FR2775997A1 - Prefabricated cover for growing vines - Google Patents

Abstract

The cover has half sections (1) with vertical side walls (2) and curved top surfaces (5) which are connected in opposition with the joint (6) forming the top ridge of the cover. The lower 4 edges are embedded into foundation rails (4). Flat end walls (9) close off the interior. The cover can be lined with a layer of natural stone.

Description

The present invention relates to a set of prefabricated elements, in

  reinforced concrete principle, allowing, by assembly,

make vaulted cellars.

  Until now, the construction of cellars was done by hand

  shot, directly on the ground, using summary materials, and, most

  often by local entrepreneurs.

  However, in an assignment of shelters intended to receive and protect people, prefabricated units meeting certain standards, in particular seismic, are offered to the public, but these productions are unrelated to what is expected of the cellars of

  winemaking, particularly in terms of cost.

  The patents FR 2,645,893 (1989), 2,663,660 (1990) and 2,711,162 (1993), as well as the patents WO 89/08179 and 94/26990, and, DE 3242080,

  are representative of the technique and the destination of these shelters.

  Other techniques, as described in patents EP 0,277,399 and US 3,282,056, are of design in relation to well-defined public works functions, not suitable for a cellar function. The set of prefabricated elements according to the invention allows easy and quick production, at low cost, of vaulted cellars with

  the old, suitable for receiving and enhancing the best wines.

  This prefabricated assembly, preferably made of reinforced concrete, comprises at this end curved elements arranged opposite, placed on the ground, by one of their ends and bearing to each other by their upper ends and practically elements planes closing the side faces, characterized in particular that the curved elements form, two by two, a portion of vault, partly of ovoid shape with rectilinear extensions placed on the ground on a foundation raft established beforehand, the most curved accentuated with each element being reinforced in thickness, the planar or practically planar elements being pressed against the lateral faces of the last curved elements in order to close the cellar room thus formed. One or more doors and openings are provided in the elements and / or in the planar or practically planar elements, extended by the clearances

  and usual arrangements near cellars.

  According to particular embodiments: - the part of ovoid shape of the curved elements can constitute the / 4 of an oval, an ellipse or a cycloide and be followed, from the minimum radius, by a straight pan whose end of a certain thickness is intended to bear on the ground on the foundation raft previously established, - the part reinforced by additional thickness can advantageously be made at constant thickness with ribs of good section placed on the back of the minimum curve, this section gradually decreasing in the direction of the ends, reserves being ensured to allow filling of concrete bonding, - the shape of the reinforced external part of each element can describe a curve more pinched than that of the internal form in order to be able to superimpose several curved elements on top of each other during transport, without the risk of cracking, - the underbase can be be provided with a recess with unequal edges, the lower edge being on the outside in order to force the internal condensations and the runoffs to be evacuated towards the outside, - the curved elements may have at their upper ends reserves provided safety fasteners to allow first of all a button fastening, then an easy concrete filling for permanent blocking, - certain curved elements can be provided with symmetrical clearances, provided with reinforcing ribs in order to arrange one or more doors access and ventilation openings, whose flanges allow the easy addition of chimneys, - the planar or practically planar elements can be in one or two pieces and also be provided with entry door and / or ventilation openings, - curved elements or practically flat elements may have, on the inside, a facing of natural stones, bricks or tou s other suitable materials capable of improving the aesthetics, - the connection fittings between the lateral faces of the elements and those of the practically flat elements can be advantageously improved by curved and straight embedding profiles ensuring limited covering of the lateral ends of the various elements, reserves allowing, moreover, to deposit a binder in order to block the constituents. The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention: - Figure 1 shows a partial and open perspective of the assembled prefabricated assembly, - Figure 2 shows, seen from the side, a bent element according to an alternative embodiment, - Figure 3 is a section, in AA, of this same variant, - Figure 4 is, as a variant and in perspective, a detail of arrangement and connection, - Figure 5 shows another variant of arrangement, in perspective, - Figure 6 is a perspective of two complementary variants, - FIG. 7 is a section in BB 'from the previous perspective,

  - Figure 8 shows, in perspective, a finishing detail.

  With reference to these drawings, and first of all to FIGS. 1 and 2, the set of prefabricated elements consists mainly of curved elements (1) which, as shown in FIG. 1, form, two by two, in being placed opposite, a portion of arch forming a half oval with straight extensions (2) whose ends (3) are

  placed on a slab (4) supposed to be built beforehand.

  Each of the curved elements (1) rest on each other by

  their upper ends (5), the junction (6) constituting the keystone.

  The mechanical forces being very significant at the level of the curve (7) most accentuated of the curved elements (1), the thickness (E) of the materials has been particularly increased at this point in order to constitute a real reinforcement, of which we will note the gradual decrease in direction

  ends (3) and (5) so as not to create new critical sections.

  These curved elements (1) are joined to each other, two by two, by their lateral faces (8), thus providing a floor area in relation

  with the number of elements used.

  Planar elements (9), or practically planar, are pressed against the lateral faces (8) of the last curved elements (10) so as to close

  the assembly thus constituted and allow backfilling.

  An access door (11) can preferably be arranged in one of the planar elements (9), and, in the curved elements (1) one or more openings (12) constituting, after backfilling, what is called

commonly air vents.

  The inner curve of each curved element (1) preferably describes a quarter of an oval, ellipse or cycloid, and the extensions (2) arise in tangency from the curve of minimum radius (R) and form sections of wall practically perpendicular to the ground plane XX defined by the base slab (4) on which the ends (3)

take support.

  Two curved elements (1), placed opposite, are thus brought to produce a half-oval, a half-ellispe or a half-cycloide, the extensions (2) being assumed, on the inside, substantially parallel

between them.

  In order to minimize the weight of the curved elements (1), it is advantageous to make them of uniform thickness by providing them with reinforcing ribs (13) of good cross-section, as well as in

  the first variant, towards the ends (3) and (5).

  FIG. 3, which is a section in AA of the variant with reinforcing ribs (13), makes the form of structure thus created more evident, each rib (13), preferably of trapezoidal section, approaching the lateral faces (8) in leaving however a reserve clearance (14) in order to

  allow blocking filling with bonding concrete.

  Two reinforcing ribs (13) are shown on each element but their number is not limited, given the widths which can be

  envisaged for the curved elements (1).

  Furthermore, taking into account the weight but above all the surface occupied by the curved elements (1) during transport, the external curve (15) has advantageously been provided substantially more pinched than the internal curve of minimum radius (R) so that one cannot force the curved elements (1) by separation, by superimposing them, and causing

cracking or breaking.

  In a variant, briefly represented in FIG. 3, the

  curved elements (1) and the practically planar elements (9) are placed on a base slab (4) with uneven edges (16) and (17), the lower edge (16) being placed outside, in order to force condensations and runoffs to drain outwards, the outside being by

  definition opposite to the concave enclosure.

  In order to minimize the risk of slipping and of accident during the assembly of the curved elements (1), safety fasteners (18) (FIG. 4) have been embedded in the thickness of the constituent material, thus allowing, to using bolts (19), to punctually link each bay as and when they are installed, reserve clearances (20) allowing,

  in addition, access and filling by concrete for final connection.

  In order to limit the number of drawings, there is also shown in this FIG. 4 an alternative embodiment of the ventilation openings (12) which are extended by flanges (21) intended in particular to avoid runoff inside and bring a greater ease of adaptation of

extension elements.

  Figure 5 is representative of a variant construction of

  certain curved elements (1) where the door (22) is arranged halfway

  width, by clearances in symmetry of the two curved elements (23) and (24) whose reinforcements (25) and (26) allow the preservation of a good

mechanical resistance.

  According to a variant not shown, in order to limit the weight of the elements, the planar elements (9) can be delivered in two pieces, to be assembled to close each end of the curved formation, one or the other of these two rooms can be provided with an access door, or, each cleared in symmetry in order to have this door in the middle position. A particularly interesting variant concerns the internal facing, two versions of which are illustrated in FIG. 6, the facing (27) being presented partially in perspective in order to simplify the diagram, constructed using natural stones, imitation wall, the depth of these stones being assumed to be modest, so as not to weaken the thickness of the support, in

principle, of reinforced concrete.

  You can also use the brick facing version (28), but these two versions are not limiting; we can consider facing

  sand, more or less coarse, or other suitable materials.

  Finally, in order to avoid the unsightly appearance of the stones, when bringing the lateral ends of the curved elements closer together, provision has been made, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, for embedding profiles (29) with recesses (30) and (31), curved or straight, in order to cover the angles of the lateral ends, curved elements (1) and, elements

  plans (9), if necessary, in the case of two-piece variants.

  Provision has been made, as shown in FIG. 8, for filling all the reserves (20) and external recesses so as to intimately link the various elements together and, thus, to obtain an assembly of great solidity. The various elements of this prefabricated assembly are preferably made of concrete using different formwork adapted to this inexpensive material, but this choice is not exclusive, it is possible to envisage more insulating solutions, more especially light.

The installation is quite easy.

  We assume the base (4) already made several days ago and having good embedding characteristics, so that we can present the first curved element (1) and introduce its lower end (3) in said embedding (32 ) of the base

(figure 2).

  After having placed the upper end (5) on a suitable and adjustable support, at a level substantially in relation to the final situation, we present, opposite, another curved element (1) then we lower or raise the two upper ends of the bent elements until

that they can coincide.

  Then tie the clamps (18) together with bolts (19) then repeat the previous operations until all are in place

  the curved elements (1) provided.

  The planar elements (9) are finally placed on the lateral faces (8) of the last curved elements (10) and the different elements are blocked together, then after fitting the door (s) and

  ventilation outlets, we backfill.

Claims (7)

  1 / Set of prefabricated elements allowing, by assembly, to produce vaulted cellars and comprising curved elements arranged opposite, placed on the ground on one of their ends and bearing to each other by their ends upper, practically planar elements closing the lateral faces, characterized in that the curved elements (1) form, two by two, a portion of arch, partly ovoid in shape with straight extensions (2) placed on the floor on a raft ( 4) basement established beforehand, the most accentuated curve (7) of each curved element (1) being reinforced in thickness, the practically planar elements (9) pressing against the two lateral faces (8) of the last curved elements (10 ) in order to close the room thus formed, one or more doors (11) and openings (12) being provided in the curved elements (1) and the practically flat elements (9), extended by clearances and   usual arrangements near cellars.   2 / set of prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the ovoid part of the curved elements (1) constitutes the '/ 4 of an oval, an ellipse or a cycloide, followed from the radius minimum (R) of a straight section (2) whose end (3) of a certain thickness is intended to bear on the ground on the raft (4) of   basement previously established.   3 / set of prefabricated elements according to claims 1 and   2, characterized in that the reinforced part (7) is made at constant thickness, with ribs (13) of good section placed at the back of the curve, this section gradually decreasing towards the ends (3) and (5 ), reserves (14) being ensured, moreover, for   allow concrete filling for bonding.   4 / Set of prefabricated elements according to any one of   previous claims, characterized in that the shape of the part   reinforced exterior, or having reinforcements, describes a curve (15) more pinched than that of the interior shape, of radius (R), in order to be able to superimpose several curved elements (1) one on the other during transport,   without risk of cracking or breaking.   / Set of prefabricated elements according to claims 1 and   2, characterized in that the base raft (4) is provided with uneven edges (16) and (17), the lower edge (16) being on the outside in order to allow internal condensations and runoffs to be evacuated outwards.   6 / set of prefabricated elements according to claims 1, 2   and 3, characterized in that the curved elements (1) have at their upper ends (5) reserves (20) provided with safety fasteners (18) in order to allow a button fastening then, an easy concrete filling for blocking final   7 / set of prefabricated elements according to claims 1, 3   and 4 characterized in that certain curved elements (23) and (24) are provided with symmetrical recesses, provided with reinforcing ribs (25) and (26) in order to arrange one or more access doors (22) and ventilation openings (12) including flanges (21) allow the easy addition of chimneys. 8 / assembly of prefabricated elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the planar or practically planar elements (9) are in one or two pieces and are also provided with access door (11) and (or) ventilation openings (12).   9 / Set of prefabricated elements according to the set of   previous claims, characterized in that the curved elements (1) and   the planar (9) or practically planar elements have on the inside a facing of natural stones (27), bricks (28) or any other   adequate materials likely to improve aesthetics.   / Set of prefabricated elements according to all   previous claims, characterized in that the connection fittings   between the lateral faces (8) of the curved elements (1) as well as those of the planar elements (9) are improved by profiles (29) with recesses (30) and (31) curved and straight, ensuring limited overlap of the lateral ends different elements (1) and (9), reservations allowing by   elsewhere to deposit a binder in order to block the constituents.