GB1399196A - Synthesis of 2,4-dienoic acids esters and thioesters for use in insect control - Google Patents
Synthesis of 2,4-dienoic acids esters and thioesters for use in insect controlInfo
- Publication number
- GB1399196A GB1399196A GB2239173A GB2239173A GB1399196A GB 1399196 A GB1399196 A GB 1399196A GB 2239173 A GB2239173 A GB 2239173A GB 2239173 A GB2239173 A GB 2239173A GB 1399196 A GB1399196 A GB 1399196A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- trans
- esters
- ethyl
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- -1 acids esters Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 2
- MNYBEULOKRVZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCCC(C)CC=CC(C)=CC(O)=O MNYBEULOKRVZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- BFAKENXZKHGIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenyl)diazene Chemical compound FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)I)F)F)N=NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)I)F)F BFAKENXZKHGIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052708 sodium Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
- C07C59/58—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C327/00—Thiocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/02—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from salts of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/377—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
- C07C51/38—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by decarboxylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/03—Monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
- C07C59/42—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27832872A | 1972-08-07 | 1972-08-07 | |
| US00340509A US3818047A (en) | 1972-08-07 | 1973-03-12 | Substituted pyrones |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1399196A true GB1399196A (en) | 1975-06-25 |
Family
ID=26959044
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2239173A Expired GB1399196A (en) | 1972-08-07 | 1973-05-10 | Synthesis of 2,4-dienoic acids esters and thioesters for use in insect control |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3818047A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5756459B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1009249A (enExample) |
| CH (1) | CH592042A5 (enExample) |
| DD (1) | DD107258A5 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2332601A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES416048A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2195619B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1399196A (enExample) |
| IE (1) | IE38037B1 (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL42651A0 (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT994868B (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7310561A (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2181732A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-04-29 | Egyt Gyogyszervegyeszeti Gyar | Process for the preparation of 2E 4E carboxylic acids |
Families Citing this family (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57123181A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1982-07-31 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Preparation of pyrazolo (1,5-a) pyridine derivative |
| US5116618A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1992-05-26 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Water-soluble arthropodicidally-active foam matrix and method of manufacture |
| US5104658A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1992-04-14 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Collapsible arthropodicidally-active foam matrix and method of manufacture |
| US5296220A (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-03-22 | Roelofs Wendell L | Cockroach attractant |
| US6787342B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-09-07 | Merial Limited | Paste formulations |
| US7262214B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2007-08-28 | Merial Limited | 1-N-arylpyrazole derivatives in prevention of arthropod-borne and mosquito-borne diseases |
| US8362086B2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2013-01-29 | Merial Limited | Long acting injectable formulations |
| NZ573758A (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | Aventis Agriculture | 1-Phenyl-3-cyano-pyrazole derivatives and pesticidal formulations containing them |
| EP2155699B9 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2016-09-14 | Merial, Inc. | Aryloazol-2-yl cyanoethylamino compounds, method of making and method of using thereof |
| AR074024A1 (es) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-12-15 | Merial Ltd | Compuesto de arilazol-2-il-cianoetilamino enantiomericamente enriquecidos, composicion plaguicida y su uso para prevenir la infeccion parasitaria |
| KR101660068B1 (ko) | 2008-11-19 | 2016-09-26 | 메리얼 인코포레이티드 | 기생충 감염 치료를 위한 1-아릴피라졸 단독 또는 포름아미딘과의 조합을 포함하는 조성물 |
| TWI457347B (zh) | 2008-12-04 | 2014-10-21 | Merial Ltd | 二聚合的阿佛菌素（ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ）及密倍脈心（ｍｉｌｂｅｍｙｃｉｎ）衍生物 |
| BR112012002164B1 (pt) | 2009-07-30 | 2021-04-20 | Merial, Inc | compostos inseticidas de 4-amino-tieno[2,3-d]-pirimidina e métodos para seu uso |
| CN102712583B (zh) | 2009-12-04 | 2015-04-08 | 梅里亚有限公司 | 农药用双-有机硫化合物 |
| WO2011075592A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | Merial Limited | Compositions comprising macrocyclic lactone compounds and spirodioxepinoindoles |
| RS58691B1 (sr) | 2009-12-17 | 2019-06-28 | Merial Inc | Antiparazitske kompozicije dihidroazola |
| UA108641C2 (uk) | 2010-04-02 | 2015-05-25 | Паразитицидна композиція, яка містить чотири активних агенти, та спосіб її застосування | |
| MX2013005414A (es) | 2010-11-16 | 2013-08-29 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Derivados de monensina novedosos para el tratamiento y prevencion de infecciones por protozoarios. |
| BR112013033568B1 (pt) | 2011-06-27 | 2020-11-24 | Merial, Inc | Compostos eter amidopiridil e composiqoes, e seu uso contra parasitas |
| US20120329832A1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2012-12-27 | Jean Delaveau | Novel Insect-Repellent Coumarin Derivatives, Syntheses, and Methods of Use |
| PH12018501647A1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2019-02-27 | Merial Inc | Parasiticidal compositions comprising an isoxazoline active agent, methods and uses thereof |
| US20130079394A1 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | Cnrs (Centre National Recherche Scientifique) | Indirect modeling of new repellent molecules active against insects, acarids, and other arthropods |
| CA2855954C (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2020-09-01 | Merial Limited | Compositions comprising an aryl pyrazole and a substituted imidazole, methods and uses thereof. |
| PL2785719T3 (pl) | 2011-12-02 | 2018-03-30 | Merial, Inc. | Długodziałające wstrzykiwalne postaci moksydektyny i nowe postaci krystaliczne moksydektyny |
| SG11201404595TA (en) | 2012-02-06 | 2014-09-26 | Merial Ltd | Parasiticidal oral veterinary compositions comprising systemically-acting active agents, methods and uses thereof |
| JO3626B1 (ar) | 2012-02-23 | 2020-08-27 | Merial Inc | تركيبات موضعية تحتوي على فيبرونيل و بيرميثرين و طرق استخدامها |
| BR112014026184B1 (pt) | 2012-04-20 | 2019-04-24 | Merial, Inc. | Composições parasiticídicas compreendendo derivados de benzimidazol, métodos e seus usos |
| NZ723198A (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2018-11-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc | Anthelmintic compounds and compositions and methods of using thereof |
| SG11201603430XA (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2016-05-30 | Merial Ltd | Antiparasitic and pesticidal isoxazoline compounds |
| ES2765405T3 (es) | 2014-04-17 | 2020-06-09 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc | Utilización de compuestos de malononitrilo para proteger animales de parásitos |
| US10045979B2 (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2018-08-14 | Merial Inc. | Anthelmintic compounds |
| WO2015196014A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Merial, Inc. | Parasiticidal compositions comprising indole derivatives, methods and uses thereof |
| ES2887302T3 (es) | 2014-10-31 | 2021-12-22 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc | Composiciones parasiticidas que comprenden fipronil |
| UY36570A (es) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-10-31 | Merial Inc | Formulaciones inyectables de acción prolongada que comprenden un agente activo isoxazolina, métodos y usos de las mismas |
| US10081656B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2018-09-25 | Merial, Inc. | Anthelmintic depsipeptide compounds |
| UY37137A (es) | 2016-02-24 | 2017-09-29 | Merial Inc | Compuestos antiparasitarios de isoxazolina, formulaciones inyectables de acción prolongada que los comprenden, métodos y usos de los mismos |
| WO2018039508A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Merial, Inc. | Method for reducing unwanted effects in parasiticidal treatments |
| EP3525590B1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2025-08-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH | Pesticidal and parasiticidal vinyl isoxazoline compounds |
| EP3541789A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2019-09-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. | Anthelmintic depsipeptide compounds |
| NZ760663A (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2025-11-28 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc | Dual active parasiticidal granule compositions, methods and uses thereof |
| CN111194316A (zh) | 2017-08-14 | 2020-05-22 | 勃林格殷格翰动物保健美国公司 | 农药的和杀寄生物的吡唑-异噁唑啉化合物 |
| IL279977B2 (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2024-06-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc | Heterocyclic anthelmintic compounds |
| CN113260419A (zh) | 2018-11-20 | 2021-08-13 | 勃林格殷格翰动物保健美国公司 | 吲唑基氰基乙基氨基化合物、其组合物、其制备方法和其使用方法 |
| US20220202835A1 (en) | 2019-03-01 | 2022-06-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. | Injectable clorsulon compositions, methods and uses thereof |
| CA3133100A1 (en) | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-24 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. | Anthelmintic aza-benzothiophene and aza-benzofuran compounds |
| MX2022015038A (es) | 2020-05-29 | 2023-01-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Usa Inc | Compuestos heterociclicos como anthelminticos. |
| WO2022140728A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animam Health Usa Inc. | Parasiticidal collar comprising isoxazoline compounds |
| WO2023156938A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Gmbh | Method and system for providing a fluid product mailer |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2768175A (en) * | 1952-01-29 | 1956-10-23 | Eastman Kodak Co | Catalytic process for the conversion of isodehydroacetic esters into derivatives of beta-methyl glutaconic acid |
| US3248187A (en) * | 1961-12-22 | 1966-04-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Alkenyl dicarboxylic acid lactones, their method of preparation and utility |
-
1973
- 1973-03-12 US US00340509A patent/US3818047A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-04-24 CA CA169,320A patent/CA1009249A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-10 GB GB2239173A patent/GB1399196A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-25 IT IT24634/73A patent/IT994868B/it active
- 1973-06-12 FR FR7321337A patent/FR2195619B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-06-19 ES ES416048A patent/ES416048A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-06-21 JP JP48070391A patent/JPS5756459B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-06-27 DE DE2332601A patent/DE2332601A1/de active Pending
- 1973-07-02 IL IL42651A patent/IL42651A0/xx unknown
- 1973-07-03 CH CH969273A patent/CH592042A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-07-04 IE IE1127/73A patent/IE38037B1/xx unknown
- 1973-07-04 DD DD172057A patent/DD107258A5/xx unknown
- 1973-07-31 NL NL7310561A patent/NL7310561A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2181732A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-04-29 | Egyt Gyogyszervegyeszeti Gyar | Process for the preparation of 2E 4E carboxylic acids |
| GB2181732B (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1989-09-27 | Egyt Gyogyszervegyeszeti Gyar | Process for the preparation of 2e 4e carboxylic acids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE38037L (en) | 1974-02-07 |
| CA1009249A (en) | 1977-04-26 |
| CH592042A5 (enExample) | 1977-10-14 |
| NL7310561A (enExample) | 1974-02-11 |
| IL42651A0 (en) | 1973-10-25 |
| IE38037B1 (en) | 1977-12-07 |
| JPS5756459B2 (enExample) | 1982-11-30 |
| FR2195619B1 (enExample) | 1978-09-29 |
| FR2195619A1 (enExample) | 1974-03-08 |
| DE2332601A1 (de) | 1974-02-28 |
| IT994868B (it) | 1975-10-20 |
| JPS4955615A (enExample) | 1974-05-30 |
| ES416048A1 (es) | 1976-03-01 |
| US3818047A (en) | 1974-06-18 |
| DD107258A5 (enExample) | 1974-07-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB1399196A (en) | Synthesis of 2,4-dienoic acids esters and thioesters for use in insect control | |
| GB1283226A (en) | Alkyl esters of 3,3-dimethyl-2-formyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and dialkyl-ketals thereof | |
| GB1474561A (en) | Derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-oic acids methods for their preparation and compositions containing them | |
| GB1301817A (enExample) | ||
| STEVENS et al. | The kinetics of basic hydrolysis of some γ-lactones and γ-thiolactones in aqueous acetone1 | |
| IE37907B1 (en) | Derivatives of triiodo-aminobenzenecarboxylic acids and preparation thereof | |
| GB1430693A (en) | Preparation of phenyl propionic acid derivatives | |
| GB1382121A (en) | Polybasic ether carboxylic acids | |
| GB1424416A (en) | Prostaglandin intermediates and their preparation | |
| JPS559024A (en) | Tetrahydro ml-236b, its derivative, and remedy for hyperlipemia comprising it as active constituent | |
| IE38659L (en) | Pregnane acid derivatives. | |
| ES8308358A1 (es) | Un procedimiento para la preparacion de una serie de nuevos derivados del compuesto ml-236b | |
| ES425088A1 (es) | Procedimiento para preparar resinas acidas. | |
| GB1409321A (en) | Unsaturated esters and their use in insect control | |
| US3773793A (en) | Acyl pyrones | |
| GB907431A (en) | Improvements in or relating to alicyclic keto-esters and process for their manufacture | |
| US3897483A (en) | Novel 1-acyloxy-2-(omega-carboalkoxyalkyl)cycloalk-1-enes | |
| GB1556999A (en) | Unsaturated carboxylic acids | |
| Ikan et al. | SYNTHESIS OF Y-AND 8-LACTONES AND THEIR ODOROUS AND PLANT-GROWTH REGULATING ACTIVITY. | |
| GB1176224A (en) | Method of Producing Novel Polyene Compounds | |
| FR2067854A5 (en) | Subst vinyl cyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acids insecticidal prepn | |
| IE37306B1 (en) | Unsaturated esters and thioesters and improvements in or relating to insect control | |
| GB1414607A (en) | Unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives | |
| IE39310B1 (en) | Methyl acetoacetic ester enamine of d-2- glycine sodium salt | |
| GB1297662A (enExample) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |