FR2849077A1 - Prefabricated modular wine cellar has side walls with integral ventilators and compartments for bottles - Google Patents

Abstract

A wine cellar (1), designed to be set at least partly underground, is made from prefabricated reinforced cast concrete modules comprising at least two vertical parallelpiped side walls (2), at least one end wall (3) and a roof (4) fixed to the side walls. The wine cellar (1), designed to be set at least partly underground, is made from prefabricated reinforced cast concrete modules comprising at least two vertical parallelpiped side walls (2), at least one end wall (3) and a roof (4) fixed to the side walls. At least one of the side walls has integral ventilators (32, 34) linked to the outside air, and shelves (17) forming compartments for bottles. The roof module is curved and vaulted, and the inner surfaces of all the modules are lined with cut stone tiles (14) integrated in the castings, with gaps between the tiles being filled with a mastic adhesive.

Description

i

  The present invention relates to a modular underground or semi-underground wine cellar, made from prefabricated modules.

  In the field of wine cellars, some old houses have their own buried wine cellars, built at the same time as the main house. Such cellars are renowned for their remarkable ability to preserve and enhance wine. the fact that these cellars are buried or semi-buried is an essential factor in guaranteeing excellent conditions of conservation and aging of the wine. Thus, the temperature stability, that is to say the maintenance of the temperature at a value noticeably constant whatever the weather conditions outside - the degree of hygrometry, the capacity of ventilation and therefore of air renewal, the darkness which reigns there, as well as the protection against vibrations, make these cellars are a reference for wine specialists.

  Unfortunately, recent dwellings no longer have such cellars Given their high manufacturing cost, solutions have been proposed to provide the most economical cellars possible to manufacture and install on already built land.

  Patent application FR 2 775 997 in particular describes a modular wine cellar, consisting of sections each comprising two modules arranged face to face. The modules are prefabricated in reinforced concrete, each module having a curved shape, two modules leaning against each other. 'to each other face to face to form the walls and the vote of a section of cellar.

  If the assembly described in this document makes it possible to make a semi-buried or buried cellar to back up to a pre-existing dwelling, the fact remains that it does not in itself have any means for storing bottles, nor a system integrated ventilation or lighting All these arrangements must be installed after the 30 cellar modules have been assembled. This implies a relatively long construction period, which increases the overall cost of the cellar for the end user. joint between two modules constituting a section of the cellar being placed at the location of the voting key, the risks of cracks and water infiltration when the cellar is buried, are significant Finally, the cellar is equipped with air vents which implies a particular finish of the cellar if it must be buried It is then indeed necessary to build masonry conduits connecting each opening of the basement window hant in the cellar, in the open air Such a finish further increases the time of construction of the cellar, and the overall cost thereof.

  An alternative to the cellar system described above has been proposed, which provides the user with a buried cellar having, in itself, all the arrangements for storing the bottles, and ensuring ventilation of the cellar. cellars have the shape of a concrete cylinder forming a well to be buried in the ground, comprising in the middle a spiral staircase whose axis is coincident with the axis of revolution of the well The internal walls of the well are coated with bottle racks.

  Several forms of construction of the well have been proposed, which include, for example sections to be superimposed. The ventilation is carried out by a controlled mechanical ventilation device (VMC), most often comprising a forced ventilation group, and a network of pipes. ventilation arranged to the bottom of the well Access is from ground level by a hatch which, when opened, gives direct access to the spiral staircase sinking into the ground.

  In the case of implantations in poorly drained or sloping ground, if a flooding of the well is to be feared, a plastic film is placed at the bottom of the excavation intended to receive the well, a film whose walls rise up to At ground level However, such a method has the disadvantage that in the event of tearing of the film, it is necessary to dismantle the cellar well completely, remove the torn film and replace it, then replace the cellar.

  Furthermore, such buried cellars have the major disadvantage of their difficulty of access, and their high manufacturing and installation costs.

  The main objectives of the present invention are therefore to provide a wine cellar formed from prefabricated modules, allowing the simplest and quickest installation possible, and at the lowest possible cost. The cellar obtained must also allow conservation and optimal aging of the wine.

  These objectives are achieved with a modular wine cellar 35 intended to be at least partially buried, produced from prefabricated modules of reinforced concrete, said modules comprising at least two parallelepipedal vertical side walls, at least one bottom wall, and a ceiling element fixed on the upper edges of the side walls.

  More particularly, the wine cellar according to the invention is characterized in that at least the side walls have integrated arrangements forming bottle racks, and / or integrated means of ventilating the cellar, fully formed with the modules .

  Such a structure of the constituent modules of the cellar, which include bottle racks and a ventilation network in an integrated manner, allow installation of the cellar very quickly, without the need to intervene after assembly for any finish: as soon as the assembly of the modules and the connection of the ventilation pipes and lighting ducts is completed, the cellar is ready for use.

  This makes it possible to provide a very high quality wine cellar, assembled in record time, and at a lower cost.

  Preferably, the ceiling element is a curved element forming a vote. Such a vote, in addition to its aesthetic appearance, brings great resistance to the cellar ceiling, and improves the habitability of the cellar.

  Possibly the upper surface of the vote can be flat 20 which increases the thickness of insulating concrete above the cellar, and therefore the coefficient of thermal insulation In this case where the thickness of the vote is increased, we can then plan to integrate into the thickness of said vote a prefabricated coil of copper or plastic tube, of the type used for heated floors in residential houses 25 input / output connections will then be provided for connection by example of an outside water supply to the main building Thus in summer, during periods of strong sunshine, it will be possible to refresh the vault of the cellar, thus preserving the thermal stability inside the latter. Advantageously, the interior surfaces of the prefabricated modules are entirely covered with chiseled and bush hammered stones, integrated during the manufacturing by molding of said modules.

  At least a portion of the gap between two adjacent stones is filled with a sealant sealant, of the type putty based on polyurethane. It has been discovered that such a sealant sealant, even if it occupies only 'a portion of the gap between two adjacent stones, makes it possible to reinforce in an extremely important way the adhesion between these two stones In addition and especially, such a joint makes it possible to absorb the vibrations and micro-deformations between the stones, avoiding cracks which could lead to loosening of the stones In addition to the putty, 5 other materials making it possible to make an adhesive joint between two stones with elasticity properties, can be used.

  The side and bottom walls are preferably placed on a compacted gravel sole. This makes it possible to maintain thermal and hygrometric exchanges between the air contained in the cellar and the ground, as is the case in old cellars. It has been shown that such exchanges make it possible to reach the ideal temperature and humidity conditions in the cellar. In addition, the cellar modules resting directly on a compacted gravel sole, a relatively flexible material - vibrations can propagate in the cellar structure 15 are absorbed, unlike cellars whose walls rest on a reinforced concrete floor.

  Advantageously, the ventilation means comprise a network of air inlet pipes, and a network of air outlet pipes, these pipes comprising a first portion integrated into the thickness of the modules, giving access to the interior. of the cellar by ventilation outlets, and a second portion of buried piping, giving access to the open air. So, during the assembly of the cellar, it is enough to assemble the modules to each other, and to connect the outputs ventilation ducts integrated into the walls, in the open air, via connection pipes which are then buried during backfilling This operation is simple, does not require any particular workforce, and therefore makes it possible to conserve the costs of mounting the cellar at the lowest possible level To stabilize the ventilation flow and ensure constant air renewal in the cellar, a 30 VMC (Controlled Mechanical Ventilation) unit ) can possibly be installed outside the cellar and connected to the network of ventilation ducts of the modules.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the cellar modules comprises a network of cables allowing the lighting of the cellar, said network being integrated in the thickness of the walls of the corresponding module.

  The network of cables allowing the lighting of the cellar can include electrical and / or optical fibers. A major advantage of lighting by optical fibers lies in the fact that it is a cold light: the light generator preferably placed at a distance from the cellar, for example inside the basements of the main house to which the cellar is attached -, and the ends of the fibers opening into the cellar provide sufficient lighting without providing calories inside the cellar This avoids an excessive rise in temperature inside the cellar, thus contributing to the conservation and aging of the wine under optimal conditions.

  Preferably, each cellar module comprises at least one device, of the sealed anchor type, allowing it to be lifted by a crane, during the demolding operations of the modules, then of their assembly.

  Finally, the wine cellar according to the invention preferably comprises a well dug in the gravel hearth, in which a lifting pump is arranged. Such a well equipped with a pump allows if necessary to evacuate too much water.

  In any case, the invention will be clearly understood, with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawing representing, by way of nonlimiting example, an embodiment of a wine cellar according to the invention .

  Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view, partially cut away. Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a detail of assembly of a side wall with a bottom wall.

  Figure 3 is a top view in section along 111-111 of Figure 2, showing the assembly of a side wall with a bottom wall.

  Figure 4 is a side view in section on IV-IV of Figure 1, 30 showing the cellar according to the invention partially buried.

  Figure 5 is a side view in section along V-V of Figure 1, showing a detail of the arrangement of the ventilation ducts in the thickness of the side walls.

  Figure 6 is a side sectional view along line VI-VI of Figure 1, 35 showing a detail of the arrangement of the lighting cables in the thickness of the side walls.

  Figure 7 is a top view in section along VII-VII of Figure 1, showing the direct adjoining of a cellar according to the invention to a pre-existing building. Figure 8 is a partial top view, in section, showing the association of a cellar according to the invention with a pre-existing building via a cellar entrance wall provided with a door connecting the cellar to the main building.

  Figure 9 is a partial top view, in section, of a side wall, showing the frames and ventilation ducts 10 arranged in the thickness of the wall.

  Figure 10 is a partial side view, in section, of the voted ceiling. Figure 11 is a schematic top view showing the association of several pairs of side walls put end to end to increase the length of the cellar.

  Figure 1 shows a wine cellar 1 according to the invention, in partial exploded perspective The cellar is formed of prefabricated modules, comprising two side walls 2 (only one shown in Figure 1) 20 arranged vertically face to face, at least one bottom wall 3, and a ceiling element 4, preferably curved to form a vote, as illustrated in FIG. 1.

  As illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 4, the upper part 5 of the vote can be flat. The thickness of insulating concrete is thus increased. The specific formulation of lightened concrete described below allows the entire construction to withstand the increased weight of the vote 4 The upper cap is then made of insulating material and very thick, thus increasing the coefficient of thermal resistance.

  In a first configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 7, the cellar comprises, in addition to the side walls 2 and the vote 4, only a bottom wall 3, the inlet wall 7 of the cellar being produced by the wall 6 of the pre-existing building, said wall being dressed in stones -, to which the cellar is attached, as is more precisely illustrated in Figure 7.

  In a second alternative configuration, the cellar can be detached from the wall 6 of the pre-existing building with which it is associated, as illustrated in FIG. 8 In this case, an entry wall 7 completes the cellar already formed with the side walls 2 , of vote 4 and of the bottom wall 3 This inlet wall 7 is provided with an opening 8 which can receive a door block 9 forming an airlock with the main building.

  The advantages of such an inlet wall 7 are multiple.

  First, the offset of the wall avoids compressing a drain placed on the foundation sole.

  Then, the connections with the outside of the technical ducts integrated into the modules (the ventilation ducts as well as the lighting cables) can be judiciously arranged in the space 10 comprised between the entry wall 7 of the cellar and the wall of the main building to which it is attached, as shown in Figure 8.

  Then, such an entry wall 7 avoids having to execute a finish in facing stones at the portions 10 of the wall of the main building common with the cellar (see FIG. 7) The costs and 15 installation times of the cellar 1 are thus further reduced.

  Finally, the door block 9 forming an entrance airlock, by its depth, provides sufficient clearance to be able to orient the cellar door opening towards the interior of the latter, as illustrated in FIG. 8, without that the open door does not penalize the habitability of the cellar.

  In what follows, and for clarity, we will stick to the embodiment of the invention according to the first configuration described above.

  Each of the modules is prefabricated, made of reinforced concrete and then poured.

  The reinforcements 12 of the walls are illustrated in FIG. 9, and the reinforcements 25 13 of the vote are represented in FIG. 10 The concrete used is a lightened concrete, not frost-resistant, with a density of the order of 0 9 Such a density increases the insulation coefficient compared to an untreated concrete In addition, a treatment on the external surface of the concrete surface of the modules in contact with the embankment is carried out by mineralization Such a treatment is carried out by covering the concrete after molding, of a vitrifying product This makes it possible to achieve a deep sealing of the concrete, while retaining a certain degree of porosity to the concrete and to the facing stones described below, in order to ensure hygrometric exchanges between the interior of the cellar and the surrounding land.

  In addition, as shown in the drawing, in particular in Figures 1, and 1 1, the interior walls of the modules are covered with stones 14 for example bushhammered and chiseled Burgundy stones, which are an integral part of the modules, because assembled in the mold , during the manufacture of each module, as will be explained in more detail below.

  Between the facing stones 14 is arranged an expansion joint 15, or anti-vibration joint, shown for example in FIG. 10.

  This seal, of the sealant-seal type, not only ensures excellent retention of the stones 14 with one another and with the concrete forming the module, but also constitutes an element for absorbing vibrations 10 and deformation forces between stones This reduces the risk of loosening stones.

  Each of the side walls 2 comprises, in its thickness, racks 16 for storing bottles. These racks 16 have shelves 17 in stone, and are aligned one above the other to form columns of racks. Each module has several columns of lockers as illustrated in FIG. 1 Between two columns of lockers, the module comprises a reinforced reinforcement pillar 18, in which possibly pass ventilation ducts, and / or lighting cables as will be explained in detail below. shelves 17 20 have a depth at least equal to the depth of a bottle of wine of 0 751, allowing a simple stacking of bottles, or head-to-tail (the latter configuration increasing the storage capacity of the cellar) The racks 16 have of a deeper shelf, which is the lower shelf 19, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4 This deeper shelf 19 makes it possible to store bottles es of larger size Magnums, Jeroboams, Rehoboams, Mathusalems, Salmanazars, Balthazars or Nabuchodonosors - Due to the presence of compartments 16 integrated in the side walls 2, the thickness of said walls is locally reduced at certain points 20 as shown in section in FIGS. 4 or 7 At these points 20, the thickness of which can be less than 45 mm, the thermal and hygrometric exchanges through the walls of the cellar are improved In addition, at this depth, the temperature of the surrounding earth the cellar is very stable whatever the seasons and therefore acts as a thermal buffer, further improving the quality of preservation of the wine.

  The connection of the different modules is carried out in two complementary ways. A first type of connection of the modules, represented in FIGS. 2 and 3, consists of a mechanical connection. The vertical edges 21 of the 5 side walls 2 and of the bottom wall 3 (and possibly of the inlet wall 7) are provided notches 22 (or reserves), offset from each other in a vertical plane, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

  A notch 22 is placed along the vertical edge 21 of a first wall so as to be opposite a nut embedded 23 in the edge of a second wall to be joined to the first wall, and vice versa.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the first wall is assembled to the second wall by means of a screw 24, the head of which locks against a retaining plate 25 disposed across the notch 22 of said first wall, the screw 24 being screwed into the nut embedded 23 in the edge 15 of the second wall.

  In the same way, the second wall is assembled to the first wall by means of a screw 24, the head of which locks against a retaining plate 25 disposed across the notch 22 of said second wall, the screw 24 being screwed into the nut embedded 23 in the edge of the first wall This second system is offset vertically along the adjacent edges of the two walls, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the size of the reserve 22 is much greater than the diameter of the screw 24, which allows dimensional flexibility during the assembly and the positioning of the modules relative to one another.

  A second type of connection, not illustrated in the drawing, consists, when the mechanical connection has been made, of carrying out an assembly finish by a seal between the two assembled walls, using rebates and dry joints in elastomer, supplemented on the 30 horizontal interfaces between two modules, by an elastomeric dry seal and possibly a sealing sealant This sealing is carried out at all the interfaces present between the different modules constituting the cellar, that is to say the side walls 2, the bottom 3 and inlet walls (if the latter is present), and the vote 4.

  As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the cellar vote 4 assembled last, after the side walls 2, bottom wall 3, and possibly the inlet wall 7 have been positioned and assembled together is positioned on the upper edges side walls 2, so that the facing stones of the vote 4 are not in contact either with the facing stones of the side walls 2, or with the upper edge 5 of the latter The interstice 26 thus created is filled with a sand joint (not shown in the drawing).

  The walls of the cellar are intended to be positioned on a compacted gravel sole, as illustrated in FIG. 4 This sole comprises three layers The upper layer 27 visible when one is in the cellar is made of round gravel , of small grain size (diameter less than 10 mm) This gravel is washed, so as to rid it of fines which could make the soil too wet and dirty by capillary surges The intermediate layer 28 is made of crushed gravel of the "all-round" type "with a grain size greater than 10 15 mm, which is packed to be compacted. This middle layer 28 acts as a drain, and is connected to a reserve of gravel situated on the perimeter of the cellar, below the level of the cellar floor, which plays the role of perimeter drain of the cellar, which is connected to the perimeter drain of the main building to which the cellar is attached (not illustrated in the drawing) Finally, the lower layer 20 érieure 29 layer in contact with the earth consists of a geotextile film which prevents mixing between the gravel of the middle layer and the underlying earth.

  Thus, the absence of a footing, base, or sole in concrete or other hard material, reduces the installation time and the necessary material, but above all allows a transfer of moisture into the floor of the cellar, as well as a drainage of runoff towards the perimeter drainage in the cellar, when water has accumulated in the middle layer.

  The cellar is ventilated using ducts 30 or air inlet ducts, and air outlet ducts These 30 ducts 30 are integrated into the thickness of the walls during the manufacture of the latter, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 9, so that the installation of the walls simultaneously performs the installation of air inlets in the cellar.

  The connection of the air inlet and outlet conduits 30 with the exterior is carried out by tubes 31 of the plastic type (PVC (polyvinyl chloride) for example), which are connected to the outlets 32 and integrated conduits. , and which go up in the backfill soil, up to the open air At this level, air bags (not shown) or similar devices are adapted to allow the entry or exit of air and simultaneously prevent infiltration of 'water.

  In the cellar, the air inlets and outlets are positioned at the level of the pillars 18 located between the columns of lockers, each inlet / outlet, opening into an access point 33 located behind a facing stone specially cut for this purpose with a notch 34 in its rear part, so that the air flow is directed in a plane parallel to the wall 2 Such access points 33 are located at the top and bottom of the central pillars 18 of each wall, as shown in Figure 1.

  As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 6, the lighting of the cellar is carried out using fiber optic cabling 35 integrated in sheaths embedded in the mass of concrete constituting the modules, in particular the side walls 2 A light generator (not illustrated in the drawing) is placed outside the cellar, for example in a technical room located at the level of the embankment, or better still, inside the main building to which the cellar is attached The connection between the cables integrated into the modules and the light generator is made through an outlet 36 of waterproof sheathed cable 20.

  Inside the cellar, the ends 38 of the optical fibers are integrated into an illuminating stone 39, so that the light beam is directed towards the vote 4, thus obtaining a more comfortable indirect lighting for the people present in the cellar .

  Fiber optic lighting is particularly advantageous in that it produces very little ultraviolet or infrared radiation, and above all in that it constitutes a source of cold light. Thus, no additional calories are provided to the cellar atmosphere, apart from those produced by people By reducing the calorific intake, the temperature level is kept as constant as possible, and the conditions for storing the wine are optimal.

  The manufacture of the wall and vote modules 4 is carried out using formwork 40, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 The stages of manufacture are in order: optional removal of a film at the bottom of the formwork to aid in the demoulding, then depositing facing stones, as well as stones forming the future racks 16, future visible face in contact with the formwork, making the joints of mastic-glue between the stones, then placing reinforcing bars and lifting anchors 41, as well as lighting ducts and ventilation ducts Finally, the concrete is poured so as to cover the whole, with the exception of the lifting anchor (s) 41.

  As regards the facing stones placed in front of the pillars 18 of the side walls 2, as illustrated in FIG. 9, it is possible to place them at the same time as the other stones, or alternatively, to fix to the bottom of the formwork a reserve insert 42, the latter being, after demolding, replaced by a real facing stone. While having tried, in the foregoing description, to draw attention to the features of the invention deemed to be of particular importance, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above , but on the contrary embraces all variants. It is thus, in particular that the modular structure of the cellar according to the invention, makes it possible to envisage the production of cellars of different shapes and surfaces. Thus, it is possible to envisage associating several pairs of side walls 2, each pair being capped with a ceiling one behind the other, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 11, so as to increase the total length of the cellar obtained.

  Also, it is possible to envisage the formation of a cross vote 4, making it possible to produce L or T joints, or a combination of these basic plans, in order to produce complex cellar plans.

  Finally, when the cellar according to the invention is semi-buried, one can envisage the adaptation of a shelter from the emerging portion of the cellar. Such a shelter, in addition to its own functionality, makes it possible to thermally insulate the upper surface of the cellar vote 4 and the vertical perimeter parts, in particular by producing a screen against solar radiation. The insulation can be reinforced by placing a polyurethane-type insulator under the floor covering the vote.

  Thus, such an extension of the cellar contributes to maintaining the temperature and the degree of hygrometry inside the cellar, effectively participating in the good conservation of the wine.

Claims (9)

  1 modular wine cellar (1) intended to be at least partially buried, made from prefabricated reinforced concrete modules, 5 said modules comprising at least two side walls (2) vertical parallelepiped, at least one bottom wall ( 3), a ceiling element (4) fixed on the upper edges of the side walls, characterized in that at least the side walls have integrated means (30, 32, 33, 34) of ventilation of the cellar with modules.   2 wine cellar (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the side walls have integrated arrangements forming bottle racks (16).   3 wine cellar (1) according to claim I or 2, characterized in that the ceiling element (4) is a curved element forming vote.   4 wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims I or 3, characterized in that the interior surfaces of the prefabricated modules 20 are entirely covered with stones (14) chiseled and bush hammered, integrated during the manufacturing by molding of said modules .   Wine cellar (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that at least a portion of the gap between two adjacent stones is filled with a sealant (15) of adhesive sealant, of the polyurethane-based sealant type. 6 wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims I to 5, characterized in that the side walls (2) and bottom (3), are arranged on a hearth (27, 28, 29) comprising compacted gravel.   7 wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ventilation means (30, 32, 33, 34) comprise a network of pipes (30, 31) inlet air and air outlet, these 35 pipes (30, 31) comprising a first portion (30) integrated into the thickness of the modules, giving access to the interior of the cellar by ventilation openings (33), and a second portion (31) of buried pipes, giving access to the open air.   8 wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, 5 characterized in that at least one of the cellar modules comprises a network of cables (35) allowing the lighting of the cellar; said network being integrated into the thickness of the walls of said module.   9 wine cellar (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the network of cables (35) allowing the lighting of the cellar comprises electrical and / or optical fibers.   Wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each cellar module comprises at least one device (41), of the sealed anchor type, allowing it to be lifted by a crane.   11 wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a well dug in the gravel sole, in which is disposed a lifting pump.   12 wine cellar (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a prefabricated thermal stabilization coil integrated into the thickness of the vote, said coil being provided with inlet fittings / outlet for connection to an external water supply 25 to the main building