FR2484420A1 - Procede ameliore pour la polymerisation en suspension de chlorure de vinyle - Google Patents
Procede ameliore pour la polymerisation en suspension de chlorure de vinyle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2484420A1 FR2484420A1 FR8111724A FR8111724A FR2484420A1 FR 2484420 A1 FR2484420 A1 FR 2484420A1 FR 8111724 A FR8111724 A FR 8111724A FR 8111724 A FR8111724 A FR 8111724A FR 2484420 A1 FR2484420 A1 FR 2484420A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- mixture
- temperature
- monomer
- introduction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 diethoxyethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FABAOYOFJNAVHB-KVVVOXFISA-N (z)-octadec-9-enoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O FABAOYOFJNAVHB-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHBWGXDQIOWTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCC(C)C#N FHBWGXDQIOWTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTANHMOFHGSZQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CC(C)C#N RTANHMOFHGSZQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLWNPYNZLCQESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethoxyethyl) carbonate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(=O)OCCOCC BLWNPYNZLCQESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWINGZLCRSDKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxycarbonyloxy ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCC CWINGZLCRSDKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8114980A JPS575704A (en) | 1980-06-16 | 1980-06-16 | Suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2484420A1 true FR2484420A1 (fr) | 1981-12-18 |
| FR2484420B1 FR2484420B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1983-04-15 |
Family
ID=13738367
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8111724A Granted FR2484420A1 (fr) | 1980-06-16 | 1981-06-15 | Procede ameliore pour la polymerisation en suspension de chlorure de vinyle |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS575704A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE889218A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE3123015A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2484420A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB2078237B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IT (1) | IT1137251B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR8402292A (pt) * | 1983-06-23 | 1985-04-02 | Occidental Chem Co | Processo e produto de polimerizacao em suspensao de cloreto de polivinila |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3451985A (en) * | 1964-03-26 | 1969-06-24 | Monsanto Co | Method of polymerizing vinyl monomers |
| DE2212962C2 (de) * | 1972-03-17 | 1985-01-24 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Vinylchlorid in wäßriger Suspension |
| DE2442574A1 (de) * | 1974-09-05 | 1976-03-25 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyvinylchlorid unter vermeiden von vinylchlorid-emissionen durch diskontinuierliche polymerisation in suspension |
| DE2458024B2 (de) * | 1974-12-07 | 1979-10-04 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur wäßrigen Suspensionspolymerisation von Vinylchlorid |
| CH611632A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1975-02-13 | 1979-06-15 | Solvay | |
| DE2639343A1 (de) * | 1976-09-01 | 1978-03-02 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von krustenarmen polymerisaten des vinylchlorids mit poroesem korn |
-
1980
- 1980-06-16 JP JP8114980A patent/JPS575704A/ja active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-06-10 DE DE19813123015 patent/DE3123015A1/de active Granted
- 1981-06-11 IT IT22256/81A patent/IT1137251B/it active
- 1981-06-12 GB GB8118207A patent/GB2078237B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-15 BE BE889218A patent/BE889218A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-06-15 FR FR8111724A patent/FR2484420A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3123015A1 (de) | 1982-04-22 |
| GB2078237B (en) | 1984-07-25 |
| IT1137251B (it) | 1986-09-03 |
| GB2078237A (en) | 1982-01-06 |
| DE3123015C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-11-05 |
| FR2484420B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1983-04-15 |
| JPS6239601B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-08-24 |
| JPS575704A (en) | 1982-01-12 |
| IT8122256A0 (it) | 1981-06-11 |
| BE889218A (fr) | 1981-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4080211A (en) | Polymerization of monomeric color couplets | |
| US4130523A (en) | High solids latexes | |
| CA1332489C (fr) | Copolymere heterogene de fluorure de vinylidene et de chlorotrifluoroethylene - procede de fabrication du copolymere heterogene | |
| DE1900112A1 (de) | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren | |
| FR2624869A1 (fr) | Particules vesiculaires de polymere et leur preparation | |
| FR2816950A1 (fr) | Procede d'obtention d'un latex photochromique | |
| US4981907A (en) | Process for the preparation of an acrylate-vinyl chloride graft polymer | |
| EP0000083A1 (fr) | Utilisation de poudres de polymères du chlorure de vinyle pour la fabrication de séparateurs de batteries | |
| FR2484420A1 (fr) | Procede ameliore pour la polymerisation en suspension de chlorure de vinyle | |
| EP0281210A2 (en) | Process for preparing vinyl chloride polymer | |
| EP0810241A1 (fr) | Latex bipopulé de copolymères du chlorure de vinyle, son procédé de fabrication et ses applications | |
| EP0000462B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de copolymères greffés par polymérisation-greffage en émulsion-suspension | |
| CA2208044A1 (fr) | Latex a base de copolymeres du chlorure de vinyle de structure particuliere, son procede de fabrication et ses applications | |
| JPH03166205A (ja) | 塩素化塩化ビニルポリマーの製造方法 | |
| JPS608305A (ja) | 新規なポリ塩化ビニル懸濁重合法およびその生成物 | |
| US4732954A (en) | Novel polyvinyl chloride suspension polymerization process and product having improved plasticizer absorption | |
| US4072640A (en) | Copolymerization of vinyl monomers with cellulose and starch in copper ammonium solutions | |
| EP0270436B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation en microsuspension ensemencée d'homo- et copolymères du chlorure de vinyle | |
| US4732953A (en) | Novel polyvinyl chloride suspension polymerization process and product having improved plasticizer absorption | |
| FR2604178A1 (fr) | Procede pour la fabrication de polymeres d'halogenures de vinyle modifies par des polymeres de composes heterocycliques oxygenes | |
| FR2467860A1 (fr) | Procede pour la preparation de resines de chlorure de vinyle par polymerisation en suspension | |
| NO150516B (no) | Fremgangsmaate for polymerisasjon av vinylklorid | |
| FR2511008A1 (fr) | Procede de preparation de latex de polymeres d'acetate de vinyle | |
| EP0391455B1 (fr) | Procédé pour la fabrication de polymères du chlorure de vinyle modifiés par des polymères de lactones et nouveaux polymères du chlorure de vinyle modifiés par des polymères de lactones | |
| US4060677A (en) | Process for molecular weight lowering of vinyl halide polymers employing saturated carbon to carbon bonded aldehydes |