GB1386953A - Process for making moulded plastic articles - Google Patents

Process for making moulded plastic articles

Info

Publication number
GB1386953A
GB1386953A GB1226472*[A GB1226472A GB1386953A GB 1386953 A GB1386953 A GB 1386953A GB 1226472 A GB1226472 A GB 1226472A GB 1386953 A GB1386953 A GB 1386953A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sheet
forming
heated
plastic articles
moulded plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1226472*[A
Other languages
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHELL INT RESEARCH
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
SHELL INT RESEARCH
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE787219D priority Critical patent/BE787219A/xx
Application filed by SHELL INT RESEARCH, Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical SHELL INT RESEARCH
Priority to GB1226472*[A priority patent/GB1386953A/en
Priority to CA147,903A priority patent/CA995432A/en
Priority to SE7209687A priority patent/SE385808B/xx
Priority to IT69504/72A priority patent/IT964849B/it
Priority to FR7227720A priority patent/FR2148447B1/fr
Priority to JP47077350A priority patent/JPS4826863A/ja
Priority to DE2238831A priority patent/DE2238831A1/de
Priority to CH1171272A priority patent/CH546634A/xx
Priority to NL7210871A priority patent/NL7210871A/xx
Publication of GB1386953A publication Critical patent/GB1386953A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/42Heating or cooling
    • B29C51/426Producing specific thermal regimes during thermoforming to obtain particular properties
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45CPURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
    • A45C5/00Rigid or semi-rigid luggage
    • A45C5/02Materials therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/002Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/04Combined thermoforming and prestretching, e.g. biaxial stretching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • B29C51/082Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only by shaping between complementary mould parts
    • B29C51/085Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only by shaping between complementary mould parts with at least one of the shaping surfaces being made of resilien material, e.g. rubber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/10Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/7418Suitcases

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
GB1226472*[A 1971-08-11 1972-03-16 Process for making moulded plastic articles Expired GB1386953A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE787219D BE787219A (fr) 1971-08-11 Articles en matiere plastique moulee
GB1226472*[A GB1386953A (en) 1971-08-11 1972-03-16 Process for making moulded plastic articles
CA147,903A CA995432A (en) 1971-08-11 1972-07-25 Moulded plastic articles
SE7209687A SE385808B (sv) 1971-08-11 1972-07-25 Sett att kallforma en termoplastisk halkropp under formpressning
IT69504/72A IT964849B (it) 1971-08-11 1972-07-31 Articolo cavo stampato di materia plastica otilizzabile particolar mente per valigeria e parti di autoveicoli
FR7227720A FR2148447B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-11 1972-08-01
JP47077350A JPS4826863A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-11 1972-08-03
DE2238831A DE2238831A1 (de) 1971-08-11 1972-08-07 Thermoplast-hohlformteil und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
CH1171272A CH546634A (de) 1971-08-11 1972-08-08 Verfahren zur herstellung von schalenfoermigen kunststoffteilen.
NL7210871A NL7210871A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-11 1972-08-09

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3770771 1971-08-11
GB1226472*[A GB1386953A (en) 1971-08-11 1972-03-16 Process for making moulded plastic articles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1386953A true GB1386953A (en) 1975-03-12

Family

ID=26248896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1226472*[A Expired GB1386953A (en) 1971-08-11 1972-03-16 Process for making moulded plastic articles

Country Status (10)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS4826863A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE787219A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA995432A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH546634A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2238831A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2148447B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1386953A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT964849B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7210871A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE385808B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0781104A4 (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-05-20 Samsonite Corp LUGGAGE FORMED BY DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE, WITH INTEGRATED MOLDED FRAME
WO2005123369A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-29 Samsonite Corporation Process and apparatus for making a plastic component from self-reinforced thermo-plastic material and plastic component produced
FR2883795A1 (fr) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-06 Stephane Sorlin Perfectionnement aux presses de faconnage, en particulier presses de gaufrage permanent
US7993716B2 (en) 2004-01-07 2011-08-09 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Process for the manufacture of curved objects
US8215860B2 (en) 2005-10-12 2012-07-10 Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd. Cosmetic storage type applicator
EP2637849B1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2017-08-23 Airbus Operations GmbH Method for producing an aircraft structural component
WO2018167233A1 (en) 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Samsonite Ip Holdings S.Á R.L. Biaxially oriented thermoplastic polymer laminate films for luggage articles and methods of making the same
RU2702555C1 (ru) * 2018-06-04 2019-10-08 Тойота Дзидося Кабусики Кайся Устройство формования и способ производства формованного изделия
CN110891785A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2020-03-17 英威达纺织(英国)有限公司 用于硬质表面的复合聚合物膜耐磨层
DE102020134704A1 (de) 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Spannrahmen zur abgedichteten Fixierung einer Folie an einem Produktionselement

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52144061A (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-12-01 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Method and device for thermally forming plastic sheet
DE2656071C3 (de) * 1976-12-10 1982-12-30 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller KG, 8941 Wolfertschwenden Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verformen von Kunststoffolie zu einseitig offenen Behältern mit einer Bodenkante
NL7710568A (nl) * 1977-09-28 1979-03-30 Wavin Bv Werkwijze voor het doorlopend vormen van holle voorwerpen uit thermoplastisch materiaal.
DE2757554C3 (de) * 1977-12-23 1985-07-11 Fa. J.S. Staedtler, 8500 Nürnberg Schreibeinsatz für Röhrchenschreibgeräte
DE2901368A1 (de) * 1979-01-15 1980-07-31 Lentia Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von formteilen aus propylenhomo- oder co-polymeren mit gutem tieftemperaturverhalten
EP0095121A3 (de) * 1982-05-16 1986-01-29 Kurt Hacker Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines wenigstens teilweise gewölbten, plattenförmigen Spiegelkörpers aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff
JPS6030324A (ja) * 1983-07-28 1985-02-15 Uchiyama Mfg Corp ガスケツトの製造方法
WO1986007563A1 (en) * 1985-06-17 1986-12-31 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Process and apparatus for the manufacture of shaped articles or pieces from a sheet of orientable plastic material
DE9216080U1 (de) * 1992-11-26 1993-08-26 Reiss International GmbH, 88069 Tettnang Tiefziehteil
AT403751B (de) * 1996-06-19 1998-05-25 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Verfahren zur herstellung einer membran für einen elektroakustischen wandler
DE10251197C5 (de) * 2002-11-04 2008-06-19 Erhard Jahnen Verfahren zum Bördeln von runden Gefäßen

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0781104A4 (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-05-20 Samsonite Corp LUGGAGE FORMED BY DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE, WITH INTEGRATED MOLDED FRAME
US7993716B2 (en) 2004-01-07 2011-08-09 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Process for the manufacture of curved objects
RU2377126C2 (ru) * 2004-06-18 2009-12-27 Самсонайт Корпорейшн Способ и устройство для производства пластмассового изделия из самоупрочняющегося термопластичного материала и изготовленное пластмассовое изделие
EP2168754B1 (en) 2004-06-18 2019-12-04 Samsonite IP Holdings S.à r.l. Luggage shell
EP2168754A2 (en) 2004-06-18 2010-03-31 Samsonite IP Holdings S.a.r.l Plastic component, in particular luggage shell, made of self-reinforced thermoplastic material and apparatus for making such a component
CN101027179B (zh) * 2004-06-18 2011-02-09 新秀丽Ip控股有限公司 由自增强热塑材料制造塑性元件的方法和装置
EP2647488A2 (en) 2004-06-18 2013-10-09 Samsonite IP Holdings S.a.r.l Process for making a plastic component from self-reinforced thermo-plastic material and plastic component produced by this process
US8663531B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2014-03-04 Samsonite Ip Holdings S.A.R.L. Process for making a luggage shell from self-reinforced thermo-plastic material
EP2168754A3 (en) * 2004-06-18 2015-08-12 Samsonite IP Holdings S.a.r.l Plastic component, in particular luggage shell, made of self-reinforced thermoplastic material and apparatus for making such a component
EP2647488A3 (en) * 2004-06-18 2016-01-20 Samsonite IP Holdings S.a.r.l Process for making a plastic component from self-reinforced thermo-plastic material and plastic component produced by this process
WO2005123369A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-29 Samsonite Corporation Process and apparatus for making a plastic component from self-reinforced thermo-plastic material and plastic component produced
US11363866B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2022-06-21 Samsonite Ip Holdings S.A R.L. Process for making a luggage shell from self-reinforced thermo-plastic material
FR2883795A1 (fr) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-06 Stephane Sorlin Perfectionnement aux presses de faconnage, en particulier presses de gaufrage permanent
US8215860B2 (en) 2005-10-12 2012-07-10 Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd. Cosmetic storage type applicator
EP2637849B1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2017-08-23 Airbus Operations GmbH Method for producing an aircraft structural component
EP3769950A1 (en) 2017-03-15 2021-01-27 Samsonite IP Holdings S.ÀR.L. A method of making a luggage article comprising laminating thermoplastic polymer laminate films
EP3842225A1 (en) 2017-03-15 2021-06-30 Samsonite IP Holdings S.ÀR.L. Biaxially oriented thermoplastic polymer laminate films for luggage articles and methods of making the same
WO2018167233A1 (en) 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Samsonite Ip Holdings S.Á R.L. Biaxially oriented thermoplastic polymer laminate films for luggage articles and methods of making the same
EP4230396A2 (en) 2017-03-15 2023-08-23 Samsonite IP Holdings S.à.r.l. Biaxially oriented thermoplastic polymer laminate films for luggage articles and methods of making the same
US20240336026A1 (en) * 2017-03-15 2024-10-10 Samsonite Ip Holdings S.A R.L. Biaxially oriented thermoplastic polymer laminate films for luggage articles and methods of making the same
US12246511B2 (en) * 2017-03-15 2025-03-11 Samsonite Ip Holdings S.A R.L. Biaxially oriented thermoplastic polymer laminate films for luggage articles and methods of making the same
CN110891785A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2020-03-17 英威达纺织(英国)有限公司 用于硬质表面的复合聚合物膜耐磨层
RU2702555C1 (ru) * 2018-06-04 2019-10-08 Тойота Дзидося Кабусики Кайся Устройство формования и способ производства формованного изделия
DE102020134704A1 (de) 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Spannrahmen zur abgedichteten Fixierung einer Folie an einem Produktionselement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT964849B (it) 1974-01-31
FR2148447A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-23
CA995432A (en) 1976-08-24
DE2238831A1 (de) 1973-02-22
BE787219A (fr) 1973-02-05
CH546634A (de) 1974-03-15
JPS4826863A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-09
NL7210871A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-02-13
FR2148447B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-13
SE385808B (sv) 1976-07-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
GB1386953A (en) Process for making moulded plastic articles
FR1454893A (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'objets moulés en téréphtalate de polyéthylène
GB1126034A (en) Process for the production of moulded bodies from plates or films of polyethylene terephthalate
SE7609660L (sv) Sett att framstella foremal av transparent plast
GB1169088A (en) Improvements in Container Forming
EP0149715A3 (en) Thermoforming methods and apparatus
ES8705291A1 (es) Procedimiento para la fabricacion de componentes de plastico conformados y dispositivo para su puesta en practica
JPS5729436A (en) Molding method of resin article with skin
GB1050358A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB1516194A (en) Contact lenses
JPS55124627A (en) Production of compound molded body
FR2196906B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB1395225A (en) Process for the production of a moulded foamed polystyrene article
US3082482A (en) Process for the manufacture of hollowware articles composed of thermoplastic material
FR2235781A1 (en) Vacuum forming optical quality sheet between rubber covers - to eliminate post polishing of mould marks or chill patterns
GB1509816A (en) Process and apparatus for thermoforming a hollow plastics article
GB1010976A (en) Forming shapes in woven fibrous cloth of thermoplastic material
ES473770A1 (es) Proceso de formacion de un articulo hueco por deformacion deuna plancha de material termoplastico
GB853194A (en) Process for the production of shaped parts of plasticized polyolefins
IE35407B1 (en) Improvements in and relating to the art of moulding
FR2118955A3 (en) Thermoplastic beaker - with thin neck and closure section formed from same sheet
FR2245460A1 (en) Mould for plastic articles formed from several modules - which are interchangeable to vary the shape of the article
CH553837A (fr) Procede de preparation d'un article en matiere plastique en forme de feuille.
FR2338781A1 (fr) Procede pour la fabrication d'objets concaves en matiere plastique, machine utilisee, et objets obtenus
GB1483220A (en) Process and apparatus for thermoforming an article from thermoplastic sheet material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee