GB1004246A - Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of steel - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of steelInfo
- Publication number
- GB1004246A GB1004246A GB7224/63A GB722463A GB1004246A GB 1004246 A GB1004246 A GB 1004246A GB 7224/63 A GB7224/63 A GB 7224/63A GB 722463 A GB722463 A GB 722463A GB 1004246 A GB1004246 A GB 1004246A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- austenite
- worked
- particles
- tundish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
- B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
- B05B7/066—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
- B05B7/067—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet the liquid outlet being annular
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Steel which has been heated to transform it to the austenitic condition, and which contains fine particles dispersed throughout the austenite to minimize the grain size of the latter, is quenched to a temperature between the Ac1 and Ms temperatures, is mechanically worked in that range for such a period that substantially no transformation occurs and is then quenched to form martensite. The latter may then be tempered, and the steel subsequently cold worked. The dispersed particles may be preformed, such as aluminium oxide, which may be added either by blowing into the metal stream of metal between tundish and mould as a suspension in inert gas, or in the case of finer particles, may be dropped through a silica tube into the centre of the stream leaving the tundish. A preferred embodiment is to form the particles directly in the steel by the inclusion of alloying elements capable of forming a stable nitride or carbide with the carbon or nitrogen present. Particularly suitable carbide formers are niobium, titanium and hafnium, but chromium, vanadium and molybdenum may also be used. For the formation of nitrides aluminium and titanium may be used. The process may be further improved by adding to the steel a small quantity of an element, e.g. up to 5% of uranium, which reduces the stacking fault energy of the metastable austenite. Where quenching to martensite would result in unacceptable distortion, the worked austenite may be isothermally transformed to a bainitic or pearlitic structure which may be subsequently cold worked.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7224/63A GB1004246A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of steel |
GB7244/63A GB1026413A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Improvements in electrostatic spraying apparatus |
DE1577919A DE1577919C3 (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1964-02-04 | Electrostatic paint spraying device with adjustable opening angle of the paint mist cone |
FR4649A FR1394834A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1964-02-14 | Electrostatic spray device |
US346662A US3317138A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1964-02-24 | Electrostatic spraying apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7224/63A GB1004246A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of steel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1004246A true GB1004246A (en) | 1965-09-15 |
Family
ID=9829015
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7224/63A Expired GB1004246A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Improvements in or relating to the heat treatment of steel |
GB7244/63A Expired GB1026413A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Improvements in electrostatic spraying apparatus |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7244/63A Expired GB1026413A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Improvements in electrostatic spraying apparatus |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3317138A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1577919C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1394834A (en) |
GB (2) | GB1004246A (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1143839A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | |||
US3700168A (en) * | 1966-04-28 | 1972-10-24 | Ransburg Electro Coating Corp | Spray coating apparatus |
US3448925A (en) * | 1966-10-21 | 1969-06-10 | Turco Mfg Co | Air spray gun for electrostatic coating systems |
US3641971A (en) * | 1967-09-01 | 1972-02-15 | Arvid C Walberg | Apparatus for preventing arcing in an electrostatic coating system |
US3471089A (en) * | 1968-01-10 | 1969-10-07 | Vilbiss Co The De | Electrostatic spray gun |
FR1595173A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1970-06-08 | ||
US3645447A (en) * | 1968-12-31 | 1972-02-29 | Electrogasdynamics | Electrostatic paint spray system |
US3545208A (en) * | 1969-01-15 | 1970-12-08 | Nasa | Annular slit colloid thrustor |
US3521815A (en) * | 1969-05-07 | 1970-07-28 | Imre Szasz | Guns for the electrostatic spray coating of objects with a powder |
US3591080A (en) * | 1969-09-15 | 1971-07-06 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Electrostatic spray gun |
US3653592A (en) * | 1970-05-07 | 1972-04-04 | Electrogasdynamics | Electrostatic spray gun construction |
SE392575B (en) * | 1973-10-04 | 1977-04-04 | Atlas Copco Ab | ELECTRIC STATUS SPRAYER |
SE386841B (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1976-08-23 | Atlas Copco Ab | ELECTRIC STATUS SPRAYER |
US4004733A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-01-25 | Research Corporation | Electrostatic spray nozzle system |
JPS5243846A (en) * | 1975-10-03 | 1977-04-06 | Senichi Masuda | Device for electrostatic powder coating |
US4079894A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1978-03-21 | Nordson Corporation | Electrostatic spray coating gun |
US4497447A (en) * | 1983-05-23 | 1985-02-05 | Graco, Inc. | Energy damping device for spray gun |
DD232595A3 (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1986-02-05 | Verkehrswesen Hochschule | DEVICE FOR ELECTROKINETIC CHARGING OF POWDER-FUSED SUBSTANCES |
US4630777A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1986-12-23 | Nordson Corporation | Powder spray gun |
DE3600920A1 (en) * | 1986-01-15 | 1987-07-16 | Mann Siegfried | Spray head |
US4784331A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-11-15 | Nordson Corporation | Electrostatic spray gun device and cable assembly |
DE3720200A1 (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1988-12-29 | Ransburg Gmbh | SPRAY COATING DEVICE WITH A ROTATIONAL SPRAY ORGAN |
US4811898A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-03-14 | Nordson Corporation | Electrostatic powder spray gun with adjustable deflector and electrostatic shield |
US5044558A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1991-09-03 | Halliburton Company | Burner nozzle with replaceable air jetting assembly |
US6460787B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2002-10-08 | Nordson Corporation | Modular fluid spray gun |
DE10217653A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-12-11 | Itw Gema Ag | spray coater |
WO2005018825A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-03 | Nordson Corporation | Wireless operator interface for material application system |
JP6112130B2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-04-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Electrostatic nozzle, discharge device, and method for manufacturing semiconductor module |
WO2019103973A1 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-31 | Kao Corporation | Electrospinning apparatus and system and method thereof |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1401880A (en) * | 1920-09-04 | 1921-12-27 | W L Fleisher & Co Inc | Nozzle |
US1531986A (en) * | 1924-04-02 | 1925-03-31 | Shelburne Augustine | Air-brush nozzle |
US1736768A (en) * | 1926-07-03 | 1929-11-26 | Carle D Boynton | Gun for blowing asphalt and the like |
US2530206A (en) * | 1942-10-31 | 1950-11-14 | Colorator Ab | Spray gun |
US2373595A (en) * | 1943-03-15 | 1945-04-10 | Devilbiss Co | Spray nozzle |
US2574879A (en) * | 1949-02-01 | 1951-11-13 | Lundberg Kurt Hugo Folke | Burner for liquid and gaseous fuels |
US2643916A (en) * | 1949-04-25 | 1953-06-30 | Braun & Co C F | Fuel burner |
US2754225A (en) * | 1951-11-22 | 1956-07-10 | Martin Von Schulthess | Method of spray-coating with metals |
US2904262A (en) * | 1954-11-04 | 1959-09-15 | Vilbiss Co | Spray gun |
US2894691A (en) * | 1955-01-11 | 1959-07-14 | Sedlacsik John | Electrostatic deposition |
US3059613A (en) * | 1958-08-25 | 1962-10-23 | Nakaya Eizo | Electrostatic coating device |
US3056557A (en) * | 1959-07-16 | 1962-10-02 | Arvid C Walberg | Spray gun for electrostatic coating |
NL269353A (en) * | 1959-12-08 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US3219276A (en) * | 1962-10-16 | 1965-11-23 | Edward O Norris | Plural nozzles having intersecting spray and control therefor |
-
1963
- 1963-02-22 GB GB7224/63A patent/GB1004246A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-02-22 GB GB7244/63A patent/GB1026413A/en not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-02-04 DE DE1577919A patent/DE1577919C3/en not_active Expired
- 1964-02-14 FR FR4649A patent/FR1394834A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-02-24 US US346662A patent/US3317138A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1577919C3 (en) | 1981-10-29 |
DE1577919A1 (en) | 1971-12-16 |
FR1394834A (en) | 1965-04-09 |
US3317138A (en) | 1967-05-02 |
GB1026413A (en) | 1966-04-20 |
DE1577919B2 (en) | 1976-02-26 |
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