FR3048072A1 - DOMESTIC HEATING APPARATUS - Google Patents

Abstract

Domestic heating apparatus, comprising, formed in a box (2): a main chamber (3) having a front opening (10) of external air inlet and located above a grid (4), this chamber main being connected to an upper conduit (13) for evacuation of gases; a lower chamber (15) located below the grid (4), the main chamber (3) and the lower chamber (15) being separated by the grid (4); at least one auxiliary channel (24), a lower part of which communicates with a lower part of the main chamber (3) by a lower passage (26) and an upper part of which communicates with an upper part of the main chamber (3) by an overpass (27); and at least one secondary channel (18, 19), a lower part of which communicates with said lower chamber (15) and an upper part of which is connected to said upper discharge duct (13).

Description

Domestic heater

The present invention relates to the field of domestic heating appliances. Generally, domestic heating appliances comprise a wood combustion chamber connected to a discharge pipe and possibly including baffles and include air circulation channels to be heated placed in the environment of the combustion chamber.

The object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus with increased efficiency.

According to one embodiment, there is provided a heater which comprises, formed in a box a main chamber having a front opening of external air inlet and located above a grid, this main chamber being connected to an upper conduit for evacuation of gases; a lower chamber located below the grid, the main chamber and the lower chamber being separated by the grid; at least one auxiliary channel, a lower part of which communicates with a lower part of the main chamber by a lower passage and whose upper part communicates with an upper part of the main chamber by an upper passage; and at least one secondary channel, a lower part of which communicates with said lower chamber and an upper part of which is connected to said upper gas discharge duct.

The main chamber can be located below a top plate. The heating apparatus may comprise an upper chamber located above said upper plate and connected to said upper gas evacuation pipe, the main chamber and the upper chamber being separated by said upper plate, said upper plate being provided with at least one communication passage between the main chamber and the upper chamber.

Said upper portion of said secondary duct may be connected to said upper chamber.

The main chamber and the secondary channel can be separated by a separation side wall. The heater may include at least one external air supply duct in said auxiliary duct.

The auxiliary channel can be located at the back of the main bedroom.

The main chamber and the auxiliary channel can be separated by a partition wall.

The partition wall between the main chamber and the auxiliary channel may be provided with perforations.

The grid may be at least partially inclined downward from the back to the front. The heater may comprise a casing surrounding said casing and leaving a space between the casing and the casing, this casing having at least one lower outside air inlet opening in said space and at least one upper casing opening. air outlet.

A heater and its operation will now be described by way of non-limiting exemplary embodiments, illustrated by the accompanying drawing in which: - Figure 1 shows a front view of a heater; FIG. 2 represents a median vertical section from the front to the rear of the heating apparatus, along II-II of FIG. 1; - Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through the furnace of the heater, according to III-III of Figure 2; and FIG. 4 shows an upper horizontal section of the heating apparatus according to IV-IV in FIG. 2. The furnace 1 shown with an open fire is in the form of a box arranged 2 and comprises a main chamber 3 which is located above a grid 4 and below a substantially horizontal upper separation plate 5 and which is delimited peripherally by a front wall 6, a rear wall 7 and side walls 8 and 9. These walls 6, 7, 8 and 9 converge upwards. The side walls 8 and 9 converge towards the rear.

The front wall 6 has a front access opening 10 for loading the main chamber 3 into combustible products, such as wood, above the grid 4.

The separating plate 5 has a central passage 11 for the flow of gases. The heating apparatus 1 comprises an upper chamber 12 situated above the upper separation plate 5 and connected to a vertical upper conduit 13 for evacuating gases towards the lower end of a chimney 14, so that the main chamber 3 and the upper chamber 12 are separated by this partition plate 5 and communicate through the central passage 11. In the exhaust duct 13 is provided a flow control flap 13a operable from the outside. The heating apparatus 1 comprises a lower chamber 15 located below the grid 4, the main chamber 3 and the lower chamber 15 being separated by the grid 4.

The grid 4 is inclined from the back to the front and downwards and has lateral zones 4a and 4b inclined towards an inclined median zone 4c and towards substantially horizontal front zones 4d and 4e. Thus, the grid faces the front opening 10.

The lower chamber 15 is defined by a lower wall 16 facing the grid 4. This lower wall 16 is inclined from the rear towards the front and comprises a front portion 16a up to the front wall 6, below the front access opening 10, and in the form of a receptacle for a removable ashtray 17 which extends below the front areas 4d and 4e of the grid 4. The heating apparatus 1 comprises secondary channels 18 and 19, in the form of chambers, which are located laterally on either side of the main chamber 3 and separated from the latter by the side walls 8 and 9. These channels secondary 18 and 19 are delimited by side walls 20 and 21 which join the front wall 6 and the rear wall 7.

The side walls 8 and 9 which separate the main chamber 3 and the secondary channels 18 and 19 are at least partly formed by walls 8a and 9a of a refractory material capable of storing heat.

The lower portions of the secondary channels 18 and 19 communicate with the lower chamber 15, laterally on either side of the latter, by lateral passages located below the side walls 8 and 9.

The upper portions of the secondary channels 18 and 19 communicate with the upper chamber 12 through local rear vertical passages 22 and 23 adjacent to the rear corners of the partition plate 5. The heater 1 comprises an auxiliary channel 24 arranged at the rear of the main chamber 3 adjacent to the rear wall 7.

The auxiliary channel 24 is delimited by a transverse partition wall 25, substantially vertical, located opposite the rear wall 7 and extending transversely between the side walls 8 and 9 of the main chamber 3. This transverse partition separation plate 25 is offset rearwardly with respect to the central passage 11 and is provided with perforations 25a.

The lower part of the auxiliary channel 24 communicates with the lower part of the main chamber 3 by a lower passage 26 extending between the lower edge of the transverse partition 25 and the high part of the grid 4.

The upper part of the auxiliary channel 24 communicates with the upper part of the main chamber 3 by an upper passage 27 extending between the upper edge of the transverse partition 25 and the separating plate 5. The heating apparatus 1 comprises ducts 28 These ducts 28, substantially vertical, pass through the grid 4, the lower chamber 15 and the plate 16 and open upwards substantially at half the height of the auxiliary channel 24. and downwards in an auxiliary lower chamber 29 located below the lower chamber 15. This auxiliary lower chamber 29 is connected to the outside by a rear passage 30 in which there is provided a flow control flap 30a operable from the 'outside.

For example, three conduits 28 distributed transversely may be provided.

In the upper chamber 12 are provided horizontal deflectors 31 and 32 for slowing flow, providing baffles between the central passage 11 of the separating plate 5 and the lower inlet of the upper discharge duct 13.

We will now describe how can operate the heater 1 which has just been described.

Logs of wood are placed on the grid 4 in the main chamber 3 and are ignited.

Outside air enters the main chamber 3 through the front opening 10.

Gases rise in the main chamber 3 towards the central passage 11.

Gases enter the auxiliary channel 24 through the lower passage 26 and rise in this auxiliary channel 24 towards the upper passage 27 and then move towards the central passage 11. This introduction of the gases in the auxiliary channel 24 is facilitated by the the inclined grid 4 forms a deflection ramp towards the rear and upwards in the direction of the passage 26, under the effect of the air entering through the front opening 10.

Outside air is introduced into the auxiliary channel 24 via the supply ducts 28 via the passage 30 and the auxiliary lower chamber 29.

Gas exchanges between the main chamber 3 and the auxiliary channel 24 occur through the perforations 25a of the partition 25, in one direction and / or in the other.

There is thus a combustion in the main chamber 3 and in the auxiliary channel 24.

At the same time, a combustion takes place below this inclined grid 4, in the lower chamber 15, thanks to the air passing through the inclined grid 4, under the effect of the air entering through the front opening 10 The resulting gases are directed to the lower portions of the secondary channels 18 and 19 and rise in these secondary channels to the local passages 22 and 23.

The gases that pass through the central passage 11 and the passages 18 and 19 penetrate into the upper chamber 12, rise in this upper chamber 12 to the upper conduit 13, bypassing the deflectors 31 and 32, from bottom to top this upper conduit 13 and are evacuated by the chimney 14.

Of course, the dimensioning of the elements constituting the box 2 is adapted so that the effects described above occur.

The general flow can be adjusted through the upper flap 13a. The flow in the feed ducts 28 can be adjusted by means of the lower flap 30a. The heater 1 has the following advantages.

There is a double combustion, above and below the inclined grid 4.

Above the inclined grid 4, gases follow a double path towards the central passage 11, via the main chamber 3 and via the auxiliary channel 24. Below the inclined grid 4, from the lower chamber 15 and towards the upper chamber 12, gases follow the path of the secondary canals 18 and 19.

There is a double introduction of outside air, in the main chamber 3 through the front opening 10 and in the auxiliary channel 24 through the auxiliary ducts 28.

This results in optimum combustion of wood and gases and heat production with high efficiency inside the heater 1.

Moreover, the walls 8a and 9a of the side walls 8 and 9 contribute to the heating device 1 having a thermal inertia. The heating apparatus 1 further comprises an outer casing 33 which remotely surrounds the casing 2 leaving a space 34 between the casing 2 and the casing 33. This casing 33 has a front opening 34 corresponding to the front opening 10 of the casing 2. The casing 33 has at least one lower opening of outside air inlet in the space 34 and an upper air outlet opening, so that the air circulated in the space 34 is warmed up.

Claims (10)

1. Domestic heating apparatus, comprising, formed in a box (2): a main chamber (3) having a front opening (10) of external air inlet and located above a grid (4), this main chamber being connected to an upper conduit (13) for discharging gases; a lower chamber (15) located below the grid (4), the main chamber (3) and the lower chamber (15) being separated by the grid (4); at least one auxiliary channel (24), a lower part of which communicates with a lower part of the main chamber (3) by a lower passage (26) and an upper part of which communicates with an upper part of the main chamber (3) by an overpass (27); and at least one secondary channel (18, 19), a lower part of which communicates with said lower chamber (15) and an upper part of which is connected to said upper discharge duct (13). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main chamber (3) is located below an upper plate (5) and comprising an upper chamber (12) located above this upper plate and connected to said upper conduit (13), the main chamber (3) and the upper chamber (12) being separated by said upper plate (5), said upper plate (5) being provided with at least one passage (11) of communication between the main chamber (3) and the upper chamber (12). An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said upper portion of said secondary conduit (18, 19) is connected to said upper chamber (12). Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main chamber (3) and the secondary channel (18, 19) are separated by a partitioning side wall (8, 9). 5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one duct (28) for supplying outside air into said auxiliary duct (24). 6. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the auxiliary channel (24) is arranged at the rear of the main chamber (3). Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main chamber (3) and the auxiliary channel (24) are separated by a partition wall (25). Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the partition wall (25) is provided with perforations (25a). Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grid (4) is at least partially inclined downward from the rear to the front. 10. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a casing (33) surrounding said casing and leaving a space between the casing and the casing, this casing having at least one lower opening of outside air inlet in said space and at least one upper air outlet opening.