FR2841277A1 - Method for making cavity in concrete floor comprises closing cavity upper part with cover fixed to formwork panel - Google Patents
Method for making cavity in concrete floor comprises closing cavity upper part with cover fixed to formwork panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2841277A1 FR2841277A1 FR0215420A FR0215420A FR2841277A1 FR 2841277 A1 FR2841277 A1 FR 2841277A1 FR 0215420 A FR0215420 A FR 0215420A FR 0215420 A FR0215420 A FR 0215420A FR 2841277 A1 FR2841277 A1 FR 2841277A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- base
- box
- cover
- grooves
- walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
- E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
- E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
- E04G15/065—Re-usable forms with mechanical means to modify the section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0068—Embedding lost cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
- E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
- E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
- B28B2007/005—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
effectue figures (5) et (6).performs figures (5) and (6).
l l La presente invention, destinee au domaine de la construction de batiments, est applicable aux structures beton, notamment: les dalles pleines traditionnelles, les dalles pleines prefabriquees, les dalles type pre-dalles, les dalles alveolaires prefabriquees, et les dalles poutrelles hourdis. Wile concerne plus precisement un procede de coffrage pour realiser les tremies au travers desquelles passeront les toysux d' alimentation et d' evacuation en eau froide ou chaude, les colonnes de ventilation ou de climatisation, et tous reseaux techniques. Apres leur installation, ces divers reseaux d'equipements vent dissimules l l The present invention, intended for the field of building construction, is applicable to concrete structures, in particular: traditional solid slabs, prefabricated solid slabs, pre-slab type slabs, prefabricated cellular slabs, and slabs of joists. Wile relates more precisely to a formwork process for making the hoppers through which the supply and discharge toys will pass in cold or hot water, the ventilation or air conditioning columns, and all technical networks. After installation, these various hidden equipment networks
derriere des murs ou des cloisons: I'ensemble est denomme gaine technique. behind walls or partitions: the whole is known as a technical sheath.
Ces tremies, appelees aussi reservations, vent confectionnees sur le site. Cette fabrication presente divers inconvenients: a3 coffrage bois: rudimentaire, difficile a realiser, a decoffrer, et couteux, b) la mise en ceuvre est improvisee, completee parfois avec divers materiaux recuperes sur le site, c3 sa conception ne repond qu'a delimiter grossierement les dimensions des tremies, d) en terme de securite, elle ntapporte aucune reponse, n'assurant pas la continuite du plancher: notamment le plan de travail pour la circulation du personnel, e) la protection contre les chutes de materiaux ou de materiels par les tremies est mal assuree; improvisee sa mise en place necessite un entretien permanent pendant la duree du chantier, f) pendant les intemperies (pluie, neige, etc.), I'eau stinf ltre par les tremies des dalles et empeche les travaux de second aeuvre. Ce qui gene l'avancement du chantier, g) pour effectuer le rebouchage en beton ou au platre des tremies, un coffrage These hoppers, also called reservations, are made on site. This manufacturing presents various disadvantages: a3 wooden formwork: rudimentary, difficult to carry out, to formwork, and expensive, b) the implementation is improvised, sometimes completed with various materials recovered on the site, c3 its design only responds to delimit roughly the dimensions of the hoppers, d) in terms of security, it does not provide any response, not ensuring the continuity of the floor: in particular the work plan for the circulation of personnel, e) protection against falling materials or materials by the hoppers is poorly insured; improvised its installation requires permanent maintenance for the duration of the site, f) during bad weather (rain, snow, etc.), water seeps through the hoppers of the slabs and prevents the finishing work. What hinders the progress of the site, g) to fill the concrete or plaster hoppers, a formwork
laborieux doit etre realise autour et entre les differents reseaux. laborious must be carried out around and between the different networks.
Afin d'eliminer tous ces inconvenients designee ci-avant, le but de la presente invention est de proposer trots coffrages de fabrication industrielle, en matibre l plastique ou metal, ou tout autre materisu. Ce coffrage sera concu selon trots possibilites: A) en trots elements: figures 3 et 4- un couvercle 1, un element quatre faces In order to eliminate all these drawbacks described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide three formwork forms of industrial manufacture, in plastic or metal material, or any other material. This formwork will be designed according to trots possibilities: A) in trots elements: Figures 3 and 4- a cover 1, a four-sided element
denomme jouee 2, et une embase 3.denomme played 2, and a base 3.
B) en deux elements: figures 1 et 2 - un couvercle 1, un element comportant une B) in two elements: Figures 1 and 2 - a cover 1, an element comprising a
embase 4 attenante a des parois verticales 4a. base 4 adjoining vertical walls 4a.
C) en un element 20 en forme d'equerre muni de rainures figure 7, formant une bo^te lorsqu'ils vent assembles figure 8, 20 devient 25 pour la base et 26 pour la C) in an element 20 in the form of a square provided with grooves in FIG. 7, forming a box when they are assembled in FIG. 8, 20 becomes 25 for the base and 26 for the
partie superieure formant le couvercle. upper part forming the cover.
Dans les conceptions A et B. les elements assembles formeront une bo^te trapezo'dale. L'invention atteint son but par le fait que cette bo^te, dont la hauteur est egale a l'epaisseur de la dalle, est fixce sur le panneau coffrant 6 et incorporee au courage du beton 14. La bo^te creera une tremie calibree et assurera, grace a sa conception, la fermeture et ltetancheite de la tremie pendant les travaux de gros In designs A and B. the elements together will form a trapezoidal box. The invention achieves its object by the fact that this box, the height of which is equal to the thickness of the slab, is fixed on the shuttering panel 6 and incorporated into the courage of the concrete 14. The box will create a hopper calibrated and will ensure, thanks to its design, the closing and the tightness of the hopper during the big works
aeuvre, ainsi que la confection du coffrage pour le rebouchage de celleci. aeuvre, as well as the making of the formwork for filling it.
D'autres caracteristiques et avantages ressortiront a la lecture de la description Other characteristics and advantages will emerge on reading the description
et des croquis suivants: la figure 1, coupe verticale composee d'un bloc 17 comprend une embase 4 attenante a quatre parois verticales 4a. L'ensemble forme une bo^'te trapezo-dale avec un couvercle 1. Ce principe est destine aux utilisateurs acceptant de laisser figure 5 en con1act la paroi 4a incorporee entre le remplissage 18 et la structure beton 14. La figure 3 coupe verticale represente un ensemble 17 fornant une bo^te trapezoidale composee d'une paroi verticale 2 sur tout le pourtour, reliee a une base3, et d'un couvercle 1. La particularite de ce second principe ffgure 6 permet d'enlever la paroi- 2 avant le remplissage 18- de la t-remie- 17. Ces deux coffrages, figures 1- et 3 vent rialis-es en matiere plastique; en metal ou autre materisu, fabriques industriellement, de forme trapezo-'dale et comportant un couvercle and the following sketches: FIG. 1, vertical section composed of a block 17 comprises a base 4 adjoining four vertical walls 4a. The assembly forms a trapezoidal box with a cover 1. This principle is intended for users who agree to leave FIG. 5 in con1act the wall 4a incorporated between the filling 18 and the concrete structure 14. FIG. 3 vertical section represents an assembly 17 forming a trapezoidal box composed of a vertical wall 2 around the entire periphery, connected to a base 3, and of a cover 1. The particularity of this second principle ffgure 6 makes it possible to remove the wall- 2 before filling 18- of the t-remie- 17. These two forms, Figures 1- and 3 are made of plastic; made of metal or other material, industrially made, trapezoidal shape and having a cover
1,figures 1-2-3 et 4.1, Figures 1-2-3 and 4.
L'invention concerne une bo^te trapezodale de hauteur egale a ltepaisseur totale du plancher et placee sur le panneau coffrant 6, figures 1 et 3, ou incorporee a la dalle The invention relates to a trapezoidal box of equal height to the total thickness of the floor and placed on the shuttering panel 6, Figures 1 and 3, or incorporated into the slab
3-0 14.3-0 14.
L'invention atteint son but par le fait que ces bo^'tes vent totalement encastrees dans l'epaisseur du plancher 14. D'autres caracteristiques et avantages de ['invention The invention achieves its object by the fact that these boxes are completely embedded in the thickness of the floor 14. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention
ressortiront a la lecture des descriptions suivantes faites a titre d'exemple. Le will emerge on reading the following descriptions given by way of example. The
couverclel, figures 1 et 3, assure une protection permanente en matiere de securite et d'etancheite. Dans la double paroi de ce couvercle, des poignees 7, figures 1- 2- 3 et 4, cover, Figures 1 and 3, provides permanent protection in terms of security and sealing. In the double wall of this cover, handles 7, figures 1- 2- 3 and 4,
vent incorporees af n de permettre une ouverture plus facile. wind incorporated to allow easier opening.
S Ce couvercle 1, figures 1 et 3 suivant une coupe verticale, est relic a la partie superieure de la paroi verticale 4a et 2 au moyen d'un encastrement 8 en biais et d'un S This cover 1, Figures 1 and 3 in a vertical section, is connected to the upper part of the vertical wall 4a and 2 by means of a recess 8 at an angle and a
renflement 9 sur tout le pourtour qui assure le blocage et ltetancheite. bulge 9 around the entire periphery which ensures blocking and tightness.
Ainsi quton le volt sur la figure 3, la liaison de la paroi verticale 2 est reliee a la base 3 par le renflement 9 qui s'encastre dans une languette 12. Cette languette 12 permet a la base 3 dont elle est solidaire de la maintenir dans le beton du plancher 14, lorsque le panneau coffrant 6 est enleve figure 6. Des appendices 10 places sur chaque face de la paroi verticale 2 permettent un assemblage avec les saillies 11 solidaires de As quton the volt in Figure 3, the connection of the vertical wall 2 is connected to the base 3 by the bulge 9 which is embedded in a tongue 12. This tongue 12 allows the base 3 which it is secured to maintain in the concrete of the floor 14, when the shuttering panel 6 is removed in FIG. 6. Appendices 10 places on each face of the vertical wall 2 allow assembly with the projections 11 integral with
la base 3, figures 3 et 4, et de la saillie 15 sur la paroi 4, figures 1 et 2. the base 3, Figures 3 and 4, and the projection 15 on the wall 4, Figures 1 and 2.
L'ensemble forme par la base 3 relic a la paroi verticale 2 est fxe sur le panneau coffrant 6 au moyen d'un clou 13b qui passe dans un oriffce circulaire 13 et traverse The assembly formed by the base 3 connected to the vertical wall 2 is fixed to the shuttering panel 6 by means of a nail 13b which passes through a circular orifice 13 and passes through
l'appendice 10 et la saillie 11, figures 3 et 4. Appendix 10 and projection 11, Figures 3 and 4.
La coupe verticale de la figure 1 represente la bo^te 17 fixce au panneau coffrant The vertical section in Figure 1 shows the box 17 fixed to the shuttering panel
6 par 1'intermediaire d'un clou (13b) traversant une saillie 15, figure 2. 6 by means of a nail (13b) passing through a projection 15, FIG. 2.
La fgure 5 represente la tremie remplie du beton de remplissage 18 apres le decoupage de la base 4 a la dimension des tuysax 16, la paroi verticale 4a se trouve Figure 5 represents the hopper filled with filling concrete 18 after cutting the base 4 to the size of the tuysax 16, the vertical wall 4a is
entre le beton de remplissage 18 et le beton 14. between the filling concrete 18 and the concrete 14.
La figure 6 represente la tremie remplie du beton de remplissage 18 apres le decoupage de la base 3 a la dimension des tuyaux 16, le beton de remplissage 18 est Figure 6 shows the hopper filled with the filling concrete 18 after cutting the base 3 to the size of the pipes 16, the filling concrete 18 is
relic au beton 14 du plancher.relic to the concrete 14 of the floor.
La conception C differe des conceptions A et B dans le sens que cette bo^te 17a est formee de quatre elements identiques 20 figure 7 assembles au moyen de rainures 27 encastrees les unes dans les autres espacees regulierement, et permettant de choisir la hauteur A de la bo^te 17a soahaitee. La paroi superieure 26 formant le couvercle et sa pa roi vertica le a tten ante 26a, disposee a l' interieur de la pa roi 2 5 form a nt la ba se, elle-meme fixee sur le panneau de coffrage 6 au moyen d'un clou 13b traversant la paroi de ltempreinte 30 par un orifice circulaire 31. Les parois verticales 26a et 25a vent maintenues entre elles au moyen de pitons 23 traversant des orifices circulaires The design C differs from the designs A and B in the sense that this box 17a is formed by four identical elements 20 figure 7 assembled by means of grooves 27 recessed one into the other spaces regularly, and making it possible to choose the height A of box 17a soahaitee. The upper wall 26 forming the cover and its vertical pa king has the ante 26a, arranged inside the pa king 2 5 formed at the base, itself fixed on the formwork panel 6 by means of a nail 13b passing through the wall of the imprint 30 by a circular orifice 31. The vertical walls 26a and 25a are held together by means of pins 23 passing through circular orifices
24, figure 7 - figure 8.24, figure 7 - figure 8.
La largeur B suivant ['invention est obtenue en encastrant les unes dans les autres a ['emplacement sonhait les rainures 29 espacees regulierement. Les deux parois horizontales des elements 25 et des elements 26 vent reliees entre elles au moyen The width B according to the invention is obtained by fitting one into the other at the location of the regularly spaced grooves 29. The two horizontal walls of elements 25 and elements 26 are interconnected by means
de pitons 23 traversant des orifices circulaires 24, figure 7 - figure 8. of studs 23 passing through circular orifices 24, FIG. 7 - FIG. 8.
La dimension D de la bo^te suivant ['invention est obtenue en decoupant les elements 25 et 26 dans le cran forme par la jonction des rainures triangulaires 28, The dimension D of the box according to the invention is obtained by cutting the elements 25 and 26 in the notch formed by the junction of the triangular grooves 28,
apres decoupage ces rainures d'extremite deviennent 28a, figure 7 - figure 9. after cutting these end grooves become 28a, figure 7 - figure 9.
Les dimensions A et B de cette bo^'te 17a suivant 1'invention vent determinees precisement et permettent de trouver ltemplacement de la jonction entre elles des rain u res 27 et 29 au moyen de deux pan neaux rectangulaires denommes joues 21 ferment la bo^te aux extremites et les panneaux intermediaires 22 servent de renforts a The dimensions A and B of this box 17a according to the invention are precisely determined and make it possible to find the location of the junction between them of the grooves 27 and 29 by means of two rectangular panels denominated played 21 close the box. te at the ends and the intermediate panels 22 serve as reinforcements to
l'interieur, fgure 8 et fgure 9.the interior, fgure 8 and fgure 9.
Les joues 21 et les panneaux 22 vent coupes aux dimensions A et B interieures de cette bo^'te 17a, en tenant compte de ltencastrement dans les rainures 28 et 28a The cheeks 21 and the panels 22 are cut to the inside dimensions A and B of this box 17a, taking account of the embedding in the grooves 28 and 28a
horizontales et verticales, figures 8 et 9. horizontal and vertical, Figures 8 and 9.
Ces joues 21 et panneaux 22 suivant ['invention assurent la stabilite entre les These cheeks 21 and panels 22 according to the invention provide stability between the
panneaux 25 et 26 et rendent cette bo^te indeformable. panels 25 and 26 and make this box indeformable.
La particularite du procede C est d'oter entierement la partie superieure 26 formant le couvercle ainsi que la partie verticale 26a attenante. Apres decoupage de la base 25 faisant fonction de fond de moule au diametre des toysax et gaines 16, ccux-ci vent mis en place, le remplissage du beton 18 est effectue,il est relic a la paroi superieure du beton 14 formant le plancher, figure 10 The peculiarity of method C is to entirely remove the upper part 26 forming the cover as well as the adjoining vertical part 26a. After cutting the base 25 acting as the bottom of the mold to the diameter of the toysax and sheaths 16, these are set up, the filling of the concrete 18 is carried out, it is connected to the upper wall of the concrete 14 forming the floor, figure 10
2841 2772841 277
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0215420A FR2841277B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-12-06 | FORMWORK FOR MAKING TREMIES IN THE THICKNESS OF A CONCRETE FLOOR |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0207531A FR2841276A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-06-19 | Method for making cavity in concrete floor comprises closing cavity upper part with cover fixed to formwork panel |
FR0215420A FR2841277B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-12-06 | FORMWORK FOR MAKING TREMIES IN THE THICKNESS OF A CONCRETE FLOOR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2841277A1 true FR2841277A1 (en) | 2003-12-26 |
FR2841277B1 FR2841277B1 (en) | 2006-10-13 |
Family
ID=29720855
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR0215420A Expired - Fee Related FR2841277B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-12-06 | FORMWORK FOR MAKING TREMIES IN THE THICKNESS OF A CONCRETE FLOOR |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2841277B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2927343A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-14 | Dominique Bargues | Pit/reserve forming method for e.g. supply tube, in concrete building, involves integrating base to pre-slabs during casting to allow transportation of pre-slabs, and arranging base to receive cover with height adjusted based on slab height |
FR2949491A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-04 | Claude Bonne | Sheath passage reserving device for forming concrete wall of building during pouring of concrete in casing, has cup whose diameter is greater than diameter of tubular element, so as to form peripheral extension at level of cups |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2286564A (en) * | 1940-07-25 | 1942-06-16 | Charles E Newell | Core mold for use with concrete forms |
CH432332A (en) * | 1963-09-05 | 1967-03-15 | Angervuori Aune | Mold core for the production of cavities in moldings to be cast from concrete |
CH476906A (en) * | 1967-06-28 | 1969-08-15 | Rey Henri | Formwork element |
DE1684522A1 (en) * | 1966-10-13 | 1970-03-26 | Erich Wegner | Lost formwork for concrete construction |
OA05191A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1981-02-28 | Salah Djelouah | Method and device for connecting built-in elements. |
CH647835A5 (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1985-02-15 | Samuel Keller | Process for producing a tubular passage through concrete and apparatus for carrying out this process |
DE3341728A1 (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-05 | Jörn-Hinrich 2359 Kisdorf Ostermann | Device for producing closable installation openings |
DE19607254A1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-04 | Kaiser Gmbh & Co Kg | Hollow body for installation in concrete |
-
2002
- 2002-12-06 FR FR0215420A patent/FR2841277B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2286564A (en) * | 1940-07-25 | 1942-06-16 | Charles E Newell | Core mold for use with concrete forms |
CH432332A (en) * | 1963-09-05 | 1967-03-15 | Angervuori Aune | Mold core for the production of cavities in moldings to be cast from concrete |
DE1684522A1 (en) * | 1966-10-13 | 1970-03-26 | Erich Wegner | Lost formwork for concrete construction |
CH476906A (en) * | 1967-06-28 | 1969-08-15 | Rey Henri | Formwork element |
OA05191A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1981-02-28 | Salah Djelouah | Method and device for connecting built-in elements. |
CH647835A5 (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1985-02-15 | Samuel Keller | Process for producing a tubular passage through concrete and apparatus for carrying out this process |
DE3341728A1 (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-05 | Jörn-Hinrich 2359 Kisdorf Ostermann | Device for producing closable installation openings |
DE19607254A1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-04 | Kaiser Gmbh & Co Kg | Hollow body for installation in concrete |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2927343A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-14 | Dominique Bargues | Pit/reserve forming method for e.g. supply tube, in concrete building, involves integrating base to pre-slabs during casting to allow transportation of pre-slabs, and arranging base to receive cover with height adjusted based on slab height |
FR2949491A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-04 | Claude Bonne | Sheath passage reserving device for forming concrete wall of building during pouring of concrete in casing, has cup whose diameter is greater than diameter of tubular element, so as to form peripheral extension at level of cups |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2841277B1 (en) | 2006-10-13 |
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