FR3132113A1 - FLOOR FOR HOUSING MODULE - Google Patents

Abstract

Floor for a housing module comprising a frame and joists, the frame comprising two first U-section metal beams (8) oriented parallel so that the U's face each other, two parallel U-section second metal beams (12) connecting the two first beams and oriented so that the U is open upwards, in which each second metal beam (10) accommodates a wooden beam (12), in which the joists each comprise a second metal beam (10) at U-section oriented so that the U is open upwards and a wooden beam (12) housed in the second metal beam (10), at least a first plate (14) resting on the wooden beams (12) and on the first beams (8), and wherein the longitudinal ends of the second metal beams (10) are received in the first metal beams (8). Figure 1

Description

FLOOR FOR HOUSING MODULE TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

The present invention relates to a floor for a housing module and to a module comprising such a floor.

We are seeking, in particular to enable faster construction of homes, to create modules to be juxtaposed or superimposed. The use of wood is particularly suited to the creation of such modules.

The modules generally have a rectangular parallelogram shape. Each module has a floor, side walls and a ceiling. When two modules are stacked, the floor of the upper module rests on the ceiling of the lower module. The total height of the stack is then equal to the sum of the module heights.

However, for certain reasons, notably housing standards, it may be desirable to reduce the height of each module to allow a certain number of levels to be created while remaining below a maximum height. For example, for second family constructions, the maximum height for the last floor must be 8 meters. However, the existing modules do not make it possible to create a home with a ground floor plus three levels respecting this obligation.

Reducing the height of a module poses a certain number of constraints, in particular it is not possible to reduce the height of the habitable part. Consequently, reducing the height of the module requires a reduction in the parts outside the habitable zone. Reducing the height of a module is therefore relatively complex.

Reducing the overall height of a module also makes it possible to reduce the quantity of material required for its construction, which is favorable in terms of reducing cost prices and ecological footprint.

It is therefore an aim of this application to offer a solution allowing the production of construction modules having a reduced overall height while offering an acceptable habitable height.

The goal stated above is achieved by a floor for a construction module having a reduced thickness, which then makes it possible to reduce the overall thickness of the module while maintaining an acceptable, or even unchanged, habitable height.

The floor has a particular structure which allows its thickness to be significantly reduced, by integrating thermal insulation and possibly one or more technical sheaths.

The structure of the floor includes wooden elements and metal elements, which allows the mechanical properties of the two materials to be combined. In addition, the metal elements have a low thickness while offering very good mechanical strength in long-span constructions with significant structural stress.

The structure is rectangular in shape and comprises a frame made of metal beams and joists comprising metal beams with a U-shaped section arranged so that the U is oriented upwards and each housing a wooden beam. One or more wooden plates cover the upper surface of the frame and joists. Thermal insulation can be placed between the joists.

Preferably, the wooden beams are made of a composite material comprising layers of wood veneer laminated with an adhesive, the wood veneer being for example beech or spruce.

Advantageously, the floor comprises a thermal insulating material placed between the joists, for example it is rock wool.

A housing module comprises a floor according to the invention, walls and a ceiling.

The present application then relates to a floor for a home comprising a frame and joists, the frame comprising two first metal beams with a U-shaped cross section oriented parallel so that the U's face each other, two second metal beams with a U-shaped cross section parallel connecting the first two beams and oriented so that the U is open upwards. Each second metal beam houses a wooden beam. The floor comprising joists each comprising a second metal beam with a U-shaped section oriented so that the U is open upwards and a wooden beam housed in the second metal beam, at least a first plate resting on the wooden beams and on the first beams. The longitudinal ends of the second metal beams are received in the first metal beams.

Preferably, the wooden beams comprise a stack of wood veneer and adhesive, the wood veneer advantageously being beech or spruce.

The floor may include a soffit and thermal insulation elements placed between the joists and between the soffit and the top. The soffit may include soffit panels arranged between the joists and the second metal beams include at least one laterally projecting heel forming a support for the soffit panels.

The floor advantageously comprises at least one technical sheath formed by a tubular structure with a polygonal section, the upper face of which opens into the surface of the first plate of the floor, and at least the wooden beams and the first panel have a cutout to accommodate the sheath technical.

The technical sheath is for example a heating sheath, the upper surface comprising a grid.

Advantageously, each wooden beam is fixed in its second associated metal beam.

Another subject of the present application is a housing module comprising a floor according to the invention, walls bordering the outer edges of the floor and a ceiling.

Each wall may comprise on the interior side of the module, a second panel, an edge beam in its upper part resting on a rebate of the second panel and fixed to it, and a thermal insulating element on the face of the second panel located outside the module.

At least one of the walls preferably comprises vertical I-beams to which the second panel is fixed and on which the edge beam rests. Advantageously, said wall is intended to form an exterior wall and comprising an exterior facing.

Preferably, the edge beams include a stack of wood veneer and adhesive, the wood veneer advantageously being beech or spruce.

In an exemplary embodiment, the ceiling comprises a third plate and metal stiffeners inserted in grooves made in one face of said third plate not visible from inside the module.

Another subject of the present application is a home comprising at least two housing modules according to the invention, said modules being superimposed or juxtaposed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The description which follows will be better understood with the help of the appended drawings in which:
is seen in perspective and in section of an example of floor according to the invention,
is an exploded view of the floor of the ,
is a schematic representation of a housing module,
is a perspective and sectional view of an example of assembly of two superimposed housing modules according to an exemplary embodiment showing the floor of the upper module, the ceiling of the lower module and the exterior walls of two modules,
is an exploded view of an example of an exterior wall,
is a perspective and sectional view of an example of assembly of two superimposed housing modules according to an exemplary embodiment showing the floor of the upper module, the ceiling of the lower module and the exterior walls of two modules,
is a partial perspective view showing two modules superimposed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In the present application, the term “floor plane” means the average plane of the floor which is intended to be oriented horizontally, and to which the upper face of the floor on which the occupants walk is parallel.

In Figures 1 and 2, we can see an example of production of a floor P according to the invention. In Figures 4 and 6, we can see a partial sectional view of the floor.

The floor generally has a rectangular shape. A square-shaped floor does not go beyond the scope of the present invention.

The floor has two sides 2 extending along the length and two sides 4 extending along the width.

The floor has a frame defining the outer edges of the floor. The frame comprises two first metal beams 8 (only one is shown) each extending along the sides 2, and two second metal beams 10 (only one is shown) extending along the sides 4. These beams form beams shore. In addition, the floor comprises second beams 10 extending perpendicular to the first beams 8 and distributed regularly along the length of the floor.

The first beams 8 have a U-shaped cross section, commonly referred to as UPN. The first beams are parallel to each other and are oriented so that the U's face each other, i.e. the wings of the U are horizontal, the web is vertical and delimits the outer edge of the sides 2.

The second beams 10 also have a U-shaped cross section, but the core has a width greater than the distance between the wings so that the beam has two heels 11 extending laterally projecting outside the space defined between the two wings.

The floor also comprises wooden beams 12 extending in the direction of the width of the floor and each wooden beam 12 is received between the two wings of a second metal beam 10. Thus the floor comprises as many wooden beams 12 as second metal beams 10. The second metal beam 10 and wooden beam 12 assemblies form joists.

In the present application, the term “wooden beam” means a beam comprising wood. It can be an entirely wooden beam or a composite beam comprising wood and at least one other material. The material can be a spruce glued laminate having for example a bending resistance between GL24 and GL32.

Very advantageously, the beam is a composite comprising layers of wood veneer held together by an adhesive. This material is called “lamibois” or LVL (“Laminated Veneer Lumber” in Anglo-Saxon terminology). The wood is preferably beech, LVL is marketed under the name BauBuche® by the company Pollmeier and has a bending strength GL70. Alternatively, the veneer is pine or spruce and has a GL50.

Preferably, each wooden beam 12 is held in a second beam 10 by means of screws 13 passing through the wings of the U and screwed into the beam 12 ( ).

As can be seen on the and advantageously, each second metal beam 10 has longitudinal ends 10.1, configured to be housed, one in one of the first metal beams 8 and the other in the other of the first metal beams. For this, the core of each second beam 10 is shorter at the ends and does not have lateral heels. Thus the longitudinal ends 10.1 fit into the first beams 8. This configuration makes it possible to reduce the stacked thicknesses and therefore contribute to reducing the height of the floor. Alternatively, the second beams 10 have transverse edges extending over the entire length of the beams.

Preferably, the metal beams 8 and 10 are joined together by bolting. Alternatively, they are joined by welding.

The thickness of the wooden beams is such that their upper face is in the same plane as the upper surface of the upper wings of the first beams, so as to define a plane to support the use part of the floor, on which the occupants walk .

In this example, the use part comprises one or more trays 14 of wooden plywood resting on the wooden beams set on the first beams 8. The tray(s) 14 have a sufficient thickness to support mechanical strength of the floor under load . The thickness of the plate(s) is for example between 20 mm and 40 mm. Preferably, the plates 14 are glued to the wooden beams 12 and are screwed on their outer edge to the wooden beams 12 and to the first metal beams 8. As we will see later, the screws are advantageously hidden by the walls. The plate 14 can directly form the surface on which users walk or a subfloor, on which a covering is laid, for example parquet or carpet.

The spacing between the joists and the thickness of the wooden beams in particular depend on the operating load of the module.

A thermal insulator, for example in the form of rock wool or glass wool plates 18, is interposed between the joists.

In this example, the lower bottom of the floor has an underside comprising plates 16 arranged between two second beams and resting on the transverse heels 11. These plates 16 have the sole function of supporting the thermal insulation and protecting it. The rock wool or glass wool 18 sheets have a thickness equal to, or even slightly greater than, the thickness of the joists so as to be slightly compressed.

Alternatively, the thermal insulation is sufficiently rigid not to require plates 16.

The plates 16 are for example fixed to the heels 11 by bolts.

It should be noted that the second metal beams 10 forming the floor frame do not have a lateral heel outside the frame.

In the example shown and advantageously, the floor comprises a conduit or technical sheath 20 allowing for example electrical cables, network cables or heating and/or air conditioning means to pass through. In this example, the conduit is formed by a rectangular section tube 20 which is housed in the floor and whose upper face 20.1 is flush with the upper face of the plate 14. In order to accommodate the technical sheath 20, the wooden beams 12 comprise a cutout 22 so that they have a reduced thickness. The plate 14 comprises, for its part, a part forming the central part of the floor and a part forming the contour of the floor. Alternatively, the upper face 20.1 of the sheath 20 projects relative to the upper face of the plate 14. The thermal insulator is configured to accommodate the sheath and maintains a thickness of insulation under the sheath.

In this example, the wooden beams have a longitudinal end of reduced thickness to accommodate the sheath and the part not occupied by the sheath is advantageously filled with thermal insulating material.

In the example shown and preferably, the cutout 22 has a flat bottom 22.1 parallel to the plane of the floor and an inclined face 22.2, this inclined face reduces the effect of the cutout on the mechanical properties of the joist. However, depending on the requests, a cutout whose edge 22.2 would be perpendicular to the plane of the floor does not go beyond the scope of this application.

Alternatively, the technical sheath has an inclined side edge which rests on the inclined face 22.2 of the cutout 22.

In this example, the technical sheath 20 is placed on one edge of the floor. Alternatively, it could be located in a more central part of it, in this case the cutout forms a cradle comprising a bottom and two side faces. In addition, the sheath can extend over all or part of the length of the floor.

Alternatively, the sheath is hidden under the plate and is not visible from inside the module. Optionally a hatch is provided to access the sheath.

In this example, the technical sheath 20 has a perforated upper face, for example formed by a grid making it possible to bring hot air or cold air into the module.

It will be understood that the floor can integrate several ducts, one hidden under the plate 14 for the electrical and/or telecommunications network and a duct opening into the upper face of the floor and ensuring the arrival of air.

By producing composite joists comprising a metal part and a wooden part, advantageously in LVL, the joists have sufficient mechanical resistance to bending to make floors. The thermal insulation can be integrated between the joists and any technical sheath(s) can be integrated into the thickness of the joists, while maintaining a floor of reduced thickness offering sufficient mechanical resistance.

For example, the floor measures 147 mm thick, while a classic floor of a construction module integrating the insulation and the technical sheath has a thickness of around 500 mm.

On the , we can see schematically represented an example of a housing module implementing the floor according to the invention. On the , we can see a partial perspective view of two superimposed modules.

The module has a floor P, side walls M and a ceiling PA.

The structure of the walls or walls is not restrictive and it may be identical or similar to the walls of the modules of the state of the art.

The PA ceiling has no function in the mechanical strength of the module, but only a facing function. In the example shown on the , it comprises a panel of wooden plywood 24, for example birch, having a thickness for example between 20 mm and 40 mm, and metal profiles 26 inserted in grooves made in its face not visible from the inside of the passenger compartment.

We will now describe examples of exterior and interior walls particularly suited to the production of a housing module comprising a floor according to the invention, but these walls could be used with any other type of floor, for example with a concrete slab.

In a very advantageous way, as can be seen in the , the upper face of a module and the lower face of a module are configured to fit together when they are superimposed. In this example, the exterior walls comprise at the head of the wall and at the foot of the wall horizontal beams 28, 30 respectively offset relative to each other, so that, at the head of the wall, a housing is provided to receive the beam at the base of the wall and vice versa. Screw-type fixing means secure the beams.

Preferably, the walls intended to form the exterior walls of the home and the walls intended to form the exterior of the home have different structures.

On the , we can see an example of walls intended to form the exterior walls ME. On the , we can see a section at floor level showing the foot of an exterior wall and the nose of an interior wall. INT designates the interior of the home and EXT the exterior of the home. On the , we can see an exploded view of the ME exterior wall of the . The ME wall has wooden beams 32 arranged vertically. The beams 32 advantageously have an I-shaped cross section, ie they comprise a central core 32.1 oriented perpendicular to the plane of the wall, and two members 32.2, 32.3 which form the ends of the I. I-beams are commonly used in construction. They can be entirely made of solid wood or have a particle board core and solid wood frames.

The ME wall also includes thermal insulation panels 34 between the beams 32 and housed between the frames 32.2, an edge beam 34 arranged at the head of the wall and resting on the upper end 36 of the interior frame 32.3 of each beam 32 which is shorter than the outer frame 32.3. The edge beam 34 extends over the entire length of the wall.

The ME wall also has one or more facing plates 38 on its exterior face and one or more thick wooden plywood panels 48 on its interior face.

The plywood panel 48 and the edge beam 34 are secured for example by bolts 40. In the example shown and preferably, the plywood panel 48 includes a rebate 50 also forming a horizontal support for the edge beam. Preferably, the plywood panel 48 at its lower end also includes a rebate 52 to bear against the lateral outer edge of the floor and to bear on the contour of the upper face of the floor. As explained above, the fixing screws of panel 14 are then hidden by the wall.

An example of exterior wall assembly will now be described.

The I-beams 32, the plywood panel 48 and the edge beam 36 are assembled horizontally. This assembly is raised and brought closer to a side edge of the floor. On the , the assembly is arranged along a joist. This assembly is fixed to the joist by screws through the plywood panel 48. Then, the thermal insulation panels are placed between the I-beams then the exterior facing panel is fixed to the exterior chord of the I-beams.

Preferably, the assembly of the different structural parts of the wall is carried out by gluing and screwing or gluing and bolting to ensure a high level of airtightness.

On the , we can see a sectional view of a floor, the nose of an interior MI wall or partition wall and the foot of the partition wall of a lower floor. The MI wall comprises two wooden plywood panels 54, separated by thermal insulation panels 57, and two edge beams 56 at the nose of the wall supported by rebates 58 made in the panels 54. The whole is secured by bolts 59. The edge beams extend the entire length of the wall.

The thermal insulation panels are preferably attached to the exterior face of the plywood panels. When two modules are juxtaposed, the two insulating panels come into contact with each other and have the required thickness.

Very advantageously, a space between the two interior walls is provided for the passage of wired networks, such as the electrical network and the telecommunications network. Preferably, this space is located between the feet of the MI walls.

Preferably the plywood panels 48, 54 are thick, for example of the order of 50 mm. As with the exterior walls, the plywood panels have at their lower end a rebate that rests against the exterior side edge of the floor.

The separation walls within the same dwelling and between two dwellings preferably have the same structure, they differ by the thickness of the insulating panels and/or their composition, the dividing walls between two dwellings having more insulating panels thick.

In the case of the superposition of two modules, the load absorption of the upper module by the lower module is mainly done by the edge beams 34 and 56 resting on the interior chord 22.3 of the I-beams 32 and the rebates in the trays in plywood 48, 54.

The PA ceiling also has a rebate 58 on its entire outer edge to receive the upper end of the edge beams 36, 56 which border the interior face of the walls.

The edge beams 36 and 56 are preferably of structure close to the floor beams, for example in LVL with beech or spruce veneer.

At the corners of a module, the walls connect for example in the following way, the plywood panels are fixed to each other. The edge beams are notched so as to fit into each other. Preferably, the longest edge beams are notched to provide support, so when the module is moved by a crane, since the cables are generally fixed on the longest edge beams, they will support the beams of the shortest banks during the ascent of the module. Then the facings are also assembled together.

It will be understood that the wall structure particularly suited to making an exterior wall can be used to make an interior wall.

Alternatively, the structure using I-beams could be replaced by a structure comprising conventional beams. However, the implementation of conventional beams creates greater thermal bridges than the implementation of I-beams.

The plywood panels can be replaced by LVL panels such as beams 12 or by cross-laminated timber panels or CLT (Cross Laminated Timber in Anglo-Saxon terminology).

An example of a module manufacturing process will now be described.

The floor is manufactured. The second beams 10 are arranged parallel to each other. The wooden beams 12 are housed in the second beams 10 and are fixed therein and form the joists. The two first beams 8 are arranged perpendicular to the second beams 10 so that the longitudinal ends of the joists are received in the first beams 8.

The soffit plates are placed between the joists resting on the side heels 11 and are fixed to them.

Thermal insulation panels are placed between the joists. In the case of the example in Figures 1 and 2, the technical sheath is put in place. The plywood panel(s) 14 is or are then fixed to the joists and to the first beams 8 by gluing and screwing respectively.

Exterior ME and/or interior MI walls are manufactured separately as described above. Any other wall with a structure suitable for the production of prefabricated housing modules, particularly in terms of mass and resistance during transport, may be suitable. The ME and/or MI walls are then fixed to the floor. Preferably, interior walls are mounted with a layer of thermal insulation already attached to the plywood panel.

The joining of the walls to each other is obtained by the joining of the edge beams 34 and 56.

The ceiling is produced separately, for example by inserting metal stiffening elements into grooves made in a plywood panel, then placed on the walls, the ceiling rebate receiving the interior edges of the edge beams 34 and 56. The ceiling is fixed to the walls, for example by screwing.

The housing module is completed and can be assembled with other modules. It can be superimposed on another module or juxtaposed with another module. During juxtaposition, the thermal insulation panels of the interior walls are in contact and the edge beams 56 are secured by bolts.

In the case of module stacking, the immobilization of the modules between them is obtained mainly by the loading of the upper module on the lower module.

Openings, such as windows and doors, can be made during the fabrication of the walls or afterwards. Communication between floors is achieved by making an opening in the floor between the joists. It may be considered to vary the spacing of the joists to provide a sufficient opening.

The floor and walls may include, in addition to thermal insulation, sound insulation and any other element that can improve the comfort of residents.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to produce floors of reduced thickness, which can integrate thermal insulation and possibly one or more technical sheaths, while offering mechanical strength, particularly suitable for the production of prefabricated housing modules. and assembled, in particular stackable. The modules have a reduced overall height while maintaining the same habitable height. The height of the stacked modules is therefore also reduced.

Claims (13)

Floor for a dwelling comprising a frame and joists, the frame comprising two first metal beams (8) with a U-shaped cross section oriented parallel so that the U's face each other, two second metal beams (12) with a parallel U-shaped cross section connecting the first two beams and oriented so that the U is open upwards, in which each second metal beam (10) houses a wooden beam (12), in which the joists each comprise a second metal beam (10) with cross section U-shaped oriented so that the U is open upwards and a wooden beam (12) housed in the second metal beam (10), at least a first plate (14) resting on the wooden beams (12) and on the first beams (8), and in which the longitudinal ends of the second metal beams (10) are received in the first metal beams (8). Floor according to claim 1, in which the wooden beams (12) comprise a stack of wood veneer and adhesive, the wood veneer advantageously being beech or spruce. Floor according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a soffit and thermal insulation elements arranged between the joists and between the soffit and the plate (14). Floor according to claim 3, in which the underside comprises underside panels arranged between the joists and in which the second metal beams (10) comprise at least one heel (11) projecting laterally forming a support for the panels underside. Floor according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one technical sheath (20) formed by a tubular structure with a polygonal section, and in which at least the wooden beams (12) have a cutout to accommodate the technical sheath ( 20). Floor according to claim 5, in which the technical sheath (20) is a heating sheath, the upper surface opening into the first plate (14) and comprising a grid. Floor according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which each wooden beam (12) is fixed in its second associated metal beam (10). Housing module comprising a floor according to one of claims 1 to 7, walls bordering the outer edges of the floor and a ceiling (PA). Housing module according to claim 8, in which each wall comprises on the interior side of the module, a second panel (48, 54), an edge beam (36, 56) in its upper part resting on a rebate (50) of the second panel (48, 54) and fixed thereto, and a thermal insulating element on the face of the second panel (48, 54) located outside the module. Housing module according to claim 9, in which at least one of the walls comprises vertical I-beams (32) on which the second panel (48) is fixed and on which the edge beam (36) rests, advantageously said wall being intended to form an exterior wall and comprising an exterior facing. Housing module according to one of claims 9 or 10, in which the edge beams (36, 56) comprise a stack of wood veneer and adhesive, the wood veneer advantageously being beech or spruce. Housing module according to one of claims 8 to 11, in which the ceiling (PA) comprises a third plate and metal stiffeners inserted in grooves made in one face of said third plate not visible from inside the module. Housing comprising at least two housing modules according to one of claims 8 to 12, said modules being superimposed or juxtaposed.