the wires (4, 5, 6 or 7) are cut from the stem. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shoots directed in the rows are guided on each level in two parallel rows each, with a distance from the ground of approx. At a height of 0.9 m, two parallel wires (4a, 4b) are pulled apart for approx. 30 'cm apart, and a second row of wires (5a, 5b) and third and fourth rows of wires (6a, 6b and 7a, 7b) are pulled out g above each other for approx. At a distance of 40 cm and above the inoculation site, pull two arrows in the direction of one of the first wires (4a) and fasten one to the right in the direction of the rows to wire ₁₀ (4a) and do the same to the other wire (4b). with two other pliers and also secured to the wire (4b), and a comma is guided vertically upwards and connected to one of the second rows of wire (lg (5a or 5b)). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the directional effects are driven at each level in three parallel rows by pulling three parallel wires (4a, 4b, 4c) from each other for approx. 30 cm apart, then a second row of wires (5a, 5b, 5c) and a third and a third row of wires parallel to each other. fourth row of wires (6a, 6b, 6c and 7a, 25 7b, 7c) pull each other for approx. At a distance of 40 cm and above the inoculation site, one is tied from the calyx to the first lower middle wire (4b) parallel to the rows, one to the left, two arrows are directed perpendicular to one of the lower outer wires (4c) and to the wire. (4c) is tied and two arrows are guided perpendicular to the rows in the direction of the other lower end wire (4a) and secured to the wire (4a), and one is guided vertically upwards to and attached to the middle wire (5b) above it. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is a gout In case of 40, the roots (1) in a row A = approx. Planted at 4 m and cut the shoots to two eyes before harvest, or if the cut buds sprout after deciduous, but before bud bud 45 again by cutting the shoots back to two eyes. 5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in the case of currants, the roots (1) are arranged in a row, 50 A = approx. It is planted 2 m and after the fall, but at the latest before the burst of mosquitoes, the annual canes are approx. Cut back to 15 cm and cut new shoots more than 10 cm apart, and in summer The shoot is selected in a manner known per se.