GB1596995A - Electroplating chromium and its alloys - Google Patents
Electroplating chromium and its alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1596995A GB1596995A GB24734/77A GB2473477A GB1596995A GB 1596995 A GB1596995 A GB 1596995A GB 24734/77 A GB24734/77 A GB 24734/77A GB 2473477 A GB2473477 A GB 2473477A GB 1596995 A GB1596995 A GB 1596995A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- solution
- plating
- iii
- grams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 chromium (III) ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- YRTKBCIAQCXVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);trithiocyanate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N YRTKBCIAQCXVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- RROSXLCQOOGZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;isothiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=C=S RROSXLCQOOGZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 7
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010008488 Glycylglycine Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010067216 glycyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-glycyl-glycine Natural products NCC(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YMAWOPBAYDPSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycylglycine Chemical group [NH3+]CC(=O)NCC([O-])=O YMAWOPBAYDPSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003630 glycyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- WRIINKYBVSMNJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro thiocyanate Chemical compound ClSC#N WRIINKYBVSMNJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NQXGLOVMOABDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][PH+]=O NQXGLOVMOABDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- OUZQWLRSTYOGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chromium(3+) thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cr+2]SC#N OUZQWLRSTYOGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 235000015217 chromium(III) sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011696 chromium(III) sulphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 235000007831 chromium(III) chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 7
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229960000359 chromic chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HJABKCCOUVBCLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClSC#N.[Cr+3] Chemical compound ClSC#N.[Cr+3] HJABKCCOUVBCLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZKJMJQVGBCLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZKJMJQVGBCLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010018498 Goitre Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OMNUSRXSFCRPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M NCC([O-])=O.[Cr+3] Chemical compound NCC([O-])=O.[Cr+3] OMNUSRXSFCRPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RAGLTCMTCZHYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium;chromium(3+);disulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RAGLTCMTCZHYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UZEDIBTVIIJELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+) Chemical compound [Cr+2] UZEDIBTVIIJELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGIOUAZJUMGWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chromium(3+);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cr+3] IGIOUAZJUMGWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000003872 goiter Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007130 inorganic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium dichromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluorochromium Chemical compound F[Cr](F)F FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
Priority Applications (24)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB24734/77A GB1596995A (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1977-06-14 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| ZA00782162A ZA782162B (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-04-14 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| AU35211/78A AU520857B2 (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-04-18 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| IN286/DEL/78A IN151389B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-04-18 | |
| DE19782818780 DE2818780A1 (de) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-04-28 | Galvanisches bad zum elektroplattieren von chrom oder chromlegierungen |
| AT327978A AT355886B (de) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-05 | Galvanisches bad zum elektroplattieren von chrom oder chromlegierungen |
| FR7814656A FR2394621A2 (fr) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-09 | Procede et solution pour depots electrolytiques de chrome et d'alliages de chrome |
| BE187693A BE867069R (fr) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-12 | Procede et solution pour depots electrolytiques de chrome et d'alliages de chrome |
| CH518878A CH641213A5 (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-12 | Electroplating bath for electroplating chromium or chromium alloys |
| CA303,634A CA1111369A (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-18 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| NL7805538A NL7805538A (nl) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-23 | Elektrolytisch neerslaan van chroom. |
| SE7806066A SE430347B (sv) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-05-26 | Losning for elektropletering av krom eller kromlegering |
| ES470542A ES470542A1 (es) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-06 | Un procedimiento de galvanoplastia con cromo-o una aleacion que contiene cromo |
| US05/913,973 US4161432A (en) | 1975-12-03 | 1978-06-08 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| AR272544A AR218669A1 (es) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-09 | Solucion para electrodeposicion de cromo o de una aleacion de cromo |
| DD78205946A DD137126A5 (de) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-12 | Galvanisches bad zum elektroplattieren von chrom oder chromlegierungen |
| NO782046A NO151375C (no) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-12 | Vandig opploesning inneholdende kron(iii)-tiocyanat-kompleks for elektroplettering av krom eller en kromlegering |
| BR7803752A BR7803752A (pt) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-12 | Solucao e processo para galvanoplastia de cromo ou de liga contendo cromo |
| IT2449978A IT1158854B (it) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-13 | Bagno e processo per l'elettrodeposizione di cromo e sue leghe |
| IE1190/78A IE47088B1 (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-13 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| DK263878A DK151643C (da) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-13 | Vandig oploesning indeholdende et chrom(iii)thiocyanatkompleks til elektroplettering af chrom eller en chromlegering |
| FI781902A FI63785C (fi) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-14 | Loesning innehaollande ett krom (iii) tiocyanatkomplex foer elktroplaetering av krom eller en kromlegering |
| JP7101878A JPS545832A (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1978-06-14 | Electroplating solution for chromium or chromium alloy |
| DE19792921749 DE2921749A1 (de) | 1977-06-14 | 1979-05-29 | Galvanisches bad zum elektroplattieren von chrom oder chromlegierungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB24734/77A GB1596995A (en) | 1977-06-14 | 1977-06-14 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1596995A true GB1596995A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
Family
ID=10216419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB24734/77A Expired GB1596995A (en) | 1975-12-03 | 1977-06-14 | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
Country Status (21)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012150198A3 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2013-07-25 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
| EP2411567B1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2018-12-19 | MacDermid Acumen, Inc. | Chromium alloy coating with enhanced resistance to corrosion in calcium chloride environments |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1596995A (en) * | 1977-06-14 | 1981-09-03 | Ibm | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| IN153802B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1978-11-11 | 1984-08-18 | Ibm | |
| GB2038361B (en) * | 1978-11-11 | 1983-08-17 | Ibm | Trivalent chromium plating bath |
| US20170306515A1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | Macdermid Acumen, Inc | Dark Colored Chromium Based Electrodeposits |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2822326A (en) * | 1955-03-22 | 1958-02-04 | Rockwell Spring & Axle Co | Bright chromium alloy plating |
| GB1444913A (en) * | 1972-10-09 | 1976-08-04 | Vickers Ltd | Removal of flexible sheets from rotary drums |
| GB1482747A (en) * | 1973-10-10 | 1977-08-10 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Chromium plating baths |
| GB1455580A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1976-11-17 | Albright & Wilson | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| GB1455841A (en) * | 1974-11-26 | 1976-11-17 | Albright & Wilson | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| GB1431639A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1976-04-14 | Ibm Uk | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| GB1498533A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1978-01-18 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Trivalent chromium plating baths |
| GB1498532A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1978-01-18 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Trivalent chromium plating baths |
| DE2550615A1 (de) * | 1975-11-11 | 1977-05-18 | Int Lead Zinc Res | Waessriges verchromungsbad und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| FR2331628A1 (fr) * | 1975-11-14 | 1977-06-10 | Int Lead Zinc Res | Bain de depot au chrome trivalent |
| GB1596995A (en) * | 1977-06-14 | 1981-09-03 | Ibm | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
-
1977
- 1977-06-14 GB GB24734/77A patent/GB1596995A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-04-14 ZA ZA00782162A patent/ZA782162B/xx unknown
- 1978-04-18 IN IN286/DEL/78A patent/IN151389B/en unknown
- 1978-04-18 AU AU35211/78A patent/AU520857B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-28 DE DE19782818780 patent/DE2818780A1/de active Granted
- 1978-05-05 AT AT327978A patent/AT355886B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-09 FR FR7814656A patent/FR2394621A2/fr active Granted
- 1978-05-12 CH CH518878A patent/CH641213A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-12 BE BE187693A patent/BE867069R/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-18 CA CA303,634A patent/CA1111369A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-23 NL NL7805538A patent/NL7805538A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-05-26 SE SE7806066A patent/SE430347B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-06 ES ES470542A patent/ES470542A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-06-09 AR AR272544A patent/AR218669A1/es active
- 1978-06-12 DD DD78205946A patent/DD137126A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-12 BR BR7803752A patent/BR7803752A/pt unknown
- 1978-06-12 NO NO782046A patent/NO151375C/no unknown
- 1978-06-13 DK DK263878A patent/DK151643C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-13 IE IE1190/78A patent/IE47088B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-14 FI FI781902A patent/FI63785C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-14 JP JP7101878A patent/JPS545832A/ja active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-05-29 DE DE19792921749 patent/DE2921749A1/de active Granted
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2411567B1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2018-12-19 | MacDermid Acumen, Inc. | Chromium alloy coating with enhanced resistance to corrosion in calcium chloride environments |
| WO2012150198A3 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2013-07-25 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
| EP2886683A3 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2015-07-01 | ATOTECH Deutschland GmbH | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
| US9689081B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2017-06-27 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
| US10006135B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2018-06-26 | Atotech Deutschland LLP | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
| US10174432B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2019-01-08 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroplating bath and method for producing dark chromium layers |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 19941210 |