HRP20140934T1 - Metoda za pretvorbu organskog materijala u ugljikohidrantna goriva - Google Patents
Metoda za pretvorbu organskog materijala u ugljikohidrantna goriva Download PDFInfo
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- HRP20140934T1 HRP20140934T1 HRP20140934TT HRP20140934T HRP20140934T1 HR P20140934 T1 HRP20140934 T1 HR P20140934T1 HR P20140934T T HRP20140934T T HR P20140934TT HR P20140934 T HRP20140934 T HR P20140934T HR P20140934 T1 HRP20140934 T1 HR P20140934T1
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- organic material
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 90
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 title claims 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 28
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 12
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019735 Meat-and-bone meal Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
- C10G1/086—Characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/086—Hydrothermal carbonization
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
- C10G2300/805—Water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
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Claims (78)
1. Metoda za pretvorbu organskog materijala u ugljikohidratna goriva, obuhvaća korake:
- tlačenje navedenog organskog materijala u tekućem obliku tlakom iznad 225 bara,
- zagrijavanje navedenog organskog materijala u navedenoj tekućini na temperaturu iznad 200°C u prisustvu homogenog katalizatora koji obuhvaća tvar barem jednog elementa iz grupe IA periodičnog sustava elemenata,
pri čemu metoda nadalje obuhvaća korake:
- nakon navedenih koraka zagrijavanja i tlačenja, dovođenje u kontakt navedenog organskog materijala u navedenoj tekućini s heterogenim katalizatorom koji obuhvaća tvar barem jednog elementa grupe IVB periodičnog sustava i/ili alfa-alumina
- osiguravanje da navedena tekućina početno ima pH vrijednost iznad 7.
2. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, nadalje obuhvaća korak predtretiranja organskog materijala pod tlakom od 4-15 bara na temperaturi od 100-170°C kroz razdoblje od 0.5-2 sata.
3. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 2, pri čemu korak predtretiranja obuhvaća korak smanjenja veličine materijala kao što je rezanje, glodanje, mljevenje, ili korak prosijavanja ili njihova kombinacija.
4. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 2-3, pri čemu korak predtretiranja obuhvaća korak dodavanja aditiva u tekućinu.
5. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 2-4, pri čemu korak predtretiranja obuhvaća korak prilagođavanja pH navedene tekućine koja sadrži navedeni organski materijal iznad 7.
6. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, nadalje obuhvaća korak razdvajanja čestica iz tekućine koja sadrži organski materijal.
7. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, nadalje obuhvaća drugi korak zagrijavanja tekućine.
8. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, nadalje obuhvaća drugo razdvajanje čestica.
9. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, nadalje obuhvaća prvi korak hlađenja tekućine.
10. Metoda iz patentnog zahtjeva 8, pri čemu je prvi korak hlađenja proveden izmjenom topline s prvim korakom zagrijavanja i/ili predzagrijavanja tekućine u koraku predtretiranja.
11. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, nadalje obuhvaća korak razdvajanja plina od tekućine, kao što je plinsko gorivo.
12. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 7-11, pri čemu se plinsko gorivo koristi za zagrijavanje tekućine u drugom koraku zagrijavanja.
13. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, nadalje obuhvaća korak filtriranja tekućine u vodu i u vodi topive organske tvari iz ulja i u vodi topive soli u prvom membranskom filtru.
14. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 13, pri čemu su voda i u vodi topive organske tvari prevedene u elektricitet u izravnoj metanolskoj stanici goriva.
15. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 13, nadalje obuhvaća drugi korak filtriranja u vodi topivih organskih tvari iz vode, kao što je pročišćavanje metanola u drugom membranskom filtru.
16. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13-15, pri čemu su navedeni jedan ili više membranskih filtara odabrani iz grupe membranskih procesa koji obuhvaćaju ultrafiltraciju, nanofiltraciju, reverznu osmozu ili pervaporaciju ili njihovu kombinaciju.
17. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 15, pri čemu su voda i u vodi topive organske tvari nakon drugog koraka filtriranja transformirani u pitku vodu u postupku reverzne osmoze.
18. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 13, pri čemu u vodi topive organske tvari koje obuhvaćaju ukoncentrirani metanol recirkuliraju do koraka predtretiranja.
19. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 13, obuhvaća korak razdvajanja faza.
20. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je korak dovođenja u dodir organskog materijala u tekućini s heterogenim katalizatorom izveden dok je temperatura značajno zadržana stalnom.
21. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je temperatura u koraku dovođenja u dodir u rasponu od 200-650°C, kao što je raspon od 200-450°C, a poželjno raspon od 200-374°C, a još poželjnije u rasponu od 250-374°C, kao što je raspon 275-350°C.
22. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je tlak za navedenu pretvorbu u rasponu od 225-600 bara, kao što je raspon 225-400 bara, a poželjno u rasponu 225-350 bara, kao što je raspon 240-300 bara.
23. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je korak dovođenja u dodir učinjen u manje od 30 minuta, kao što je manje od 20 minuta, poželjno manje od 10 minuta, kao što je manje od 7,5 minuta, a još poželjnije u rasponu od 0,5-6 minuta, kao što je raspon od 1-5 minuta.
24. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu tvar barem jednog elementa grupe IVB periodičkog sustava elemenata obuhvaća cirkonij i/ili titan.
25. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 24, pri čemu je tvar barem jednog elementa grupe IVB periodičkog sustava u obliku oksida i/ili hidroksida ili njihova kombinacija.
26. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevima 24 ili 25, pri čemu je barem dio tvari tvar barem jednog elementa grupe IVB periodičkog sustava u obliku sulfata ili sulfita.
27. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu heterogeni katalizator nadalje obuhvaća barem jedan element odabran iz grupe koja se sastoji od Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, W, Mn, Mo, V, Sn, Zn, Si u količini do 20 % prema težini, kao što je količina do 10 % prema težini, poželjno u količini do 5 % prema težini, kao što je do 2,5 % prema težini.
28. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 27, pri čemu su ti elementi u obliku oksida i/ili hidroksida.
29. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je navedeni heterogeni katalizator u obliku suspendiranih čestica, tableta, peleta, prstenova, cilindara, strukture medenog saća, vlaknaste strukture i/ili kombinacija ovog.
30. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je navedeni heterogeni katalizator barem djelomično sadržan u reaktoru.
31. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je navedeni reaktor reaktor fiksnog ležišta.
32. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedeni heterogeni katalizator ima BET površinsko područje od najmanje 10 m2/g, kao što je 25 m2/g, poželjno najmanje 50 m2/g, kao što je 100 m2/g, a još poželjnije najmanje 150 m2/g, kao što je najmanje 200 m2/g.
33. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedeni heterogeni katalizator obuhvaća barem jedno površinsko područje stabilizatora izabranog iz grupe koja se sastoji od Si, La, Y ili Ce ili njihove kombinacije.
34. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 33, pri čemu navedeni heterogeni katalizator obuhvaća navedeno barem jedno površinsko područje stabilizatora u učinkovitoj količini do 20 % prema težini, kao što je učinkovita količina do 10 % prema težini, poželjno je navedeno površinsko područje stabilizatora u učinkovitoj količini do 7,5 % prema težini, kao što su površinski stabilizatori u učinkovitoj količini do 5 % prema težini, a još poželjnije su navedeni površinski stabilizatori prisutni u učinkovitoj količini od 0,5-5 % prema težini, kao što je 1-3 % prema težini.
35. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedeni heterogeni katalizator ima BET površinsko područje od najmanje 10 m2/g nakon 1000 sati uporabe, kao što je BET površinsko područje od najmanje 25 m2/g nakon 1000 sati uporabe, a poželjno BET površinsko područje od najmanje 50 m2/g nakon 1000 sati uporabe, kao što je BET površinsko područje od 100 m2/g nakon 1000 sati uporabe, a još poželjnije BET površinsko područje od najmanje 150 m2/g nakon 1000 sati uporabe, kao što je BET površinsko područje od najmanje 200 m2/g nakon 1000 sati uporabe.
36. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je navedeni heterogeni katalizator proizveden iz crvene gline.
37. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, obuhvaća korak recirkuliranja karbonata i/ili hidrogen karbonata.
38. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 37, pri čemu je koncentracija navedenih karbonata i/ili hidrogen karbonata najmanje 0,5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 1% prema težini, a poželjno najmanje 2 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 3 % prema težini, a još poželjnije najmanje 4 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 5 % prema težini.
39. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, obuhvaća korak recirkuliranja barem jednog alkohola.
40. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 39, pri čemu navedeni barem jedan alkohol obuhvaća metanol.
41. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 40, pri čemu je sadržaj metanola u navedenoj tekućini najmanje 0,05 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 0,1 % prema težini, a poželjno najmanje 0,2 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 0,3 % prema težini, a još poželjnije najmanje 0,5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 1 % prema težini.
42. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, obuhvaća korak recirkuliranja tekućine koja sadrži vodik.
43. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 42, pri čemu sadržaj vodika u navedenoj tekućini odgovara najmanje 0,001 % prema težini količine navedenog organskog materijala za tretiranje, kao što je najmanje 0,01 % prema težini navedenog organskog materijala za tretiranje, a poželjno 0,1 % prema težini navedenog organskog materijala za tretiranje, kao što je najmanje 0,2 % prema težini navedenog organskog materijala za tretiranje, a još poželjnije sadržaj vodika u tekućini je najmanje 0,5 % prema težini navedenog organskog materijala za tretiranje, kao što je najmanje 1 % prema težini navedenog organskog materijala za tretiranje.
44. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, obuhvaća korak recirkuliranja barem jedne karboksilne kiseline.
45. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 44, pri čemu navedena barem jedna karboksilna kiselina obuhvaća barem jednu karboksilnu kiselinu koja ima određenu dužinu koja odgovara 1-4 atoma ugljika.
46. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 45, pri čemu navedena barem jedna karboksilna kiselina obuhvaća mravlju i/ili octenu kiselinu.
47. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 44-46, pri čemu je koncentracija navedene karboksilne(ih) kiseline(a) u navedenoj tekućini najmanje 100 dijelova na milijun prema težini, kao što je najmanje 250 dijelova na milijun prema težini, a poželjno najmanje 400 dijelova na milijun prema težini, kao što je 500 dijelova na milijun prema težini.
48. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, obuhvaća korak recirkuliranja barem jednog aldehida i/ili barem jednog ketona.
49. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 48, pri čemu navedeni barem jedan aldehid i/ili barem jedan keton obuhvaća barem jedan aldehid i/ili barem jedan keton koji ima određenu dužinu koja odgovara 1-4 atoma ugljika.
50. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 48-49, pri čemu navedeni barem jedan aldehid i/ili barem jedan keton obuhvaća formaldehid i/ili acetaldehid.
51. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 48-50, pri čemu je koncentracija navedenog barem jednog aldehida i/ili ketona u navedenoj tekućini najmanje 100 dijelova na milijun prema težini, kao što je najmanje 250 dijelova na milijun prema težini, a poželjno najmanje 400 dijelova na milijun prema težini, kao što je 500 dijelova na milijun prema težini.
52. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu homogeni katalizator obuhvaća kalij i/ili natrij.
53. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 52, pri čemu homogeni katalizator obuhvaća jednu ili više u vodi topivih soli odabranih iz grupe koja se sastoji od KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 ili njihovih kombinacija.
54. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 52, pri čemu je koncentracija homogenog katalizatora najmanje 0,5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 1 % prema težini, a poželjno najmanje 1,5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 2,0 % prema težini, a još poželjnije iznad 2,5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 4 % prema težini.
55. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedena tekućina sadrži vodu.
56. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 55, pri čemu voda ima koncentraciju najmanje 5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 10 % prema težini, a poželjno najmanje 20 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 30 % prema težini, a još poželjnije najmanje 40 % prema težini navedene tekućine.
57. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 55-56, pri čemu je koncentracija navedene vode u navedenoj tekućini do 99,5 % prema težini, kao što je do 98 % prema težini, a poželjno do 95 % prema težini, kao što je do 90 % prema težini, a još poželjnije do 85 % prema težini, kao što je do 80 % prema težini.
58. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 37-51, pri čemu je navedeni barem jedan karbonat i/ili barem jedan hidrogen karbonat i/ili barem jedan alkohol i/ili barem jedna karboksilna kiselina i/ili barem jedan aldehid i/ili barem jedan keton barem djelomično proizveden pretvorbom navedenog organskog materijala.
59. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 58, pri čemu je navedeni barem jedan karbonat i/ili barem jedan hidrogen karbonat i/ili barem jedan alkohol i/ili barem jedna karboksilna kiselina i/ili barem jedan aldehid i/ili barem jedan keton recirkuliran nakon koraka dovođenja u dodir.
60. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 58 ili 59, pri čemu je barem dio protoka navedene recirkulacije pomiješan u omjeru s ulaznim protokom navedene tekućine koja obuhvaća navedeni homogeni katalizator i organski materijal za pretvorbu prije ulaska u katalitički reaktor.
61. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 60, pri čemu je omjer recirkulacijskog protoka prema ulaznom protoku navedene tekućine u rasponu 1-20, kao što je 1-10, a poželjno unutar raspona 1.5-7.5, kao što je u rasponu 2-6, a još poželjnije u rasponu 2.5-5, prema masi/volumenu.
62. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je pretvorba navedenog organskog materijala najmanje 90 %, kao što je najmanje 95 %, a poželjno iznad 97.5 %, kao što je iznad 99 %, a još poželjnije iznad 99,5 %, kao što je iznad 99.9 %.
63. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 30-31 ili 60-61, pri čemu je navedeni reaktor s heterogenim katalizatorom podvrgnut tretmanu s vrućom vodom pod tlakom u predodređenim intervalima.
64. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 63, pri čemu navedeni tretman s vrućom vodom pod tlakom ima trajanje od manje od 12 sati, kao što je trajanje od manje od 6 sati, poželjno trajanje od manje od 3 sata, kao što je trajanje od manje od 1 sata.
65. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 63 ili 64, pri čemu je interval između takvih tretiranja vrućom vodom pod tlakom najmanje 6 sati, kao što je najmanje 12 sati, poželjno je navedeni interval između takvih tretiranja vrućom vodom pod tlakom najmanje 24 sata, kao što je najmanje jedan tjedan.
66. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je navedeni organski materijal odabran iz grupe koja se sastoji od taloga, kao što je sanitarni talog, tekuće gnojivo, kukuruzna silaža, talog od bistrenja, crni liker, ostaci od fermentacije, ostaci od proizvodnje soka, ostaci od proizvodnje jestivog ulja, ostaci od obrade voća i povrća, ostaci od proizvodnje hrane i pića, eluat ili cijeđena voda ili njihova kombinacija.
67. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedeni organski materijal obuhvaća lignocelulozne materijale, odabrane iz grupe koja se sastoji od biomase, slame, trava, stabljika, drva, tropa, otpada od vina, piljevine, komadića drveta ili energetskih usjeva ili njihovih kombinacija.
68. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedeni organski materijal obuhvaća otpad, kao što je otpad iz kućanstva, komunalni kruti otpad, otpadni papir, automatski usitnjeni otpad, plastiku, polimere, gume, otpadne gume vozila, otpadne kablove, CCA tretirano drvo, halogenirane organske tvari, transformirana ulja koja nose PCB, elektrolitske kapacitatore, halone, medicinski otpad, rizični materijal iz obrade mesa, obroke mesa i kostiju, tekuće protoke, kao što su protoci obradne ili otpadne vode koji sadrže otopljeni i/ili suspendirani organski materijal.
69. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 66, pri čemu je navedeni talog talog iz postupka biološke obrade.
70. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 1-66, pri čemu je navedeni organski materijal talog iz postupka obrade otpadne vode.
71. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 69, pri čemu je navedeni postupak biološkog tretiranja dio postupka obrade otpadne vode.
72. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 71, pri čemu je navedeni postupak biološkog tretiranja aerobni postupak.
73. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 71, pri čemu je navedeni postupak biološkog tretiranja anaerobni postupak.
74. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je navedeni organski materijal bio podvrgnut mehaničkom dehidriranju.
75. Metoda u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 60, pri čemu navedeni mehanički dehidrirani organski materijal ima suhi kruti sadržaj od najmanje 10 % prema težini, poželjno najmanje 15 % prema težini, poželjnije najmanje 20 % prema težini, najpoželjnije 25 % prema težini.
76. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu navedeni organski materijal obuhvaća smjesu taloga, lignoceluloznih materijala ili otpada.
77. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu je koncentracija navedenog organskog materijal u navedenoj tekućini najmanje 5 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 10 % prema težini, poželjno je koncentracija navedenog organskog materijal najmanje 15 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 200 % prema težini, a još poželjnije je koncentracija navedenog organskog materijal najmanje 30 % prema težini, kao što je najmanje 50 % prema težini.
78. Metoda u skladu s bilo kojim od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu su elementi grupe IA periodičnog sustava pepeo dobiven izgaranjem biomase ili pepeo od gorenja ugljena.
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| US (2) | US8299315B2 (hr) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| DK2573154T3 (da) | 2019-10-28 |
| KR101397634B1 (ko) | 2014-05-22 |
| MX2007013381A (es) | 2008-04-02 |
| KR20080027764A (ko) | 2008-03-28 |
| WO2006117002A2 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| JP2008539285A (ja) | 2008-11-13 |
| WO2006117002A3 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
| US20130195732A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
| BRPI0609864A2 (pt) | 2010-05-11 |
| PL1879981T3 (pl) | 2015-01-30 |
| BRPI0609864B1 (pt) | 2016-09-06 |
| AU2006243565A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| CA2606762C (en) | 2014-10-14 |
| CA2606762A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| US8299315B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
| NO341354B1 (no) | 2017-10-23 |
| NZ563741A (en) | 2010-07-30 |
| EP1879981A2 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
| EA013190B1 (ru) | 2010-02-26 |
| JP2014139323A (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
| US20090064566A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
| AU2006243565B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| JP6001588B2 (ja) | 2016-10-05 |
| US8771601B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
| US20140161682A2 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
| EA200971028A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
| JP5743172B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
| EP1879981B1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
| NO20075733L (no) | 2008-01-17 |
| EA200702335A1 (ru) | 2008-06-30 |
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