FR3011262A1 - SCAFFOLD COMPRISING SAFELY ASSEMBLED AND FAUX BARREL GUARDS - Google Patents

Abstract

Scaffolding (1) comprising: - a first ladder (2) and a second ladder (3) each having two uprights (4) connected by bars (5); - a pair of railings (11) each provided with a frame (12) and a pole (18) hingedly mounted on the frame (12) and adapted to pick a bar (5) of the second ladder ( 3); - a support member (29) provided with a false bar (30), adapted to be mounted between the poles (18) being removably attached thereto, - a floor (10) comprising, at a first end, hooks (39) adapted to pick a bar (5) of the first scale (2), and at a second end of the riders (41) adapted to fit on the false bar (30) when the hooks (39) of the floor (10) are fitted on a bar (5) of the first ladder (2).

Description

The invention relates to the field of scaffolding, and more specifically to the field of scaffolding equipped with guardrails securely mounted, that is to say designed for can be mounted from a lower floor (or from the ground) to equip an upper floor. Scaffolding conventionally comprises at least one pair of ladders, each provided with a pair of posts and bars that connects the posts, at least one floor and a pair of guardrails provided to be mounted above the floor to prevent the falls of the operator traveling on the floor. To mount a conventional scaffold, the operator first climbs the floor between the ladders to the desired height, then, having climbed onto the floor, then raises the railings from the floor. This assembly is not safe because the operator responsible for mounting the railings is momentarily exposed to the risk of falling. It has therefore been proposed various solutions for mounting the 20 guardrails before the floor. A first solution, disclosed in French Patent FR 2 922 929 (DUARIB), consists in using a removable pole to set up, between the ladders, a railing rail. A second solution, disclosed in French patents 25 FR 2 946 375 and FR 2 947 850 (DUARIB), consists in using a removable pole to set up, between the scales, a monobloc railing. These solutions are satisfactory and guarantee the safety of the operator as long as he respects the assembly order. However, these solutions are not designed to constrain the operator to respect the assembly order. In fact, it happens that the operator first climbs the floor and then, from it, the guardrails, knowingly (or unconsciously) ignores both the specific design of railings and assembly instructions. . French patent FR 2 908 804 (COMABI) proposes a monobloc guardrail on which is mounted articulated, permanently, a mounting pole. Although this solution may encourage the operator to use the boom (and therefore to mount the railing first), it nevertheless has the major disadvantage of obliging the operator, once mounted the railing, to fold the pole horizontally against the railing rail. The operator can easily forget this operation and let the pole hang freely, which may hurt the operators working at the lower level. A first objective is to propose a scaffolding whose assembly of the railings is realized in safety. A second objective is to provide such a scaffolding in which the mounting of the floor is impossible without a prior assembly of railings. A third objective is to propose such a scaffolding whose assembly is at once easy, practical and fast. For this purpose, a scaffolding is provided comprising: a first scale and a second scale each having two posts connected by bars; a pair of railings each provided with a frame, a fixed hook secured to the frame and adapted to pick a bar of the first ladder, and a boom mounted hinged to the frame at an end opposite the hook fixed; a floor comprising, at a first end, hooks adapted to hook a bar of the first ladder, and at a second end of the riders, wherein: the guardrail is provided with a first movable hook carried by the pole and adapted to come to hook a bar of the second scale, there is provided a support member provided with a false bar, adapted to be mounted between the poles being removably attached thereto, the floor is sized to that the riders come to fit on the false bar when the hooks are nested on a bar of the first scale located at the level of the false bar. C004 B015 EN - TQD The scaffolding thus configured can only be assembled by mounting the guardrails before the floor, to the benefit of the safety of the operator. Various additional features may be provided, alone or in combination: each railing comprises a U-shaped abutment secured to the pole, adapted to receive one end of the false bar; the stop is in the vicinity of a lower end of the pole, the support element is provided with a pair of clevises each adapted to fit on a pole; each clevis is pierced with holes for the introduction of a securing pin to the pole; the support element comprises a lower bar secured to the false bar by means of spacers, and the clevises are provided at the ends of the lower bar; the first movable hook is provided near an upper end of the pole; the guardrail comprises a second movable hook carried by the pole in the vicinity of a lower end thereof; each hook comprises a U-shaped tongue adapted to fit on an upright of a ladder, and a tab which extends to the square from an inner end of the tongue, and adapted to fit together on a bar; - At least one of the hooks comprises a latch mounted articulated on the tab. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the light of the description of an embodiment, given below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating a scaffold equipped with guardrail with secure mounting, and a floor mounted between a ladder rung and a false rung interposed between the poles of the railings; Figure 2 is a perspective view showing a guard fitted to a scaffold as shown in Figure 1; detail circles illustrate, from left to right and from top to bottom: a fixed hook, a movable upper hook and a movable lower hook; Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a false bar equipping a scaffold as shown in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a perspective view, according to another angle of view, illustrating the scaffolding of Figure 1 during assembly of the railings; Figure 5 is a detailed perspective view illustrating the mounting of the false bar between the railings already mounted; - Figure 6 is a detailed perspective view illustrating the false bar mounted; Figure 7 is a perspective view, according to another angle of view, illustrating a first phase of mounting the floor of the scaffold of Figure 1; - Figure 8 is a detail view in perspective, from below, illustrating a second phase of the assembly of the floor, the side of the false bar; Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, showing the floor mounted and locked on the side of the false bar; - Figure 10 is a detail view in perspective, from below, showing the locking of the floor on the scale opposite the false bar. In Figure 1 is shown a scaffolding 1. In the illustrated example, this scaffolding 1 is of the rolling type, but the description is not limited to this type of scaffolding. Scaffolding 1 comprises a first ladder 2 (hereinafter referred to as a rear ladder convention) and a second ladder 3 (hereinafter referred to as the front ladder convention), which, when the scaffolding 1 is assembled, extend parallel to each other. one to another.

Each scale 2, 3 has two uprights 4 and a series of equidistant bars 5 which connect the uprights 4. The spacing between the bars 5 can be normalized, as can their length (which corresponds substantially to the depth of the scaffold 1 , to the diameter of the uprights 4).

At a lower end, each ladder 2, 3 is in this case provided with rollers 6 which allow easy movement of the scaffold 1. The rollers 6 are preferably lockable simultaneously on two axes by means of a rocking brake controlled by the foot. As in the illustrated example, each scale 2, 3 can integrate one (or more) butt extension and pinned on a base member equipped with the wheels 6, to adapt the scale 2, 3 to the desired working height. The ladders 2, 3 are secured to one another, in the vicinity of the wheels 6, by a base 7 comprising a pair of molds removably attached to the uprights 4 and connected by spacers. The scaffolding 1 furthermore comprises at least one pair of diagonals 8 which obliquely connect the ladders 2, 3 in order to square the scaffold 1. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the diagonals 8 are fixed on the bars 5 , but alternatively the attachment could be made on the uprights 4, or in the ends of the studs barbed outside the amounts. The scaffolding 1 also comprises at least one working platform 9 including a floor 10 and a pair of guardrails 11. The platform 9 can be mounted at any level on the scaffolding 1, while resting on the bars 5 ladders 2, 3. The height adjustment of the platform 9 is incremental, in a step corresponding to the distance between the bars 5. The guardrails 11 are symmetrical with respect to a median plane of the scaffolding. There is shown on a larger scale one of the guardrails 11 in FIG. 2. It will be understood that the description of this railing 11 applies to the other by simple plane symmetry. As can be seen in FIG. 2, each railing 11 comprises a rectangular frame 12 including a rail 13 and a sub-rail 14 connected at their ends by posts, namely a rear pillar and a front pillar 16. . The smooth 13, the sub-smooth 14 and the uprights 15, 16 are advantageously made in the form of metal tubes. To simplify manufacture, each upright 15, 16 may be formed by an end section of the heald 13 (respectively of the sub-heal 14) folded to the square and welded to the sub-heap 14 (respectively to the 13) to form the frame 12. The railing 11 comprises a hook 17 fixed (relative to the frame 12), secured to the frame 12 at a rear end, and adapted to pick a bar 5 of the scale 2 back. More precisely, according to a preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the fixed hook 17 is integral with the rear upright. The railing 11 further comprises a pole 18 mounted articulated on the frame 12, at a front end opposite the hook 17 fixed. More specifically, the pole 18 is mounted articulated about an axis 19 integral with the rail 13, near the upright 16 before. The pole 18 comprises a bar 20, for example in the form of a hollow tube. The pole 18 has a length greater than the height of the frame 12, measured between the beam 13 and the sub-smooth 14. According to a preferred embodiment, the pole 18 has a length greater than or equal to twice the height of the frame 12 This length is dimensioned to allow, from a platform 9 of a given level, the safety assembly of the railing 11 in order to assemble a platform of higher level. As can also be seen in FIG. 2, the railing 11 is provided with a first mobile hook 21 (with respect to the frame 12) carried by the pole 18, and able to pick a bar 5 of the ladder 3 before. In the illustrated example, this first movable hook 21, called upper mobile hook, is provided in the vicinity of an upper end of the pole 18, that is to say in the vicinity of its articulation to the frame 12. Thus, when the pole 18 extends perpendicularly to the rail 13, the upper mobile hook 21 extends at the same level (measured parallel to the rail 13) that the hook 17 fixed, so as to pick a bar 5 of the scale 3 front of the same level as the bar 5 of the scale 2 rear crocheted by the fixed hook 17.

According to a preferred embodiment illustrated in the figures, and in particular in FIG. 2, the railing 11 is provided with a second mobile hook 22, called the lower mobile hook, carried by the pole 18 in the vicinity of a lower end. of it. In the illustrated example, each hook 17, 21, 22 comprises an upper section in the form of a U-shaped tongue 23, adapted to fit on an upright 4 of a ladder 2, 3, and a lower section under form of a tab 24 which extends to the square from C004 B015 FR - TQD an inner end of the tongue 23, and adapted to be fitted on a bar 5 of the same scale 2, 3. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the tongues 23 of the movable hooks 21, 22 open opposite the tongue 23 of the fixed hook 17, so that the tabs 23 are fitted to the uprights 4 of the ladders. 2, 3 is from inside the scaffold 1 to the outside. To ensure the anti-lifting of the guardrail 11, at least two of the hooks 17, 21, 22 are provided with a movable latch 25.

In the illustrated example, this latch 25 is articulated on the lug 24 (for example by means of a rivet), and has a notch 26 intended to cooperate with a bar 5 and turned away from the tongue 23, and a bevel 27 for sliding on the bar 5 to allow a snap hooking thereof.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fixed hook 17 and the lower movable hook 22 are both provided with such a latch 25. Each railing 11 further comprises a U-shaped abutment 28 secured to the pole 18, and which protrudes on the latter in a direction opposite to the frame 12, in the vicinity of the lower end of the pole 18. In the example shown, the U-shaped stop 28, whose function will be disclosed hereinafter, extends substantially at the level of the lower mobile hook 22, and more precisely at the notch 26 of the lock 25, which corresponds to the level of a ladder bar 5. The working platform 9 comprises, in addition to the guardrails 11 and the floor 10, a support element 29 attached for mounting the floor 10 on the side of the ladder 3 before. This support element 29, illustrated in FIG. 3, is intended to be mounted between the poles 18 by being removably fixed thereon. It comprises a false bar 30, in the form of a tubular section (which may be of the same diameter and the same length as a ladder bar). This false bar 30 is intended to be fitted at its ends into the U-shaped stops 28 of the poles 18, at the same level as the bar 5 of the front ladder 3 on which the lower movable hooks 22 are positioned. When the guardrails 11 are put in place, the poles 18 extend vertically parallel to the uprights 4 of the ladder 3 before, being shifted therefrom towards the inside of the scaffolding 1. Therefore, when the element 29 is mounted between the poles 18, the false bar 30 extends parallel to the bar 5 of the same level, being shifted relative thereto towards the inside of the scaffolding 1, a distance equal to the distance between the uprights 4 of the front scale 3 and the poles 18. The element 29 support is preferably lockable on the poles 18. For this purpose, it is for example (as illustrated ) provided with a pair of clevises 31 adapted to fit each one on a pole 18. Each yoke 31 is pierced with holes 32 whose axis is parallel to the false bar 30, for the introduction of a pin 33 of solidarity to the corresponding pole 18. This pin 33 passes through the pole 18 through a hole 34 formed at the lower end thereof, along a drilling axis perpendicular to the extension plane of the frame 12. According to a preferred embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 29 support member comprises a lower bar 35 carrying the yokes 31 at its ends. This lower bar 35 is secured to the false bar 30 by means of spacers 36 which is for example in the form of tubes whose ends are fixed to the false bar 30 and the lower bar 35 including welding. The floor 10 comprises a plate 37, for the support and the movement of the operator, which integrates an articulated access door and is preferably bordered by a skirting 38. At a rear end, the floor 10 comprises a pair of hooks 39 adapted to hook a bar 5 of the scale 2 rear. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of these hooks 39 is provided with a latch 40 movable to block the floor 10 on the bar 5 of the scale 2 back and prevent its lifting. At one front end, the floor 10 is provided with a pair of jumpers 41 adapted to fit on the false bar 30 (mounted between the poles 18 of the railings 11 on the front ladder side 3) when the hooks 39 are nested on the bar 5 of the same level of the scale 2 back. This architecture is allowed by the sizing of the floor 10, and more precisely by its spacing (that is to say the distance separating the hooks 39 of the jumpers 41), equal to the distance between the false bar 30 (on the side of scale 3 before) and the bar 5 of the same level of the scale 2 back. It is therefore understood that the spacing of the floor 10 is less than the distance between the bars 5 of the rear scale 2 and the bars 5 of the same level of the front scale 3. In practice, therefore, it is impossible to mount the floor 10 between the ladders 2, 3, the assembly being able to take place only between the false bar 30 and the bar 5 of the same level of the ladder 2. back. In other words, the floor 10 can be mounted only when the guardrails 11 have been positioned and the support element 29 mounted between the poles 18. This results for the operator a better assembly safety of the scaffolding.

This assembly is illustrated in Figures 4 to 10. From an intermediate configuration in which the scales 2, 3 are already connected by the base and squared by the diagonals 8, a first phase of mounting the platform 9 work, illustrated in Figure 4, consists of mounting the guardrails 11 on the scales 2, 3, at the level chosen by the operator (referenced 42) according to the desired working height. It is impossible for the operator 42 to first mount the floor 10, because its distance, less than the distance between bars 5 of the same level, is too low to allow mounting on the scales 2, 3.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, each railing 11 is first fixed on the rear scale 2 (the operator 42 must first check that he raises the railing 11 on the right side, since the guards -body 11 are symmetrical). For this purpose, the operator 42 can grab the frame 12 at the junction of the sub-smooth 14 and the upright 16 before, and hook the bar 5 by means of the hook 17 fixed, the tongue 23 U comes simultaneously to fit on the upright 4, the frame 12 remaining outside the volume defined by the scales 2, 3. The latching of the lock 25 allows, once this is done, to avoid the separation of the railing 11 from the back 2 scale. The frame 12 (and thus the railing 11) can then pivot freely around the hooked bar 5. The operator 42 can then fix the railing 11 on the scale 3 before, making sure to position the frame 12 horizontally. For this purpose, the operator 42 seizes the pole 18 (in this case near its lower end, given the chosen working height) to lift the frame 12 and bring the upper mobile hook 21 to the C004 B015 FR - TQD right of the bar 5 to crocheting the same level as the bar 5 of the ladder 2 rear crocheted by the hook 17 fixed. To avoid abutting against the lower level bars of the front ladder 3, the operator 42 will have the advantage of keeping the pole 18 inclined towards the inside of the scaffolding 1, until the bar 5 referred to is reached, and even slightly exceeded by a distance greater than or equal to the length of the tab 24. The operator 42 can then fold the boom 18 towards the scale 3, and simultaneously croch two bars 5 (here shifted by three spacings) by means of the movable hooks 21, 22. In this position, illustrated in the detail locket of FIG. 4, the latch 25 of the lower movable hook 22 snaps onto the corresponding bar 5, which prevents the untimely lifting of the railing 11 on the ladder side. 3 before.

The operator 42 can then mount the support element 29. For this purpose, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the operator 42 (of which only the hand is visible) is fitted vertically (as suggested by the right arrow) with the false bar 30 in the U-shaped stops 28, and then switches the lower bar 35 towards the poles 18 (as suggested by the curved arrow), to fit the yokes 31 thereon. Alternatively, the support member 29 is mounted in one block, the false bar 30 and the lower bar 35 being mounted simultaneously in the U-stops 28 and on the poles 18 (via the yokes 31). The pins 33 are then introduced together into the holes 32 of the yokes and into the holes 34 of the poles 18 to definitively (although removably) secure the support element 29 (and therefore the false bar 30) on the guardrails 11 as shown in Figure 6. The mounting of the false bar 30 then allows the operator 42 to assemble the floor 10. This assembly is carried out in two steps. A first step is to slide the floor 10 on the bar 5 of the scale 2 rear, located at the same level as the false bar 30, being careful to orient the hooks 39 on the side of the scale 2 rear. The mounting of the floor 10 is made from the inside, as illustrated in FIG. 7.

With the floor 10 remaining resting on the bar 5 of the rear ladder 2, the operator 42 then slides it towards the front ladder 3, while keeping it raised relative to the false bar 30, C004 B015 FR - TQD as suggested by the tail of the arrow in Figure 8. As the riders 41 reach the plumb with the false bar 30, the hooks 39 fit opposite to the bar 5 of the scale 2 rear, and the operator 42 can then, as suggested by the head of the arrow of Figure 8, release the floor 10 whose riders 41 are fitted on the false bar 30. The floor 10 is properly mounted between ladders 2, 3. To definitively (although removably) fasten the floor 10 to the ladders 2, 3, and thus secure the platform 9 while consolidating the scaffold 1, the operator 42 can then insert a pin 43 into the one of the riders 41 under the fake bar 30, preventing thus any raising of the floor 10 on the side of the ladder 3 before. Likewise, the movable latch 40 is tilted from an unlocked position (in dashed lines in FIG. 10) to a locked position (solid line in FIG. 10) in which the latch 40 is engaged with the bar 5 of the ladder. 2 rear, which allows to block the floor 10 relative to the scale 2 rear preventing its lifting on this side. The mounting of the platform 9 is thus completed. It is possible, from this platform 9, to mount a similar platform of higher level, according to the same method. To dismantle the platform 9, we proceed in reverse, with a few details. It is indeed necessary to start by unlocking the fixed hook 17 of each railing 11. This operation can be performed only from the floor 10, and must therefore be performed before even dismount it. Therefore, the operator can descend to the ground or the lower level platform to disassemble the floor 10. The pin 43 is removed and the latch 40 tilted. The floor 10 must be raised on the side of the jumpers 41 and then slid towards the rear scale 2, before being withdrawn obliquely down and then stored. The next step is to remove the support member 29 by removing the pins 33, then lifting the support member 29 (possibly after tilting) to remove it from the stops 28. The operator can then dismount the guards. body 11 by first unlocking the hook 22 mobile lower. He can then raise the pole 18 to clear the hooks 21, 22 of the bars 5 of the front ladder, then tilt the pole 18 around its axis 19 towards the inside of the scaffolding 1, until the tabs 23 are spaced from the uprights 4. It is then necessary to rotate the railing 11 laterally to the outside of the scaffolding 1 to tilt the frame 12 downwards unhindered, until bring sub-smooth 14 within range of the operator, who can grasp and thus lift the frame 12 so as to remove the fixed hook 17 of the bar 5 of the scale 2 rear. The disassembly of the platform 9 is then completed. It follows from the architecture that has just been described presents the following advantages, among others. First, the mounting of the railings 11 is made safely. It is a priority in the assembly of the floor 10, which can not be assembled directly to the scales 2, 3. Therefore, even the negligent operators are forced to respect the order of assembly, for the benefit of their own safety. Then, it follows from the above description that the mounting and dismounting of the platform 9 is easy (in particular thanks to the poles 18), which allow a manipulation of the railings 11 without the need for too much effort on the part of the operator. operator, practical (especially thanks to the snap hooks 17, 22) and fast (all operations are carried out from the ground or the lower level platform, and where the number of parts is small: three pins). C004 B015 EN - TQD

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Scaffolding (1) comprising: a first ladder (2) and a second ladder (3) each having two uprights (4) connected by bars (5); a pair of railings (11) each provided with a frame (12), a fixed hook (17) secured to the frame (12) and able to hook a bar (5) of the first ladder (2) and a boom (18) hinged to the frame (12) at an end opposite the fixed hook (17); a floor (10) comprising, at one end, hooks (39) capable of hooking a bar (5) of the first ladder (2), and at a second end of the riders (41), this scaffold (1) being characterized in that the railing (11) is provided with a first movable hook (21) carried by the pole (18) and adapted to pick a bar (5) of the second ladder (3), in that it comprises an element (29) support support provided with a false bar (30), adapted to be mounted between the poles (18) being removably attached thereto, and in that the floor ( 10) is dimensioned so that the jumpers (41) fit on the false bar (30) when the hooks (39) of the floor (10) are nested on a bar (5) of the first scale (2) located at the false bar (30). 2. Scaffolding (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each railing (11) comprises a stop (28) in U, integral with the pole (18), adapted to receive one end of the false bar (30). ). 3. Scaffolding (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the stop (28) is in the vicinity of a lower end of the pole (18). 4. Scaffolding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element (29) is provided with a pair of yokes (31) adapted to fit each on a pole (18). 5. Scaffolding (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that each yoke (31) is pierced with holes (32) for the introduction of a pin (33) for securing to the pole (18). C004 B015 EN - TQD 6. Scaffolding (1) according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the element (29) comprises a support bar (35) lower secured to the false bar (30) by means of spacers (36), and in that the clevises (31) are provided at the ends of the lower bar (35). 7. Scaffolding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first hook (21) is provided in the vicinity of an upper end of the pole (18). 8. Scaffolding (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the guardrail (11) comprises a second hook (22) movable carried by the pole (18) in the vicinity of a lower end thereof. 9. Scaffolding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each hook (17, 21, 22) comprises a tongue (23) U adapted to fit on a upright (4) of a ladder (2, 3), and a tab (24) which extends to the square from an inner end of the tongue (23), and adapted to fit on a bar (5). 10. Scaffolding (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the hooks (17, 21, 22) comprises a latch (25) mounted articulated on the tab (24). C004 B015 EN - TQD