FR2393015A1 - Membrane echangeuse de cations en polymere fluore, contenant des fibrilles de polytetrafluoroethylene destinee a l'electrolyse et preparation de cette membrane - Google Patents
Membrane echangeuse de cations en polymere fluore, contenant des fibrilles de polytetrafluoroethylene destinee a l'electrolyse et preparation de cette membraneInfo
- Publication number
- FR2393015A1 FR2393015A1 FR7815327A FR7815327A FR2393015A1 FR 2393015 A1 FR2393015 A1 FR 2393015A1 FR 7815327 A FR7815327 A FR 7815327A FR 7815327 A FR7815327 A FR 7815327A FR 2393015 A1 FR2393015 A1 FR 2393015A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- electrolysis
- preparation
- intended
- fibrilles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- -1 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE Polymers 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
a. Membrane échangeuse de cations en polymère fluoré, contenant des fibrilles de polytétrafluoroéthylène, destinée à l'électrolyse et préparation de cette membrane. b. On forme une membrane échangeuse de cations en incorporant des fibrilles de polytétrafluoroéthylène dans une résine échangeuse de cations en polymère fluoré qui comporte des groupes acides carboxyliques ou des groupes fonctionnels transformables en groupes acides carboxyliques. c. Membrane possédant d'excellentes propriétés électrochimiques et mécaniques, trouvant son application dans la production de soude et de chlore.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6490077A JPS53149881A (en) | 1977-06-03 | 1977-06-03 | Strengthened cation exchange resin membrane and production thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2393015A1 true FR2393015A1 (fr) | 1978-12-29 |
FR2393015B1 FR2393015B1 (fr) | 1983-02-25 |
Family
ID=13271400
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR7815327A Granted FR2393015A1 (fr) | 1977-06-03 | 1978-05-23 | Membrane echangeuse de cations en polymere fluore, contenant des fibrilles de polytetrafluoroethylene destinee a l'electrolyse et preparation de cette membrane |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4255523A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS53149881A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2822493A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2393015A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1590357A (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1098304B (fr) |
NL (1) | NL7811606A (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2498197A1 (fr) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-07-23 | Du Pont | Membrane echangeuse d'ions, cellule electrochimique et procede d'electrolyse mettant en oeuvre cette membrane |
EP0189056A1 (fr) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-30 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Méthode pour rétablir le rendement du courant |
Families Citing this family (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4444640A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1984-04-24 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Dimensionally stable asbestos-polytetrafluoroethylene diaphragms for chloralkali electrolytic cells |
WO1982002564A1 (fr) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-08-05 | Pont Du | Renforcement de protection dans une membrane echangeuse de cations |
US4454247A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1984-06-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Ion exchange membranes |
JPS58201823A (ja) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-24 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | イオン交換膜の製造方法 |
JPS58199884A (ja) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 改良された電解用陽イオン交換膜 |
JPS58204189A (ja) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-28 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 改良された電解用陽イオン交換膜 |
US4520170A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1985-05-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for reinforcing perfluoroelastomer compositions |
US4610764A (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1986-09-09 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Electrolytic cation exchange membrane |
US5547551A (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-08-20 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Ultra-thin integral composite membrane |
USRE37307E1 (en) | 1994-11-14 | 2001-08-07 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Ultra-thin integral composite membrane |
US6254978B1 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 2001-07-03 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Ultra-thin integral composite membrane |
US5599614A (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1997-02-04 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Integral composite membrane |
USRE37701E1 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 2002-05-14 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Integral composite membrane |
US6054230A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 2000-04-25 | Japan Gore-Tex, Inc. | Ion exchange and electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell |
US6503988B1 (en) * | 1995-11-09 | 2003-01-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Polytetrafluoroethylene fine powders and their use |
JPH1092444A (ja) | 1996-09-13 | 1998-04-10 | Japan Gore Tex Inc | 電気化学反応装置用固体高分子電解質複合体及びそれを用いた電気化学反応装置 |
US6110333A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2000-08-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite membrane with highly crystalline porous support |
US6635384B2 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2003-10-21 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Solid electrolyte composite for electrochemical reaction apparatus |
KR100734765B1 (ko) | 2000-02-15 | 2007-07-06 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | 폴리우레탄 제품의 제조방법 |
JP3920779B2 (ja) | 2001-02-13 | 2007-05-30 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | フッ素系イオン交換樹脂前駆体組成物とその製法 |
ITMI20011745A1 (it) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-09 | Ausimont Spa | Processo per impregnare supporti |
US6613203B1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2003-09-02 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Ion conducting membrane having high hardness and dimensional stability |
JP3983259B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2007-09-26 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 高耐久性を有する高分子電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
EP1666508B1 (fr) | 2003-09-10 | 2015-06-10 | Asahi Kasei E-materials Corporation | Fluoropolymere stabilise et son procede de production |
US7071271B2 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2006-07-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Aqueous emulsion polymerization of functionalized fluoromonomers |
US7074841B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2006-07-11 | Yandrasits Michael A | Polymer electrolyte membranes crosslinked by nitrile trimerization |
US7259208B2 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2007-08-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane |
US7265162B2 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2007-09-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Bromine, chlorine or iodine functional polymer electrolytes crosslinked by e-beam |
US7179847B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2007-02-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer electrolytes crosslinked by e-beam |
US7060756B2 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2006-06-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer electrolyte with aromatic sulfone crosslinking |
US7112614B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2006-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Crosslinked polymer |
US7060738B2 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2006-06-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer electrolytes crosslinked by ultraviolet radiation |
US7832171B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2010-11-16 | Dennis Erickson | Construction framing system and track therefor |
US7173067B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2007-02-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer electrolyte membranes crosslinked by direct fluorination |
US7662498B2 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2010-02-16 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Polymer electrolyte composition containing aromatic hydrocarbon-based resin |
WO2007089017A1 (fr) | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Procede de production de fluoropolymere contenant un groupe –so3h et fluoropolymere contenant un groupe –so3h |
EP2128919B1 (fr) | 2007-02-21 | 2016-05-11 | Asahi Kasei E-materials Corporation | Composition de polyélectrolyte, membrane polyélectrolytique, ensemble membrane-électrode, et pile à combustible à électrode polymère solide |
DK2270818T3 (da) | 2008-03-19 | 2020-06-15 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Polyelektrolyt og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af polyelektrolytten |
JP2012531534A (ja) | 2009-06-25 | 2012-12-10 | テキサス リサーチ インターナショナル,インク. | 新規なポリ尿素系繊維 |
CN102498168B (zh) | 2009-09-18 | 2014-09-10 | 旭化成电子材料株式会社 | 电解质乳液及其制造方法 |
CN102596411B (zh) | 2009-10-26 | 2014-11-05 | 旭化成化学株式会社 | 阳离子交换膜、使用该阳离子交换膜的电解槽和阳离子交换膜的制造方法 |
JP6332792B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 | 2018-05-30 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | 水電解方法及び水電解装置 |
JPWO2018155598A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 | 2019-12-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | 組成物、複合膜、膜電極接合体 |
WO2018207325A1 (fr) | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | 旭化成株式会社 | Membrane électrolytique à polymère, ensemble électrodes à membrane, et pile à combustible à polymère solide |
CN109908973B (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-01-11 | 安徽大学 | 一种胶乳型互穿网络聚合物阳离子交换膜的制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2139646A1 (de) * | 1970-08-13 | 1972-02-17 | Yussa Battery Co Ltd | Scheidewand und Verfahren zur Herstel lung derselben |
FR2276401A1 (fr) * | 1974-06-25 | 1976-01-23 | Ici Ltd | Procede de fabrication d'un diaphragme poreux |
JPS5146589A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-04-21 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Shinkinakozo ojusuru ionkokanmaku oyobi sono seizoho |
FR2307058A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-11-05 | Basf Wyandotte Corp | Diaphragmes constitues par des fibres thermoplastiques separees non liees ou non collees |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2936301A (en) * | 1956-11-15 | 1960-05-10 | Du Pont | Polytetrafluoroethylene granular powders |
US3027601A (en) * | 1957-07-22 | 1962-04-03 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Polytetrafluoroethylene films and method for making same |
US3960651A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1976-06-01 | Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Reinforced air-pervious polytetrafluorothylene sheet |
US3365355A (en) * | 1964-04-29 | 1968-01-23 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Tetrafluoroethylene polymer articles having one readily cementable surface containing glass particles |
US3849243A (en) * | 1971-11-08 | 1974-11-19 | Du Pont | Laminates of support material and fluorinated polymer containing pendant side chains containing sulfonyl groups |
US3853720A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1974-12-10 | Ppg Industries Inc | Electrolysis of brine using permeable membranes comprising fluorocarbon copolymers |
JPS551351B2 (fr) * | 1974-03-07 | 1980-01-12 | ||
US3962373A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-06-08 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Compositions of 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl propene/vinylidene fluoride copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene |
JPS5224176A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-02-23 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Cathion exchange membrane |
JPS5224177A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-02-23 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of fluorocarbon cathion exchange membrane |
IT1061477B (it) * | 1975-07-09 | 1983-02-28 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Membrana scambiatrice di cationi sua preparazione e suo impiego |
JPS5223192A (en) * | 1975-08-15 | 1977-02-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Preparation of improved fluoropolymer bearing cation exchange groups |
JPS5224994A (en) * | 1975-08-22 | 1977-02-24 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Process for producingfluorine-containing cation exchange membrane |
GB1518387A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1978-07-19 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Fluorinated cation exchange membrane and use thereof in electrolysis of an alkali metal halide |
US4056934A (en) * | 1975-09-27 | 1977-11-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | After-burning preventive and flame-out apparatus |
JPS5248598A (en) * | 1975-10-17 | 1977-04-18 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Method for producing alkali hydroxide |
-
1977
- 1977-06-03 JP JP6490077A patent/JPS53149881A/ja active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-05-03 US US05/902,759 patent/US4255523A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-05-08 GB GB18267/78A patent/GB1590357A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-23 FR FR7815327A patent/FR2393015A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-05-23 DE DE19782822493 patent/DE2822493A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1978-05-24 US US05/909,019 patent/US4218542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-06-02 IT IT24138/78A patent/IT1098304B/it active
- 1978-11-27 NL NL7811606A patent/NL7811606A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2139646A1 (de) * | 1970-08-13 | 1972-02-17 | Yussa Battery Co Ltd | Scheidewand und Verfahren zur Herstel lung derselben |
FR2276401A1 (fr) * | 1974-06-25 | 1976-01-23 | Ici Ltd | Procede de fabrication d'un diaphragme poreux |
JPS5146589A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-04-21 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Shinkinakozo ojusuru ionkokanmaku oyobi sono seizoho |
FR2307058A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-11-05 | Basf Wyandotte Corp | Diaphragmes constitues par des fibres thermoplastiques separees non liees ou non collees |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CA1976 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2498197A1 (fr) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-07-23 | Du Pont | Membrane echangeuse d'ions, cellule electrochimique et procede d'electrolyse mettant en oeuvre cette membrane |
EP0189056A1 (fr) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-30 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Méthode pour rétablir le rendement du courant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT7824138A0 (it) | 1978-06-02 |
GB1590357A (en) | 1981-06-03 |
US4255523A (en) | 1981-03-10 |
NL7811606A (nl) | 1980-05-29 |
US4218542A (en) | 1980-08-19 |
DE2822493A1 (de) | 1978-12-14 |
JPS53149881A (en) | 1978-12-27 |
FR2393015B1 (fr) | 1983-02-25 |
IT1098304B (it) | 1985-09-07 |
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